Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124020024
Ya. O. Alferyeva, E. N. Gramenitsky, A. S. Novikova
At 750°C and a pressure of 1 kbar, an experiment was carried out simulating the contact-reaction interaction of calcite and a highly evolved fluorine-containing granite melt. The water content in the system did not exceed 10% of the dry charge mass. The possibility of interaction between magmatic melt and calcite is shown. The experimental products contain a zoned column composed of liquid phases and crystalline minerals. In the apocarbonate part, the newly formed phases are cuspidine, quartz, wollastonite, grossular, and a non-crystalline carbonate–fluoride phase LCF. The mineral assemblages in the zones of the apocarbonate part of the column vary depending on the ratio of CO2 and HF activities. In the silicate part, aluminosilicate glass, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase of variable composition were found. Silicon and fluorine are intensively transferred from the silicate to carbonate part, and a small amount of calcium is transferred in the opposite direction.
{"title":"Experimental Modeling of Interaction between Fluorine-Containing Granite Melt and Calcite Marble","authors":"Ya. O. Alferyeva, E. N. Gramenitsky, A. S. Novikova","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124020024","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124020024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At 750°C and a pressure of 1 kbar, an experiment was carried out simulating the contact-reaction interaction of calcite and a highly evolved fluorine-containing granite melt. The water content in the system did not exceed 10% of the dry charge mass. The possibility of interaction between magmatic melt and calcite is shown. The experimental products contain a zoned column composed of liquid phases and crystalline minerals. In the apocarbonate part, the newly formed phases are cuspidine, quartz, wollastonite, grossular, and a non-crystalline carbonate–fluoride phase <i>LCF</i>. The mineral assemblages in the zones of the apocarbonate part of the column vary depending on the ratio of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF activities. In the silicate part, aluminosilicate glass, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase of variable composition were found. Silicon and fluorine are intensively transferred from the silicate to carbonate part, and a small amount of calcium is transferred in the opposite direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 2","pages":"236 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124020061
L. I. Panina, A. T. Isakova, E. Yu. Rokosova
Olivine from the dunite of the Guli pluton crystallized from olivine–melanephelinite magma at temperatures above 1260°C according to the melt inclusion study. The melts were enriched with volatile components (S, CO2, F, H2O, slightly Cl) and contained high amount of incompatible elements. In addition, olivine hosts sporadic inclusions of picrite-basalt composition, which are close to picrite–meimechite melts preserved in chromite from dunite according to literature data. This suggests the influx of picrite–meimechite melts and their mixing with melanephelinite magma during the formation of dunites in the magma chamber. Based on the indicator ratios of incompatible elements, these melts and melanephelinite magma had different sources, which were located in undepleted mantle at different depths and derived through different degree of partial melting.
{"title":"Genesis of Dunite from the Guli Puton according to Olivine-Hosted Melt Inclusion Data","authors":"L. I. Panina, A. T. Isakova, E. Yu. Rokosova","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124020061","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124020061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Olivine from the dunite of the Guli pluton crystallized from olivine–melanephelinite magma at temperatures above 1260°C according to the melt inclusion study. The melts were enriched with volatile components (S, CO<sub>2</sub>, F, H<sub>2</sub>O, slightly Cl) and contained high amount of incompatible elements. In addition, olivine hosts sporadic inclusions of picrite-basalt composition, which are close to picrite–meimechite melts preserved in chromite from dunite according to literature data. This suggests the influx of picrite–meimechite melts and their mixing with melanephelinite magma during the formation of dunites in the magma chamber. Based on the indicator ratios of incompatible elements, these melts and melanephelinite magma had different sources, which were located in undepleted mantle at different depths and derived through different degree of partial melting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 2","pages":"201 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140761273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124020085
Shiyao Gao, Zhongjie Xu, Fufeng Zhao, Ke Cao, Nanyu Tang
A series of Mesozoic granites related to the subduction of the ancient Pacific plate are widely developed in the eastern part of the North China Craton. These granites contain garnet as a minor phase. Garnet records important information such as magma composition, temperature and pressure, and is an important object in the study of petrological evolution of granites. We take the late Jurassic garnet–bearing monzogranite in Xingcheng, Liaoning as the research object, and the magmatic evolution process in the study area is discussed by the in–situ element geochemical variation and the Raman effect of magmatic garnet girdle. It is found that the garnet has a zonation structure in which the contents of MnO and CaO increase and then decrease, while the contents of FeO and MgO decrease and then increase from the core to the edge. Through the simulation of the crystallization sequence of garnet and biotite, it is found that the garnet has “M” type “spessartine bell–shaped profile”, Mn/(Ca + Mg + Fe) value and Mn/Fe value, which reflects that the crystallization pattern of minerals in the magma is dominated by biotite crystallization to garnet crystallization. It is considered that forward and reverse girdle can exist in the same garnet; the separation and crystallization of minerals in the late magmatic evolution is the main reason for the change in the compositional profile of the garnet. This is consistent with the late evolution of granitic magmas in the northeastern of the North China Craton after the late Jurassic.
{"title":"Mineralogical Characteristics and Magmatic Evolution Significance of Garnets in the Late Jurassic Granites in Xingcheng, Eastern North China Craton","authors":"Shiyao Gao, Zhongjie Xu, Fufeng Zhao, Ke Cao, Nanyu Tang","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124020085","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124020085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of Mesozoic granites related to the subduction of the ancient Pacific plate are widely developed in the eastern part of the North China Craton. These granites contain garnet as a minor phase. Garnet records important information such as magma composition, temperature and pressure, and is an important object in the study of petrological evolution of granites. We take the late Jurassic garnet–bearing monzogranite in Xingcheng, Liaoning as the research object, and the magmatic evolution process in the study area is discussed by the in–situ element geochemical variation and the Raman effect of magmatic garnet girdle. It is found that the garnet has a zonation structure in which the contents of MnO and CaO increase and then decrease, while the contents of FeO and MgO decrease and then increase from the core to the edge. Through the simulation of the crystallization sequence of garnet and biotite, it is found that the garnet has “M” type “spessartine bell–shaped profile”, Mn/(Ca + Mg + Fe) value and Mn/Fe value, which reflects that the crystallization pattern of minerals in the magma is dominated by biotite crystallization to garnet crystallization. It is considered that forward and reverse girdle can exist in the same garnet; the separation and crystallization of minerals in the late magmatic evolution is the main reason for the change in the compositional profile of the garnet. This is consistent with the late evolution of granitic magmas in the northeastern of the North China Craton after the late Jurassic.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 2","pages":"283 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124010028
L. Y. Aranovich, M. A. Golunova, J. A. D. Connolly, M. V. Ivanov
We present new experimental data on Cl solubility in model basalt melts of eutectic compositions diopside (Di)–albite (Ab) and Di–anorthite ± quartz (Qtz). The starting glasses were equilibrated with aqueous NaCl–CaCl2 fluid at 4 kbar in the temperature range of 900–1200°C. The experiments show that Cl solubility decreases with increasing NaCl in the fluid. Ca–Na partitioning between melts and fluid is weekly temperature dependent and resembles that of the plagioclase–fluid system. The newly obtained experimental data, along with previously published results on the model granite melting in the presence of (Na,K)Cl brines (Aranovich et al., 2013), are used to calibrate an empirical thermodynamic model for salt species (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2) in silicate melt. Calculations show that Cl solubility in haplogranite melt decreases with increasing K/Na ratio in the fluid (and correspondingly, melt). The data acquired on Ca and Na partitioning between melt and fluid make it possible to model the evolution of the Ca/Na ratio in the crystallization course of basalt melts. At a high pressure (10 kbar), Cl solubility in model granite increases with increasing Н2О content. The calculated phase diagram for a simple pseudo-ternary system Ab–H2O–NaCl demonstrates complex phase relations and, correspondingly, evolution of the Н2О and NaCl concentrations in the melt. This complex evolution is illustrated by data on the composition of quartz-hosted melt and fluid inclusions from granites in the Verkhneurmisskii massif in the Badzhal volcano-plutonic zone.
{"title":"Chlorine Solubility in Silicate Melts: New Experiments and Thermodynamic Mixing Model","authors":"L. Y. Aranovich, M. A. Golunova, J. A. D. Connolly, M. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124010028","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124010028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present new experimental data on Cl solubility in model basalt melts of eutectic compositions diopside (<i>Di</i>)–albite (<i>Ab</i>) and <i>Di</i>–anorthite ± quartz (<i>Qtz</i>). The starting glasses were equilibrated with aqueous NaCl–CaCl<sub>2</sub> fluid at 4 kbar in the temperature range of 900–1200°C. The experiments show that Cl solubility decreases with increasing NaCl in the fluid. Ca–Na partitioning between melts and fluid is weekly temperature dependent and resembles that of the plagioclase–fluid system. The newly obtained experimental data, along with previously published results on the model granite melting in the presence of (Na,K)Cl brines (Aranovich et al., 2013), are used to calibrate an empirical thermodynamic model for salt species (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl<sub>2</sub>) in silicate melt. Calculations show that Cl solubility in haplogranite melt decreases with increasing K/Na ratio in the fluid (and correspondingly, melt). The data acquired on Ca and Na partitioning between melt and fluid make it possible to model the evolution of the Ca/Na ratio in the crystallization course of basalt melts. At a high pressure (10 kbar), Cl solubility in model granite increases with increasing Н<sub>2</sub>О content. The calculated phase diagram for a simple pseudo-ternary system <i>Ab</i>–H<sub>2</sub>O–NaCl demonstrates complex phase relations and, correspondingly, evolution of the Н<sub>2</sub>О and NaCl concentrations in the melt. This complex evolution is illustrated by data on the composition of quartz-hosted melt and fluid inclusions from granites in the Verkhneurmisskii massif in the Badzhal volcano-plutonic zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 1","pages":"41 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S0869591124010028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124010065
A. L. Perchuk, N. G. Zinovieva, A. V. Sapegina, P. M. Valizer, V. M. Kozlovsky, V. M. Grigorieva, S. T. Podgornova
<p><b>Abstract</b>—The Maksyutov eclogite–blueschist Complex is characterized by a complicated fold-and-thrust structure that has been formed during the Late Devonian collision between the subducting Baltica margin (East European Plate) and the Magnitogorsk island arc. Eclogites are the most studied rocks of the Complex; their formation and exhumation are usually associated with the collisional stage of the orogen development. At the same time, the origin of meta-ultramafic rocks, which together with eclogites form sheets and boudins within metasedimentary rocks (schists and quartzites), still remains unknown. This paper presents the results of the first detailed petrological study of meta-ultramafic rocks represented by antigorite−chlorite and magnesite−antigorite meta-harzburgites, and chlorite−antigorite metaorthopyroxenite. Mineral compositions and textural relationships between minerals in the meta-harzburgites indicate at least two stages of rock transformations. Minerals of the early mineral paragenesis (first stage)—olivine, accessory chromite, and low-fluorine Ti-clinohumite – have a metamorphic genesis; ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions of their formation are discussed. Partial replacement of olivine by orthopyroxene-bearing parageneses with Cr−Al antigorite and/or high-chromium chlorite is established for the second stage. The phase equilibria modeling using the Perple_X software package demonstrates that formation of antigorite−orthopyroxene paragenesis was associated with Si−Al metasomatism at: <i>T</i> ~ 630°С, <i>P</i> ~ 2 GPa, log<span>({{a}_{{{text{Si}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span> ~ −0.6, log<span>({{a}_{{{text{A}}{{{text{l}}}_{2}}{{{text{O}}}_{3}}}}})</span> ~ −2.5. It is important to note that the mineral paragenesis is highly sensitive to <span>({{a}_{{{text{Si}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span>: a slight decrease in log <span>({{a}_{{{text{Si}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span> relative to the above value would lead to the growth of olivine with antigorite, and an increase would lead to the growth of orthopyroxene. The latter may explain the formation of meta-orthopyroxenites, which are widely distributed among the meta-ultramafic rocks of the Maksyutov Complex. Similar calculations performed for the range of <span>({{X}_{{{text{C}}{{{text{O}}}_{2}}}}})</span> = 0.01–0.05 in H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub> fluid showed the replacement of silicate minerals by magnesite under the established thermodynamic conditions. Carbonation and Si−Al metasomatism are specific features of high-pressure transformations of meta-ultramafic rocks, which have not been established in the associated eclogites, quartzites, and shales. Such selective fluid influence on different rock types is interpreted as a result of their different tectono-metamorphic evolution: meta-ultramafic rocks are fragments of the suprasubduction mantle, which were tectonically juxtoposed with the rocks of the subducting plate (eclogites and metasedimentary r
{"title":"Meta-Ultramafic Rocks of the Maksyutov Complex, Southern Urals: High-Pressure Si–Al Metasomatism and Carbonatization at the Crust–Mantle Interface in the Subduction Zone","authors":"A. L. Perchuk, N. G. Zinovieva, A. V. Sapegina, P. M. Valizer, V. M. Kozlovsky, V. M. Grigorieva, S. T. Podgornova","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124010065","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124010065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The Maksyutov eclogite–blueschist Complex is characterized by a complicated fold-and-thrust structure that has been formed during the Late Devonian collision between the subducting Baltica margin (East European Plate) and the Magnitogorsk island arc. Eclogites are the most studied rocks of the Complex; their formation and exhumation are usually associated with the collisional stage of the orogen development. At the same time, the origin of meta-ultramafic rocks, which together with eclogites form sheets and boudins within metasedimentary rocks (schists and quartzites), still remains unknown. This paper presents the results of the first detailed petrological study of meta-ultramafic rocks represented by antigorite−chlorite and magnesite−antigorite meta-harzburgites, and chlorite−antigorite metaorthopyroxenite. Mineral compositions and textural relationships between minerals in the meta-harzburgites indicate at least two stages of rock transformations. Minerals of the early mineral paragenesis (first stage)—olivine, accessory chromite, and low-fluorine Ti-clinohumite – have a metamorphic genesis; ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions of their formation are discussed. Partial replacement of olivine by orthopyroxene-bearing parageneses with Cr−Al antigorite and/or high-chromium chlorite is established for the second stage. The phase equilibria modeling using the Perple_X software package demonstrates that formation of antigorite−orthopyroxene paragenesis was associated with Si−Al metasomatism at: <i>T</i> ~ 630°С, <i>P</i> ~ 2 GPa, log<span>({{a}_{{{text{Si}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span> ~ −0.6, log<span>({{a}_{{{text{A}}{{{text{l}}}_{2}}{{{text{O}}}_{3}}}}})</span> ~ −2.5. It is important to note that the mineral paragenesis is highly sensitive to <span>({{a}_{{{text{Si}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span>: a slight decrease in log <span>({{a}_{{{text{Si}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{2}}}}}}})</span> relative to the above value would lead to the growth of olivine with antigorite, and an increase would lead to the growth of orthopyroxene. The latter may explain the formation of meta-orthopyroxenites, which are widely distributed among the meta-ultramafic rocks of the Maksyutov Complex. Similar calculations performed for the range of <span>({{X}_{{{text{C}}{{{text{O}}}_{2}}}}})</span> = 0.01–0.05 in H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub> fluid showed the replacement of silicate minerals by magnesite under the established thermodynamic conditions. Carbonation and Si−Al metasomatism are specific features of high-pressure transformations of meta-ultramafic rocks, which have not been established in the associated eclogites, quartzites, and shales. Such selective fluid influence on different rock types is interpreted as a result of their different tectono-metamorphic evolution: meta-ultramafic rocks are fragments of the suprasubduction mantle, which were tectonically juxtoposed with the rocks of the subducting plate (eclogites and metasedimentary r","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 1","pages":"53 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124010041
Daniel E. Harlov
The role of S during high-grade metamorphism is a topic that has not garnered much interest in the literature until recently. In this review, the role of S as an active component in high grade hypersaline fluids is reviewed per a series of regional studies involving orthopyroxene-bearing granulite-facies granitoids. These include the Shevaroy Block and Nilgiri Block, southern India; the Bamble Sector, southwest Norway; the Val Strona traverse of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy; and the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland. In each these terranes, S-bearing, high-grade, low H2O activity fluids are conjectured to have been present during granulite-facies metamorphism and to have contributed to the dehydration of the rock, the oxidation state of the rock, and trace element mobility, leaving behind pyrite and/or pyrrhotite as traces of its presence. The various mineral equilibria reactions between the various oxidation states of S in these fluids and the oxide and silicate minerals encountered by the fluid are explored and a coherent framework of interdependent chemical reactions are developed, which describe both oxidation of the rock and the formation of pyrite and pyrrhotite during both peak- and post-peak metamorphism.
摘要 S在高品位变质过程中的作用是一个直到最近才在文献中引起广泛关注的话题。在这篇综述中,通过一系列涉及含正辉石花岗岩成因花岗岩的区域研究,对S作为高品位超盐流体中活性成分的作用进行了综述。这些地区包括印度南部的谢瓦洛伊区块和尼尔吉里区块、挪威西南部的班布尔区块、意大利北部伊夫雷亚-韦尔巴诺区的瓦尔斯特罗纳横断面以及苏格兰西北部的刘易斯岩群。据推测,在这些地层中,花岗岩成因变质过程中都存在含 S 的高品位、低 H2O 活性流体,这些流体对岩石的脱水、岩石的氧化状态和微量元素的流动性起到了作用,并留下了黄铁矿和/或黄铁矿的痕迹。研究探讨了这些流体中各种氧化态的 S 与流体中遇到的氧化物和硅酸盐矿物之间的各种矿物平衡反应,并建立了一个相互依存的化学反应的连贯框架,该框架描述了高峰变质和后高峰变质过程中岩石的氧化以及黄铁矿和黄铁矿的形成。
{"title":"The Potential Role of Sulfur during Granulite-facies Metamorphism, Oxidation, and Geochemical Transformation of the Granitoid Lower Crust","authors":"Daniel E. Harlov","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124010041","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124010041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role of S during high-grade metamorphism is a topic that has not garnered much interest in the literature until recently. In this review, the role of S as an active component in high grade hypersaline fluids is reviewed per a series of regional studies involving orthopyroxene-bearing granulite-facies granitoids. These include the Shevaroy Block and Nilgiri Block, southern India; the Bamble Sector, southwest Norway; the Val Strona traverse of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy; and the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland. In each these terranes, S-bearing, high-grade, low H<sub>2</sub>O activity fluids are conjectured to have been present during granulite-facies metamorphism and to have contributed to the dehydration of the rock, the oxidation state of the rock, and trace element mobility, leaving behind pyrite and/or pyrrhotite as traces of its presence. The various mineral equilibria reactions between the various oxidation states of S in these fluids and the oxide and silicate minerals encountered by the fluid are explored and a coherent framework of interdependent chemical reactions are developed, which describe both oxidation of the rock and the formation of pyrite and pyrrhotite during both peak- and post-peak metamorphism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 1","pages":"142 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124020036
M. V. Ivanov, S. A. Bushmin
The possibility of changing the ratio of the concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 salts in fluid phases formed as a result of heterogenization of the H2O–CO2–NaCl–CaCl2 fluid with a decrease in P-T parameters has been studied. A well-known experimental fact regarding the ternary systems H2O–CO2–NaCl and H2O–CO2–CaCl2 is the greater tendency of the H2O–CO2–CaCl2 system to separate into coexisting predominantly aqueous-salt and aqueous-carbon dioxide phases compared to the similar system H2O–CO2–NaCl. This experimental fact can be interpreted as a greater affinity of NaCl for CO2 compared to CaCl2. Using a recently developed numerical thermodynamic model of the H2O–CO2–NaCl–CaCl2 quaternary fluid system, it was possible to identify geologically significant consequences of this difference in the interaction of NaCl and CaCl2 with CO2. Multistage heterogenization of the H2O–CO2–NaCl–CaCl2 fluid with a significant decrease in P-T parameters ultimately leads to the formation of aqueous-carbon dioxide fluid phase f2, the salt component of which is significantly enriched in NaCl and depleted in CaCl2 compared to the initial fluid. The fluid phase f1 formed at each stage of heterogenization has a predominantly water-salt composition with the ratio of the mole fractions of NaCl and CaCl2 salts, differing little from that in the initial fluid. However, the total mole fraction of salt in the f1 phase, as a rule, significantly exceeds that in the original fluid. The density of phase f1 significantly exceeds the density of phase f2. During the process of multistage heterogenization of the fluid phase f1, there is no formation of a fluid with a significant enrichment of CaCl2 compared to the initial ratio of the mole fractions of NaCl and CaCl2. At the same time, successive multiple separation of the f2 phase leads to the enrichment of its salt component in NaCl. Under favorable conditions, this process can lead to the formation of a fluid with almost pure NaCl salt. Changes in the salt composition of the fluid H2O–CO2–NaCl–CaCl2 are considered in application to the evolution of fluid composition along the regressive branch of the P-T trend of HP metamorphism and syngranulite metasomatism in the Lapland granulite belt.
{"title":"Separation of Salts NaCl and CaCl2 in Aqueous-Carbon Dioxide Deep Fluids","authors":"M. V. Ivanov, S. A. Bushmin","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124020036","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124020036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of changing the ratio of the concentrations of NaCl and CaCl<sub>2</sub> salts in fluid phases formed as a result of heterogenization of the H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–NaCl–CaCl<sub>2</sub> fluid with a decrease in <i>P-T</i> parameters has been studied. A well-known experimental fact regarding the ternary systems H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–NaCl and H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–CaCl<sub>2</sub> is the greater tendency of the H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–CaCl<sub>2</sub> system to separate into coexisting predominantly aqueous-salt and aqueous-carbon dioxide phases compared to the similar system H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–NaCl. This experimental fact can be interpreted as a greater affinity of NaCl for CO<sub>2</sub> compared to CaCl<sub>2</sub>. Using a recently developed numerical thermodynamic model of the H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–NaCl–CaCl<sub>2</sub> quaternary fluid system, it was possible to identify geologically significant consequences of this difference in the interaction of NaCl and CaCl<sub>2</sub> with CO<sub>2</sub>. Multistage heterogenization of the H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–NaCl–CaCl<sub>2</sub> fluid with a significant decrease in <i>P-T</i> parameters ultimately leads to the formation of aqueous-carbon dioxide fluid phase f2, the salt component of which is significantly enriched in NaCl and depleted in CaCl<sub>2</sub> compared to the initial fluid. The fluid phase f1 formed at each stage of heterogenization has a predominantly water-salt composition with the ratio of the mole fractions of NaCl and CaCl<sub>2</sub> salts, differing little from that in the initial fluid. However, the total mole fraction of salt in the f1 phase, as a rule, significantly exceeds that in the original fluid. The density of phase f1 significantly exceeds the density of phase f2. During the process of multistage heterogenization of the fluid phase f1, there is no formation of a fluid with a significant enrichment of CaCl<sub>2</sub> compared to the initial ratio of the mole fractions of NaCl and CaCl<sub>2</sub>. At the same time, successive multiple separation of the f2 phase leads to the enrichment of its salt component in NaCl. Under favorable conditions, this process can lead to the formation of a fluid with almost pure NaCl salt. Changes in the salt composition of the fluid H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>–NaCl–CaCl<sub>2</sub> are considered in application to the evolution of fluid composition along the regressive branch of the <i>P-T</i> trend of HP metamorphism and syngranulite metasomatism in the Lapland granulite belt.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 2","pages":"249 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124010107
L.Ya. Aranovich
{"title":"“In the Wake of a Big Ship”: The Sailing Must Go on!","authors":"L.Ya. Aranovich","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124010107","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124010107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124010090
N. E. Seliutina, O. G. Safonov, V. O. Yapaskurt, D. A. Varlamov, I. S. Sharygin, K. M. Konstantinov, V. M. Kozlovskiy
Xenoliths in kimberlites are the most promising material for studying the composition and structure of the lower levels of the continental crust. This study is aimed at the estimation of P–T parameters and fluid regime of metamorphism for garnet–biotite–feldspar and orthopyroxene–garnet–biotite–feldspar rocks found as xenoliths in kimberlites of the Yubileynaya and Sytykanskaya pipes, Yakutian kimberlite province. The seven studied samples show inverse dependences of relative contents of garnet and orthopyroxene, orthopyroxene and biotite, garnet and plagioclase, plagioclase and potassium feldspar. This indicates a consistent series of transformations of the assemblage garnet + plagioclase + orthopyroxene ± quartz to the assemblage garnet + biotite + potassium feldspar. In this process, the replacement of plagioclase by potassium feldspar was the leading reaction. Evidence of this reaction is specific reaction textures in the rocks, negative correlations between the contents of the minerals, and petrochemical characteristics of the rocks. Modeling of the mineral assemblages of the xenoliths using the pseudosection approach (PERPLE_X) revealed two groups of rocks corresponding to different depth levels of the Siberian cratonic crust. For rocks without orthopyroxene or with this mineral as single relics, the pressure was estimated at 9.5–10 kbar, and it is 6–7 kbar for orthopyroxene-bearing samples. The xenolith rocks have close metamorphic peak temperatures of 750–800°C. They experienced 200–250°C cooling and 3–4 kbar decompression, regardless of the level of the crust at which they had initially occurred. This indicates that the metamorphic evolution of the rocks during their exhumation was probably associated with collisional processes during the amalgamation of individual terrains of the Siberian craton. Xenoliths enriched in K-feldspar might have been products of metamorphic reactions with participation of aqueous–(carbonic)–salt fluids, which were sourced from basaltic magmas in the lower crust. The most strongly metasomatized rocks were located closest to the place of accumulation of crystallizing magmas.
{"title":"Metasomatism in the Precambrian Crust of the Siberian Craton: Results of a Study of Garnet(±Orthopyroxene)–Biotite–Feldspar Xenolith Rocks from Yubileinaya and Sytykanskaya Kimberlite Pipes, Yakutia","authors":"N. E. Seliutina, O. G. Safonov, V. O. Yapaskurt, D. A. Varlamov, I. S. Sharygin, K. M. Konstantinov, V. M. Kozlovskiy","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124010090","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124010090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Xenoliths in kimberlites are the most promising material for studying the composition and structure of the lower levels of the continental crust. This study is aimed at the estimation of <i>P–T</i> parameters and fluid regime of metamorphism for garnet–biotite–feldspar and orthopyroxene–garnet–biotite–feldspar rocks found as xenoliths in kimberlites of the Yubileynaya and Sytykanskaya pipes, Yakutian kimberlite province. The seven studied samples show inverse dependences of relative contents of garnet and orthopyroxene, orthopyroxene and biotite, garnet and plagioclase, plagioclase and potassium feldspar. This indicates a consistent series of transformations of the assemblage garnet + plagioclase + orthopyroxene ± quartz to the assemblage garnet + biotite + potassium feldspar. In this process, the replacement of plagioclase by potassium feldspar was the leading reaction. Evidence of this reaction is specific reaction textures in the rocks, negative correlations between the contents of the minerals, and petrochemical characteristics of the rocks. Modeling of the mineral assemblages of the xenoliths using the pseudosection approach (PERPLE_X) revealed two groups of rocks corresponding to different depth levels of the Siberian cratonic crust. For rocks without orthopyroxene or with this mineral as single relics, the pressure was estimated at 9.5–10 kbar, and it is 6–7 kbar for orthopyroxene-bearing samples. The xenolith rocks have close metamorphic peak temperatures of 750–800°C. They experienced 200–250°C cooling and 3–4 kbar decompression, regardless of the level of the crust at which they had initially occurred. This indicates that the metamorphic evolution of the rocks during their exhumation was probably associated with collisional processes during the amalgamation of individual terrains of the Siberian craton. Xenoliths enriched in K-feldspar might have been products of metamorphic reactions with participation of aqueous–(carbonic)–salt fluids, which were sourced from basaltic magmas in the lower crust. The most strongly metasomatized rocks were located closest to the place of accumulation of crystallizing magmas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 1","pages":"85 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1134/S0869591124010089
I. V. Pshenitsyn, A. A. Ariskin, S. N. Sobolev
The temperature and compositional parameters of the parental magma of ore-bearing apophysis DV10 of the Yoko-Dovyren massif are estimated by the method of geochemical thermometry based on results of thermodynamic modeling of the equilibrium crystallization of the melts of 24 rocks. The thermometric calculations were carried out using the COMAGMAT-5.3 program with increments of 0.5 mol % to a maximum degree of crystallization 75–85%, under oxygen fugacity controlled by the QFM buffer. The model crystallization sequence of minerals was as follows: olivine (Ol) + Cr-Al spinel (Spl) → plagioclase (Pl) → high-Ca pyroxene (Cpx) → orthopyroxene (Opx). Silicate−sulfide immiscibility was calculated to occur mostly before the onset of plagioclase crystallization, which is consistent with initial sulfide saturation of the parental magma. The calculation results demonstrate the convergence and intersection of the model liquid lines of descent at temperatures of about 1185oC. When applied to the average composition of apophysis DV10, this temperature indicates the existence of suspension of the original crystals, including 52.1 wt % cumulus olivine (Fo83.6), 2.3 wt % plagioclase (An79.7), 0.24 wt % clinopyroxene (Mg# 88.8), 1 wt % aluminochromite (Cr# 0.62), and about 0.2% sulfide liquid in a moderately magnesian melt (53.6 wt % SiO2, 7.4 wt % MgO). Therewith the sulfur concentration at sulfide saturation (SCSS) was estimated at 0.083 wt %. This heterogeneous system had a viscosity of 4.71 log units (Pa s) and integral density of 2929 kg/m3. Such rheological properties do not contradict the possibility of the migration and emplacement of the protocumulus mush from the main Dovyren chamber. However, a more probable scenario is the localized accumulation of olivine in the trough-shaped part of the DV10 subchamber, which preceded or occurred in parallel to the accumulation of segregated sulfides.
{"title":"Geochemical Thermometry of Ore-Bearing Gabbronorites from an Apophysis of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif: Composition, Amount of Olivine, and Conditions of Sulfide Saturation in the Parental Magma","authors":"I. V. Pshenitsyn, A. A. Ariskin, S. N. Sobolev","doi":"10.1134/S0869591124010089","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0869591124010089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The temperature and compositional parameters of the parental magma of ore-bearing apophysis DV10 of the Yoko-Dovyren massif are estimated by the method of geochemical thermometry based on results of thermodynamic modeling of the equilibrium crystallization of the melts of 24 rocks. The thermometric calculations were carried out using the COMAGMAT-5.3 program with increments of 0.5 mol % to a maximum degree of crystallization 75–85%, under oxygen fugacity controlled by the QFM buffer. The model crystallization sequence of minerals was as follows: olivine (<i>Ol</i>) + Cr-Al spinel (<i>Spl</i>) → plagioclase (<i>Pl</i>) → high-Ca pyroxene (<i>Cpx</i>) → orthopyroxene (<i>Opx</i>). Silicate−sulfide immiscibility was calculated to occur mostly before the onset of plagioclase crystallization, which is consistent with initial sulfide saturation of the parental magma. The calculation results demonstrate the convergence and intersection of the model liquid lines of descent at temperatures of about 1185<sup>o</sup>C. When applied to the average composition of apophysis DV10, this temperature indicates the existence of suspension of the original crystals, including 52.1 wt % cumulus olivine (<i>Fo</i><sub>83.6</sub>), 2.3 wt % plagioclase (<i>An</i><sub>79.7</sub>), 0.24 wt % clinopyroxene (<i>Mg</i># 88.8), 1 wt % aluminochromite (<i>Cr</i># 0.62), and about 0.2% sulfide liquid in a moderately magnesian melt (53.6 wt % SiO<sub>2</sub>, 7.4 wt % MgO). Therewith the sulfur concentration at sulfide saturation (SCSS) was estimated at 0.083 wt %. This heterogeneous system had a viscosity of 4.71 log units (Pa s) and integral density of 2929 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Such rheological properties do not contradict the possibility of the migration and emplacement of the protocumulus mush from the main Dovyren chamber. However, a more probable scenario is the localized accumulation of olivine in the trough-shaped part of the DV10 subchamber, which preceded or occurred in parallel to the accumulation of segregated sulfides.</p>","PeriodicalId":20026,"journal":{"name":"Petrology","volume":"32 1","pages":"111 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}