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Interactive and lag effects of environmental factors on the density of schistosome-transmitting Oncomelania hupensis: A twelve-year monthly repeated survey. 环境因素对传播血吸虫的胡蜂蝇密度的交互和滞后效应:一项为期十二年的月度重复调查。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08323-w
Jiamin Wang, Junhui Huang, Yanfeng Gong, Ning Xu, Yu Zhou, Liyun Zhu, Liang Shi, Yue Chen, Qingwu Jiang, Yibiao Zhou

Schistosomiasis is a significant public health threat, and Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host for schistosoma japonicum. We conducted 12-year monthly repeated surveys to explore the interactive and lag effects of environmental factors on snail density and to monitor their long-term and seasonal trends in a bottomland around the Dongting Lake region in China. Relevant environmental data were obtained from multiple sources. A Bayesian kernel machine regression model and a Bayesian temporal model combined with a distributed lag model were constructed to analyze interactive and lag effects of environmental factors on snail density. The results indicated the average annual snail density in the study site exhibited an increasing and then decreasing trend, peaking in 2013. Snail densities were the highest in October and the lowest in January in a year. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and water level were the most effective predictors of snail density, with potential interactions among temperature, precipitation, and NDVI. The mean minimum temperature in January, water level, precipitation and NDVI were positively correlated with snail density at lags ranging from 1 to 4 months. These findings could serve as references for relevant authorities to monitor the changing trend of snail density and implement control measures, thereby reducing the occurrence of schistosomiasis.

血吸虫病是一种严重威胁公众健康的疾病,而日本血吸虫的唯一中间宿主就是湖粉蚧。我们在中国洞庭湖周边底层地区进行了为期 12 年的月度重复调查,以探讨环境因素对钉螺密度的交互和滞后效应,并监测其长期和季节性趋势。相关环境数据来自多个来源。建立了贝叶斯核机回归模型和贝叶斯时间模型与分布滞后模型相结合的模型,分析环境因子对螺类密度的交互和滞后效应。结果表明,研究地点的年平均蜗牛密度呈先增后减的趋势,并在 2013 年达到峰值。每年 10 月蜗牛密度最高,1 月最低。归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)和水位是预测蜗牛密度的最有效指标,温度、降水和 NDVI 之间可能存在相互作用。一月份的平均最低气温、水位、降水量和 NDVI 与蜗牛密度呈正相关,滞后期为 1 至 4 个月不等。这些研究结果可作为相关部门监测钉螺密度变化趋势和实施控制措施的参考,从而减少血吸虫病的发生。
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引用次数: 0
Climatic variations and Fasciola: a review of impacts across the parasite life cycle. 气候变异与法氏囊虫:寄生虫整个生命周期的影响综述。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08319-6
Galia Modabbernia, Behnam Meshgi, Amy C Kinsley

Fasciolosis, caused by the liver fluke Fasciola spp., is a significant parasitic disease of livestock and humans worldwide. Fasciola transmission and life cycle are highly dependent on climatic conditions, especially temperature and humidity. This dependency has gained significance in the context of ongoing climate change. This literature review examined evidence on the effects of temperature variability on the developmental stages of Fasciola spp. and the snail intermediate hosts. We reviewed free larval stages of Fasciola spp. development, as well as snail intermediate hosts, while investigating the climate-related factors influencing each stage. We found that Fasciola spp. egg hatching and development were inhibited below 10 °C and optimal between 20 and 30 °C, miracidia hatching time decreased with higher temperatures and cercarial shedding by snail hosts accelerated around 27 °C. Further, metacercarial viability declined at higher temperatures but was prolonged by higher humidity. Snail intermediate host growth rates peaked at 25 °C, and their susceptibility to Fasciola infection depends on temperature, underscoring its importance in transmission dynamics. Overall, the Fasciola life cycle and snail host development exhibit stage-specific temperature thresholds, indicating a complex relationship between temperature fluctuations and parasite transmission potential. This research highlights the key role of temperature and humidity on Fasciola spp. and snail development, shedding light on the potential consequences of climate change on their survival, development, and disease transmission. Data limitations, primarily from the scarcity of high-resolution climate-related experiments, should drive future research to enhance predictive models and deepen our understanding of the impact of climate change on this parasitic disease.

肝吸虫病是由肝吸虫属引起的一种严重的寄生虫病,世界各地的牲畜和人类都患有这种疾病。法氏囊病的传播和生命周期高度依赖气候条件,尤其是温度和湿度。在当前气候变化的背景下,这种依赖性变得越来越重要。本文献综述研究了温度变化对法氏囊虫属和蜗牛中间宿主发育阶段影响的证据。我们回顾了法氏原虫的自由幼虫发育阶段以及蜗牛中间宿主,同时调查了影响每个阶段的气候相关因素。我们发现,法氏囊虫卵的孵化和发育在 10 ° C 以下受到抑制,在 20 ° C 至 30 ° C 之间达到最佳状态,蜃蛛的孵化时间随温度升高而缩短,蜗牛宿主的carcial脱落速度在 27 ° C 左右加快。此外,温度越高,蜕膜存活率越低,但湿度越高,存活时间越长。蜗牛中间宿主的生长速度在25 °C时达到顶峰,它们对法氏囊感染的易感性取决于温度,这突出了温度在传播动态中的重要性。总之,法氏囊虫的生命周期和蜗牛宿主的发育表现出特定阶段的温度阈值,表明温度波动与寄生虫传播潜力之间存在复杂的关系。这项研究强调了温度和湿度对法氏囊虫属和蜗牛发育的关键作用,揭示了气候变化对其生存、发育和疾病传播的潜在影响。数据的局限性(主要是缺乏高分辨率的气候相关实验)应推动未来的研究,以加强预测模型,加深我们对气候变化对这种寄生虫病影响的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in South Africa. 南非奶牛感染犬新孢子虫的血清流行率和相关风险因素。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08309-8
Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi, Peter N Thompson, Gema Alvarez Garcia, Darshana Morar-Leather, Luis Neves

Bovine neosporosis is a widespread parasitic disease associated with significant economic losses. Its effects on the reproductive performance of cows have resulted in losses that run into the hundreds of millions of US dollars in dairy industries in various countries (Reichel et al., Int J Parasitol 43:133-142, 2013). Due to outdated and scant information on the occurrence of Neospora caninum infection in South Africa, the study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection in dairy cattle in South Africa. A total of 1401 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle on 48 dairy farms in seven of the nine provinces in South Africa. A close-ended questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional study to obtain farm-level and animal-level data. Serological testing was done using a commercial IDvet Screen® Neospora caninum Indirect ELISA. An overall seroprevalence, adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity, of 2.3% (95% CI, 1.3-4.1) was detected and 48% (23/48) of sampled farms had at least one animal testing positive. The highest seroprevalence of N. caninum was in the KwaZulu-Natal province with 7.5% (95% CI, 3.8-14.3), and the lowest in Western Cape with 0.1% (95% CI, 0-1.2). The highest within-farm seroprevalence of 25% was detected on a farm in the North West Province. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of N. caninum seropositivity were higher in Holstein-Friesian cattle when compared to other breeds. Good hygiene was identified as a protective factor. Cattle left out on pasture had increased odds of testing positive for N. caninum compared to those that were penned. The odds of testing seropositive for N. caninum was higher on farms that practised segregation of cattle into different age groups. The purchase of replacement animals was a significant risk factor, as open herds had increased odds of N. caninum seropositivity. Cattle on farms that did not have a specific calving location were more likely to be seropositive. This is the first such study in South Africa and shows that N. caninum is widely distributed in the country at a low seroprevalence, but it may be a cause of concern on certain farms.

牛新孢子虫病是一种广泛传播的寄生虫病,会造成重大经济损失。它对奶牛繁殖性能的影响导致各国奶牛业损失高达数亿美元(Reichel 等人,Int J Parasitol 43:133-142, 2013)。由于有关南非犬新孢子虫感染发生情况的信息过时且稀少,本研究旨在确定南非奶牛的血清流行率以及与感染相关的风险因素。研究人员从南非九个省中七个省的 48 个奶牛场的奶牛身上随机采集了 1401 份血样。在横断面研究中使用了封闭式问卷,以获取农场和动物层面的数据。使用商用 IDvet Screen® 犬新孢子虫间接 ELISA 进行了血清学检测。经检测灵敏度和特异性调整后,总体血清流行率为 2.3%(95% CI,1.3-4.1),48% 的采样农场(23/48)至少有一只动物检测呈阳性。夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省(KwaZulu-Natal)的犬结核血清阳性率最高,为 7.5%(95% CI,3.8-14.3),西开普省(Western Cape)最低,为 0.1%(95% CI,0-1.2)。西北省一家农场的血清阳性率最高,达到 25%。在多变量逻辑回归模型中,荷斯坦-弗里斯兰牛血清阳性的几率高于其他品种的牛。良好的卫生习惯被认为是一个保护因素。与圈养的牛相比,放养在牧场上的牛检测出犬齿瘤病毒阳性的几率更高。在对不同年龄组的牛进行隔离的农场中,N. caninum血清检测呈阳性的几率更高。购买替代牲畜是一个重要的风险因素,因为开放式牛群中出现 N. caninum 血清阳性的几率更高。没有特定产犊地点的农场中的牛血清阳性的几率更高。这是在南非进行的首次此类研究,研究结果表明,N. caninum在南非分布广泛,血清阳性率较低,但在某些农场可能会引起关注。
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引用次数: 0
The first molecular detection of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Hejing and Minfeng counties of Southern Xinjiang. 首次在南疆和静县和民丰县羊群中分子检测到对苯并咪唑的抗药性。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08314-x
Reyilanmu Tuerhong, Lianxi Xin, Ying Zhang, Abudusaimaiti Tuoheti, Yi Zhang, Ailixire Maimaiti, Saifuding Abula, Adelijiang Wusiman, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Waresi Tuersong

To understand the benzimidazole (BZ) resistance of Haemonchus contortus in Southern Xinjiang, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) designated as F167Y, E198A, and F200Y, in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene which are associated with BZ resistance, were investigated for H. contortus populations from sheep in Hejing and Minfeng counties of Southern Xinjiang. In brief, a total of 190 H. contortus adults were collected from 52 out of 70 slaughtered sheep in city abattoirs across two regions in Southern Xinjiang. The species identity of each adult worm was confirmed by PCR amplification of ITS-2 using H. contortus-specific primers targeting the ITS-2. The samples were then investigated for BZ-related SNPs at locus 167, 198, and 200, by PCR-sequencing of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene. The results showed that only E198A and F200Y mutations were detected in the investigated H. contortus populations. The E198A mutation (homozygous and heterozygote resistant: found in 40% and 30% of sequenced samples from Minfeng and Hejing counties, respectively) was predominant compared with the F200Y mutation (homozygous and heterozygote resistant: found in 14% and 13.3% of sequenced samples from Minfeng and Hejing counties, respectively). The results indicate a high prevalence of BZ resistance in H. contortus populations from certain areas of Southern Xinjiang. Our findings provide valuable information for the prevention and control of H. contortus in areas with similar conditions.

为了解南疆轮虫(Haemonchus contortus)对苯并咪唑(BZ)的抗性,研究人员对南疆和静县和民丰县羊群中的轮虫种群进行了调查,在同型-1 β-微管蛋白基因中发现了三个与BZ抗性相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),分别为F167Y、E198A和F200Y。在南疆两个地区的城市屠宰场屠宰的 70 只羊中,从 52 只羊身上共采集到 190 头柯氏蠕虫成虫。使用针对轮虫特异性引物 ITS-2 进行 PCR 扩增,以确认每条成虫的物种身份。然后,通过对异型-1 β-微管蛋白基因进行 PCR 测序,调查样本中 167、198 和 200 位点与 BZ 相关的 SNP。结果显示,在调查的 H. contortus 群体中只检测到 E198A 和 F200Y 突变。E198A突变(同源和异源抗性:分别在民丰县和和静县的40%和30%的测序样本中发现)与F200Y突变(同源和异源抗性:分别在民丰县和和静县的14%和13.3%的测序样本中发现)相比占主导地位。这些结果表明,南疆某些地区的霍乱弧菌种群对 BZ 具有较高的抗药性。我们的研究结果为具有类似条件的地区预防和控制霍乱弧菌提供了有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Opisthorchis viverrini coinfections: insights into immune responses and clinical outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 和 Opisthorchis viverrini 合并感染的特征:对免疫反应和临床结果的见解。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08317-8
Lakhanawan Charoensuk, Somchai Pinlaor, Boonpeng Nimala, Sutas Suttiprapa, Suksanti Prakobwong

The effects of co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic diseases have been little investigated in terms of immune response, disease dynamics, and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of co-infection with Opisthorchis viverrini and SARS-CoV-2 on the immune response concerning clinical symptoms and the severity of pulmonary abnormalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including healthy participants as controls, participants with opisthorchiasis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a co-infection group with both diseases. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed based on clinical parameters and severity of pulmonary abnormalities, whereas opisthorchiasis burden was evaluated by eggs-per-gram (EPG) counts. Immune responses were assessed by measuring levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, and neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2. In the co-infected group, clinical parameters and hospitalization rates were lower than in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Pulmonary abnormalities, such as bronchial fibrosis, were commonly observed in the SARS-CoV-2 group, leading to hospitalization in some cases. Participants with opisthorchiasis had higher IFN-γ levels than healthy individuals. IFN-γ levels were significantly lower in the co-infection group compared with the SARS-CoV-2 group (P = 0.002). There was a significant (P = 0.044) positive correlation between RBD-specific IgG and percent neutralization levels in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Levels of both were somewhat lower (not statistically significant) in the co-infection group. A negative correlation was observed between opisthorchiasis burden (EPG counts) and IFN-γ and RBD-specific IgG levels in the co-infected group. Following vaccination, the increase in IgG levels against the RBD protein was significantly lower in the co-infected group than in the SARS-CoV-2 group. These results suggest that O. viverrini infection suppresses immune responses and may lead to a reduction in severity in cases of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection.

关于 SARS-CoV-2 和寄生虫病共同感染在免疫反应、疾病动态和临床结果方面的影响,研究很少。本研究的目的是探讨同时感染 Opisthorchis viverrini 和 SARS-CoV-2 对有关临床症状和肺部异常严重程度的免疫反应的影响。研究人员进行了一项横断面研究,其中包括作为对照组的健康参与者、患有膀胱阴道畸形的参与者、SARS-CoV-2 感染者以及同时感染这两种疾病的群体。根据临床参数和肺部异常的严重程度评估了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的特征,而通过每克虫卵(EPG)计数评估了 opisthorchias 负担。通过测量干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、SARS-CoV-2 抗尖峰受体结合域(RBD)IgG 和 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体的水平来评估免疫反应。合并感染组的临床指标和住院率均低于 SARS-CoV-2 组。在 SARS-CoV-2 组中,支气管纤维化等肺部异常现象很常见,导致一些患者住院治疗。患有 opisthorchiasis 的参与者的 IFN-γ 水平高于健康人。合并感染组的 IFN-γ 水平明显低于 SARS-CoV-2 组(P = 0.002)。在 SARS-CoV-2 组中,RBD 特异性 IgG 与百分比中和水平之间存在明显的正相关性(P = 0.044)。在合并感染组中,两者的水平都略低(无统计学意义)。在合并感染组中,乳头瘤病毒负担(EPG 计数)与 IFN-γ 和 RBD 特异性 IgG 水平呈负相关。接种疫苗后,合并感染组针对 RBD 蛋白的 IgG 水平的升高明显低于 SARS-CoV-2 组。这些结果表明,O.viverrini 感染可抑制免疫反应,从而减轻 SARS-CoV-2 合并感染病例的严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse fly density in Loka Abaya and Derara districts in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚锡达玛地区州洛卡阿巴亚和德拉拉地区牛锥虫病流行情况和采采蝇密度。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08316-9
Solomon Mekuria, Rahmeto Abebe, Mesele Abera, Berhanu Mekibib, Samrawit Sisay, Alemayehu Gebeyehu, Israel Gemeda, Saifemichael Ushecho, Teshome Assefa, Kokeb Kore, Netsanet Asfaw, Desie Sheferaw

Animal trypanosomosis is a significant livestock disease with economic and social repercussions, reducing the supply of animal products and restricting the utilization of animals for traction and transportation. In Ethiopia, it is prevalent and poses a major hindrance to the advancement of animal production. This repeated cross-sectional study was aimed at assessing seasonal variation in bovine trypanosomosis prevalence and tsetse fly density and identifying the potential risk factors in the Loka Abaya and Derara districts of the Sidama National Regional State. Blood samples were collected from 964 cattle, 484 samples during the dry season, and 480 during the wet season. The buffy coat method was employed to analyze these samples. Furthermore, 78 standard NGU traps were set up at various locations in the two districts during both seasons for entomological investigation. The overall apparent prevalence of trypanosomosis was 9% (95% CI 7.3-11.0), without a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the dry season (7.4%) and wet season (10.6%). The apparent prevalence was significantly higher in Loka Abaya (11.8%) than in Derara (6.3%) district (OR = 2.04; p = 0.003) and in cattle with black coat color (29%) than in mixed color (6.8%) (OR = 5.3; p < 0.001). The majority of infections were caused by Trypanosoma congolense (70%), followed by T. vivax (29%), and mixed infections (1%) with the two species. The average packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in infected animals (20.7 ± 4%) compared to uninfected ones (25.5 ± 5.4%), in cattle examined during the dry season (24.1 ± 6%) versus the wet season (26.1 ± 4.7%), in cattle sampled from the Loka Abaya district (24.2 ± 5.5%) versus Derara district (26 ± 5.3%), and in cattle with poor body condition (23.6 ± 5.7%) compared to those with good body condition (26.5 ± 5.3%). A total of 5282 flies were captured during the study, with 4437 (84%) being tsetse flies (Glossina pallidipes), 439 (8.3%) Tabanids, 190 (3.6%) Stomoxys spp., and 216 (4.1%) Musca spp. The apparent density (AD) of G. pallidipes was 28.4 flies/trap/day, showing no statistically significant difference between wet (32.1) and dry (24.6) seasons (p > 0.05). The AD of G. pallidipes was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the Loka Abaya district (57.3) than in the Derara district (0.9). The study highlights a moderate trypanosomosis apparent prevalence and high AD of G. pallidipes, showing significant variation between the study districts but no seasonal difference. The observed apparent prevalence of trypanosomosis and tsetse fly density notably affects animal health and productivity. As a result, strategies for vector control like insecticide-treated targets, trypanocidal medications for infected animals, and community-based initiatives such as education and participation in control programs are recommended.

动物锥虫病是一种严重的家畜疾病,会对经济和社会产生影响,减少动物产品的供应,限制动物在牵引和运输方面的利用。在埃塞俄比亚,这种疾病十分流行,严重阻碍了畜牧业的发展。这项重复性横断面研究旨在评估西达马国家区域州洛卡阿巴亚和德拉拉地区牛锥虫病流行率和采采蝇密度的季节性变化,并确定潜在的风险因素。研究人员采集了 964 头牛的血液样本,其中 484 份样本在旱季采集,480 份样本在雨季采集。分析这些样本时采用了水包衣法。此外,两个季节还在两个地区的不同地点设置了 78 个标准 NGU 诱捕器,用于昆虫学调查。锥虫病的总体表观流行率为 9% (95% CI 7.3-11.0),旱季(7.4%)和雨季(10.6%)之间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。洛卡阿巴亚(11.8%)的表观流行率明显高于德拉拉(6.3%)地区(OR = 2.04; p = 0.003),黑毛牛(29%)的表观流行率明显高于混色牛(6.8%)(OR = 5.3; p 0.05)。G. pallidipes的AD显著(p
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and identification of lungworms in Iranian wild boars. 伊朗野猪肺线虫的发生和鉴定。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08313-y
Younes Ghahvei, Maryam Khani, Shahrzad Azizi, Hosein Khovand, Shokoofeh Shamsi

This study represents the first investigation into the occurrence and identification of Metastrongylus spp. in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Iran, utilizing both molecular and morphological methods. Thirteen wild boars from Kerman Province were examined, with 92.3% found to be infected with at least one species of Metastrongylus. Mixed infections were observed in 38.46% of the animals. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the presence of M. pudendotectus and M. salmi, with prevalence rates of 76.9% and 53.9%, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed transverse and longitudinal sections of Metastrongylus parasites within the airways, causing partial to complete obstruction, interstitial pneumonia, and inflammatory responses. The study also highlights the public health significance of these parasites. The higher prevalence observed compared to earlier studies suggests changes in environmental conditions, host dynamics, or agricultural practices as possible factors, warranting further investigation. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive surveillance and control measures to mitigate the risk of zoonotic transmission, particularly in regions with significant wild and domestic swine populations. This study contributes to the understanding of Metastrongylus spp. distribution and their pathological impact, emphasizing the ecological importance of wild boars and the necessity for continued monitoring and research to prevent and control infections in both animal and human populations.

本研究首次利用分子和形态学方法调查了伊朗野猪(Sus scrofa)中甲线虫属(Metastrongylus spp.)的发生和鉴定情况。对克尔曼省的 13 头野猪进行了检查,发现 92.3% 的野猪至少感染了一种 Metastrongylus。38.46%的动物受到混合感染。形态学和分子分析证实存在M. pudendotectus和M. salmi,感染率分别为76.9%和53.9%。组织病理学检查显示,气道内的横切面和纵切面上都有甲龙寄生虫,导致气道部分或完全阻塞、间质性肺炎和炎症反应。这项研究还强调了这些寄生虫对公共卫生的重要意义。与之前的研究相比,该研究观察到的流行率更高,这表明环境条件、宿主动态或农业生产方式的变化可能是致病因素,值得进一步调查。研究结果强调了采取全面监控措施的必要性,以降低人畜共患病传播的风险,尤其是在野生猪和家猪数量庞大的地区。这项研究有助于人们了解变形虫属的分布及其病理影响,强调了野猪在生态学上的重要性,以及持续监测和研究以预防和控制动物和人类感染的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The first report of digenean infecting short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) from Chon Buri Province, the Gulf of Thailand. 首次报告泰国湾春武里府的短鲭鱼感染 digenean。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08308-9
Chanisara Kaenkaew, Abigail Hui En Chan, Urusa Thaenkham, Napat Ratnarathorn, Sarid Sagulwong, Wallop Pakdee

Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851), the short mackerel, is a dietary staple and of significant economic demand in Southeast Asia and Thailand. However, the demand for short mackerel has precipitated an overfishing crisis, leading to a depletion of fish stocks. Overfishing, coupled with parasitism, may result in a decline in the population of R. brachysoma. Digenetic trematode infection is prevalent in marine fish and has a considerable impact on the overall health of the fish. Here, to identify digenetic trematodes infecting R. brachysoma, we aim to determine the identity, prevalence, and intensity of digenean infections in R. brachysoma from the Gulf of Thailand. A total of 194 short mackerel were obtained from Chon Buri Province, where digeneans were isolated and identified. The molecular identity of the digeneans was confirmed using the nuclear 28S rRNA gene. Of the 194 short mackerel, 100% were found to be infected with digeneans, comprising of Lecithocladium, Prodistomum, Opechona, and Aphanurus. Lecithocladium was the most prevalent (98%) and had the highest intensity of infection (37 mean intensity), followed by Prodistomum (75% prevalence and 17 mean intensity). Our study thus presents the first evidence of digeneans infecting the economically important short mackerel from the Gulf of Thailand. The high infection rate of digenetic trematodes may have implications on the health of R. brachysoma, further driving their population decline. These data underscore the importance of safeguarding fisheries resources in the Gulf of Thailand, and downstream conservation efforts are crucial for evidence-based management decisions to safeguard the long-term sustainability of fish resources.

短竹筴鱼(Rastrelliger brachysoma,Bleeker,1851 年)是东南亚和泰国的主食,经济需求量很大。然而,对短鲭鱼的需求引发了过度捕捞危机,导致鱼类资源枯竭。过度捕捞,再加上寄生虫,可能会导致鲭鱼数量下降。海洋鱼类普遍感染底栖吸虫,对鱼类的整体健康有相当大的影响。在此,为了确定感染短吻鲭的二齿吸虫,我们旨在确定泰国湾短吻鲭二齿吸虫感染的特征、流行率和强度。我们从春武里府(Chon Buri Province)共获得了 194 条短鲭鱼,并分离和鉴定了这些短鲭鱼体内的地杰纳虫。利用核 28S rRNA 基因确认了这些二价体的分子特征。在这 194 条短鲭鱼中,100% 都感染了 Digeneans,包括 Lecithocladium、Prodistomum、Opechona 和 Aphanurus。Lecithocladium的感染率最高(98%),感染强度也最大(平均强度为37),其次是Prodistomum(感染率为75%,平均强度为17)。因此,我们的研究首次提供了泰国湾具有重要经济价值的短鲭鱼感染地衣虫的证据。短鲭鱼的高感染率可能会对短鲭鱼的健康产生影响,进一步导致其数量下降。这些数据强调了保护泰国湾渔业资源的重要性,下游保护工作对基于证据的管理决策至关重要,以保障鱼类资源的长期可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic potential of oral alginate nanoparticles against experimental toxoplasmosis. 口服藻酸盐纳米颗粒对实验性弓形虫病的治疗潜力。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08307-w
Hoda A Rashed, Amany Abdel-Bary, Eman A Elmorsy

Side effects and low efficacy of current anti-toxoplasmosis therapeutics against encysted bradyzoites necessitate research into alternative safe therapeutic options. The safety, immunostimulatory, and antimicrobial properties of alginate nanoparticle formulation (Alg-NP) highlight its potential as an oral therapy against acute toxoplasmosis. In the current study, Alg-NP was formulated and characterized and then assessed for its anti-Toxoplasma effects using parasitological, ultrastructural, immunological, and histopathological studies. Treatment with Alg-NP significantly prolonged mice survival and reduced the parasite burden in both peritoneal fluid and tissue impression smears. In addition, it altered parasite viability and caused severe tachyzoite deformities as evidenced by ultrastructural studies. Alg-NP induced high levels of serum IFN-γ in infected mice with significant amelioration in histopathological changes in both hepatic and splenic tissue sections. In conclusion, Alg-NP could be considered a promising therapeutic agent against acute murine toxoplasmosis, and owing to its safety, it could potentially be enlisted for human use.

目前的抗弓形虫治疗药物对包囊尾蚴的副作用大、疗效低,因此有必要研究其他安全的治疗方案。藻酸盐纳米颗粒制剂(Alg-NP)的安全性、免疫刺激和抗菌特性突出了其作为急性弓形虫病口服疗法的潜力。本研究对 Alg-NP 进行了配制和表征,然后利用寄生虫学、超微结构、免疫学和组织病理学研究对其抗弓形虫作用进行了评估。使用 Alg-NP 治疗可明显延长小鼠的存活时间,并减少腹腔液和组织印象涂片中的寄生虫数量。此外,超微结构研究表明,Alg-NP 还能改变寄生虫的存活率,并导致寄生虫严重畸形。Alg-NP 可诱导感染小鼠产生高水平的血清 IFN-γ,并显著改善肝脏和脾脏组织切片的组织病理学变化。总之,Alg-NP 被认为是一种很有前景的治疗小鼠急性弓形虫病的药物,而且由于其安全性,有可能被用于人类。
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引用次数: 0
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens from cattle in selected villages of Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa. 南非林波波省大莱塔巴市部分村庄牛身上蜱虫和蜱传病原体的表型和基因型特征。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08311-0
Katleho Sechaba Monakale, Rae Marvin Smith, Realeboga Masego Gaorekwe, Maphuti Betty Ledwaba, Dikeledi Petunia Malatji

Ticks are blood ectoparasites that feed on domestic, wild animals and humans. They spread a variety of infections such as protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. Moreover, cattle reared by smallholder farmers are susceptible to ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Therefore, accurate identification of ticks and detection of tick-borne pathogens is crucial. The main aim of this study was to identify and characterize ticks and tick-borne pathogens from selected villages in Greater Letaba Municipality, Limpopo Province, using morphological and molecular techniques. A total of 233 ticks were collected from cattle and identified morphologically using appropriate morphological keys. The following tick species were identified: Amblyomma hebraeum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Rhipicephalus spp. was the most common species accounting to 73.8% of the identified ticks. The genomic DNA was extracted from the whole tick for tick identification and from midguts of the ticks for the detection of tick-borne pathogens, followed by amplification and sequencing. A total of 27 samples were positive for tick-borne pathogens: 23 samples tested positive for Theileria and four samples tested positive for Ehrlichia. Anaplasma and Rickettsial OmpB could not be detected from any of the samples. There was no obvious grouping of ticks and tick-borne pathogens on the bases of their locality. The findings of this study confirm previous reports that indicated that cattle reared by smallholder farmers harbor various ticks and tick-borne pathogens of veterinary, public health, and economic importance. Regular monitoring of tick infestations in villages around the study areas is recommended to avoid disease outbreaks.

蜱虫是以家畜、野生动物和人类为食的血液外寄生虫。它们传播各种感染,如原生动物、病毒和细菌。此外,小农户饲养的牛很容易受到蜱虫和蜱虫病原体的感染。因此,准确识别蜱虫和检测蜱传病原体至关重要。本研究的主要目的是利用形态学和分子技术鉴定林波波省大莱塔巴市部分村庄的蜱虫和蜱传病原体,并确定其特征。研究人员从牛身上共采集了 233 只蜱虫,并使用适当的形态学密钥对其进行了形态学鉴定。确定的蜱虫种类如下Amblyomma hebraeum、Hyalomma rufipes、Hyalomma truncatum、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus、Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus、Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus、Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 和 Rhipicephalus sanguineus。Rhipicephalus spp.是最常见的物种,占已识别蜱的 73.8%。从整个蜱虫中提取基因组 DNA 用于蜱虫鉴定,从蜱虫中肠提取基因组 DNA 用于检测蜱传病原体,然后进行扩增和测序。共有 27 个样本的蜱传病原体检测结果呈阳性:23 个样本的忒伊勒氏菌检测结果呈阳性,4 个样本的埃里希氏菌检测结果呈阳性。所有样本中均未检测到阿那普拉斯原虫和立克次体 OmpB。蜱虫和蜱传病原体没有明显的地域分组。这项研究的结果证实了之前的报告,这些报告指出,小农饲养的牛携带各种蜱虫和蜱传病原体,这些病原体在兽医、公共卫生和经济方面具有重要意义。建议定期监测研究地区周围村庄的蜱虫侵扰情况,以避免疾病爆发。
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引用次数: 0
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