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Taxonomic inflation or hidden diversity: unveiling the fact surrounds Lytocestus indicus (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea). 分类膨胀或隐藏的多样性:揭开围绕着Lytocestus indicus(绦虫纲:Caryophyllidea)的事实。
IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08336-5
Roshmi Biswas, Daniel Barčák, Mikuláš Oros, Bhairab Kumar Patra, Jit Marick, Anirban Ash

The tapeworms belonging to the order Caryophyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Eucestoda) represent a widespread group of intestinal parasites found in cypriniform and siluriform fishes. This group comprises four families (Balanotaeniidae, Capingentidae, Caryophyllaeidae, Lytocestidae), 42 genera and approximately 130 described species. Additionally, over a hundred new taxa have been reported from India. While many of these taxa are endemic and have unique evolutionary importance, a considerable number of putative new taxa were also invalidated because the quality and reliability of the published data did not meet the requirements. Various researchers have synonymised 28 species into a single representative, Lytocestus indicus (Moghe, 1925) Woodland, 1926. Consequently, L. indicus was chosen as a model organism to investigate whether there is taxonomic inflation or hidden diversity. Newly collected specimens of L. indicus were subjected to various fixatives for morphological assessment, and hologenophores of the same were obtained to determine whether true variations exist in their genotype or if they are merely fixation-induced variations. Despite morphological variations associated with fixation, molecular data indicated that they were indeed the same specimens. The taxonomic status of 43 new taxa was critically evaluated, with most of them tentatively synonymised with L. indicus. Others were also found to be conspecific with L. indicus but were classified as unavailable names based on their first description in unpublished dissertations.

属于Caryophyllidea目(扁形动物,Eucestoda)的绦虫是一种广泛存在于鲤形目和硅形目鱼类体内的肠道寄生虫。该门类包括 4 个科(Balanotaeniidae、Capingentidae、Caryophyllaeidae、Lytocestidae)、42 个属和大约 130 个已描述的物种。此外,印度还报告了一百多个新分类群。虽然这些类群中有许多是特有类群,具有独特的进化重要性,但也有相当数量的推定新类群因公布数据的质量和可靠性不符合要求而失效。不同的研究人员将 28 个物种同义为一个代表物种,即 Lytocestus indicus(Moghe,1925 年)Woodland,1926 年。因此,L. indicus 被选为研究是否存在分类膨胀或隐藏多样性的模式生物。对新采集的茚满蛙标本使用各种固定剂进行形态学评估,并获得相同标本的全息图,以确定其基因型是否存在真正的变异,还是仅仅是固定引起的变异。尽管形态上的变化与固定有关,但分子数据表明它们确实是相同的标本。对 43 个新分类群的分类学地位进行了严格评估,其中大多数暂定为 L. indicus 的异名。其他分类群也被发现与 L. indicus 同属,但根据其在未发表论文中的首次描述,被归类为不可用名称。
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引用次数: 0
Drivers of richness and abundance of parasites of fishes from an intermittent river before and after an interbasin water transfer in the Brazilian semi-arid region 巴西半干旱地区流域间调水前后间歇性河流鱼类寄生虫丰富度和丰度的驱动因素
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08332-9
Julia Martini Falkenberg, Vitória Maria Moreira de Lima, Telton Pedro Anselmo Ramos, Ana Carolina Figueiredo Lacerda

This study examined the metrics of the macroparasite community in fishes from the Jaguaribe River basin, state of Ceará, before and after receiving water from the São Francisco River in Northeastern Brazil. This research assessed the association of environmental factors (water parameters) and the traits of 30 fish species on the parasite richness and abundance across space (river course) and time (seasons, pre- and post-transposition periods). Generalized linear models reveal associations between parasite metrics and host traits, water parameters, and river sub-basin. Host size and body condition positively correlated with parasite richness and abundance, while reproductive phase was negatively related. Water quality impacted ecto- and endoparasites differently, with seasonal and sub-basins variations and differences among sub-basins. The general models also indicate that the period is a significant variable, where parasite richness decreases while abundance increases in the post-transposition period. This study underscores the importance of considering diverse environmental and host variables for understanding parasite dynamics in river ecosystems. These findings could lead to valuable insights for ecosystem management and conservation, elucidating the potential consequences of environmental alterations on parasite-host interactions and ecosystem health.

本研究考察了塞阿拉州贾瓜里贝河流域的鱼类在接受巴西东北部圣弗朗西斯科河水前后的大型寄生虫群落指标。这项研究评估了环境因素(水体参数)和 30 种鱼类的特征与寄生虫丰富度和丰度在空间(河道)和时间(季节、转移前后)上的关联。广义线性模型揭示了寄生虫指标与宿主特征、水体参数和河流子流域之间的关系。宿主的大小和身体状况与寄生虫的丰富度和丰度呈正相关,而繁殖期则呈负相关。水质对外寄生虫和内寄生虫的影响各不相同,存在季节和流域差异以及流域之间的差异。一般模型还表明,时期是一个重要变量,在过渡后时期,寄生虫的丰富度降低,而数量增加。这项研究强调了在了解河流生态系统中寄生虫动态时考虑各种环境和宿主变量的重要性。这些发现可为生态系统管理和保护提供有价值的见解,阐明环境变化对寄生虫-宿主相互作用和生态系统健康的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Crossroad between the sylvatic and domestic cycles of Mesocestoides litteratus: mesocestodiasis in dogs adopted from shelters in Türkiye 介壳虫(Mesocestoides litteratus)在雪原和家养周期之间的交叉点:土耳其收容所收养的狗的介壳虫病
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08337-4
Sinem Akdeniz, Gozde Nur Akkus, Beyza Avci, Aycan N. Gazyagci, Kader Yildiz

This study aimed to report the presence of Mesocestoides litteratus in dogs adopted from shelters in Türkiye. Gravid segments were examined microscopically in the faeces of dogs from different shelters located in Ankara and Kirikkale provinces in the central region of Türkiye. Then, genomic DNA obtained from these segments, a 446-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene, and a 350-bp fragment of mitochondrial 12S rRNA were amplified and sequenced. BLASTn search was performed. During light microscopic examination, an egg-filled paruterine organ was observed in the middle part of the segment. Thin-shelled, oval, 35-µm-diameter parasite eggs containing an oncosphere with three pairs of hooklets were observed. The gravid segments were determined as Mesocestoides spp. based on the appearance of the typical paruterine organ. PCR results supported our diagnosis; moreover, according to the BLAST results, it was detected that the species infecting two dogs was 98.01–100% similar to M. litteratus. Praziquantel-containing medication was administered to the infected dogs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Foxes act as the final host of M. litteratus and the parasite is prevalent in wildlife; however, these animals may disperse the parasite in urban life. Veterinarians need to be made more aware of this parasite, especially if the dogs are owned from shelters.

本研究旨在报告从土耳其收容所收养的狗体内是否存在一窝介壳虫(Mesocestoides litteratus)。研究人员用显微镜检查了来自土耳其中部地区安卡拉省和基里卡莱省不同收容所的狗粪便中的妊娠片段。然后,对从这些片段中获得的基因组 DNA、线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 1 基因的 446-bp 片段和线粒体 12S rRNA 的 350-bp 片段进行扩增和测序。进行了 BLASTn 搜索。在光镜检查中,观察到在裂片的中部有一个充满卵的子宫旁器官。观察到薄壳、椭圆形、直径为 35 微米的寄生虫卵,内含一个带有三对钩状小体的卵囊。根据典型子宫旁器官的外观,可以确定孕卵节片为 Mesocestoides spp.。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)结果支持我们的诊断;此外,根据 BLAST 结果,发现感染两只狗的物种与 M. litteratus 的相似度为 98.01%-100%。我们以每公斤 5 毫克的剂量给受感染的狗服用了含吡喹酮的药物。狐狸是沙雷氏疟原虫的最终宿主,这种寄生虫在野生动物中很普遍;不过,这些动物可能会在城市生活中传播这种寄生虫。兽医需要提高对这种寄生虫的认识,尤其是当狗是从收容所里养出来的时候。
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引用次数: 0
Redescription of Dracovermis occidentalis (Digenea: Liolopidae) infecting American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis from the Bon-Secour River (Mobile–Tensaw River Delta, Alabama, USA) and a revised phylogeny for Liolopidae 重新描述感染Bon-Secour河(美国阿拉巴马州莫比尔-坦索河三角洲)密西西比短吻鳄的Dracovermis occidentalis(Digenea: Liolopidae),并修订Liolopidae的系统发育关系
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08339-2
Haley R. Dutton, Stephen A. Bullard, John H. Brule, Anita M. Kelly

We examined several American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae) from Louisiana, Alabama, and South Carolina in August 2022. The intestine of one alligator from Alabama was infected by Dracovermis occidentalis Brooks and Overstreet, 1978 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea: Liolopidae Odhner, 1912), a seldom collected and incompletely described trematode that lacks a representative nucleotide sequence. Liolopidae comprises 5 genera and 15 species: Liolope spp. infect giant salamanders; Helicotrema spp. infect turtles and lizards; Harmotrema spp. infect snakes; Paraharmotrema spp. infect turtles; and Dracovermis spp. infect crocodilians. Based on our study of the newly collected specimens and the holotype of D. occidentalis, we redescribe D. occidentalis, correct errors in its original description, and provide an updated phylogeny for Liolopidae that, for the first time, includes Dracovermis Brooks and Overstreet, 1978. Our specimens were identified as D. occidentalis by having testes in the posterior 1/3 of the body, a pretesticular cirrus sac, a spined and eversible cirrus, a bipartite seminal vesicle, and a post-acetabular vitellarium. A phylogenetic analysis of the D1–D3 domains of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S) recovered Liolopidae as monophyletic; however, low taxon sampling in the group precludes hypothesis-testing about liolopid-vertebrate cophyly. This is the first collection for morphological study of the type species for Dracovermis since the genus was proposed 46 years ago, the first record of a liolopid from Alabama, and the first phylogenetic analysis that includes Dracovermis.

2022年8月,我们对路易斯安那州、阿拉巴马州和南卡罗来纳州的几条美洲短吻鳄(Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802))(鳄鱼目:鳄鱼科)进行了检查。来自阿拉巴马州的一条短吻鳄的肠道受到了Dracovermis occidentalis Brooks and Overstreet, 1978(扁形动物:Digenea: Liolopidae Odhner, 1912)的感染,这是一种很少被采集、描述不完整、缺乏代表性核苷酸序列的吸虫。Liolopidae 包括 5 属 15 种:Liolope 属感染大鲵;Helicotrema 属感染龟和蜥蜴;Harmotrema 属感染蛇;Paraharmotrema 属感染龟;Dracovermis 属感染鳄鱼。根据我们对新采集的标本和 D. occidentalis 主模式的研究,我们重新描述了 D. occidentalis,纠正了其原始描述中的错误,并提供了最新的 Liolopidae 系统发育,其中首次包括了 Dracovermis Brooks and Overstreet, 1978。我们的标本通过睾丸位于身体的后 1/3、睾丸前的卷须囊、有棘且可倒转的卷须、双分隔的精囊和髋臼后的玻璃体被鉴定为西氏栉水母(D. occidentalis)。对核大亚基核糖体 DNA(28S)D1-D3 域的系统发生分析表明,犁头鱼科为单系;然而,由于该类群的分类群取样较少,因此无法对犁头鱼科与无脊椎动物的共生关系进行假设检验。这是自 46 年前提出 Dracovermis 属以来首次采集该属的模式种进行形态学研究,也是首次记录来自阿拉巴马州的桡足类,同时也是首次包括 Dracovermis 在内的系统发生学分析。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization of anopheline species diversity in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, with a particular emphasis on Anopheles barbirostris 安达曼和尼科巴群岛疟原虫物种多样性的分子特征,特别强调巴比罗斯特疟原虫
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08348-1
Vidhya Thiruvoth Pachalil, Bhavna Gupta, Anwesh Maile, Ittoop Pulikkottil Sunish

This study investigates anopheline species diversity in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, employing morphological and molecular methods, focusing on the D3 domain of 28S rRNA (D3) and second internal spacer (ITS2). Ten Anopheline species were identified morphologically and confirmed with molecular markers. While the D3 region demonstrated low level of inter- and intra-specific genetic distance in all the species, ITS2 revealed clear barcoding gap. Among the ten species, A. barbirostris exhibited significant diversity when compared with the sequences from other countries available in GenBank. Further analyses of additional samples of A. barbirostris were carried out using ITS2 and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) markers. Limited variations among the sequences from the islands were observed, suggesting a prevalent single molecular form. However, when compared with the GenBank sequences, our samples formed a separate cluster closely related to the A3 species. The genetic distance between our samples and the A3 cluster was 0.02 for COI but very high (0.104) for ITS2, suggesting a potentially new molecular form or species in the island region. This warrants a more comprehensive and detailed analysis of A. barbirostris in these islands at both genetic and morphometric levels. Overall, these observations added-up the new knowledge in the understanding of anopheline diversity in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago and highlight the necessity for continuous molecular investigations to unravel complexities within mosquito population dynamics.

本研究采用形态学和分子方法调查了安达曼和尼科巴群岛的疟原虫物种多样性,重点研究了 28S rRNA 的 D3 结构域(D3)和第二内部间隔(ITS2)。通过形态学方法鉴定了 10 个疟原虫物种,并用分子标记进行了确认。所有物种的 D3 区域都显示出较低的种间和种内遗传距离,而 ITS2 则显示出明显的条形码差距。在这 10 个物种中,与 GenBank 中其他国家的序列相比,A. barbirostris 表现出显著的多样性。利用 ITS2 和细胞色素氧化酶 I(COI)标记对更多的 A. barbirostris 样本进行了进一步分析。观察到各岛屿的序列之间差异有限,表明普遍存在单一分子形式。然而,与 GenBank 序列相比,我们的样本形成了一个独立的群组,与 A3 种密切相关。我们的样本与 A3 群的 COI 遗传距离为 0.02,但 ITS2 的遗传距离却非常高(0.104),这表明该岛屿地区可能存在一种新的分子形式或物种。这就需要对这些岛屿上的 A. barbirostris 在遗传和形态水平上进行更全面、更详细的分析。总之,这些观察结果为了解安达曼和尼科巴群岛的按蚊多样性提供了新的知识,并强调了持续进行分子研究以揭示蚊子种群动态复杂性的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a highly specific LAMP assay for detection of Sarcocystis tenella and Sarcocystis gigantea in sheep 开发一种高度特异性的 LAMP 检测方法,用于检测绵羊中的天疱疮沙雷氏菌和巨型沙雷氏菌
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08349-0
Yajie Chen, Jing Peng, Zifu Zhu, Wen Zhang, Lifang Wang, Jianhai Xu, Qun Liu, Jing Liu

Sarcocystis infection in sheep has caused significant economic losses in the livestock industry, and the genetic similarity among Sarcocystis species highlights the need for precise diagnostic methods in sheep. This study developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method targeting COX-1 and 28S rRNA genes to detect Sarcocystis tenella and Sarcocystis gigantea, respectively. The LAMP method exhibited high specificity, selectively amplifying target DNA sequences without cross-reactivity with closely related protozoa, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Detection limits were determined as 3 × 105 copies/L for S. tenella and 6 × 104 copies/L for S. gigantea, enabling sensitive identification of low-level infections. Comparative analysis with conventional PCR on sheep cardiac tissues demonstrated a higher LAMP detection rate (80.0% vs 66.7%). In conclusion, the LAMP method offers superior sensitivity to conventional PCR, allows visual confirmation of results, and provides a rapid diagnostic tool for identifying S. tenella and S. gigantea infection in sheep. However, due to the limitation of sample availability, we were unable to assess all Sarcocystis species that use sheep as intermediate hosts, which warrants further research.

绵羊沙眼衣原体感染给畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失,而沙眼衣原体物种之间的遗传相似性突出表明了对绵羊精确诊断方法的需求。本研究开发了一种环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法,以 COX-1 和 28S rRNA 基因为靶标,分别检测绵羊沙雷氏囊尾蚴(Sarcocystis tenella)和巨型沙雷氏囊尾蚴(Sarcocystis gigantea)。LAMP 方法具有高度特异性,可选择性地扩增目标 DNA 序列,不会与弓形虫和犬新孢子虫等密切相关的原生动物产生交叉反应。天牛的检测限被确定为 3 × 105 拷贝/升,巨细胞天牛的检测限被确定为 6 × 104 拷贝/升,从而能够灵敏地识别低水平感染。对绵羊心脏组织与传统 PCR 的比较分析表明,LAMP 的检出率更高(80.0% 对 66.7%)。总之,与传统 PCR 相比,LAMP 方法具有更高的灵敏度,可对结果进行肉眼确认,是鉴别绵羊天牛和吉丁虫感染的快速诊断工具。然而,由于样本供应的限制,我们无法评估所有以绵羊为中间宿主的沙眼衣原体种类,这值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species 巴基斯坦皮肤利什曼病的遗传多样性和流行病学研究:关于利什曼病种临床表现和分子特征的综合研究
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08344-5
Shumaila Naz, Muhammed Nalcaci, Obaid Hayat, Seray Toz, Azhar Minhas, Shahid Waseem, Yusuf Ozbel

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) stands out as a significant vector-borne endemic in Pakistan. Despite the rising incidence of CL, the genetic diversity of Leishmania species in the country’s endemic regions remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and molecular characteristics of Leishmania species in CL-endemic areas of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Punjab in Pakistan. Clinical samples from 300 CL patients were put to microscopic examination, real-time ITS-1 PCR, and sequencing. Predominantly affecting males between 16 to 30 years of age, with lesions primarily on hands and faces, the majority presented with nodular and plaque types. Microscopic analysis revealed a positivity rate of 67.8%, while real-time PCR identified 60.98% positive cases, mainly L. tropica, followed by L. infantum and L. major. Leishmania major (p = 0.009) showed substantially greater variation in nucleotide sequences than L. tropica (p = 0.07) and L. infantum (p = 0.03). Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated higher diversity in L. major and L. infantum compared to L. tropica. This study enhances our understanding of CL epidemiology in Pakistan, stressing the crucial role of molecular techniques in accurate species identification. The foundational data provided here emphasizes the necessity for future research to investigate deeper into genetic diversity and its implications for CL control at both individual and community levels.

皮肤利什曼病(CL)是巴基斯坦重要的病媒流行病。尽管皮肤利什曼病的发病率不断上升,但该国流行地区利什曼病菌的遗传多样性仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在揭示巴基斯坦俾路支省、开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省(KPK)和旁遮普省 CL 流行地区利什曼原虫的遗传多样性和分子特征。对 300 名 CL 患者的临床样本进行了显微镜检查、实时 ITS-1 PCR 和测序。CL患者主要为16至30岁的男性,皮损主要发生在手部和面部,大多数表现为结节型和斑块型。显微镜分析显示阳性率为 67.8%,而实时 PCR 鉴定出的阳性病例占 60.98%,主要是热带利什曼原虫,其次是幼年利什曼原虫和大体利什曼原虫。与 L. tropica(p = 0.07)和 L. infantum(p = 0.03)相比,大利什曼原虫(p = 0.009)的核苷酸序列变异要大得多。核苷酸多样性分析表明,与 L. tropica 相比,L. major 和 L. infantum 的多样性更高。这项研究加深了我们对巴基斯坦 CL 流行病学的了解,强调了分子技术在准确鉴定物种方面的关键作用。本文提供的基础数据强调了未来研究的必要性,即深入研究遗传多样性及其对个体和群体层面的 CL 控制的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Gross lesions associated with Sarcocystis miescheriana in a wild boar hunted for human consumption: the importance of trained hunters to ensure animal health surveillance and food safety 为人类消费而猎杀的野猪身上出现的与 Sarcocystis miescheriana 相关的大面积病变:训练有素的猎人对确保动物健康监测和食品安全的重要性
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08342-7
Madalena Vieira-Pinto, Francesco Chiesa, Isabel Cristina Ribeiro Pires, Carmen Gonzalez Duarte, Selene Rubiola

Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoa with a worldwide distribution infecting a wide range of animals, including humans. Wild boars can harbor at least two species of Sarcocystis, that is, the zoonotic Sarcocystis suihominis, using humans as definitive hosts, and Sarcocystis miescheriana, for which wild and domestic canids serve as definitive hosts. In Portugal, hunting holds significant economic and social importance, and wild boars are among the most appreciated hunted species. As the consumption of wild boar meat can expose humans to several foodborne pathogens, the presence of trained hunters can make a difference in ensuring animal health surveillance and food safety. Herein, we report the detection of macroscopic cystic lesions associated with S. miescheriana in a wild boar hunted for human consumption, resulting in carcass condemnation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the presence of S. miescheriana in wild boar tissues has never been associated with macroscopic pathological alterations before. Although S. miescheriana cannot infect humans, carcasses affected by grossly visible pathological changes must be declared unfit for consumption. Therefore, our finding points out the potential economic damage associated with carcass rejection due to the presence of gross lesions associated with generalized sarcocystosis. Nonetheless, further studies are required to investigate these alterations that currently appear to be occasional findings.

Sarcocystis 是一种原生动物属,分布于世界各地,可感染包括人类在内的多种动物。野猪至少可携带两种 Sarcocystis,即以人类为最终宿主的人畜共患 Sarcocystis suihominis,以及以野生和家养犬科动物为最终宿主的 Sarcocystis miescheriana。在葡萄牙,狩猎具有重要的经济和社会意义,野猪是最受欢迎的狩猎物种之一。由于食用野猪肉会使人类接触到多种食源性病原体,因此训练有素的猎人可以在确保动物健康监测和食品安全方面发挥重要作用。在本文中,我们报告了在为人类消费而猎捕的野猪身上发现与 S. miescheriana 相关的宏观囊性病变,并因此对其胴体进行了处理。据作者所知,野猪组织中出现的 S. miescheriana 以前从未与宏观病理变化相关联。虽然 S. miescheriana 不会感染人类,但受明显病理变化影响的胴体必须被宣布为不适合食用。因此,我们的研究结果指出,由于存在与全身性肉眼可见囊肿病相关的严重病变,胴体被拒绝食用可能会造成经济损失。尽管如此,还需要进一步研究这些目前看来只是偶尔发现的病变。
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引用次数: 0
Vermamoeba vermiformis as the etiological agent in a patient with suspected non-Acanthamoeba keratitis 一名疑似非阿卡他米巴角膜炎患者的致病原蛭子
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08347-2
Mehmet Aykur, Ozlem Barut Selver, Hande Dagci, Melis Palamar

Vermamoeba vermiformis (V. vermiformis) is one of the most common free-living amoeba (FLA) and is frequently found in environments such as natural freshwater areas, surface waters, soil, and biofilms. V. vermiformis has been reported as a pathogen with pathogenic potential for humans and animals. The aim is to report a case of non-Acanthamoeba keratitis in which V. vermiformis was the etiological agent, identified by culture and molecular techniques. Our case was a 48-year-old male patient with a history of trauma to his eye 10 days ago. The patient complained of eye redness and purulent discharge. A slit-lamp examination of the eye revealed a central corneal ulcer with peripheral infiltration extending into the deep stroma. The corneal scraping sample taken from the patient was cultured on a non-nutritious agar plate (NNA). Amoebae were evaluated according to morphological evaluation criteria. It was investigated by PCR method and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Although no bacterial or fungal growth was detected in the routine microbiological evaluation of the corneal scraping sample that was cultured, amoeba growth was detected positively in the NNA culture. Meanwhile, Acanthamoeba was detected negative by real-time PCR. However, V. vermiformis was detected positive with the specific PCR assay. It was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis to be considered an etiological pathogenic agent. Thus, topical administration of chlorhexidine gluconate %0.02 (8 × 1) was initiated. Clinical regression was observed 72 h after chlorhexidine initiation, and complete resolution of keratitis with residual scarring was noticed in 5 weeks. In conclusion, corneal infections due to free-living amoebae can occur, especially in poor hygiene. Although Acanthamoeba is the most common keratitis due to amoeba, V. vermiformis is also assumed to associate keratitis in humans. Clinicians should also be aware of other amoebic agents, such as V. vermiformis, in keratitis patients.

蛭形阿米巴(V. vermiformis)是最常见的自由生活阿米巴(FLA)之一,经常出现在自然淡水区域、地表水、土壤和生物膜等环境中。据报道,蛭形阿米巴虫是一种对人类和动物具有潜在致病性的病原体。本文旨在报告一例非阿卡他米巴角膜炎病例,通过培养和分子技术鉴定,蛭形体是该病原体。我们的病例是一名 48 岁的男性患者,10 天前他的眼睛有外伤史。患者主诉眼睛发红并有脓性分泌物。眼部裂隙灯检查发现角膜中央溃疡,周边浸润延伸至深层基质。在无营养琼脂平板(NNA)上对患者的角膜刮取样本进行了培养。根据形态学评估标准对阿米巴进行评估。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法对阿米巴进行检测,并通过 DNA 序列分析加以确认。虽然在对角膜刮片样本进行常规微生物学评估时未检测到细菌或真菌生长,但在 NNA 培养中检测到阿米巴生长呈阳性。同时,通过实时 PCR 检测,棘阿米巴呈阴性。然而,通过特异性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)测定,检测到荚膜蛭石呈阳性。经 DNA 序列分析证实,它是一种致病病原体。因此,开始局部使用葡萄糖酸氯己定 0.02%(8×1)。开始使用洗必泰 72 小时后,临床症状有所缓解,5 周后角膜炎完全消退,但仍有瘢痕残留。总之,游离阿米巴原虫可引起角膜感染,尤其是在卫生条件较差的情况下。虽然阿米巴原虫是最常见的角膜炎原虫,但蛭形阿米巴原虫也可能引起人类角膜炎。临床医生还应注意角膜炎患者中的其他阿米巴原虫,如蛭形病毒。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular phylogenetic analysis and seasonal dynamics of Eimeria species infecting broilers of Kashmir, India 印度克什米尔肉鸡感染艾美耳菌的分子系统发育分析和季节动态
IF 2 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08343-6
Pooja Bharti, Abid Hussain Bhat, Fayaz Hussain Mir, Shabir Ahmad Rather, Syed Tanveer, Zahoor Ahmad Wani

Globally, the poultry industry is seriously threatened by coccidiosis caused by various species of Eimeria. This protozoan parasite inhabits the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry globally and can cause serious clinical disease. The present study was carried out on poultry farms located in various regions of Kashmir, India, to investigate the prevalence and phylogenetic relationships of Eimeria species affecting broiler chickens. Over a period of one year, fecal samples were collected from 60 poultry farms in Kashmir and morphological and molecular techniques were employed for Eimeria species identification. Results revealed a high prevalence of coccidiosis, with 58.3% (35/60) of farms positive for Eimeria. The most prevalent species were E. tenella (31/35, 88.6%) followed by E. acervulina (25/35, 71.4%), E. maxima (19/35, 54.3%), E. mitis (18/35, 51.4%), and E. necatrix (9/35, 25.7%). Seasonal variation in prevalence was also observed, with the highest rates in autumn (86.7%) and summer (66.7%). Additionally, younger birds (3–4 weeks) exhibited higher infection rates (85.7%) compared to older birds (57.9%) (5–6 weeks). Mixed infection was found in 94.2% (33/35) of positive farms. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS1 sequences confirmed species clustering and revealed evolutionary relationships among Eimeria species. E. tenella and E. necatrix formed a distinct clade, while E. acervulina formed another. The study underscores the importance of molecular techniques in accurate species identification and provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of coccidiosis in poultry in Kashmir. Effective control strategies, including vaccination and improved management practices, are necessary to mitigate the economic losses associated with this widespread poultry disease.

在全球范围内,家禽业受到由各种艾美耳菌引起的球虫病的严重威胁。这种原生动物寄生于全球家禽的胃肠道上皮内层,可引起严重的临床疾病。本研究在印度克什米尔不同地区的家禽养殖场进行,目的是调查影响肉鸡的艾美耳菌的流行情况和系统发育关系。在一年的时间里,从克什米尔的 60 个家禽养殖场收集了粪便样本,并采用形态学和分子技术对艾美耳菌进行了鉴定。结果显示,球虫病发病率很高,58.3%(35/60)的农场对艾美拉菌呈阳性反应。发病率最高的是天牛埃米拉氏菌(31/35,88.6%),其次是阿克维氏菌(25/35,71.4%)、大肠埃米拉氏菌(19/35,54.3%)、米氏埃米拉氏菌(18/35,51.4%)和坏死性埃米拉氏菌(9/35,25.7%)。发病率也存在季节性差异,秋季(86.7%)和夏季(66.7%)发病率最高。此外,幼鸽(3-4 周)的感染率(85.7%)高于老鸽(57.9%)(5-6 周)。94.2%(33/35)的阳性鸡场发现混合感染。利用 ITS1 序列进行的系统发育分析证实了物种聚类,并揭示了艾美耳菌物种之间的进化关系。E.tenella和E.neccatrix形成了一个独特的支系,而E.acervulina则形成了另一个支系。这项研究强调了分子技术在准确鉴定物种方面的重要性,并对克什米尔地区家禽球虫病的流行病学提供了宝贵的见解。必须采取有效的控制策略,包括接种疫苗和改进管理方法,以减轻这种广泛传播的家禽疾病带来的经济损失。
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引用次数: 0
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Parasitology Research
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