Pest detection is a crucial aspect of rice production. Accurate and timely identification of rice pests can assist farmers in taking prompt measures for control. To enhance the precision and real-time performance of rice pest detection, this paper introduces a novel YOLOv8-SCS architecture that integrates Space-to-Depth Convolution (SPD-Conv), Context Guided block (CG block), and Slide Loss. Initially, the original algorithm’s convolutional module is improved by introducing the SPD-Conv module, which reorganises the input channel dimensions into spatial dimensions, enabling the model to capture fine-grained pest features more efficiently while maintaining a lightweight model architecture. Subsequently, the CG block module is integrated into the CSPDarknet53 to 2-Stage FPN (C2f) structure, maintaining the models lightweight nature while enhancing its feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) is refined by incorporating the Slide Loss function, which encourages the model to focus more on challenging samples during training, thereby improving the model’s generalization across various samples. To validate the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, a series of experiments were conducted on a rice pest dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the original YOLOv8 in rice pest detection, achieving an mAP of 87.9%, which is a 5.7% improvement over the original YOLOv8. The model also features a 44.1% reduction in parameter count and a decrease of 11.7 GFLOPs in computational requirements, meeting the demands for real-time detection.
{"title":"Innovative lightweight deep learning architecture for enhanced rice pest identification","authors":"Haiying Song, Yiying Yan, Shijun Deng, Cen Jian and Jianbin Xiong","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d5","url":null,"abstract":"Pest detection is a crucial aspect of rice production. Accurate and timely identification of rice pests can assist farmers in taking prompt measures for control. To enhance the precision and real-time performance of rice pest detection, this paper introduces a novel YOLOv8-SCS architecture that integrates Space-to-Depth Convolution (SPD-Conv), Context Guided block (CG block), and Slide Loss. Initially, the original algorithm’s convolutional module is improved by introducing the SPD-Conv module, which reorganises the input channel dimensions into spatial dimensions, enabling the model to capture fine-grained pest features more efficiently while maintaining a lightweight model architecture. Subsequently, the CG block module is integrated into the CSPDarknet53 to 2-Stage FPN (C2f) structure, maintaining the models lightweight nature while enhancing its feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) is refined by incorporating the Slide Loss function, which encourages the model to focus more on challenging samples during training, thereby improving the model’s generalization across various samples. To validate the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, a series of experiments were conducted on a rice pest dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the original YOLOv8 in rice pest detection, achieving an mAP of 87.9%, which is a 5.7% improvement over the original YOLOv8. The model also features a 44.1% reduction in parameter count and a decrease of 11.7 GFLOPs in computational requirements, meeting the demands for real-time detection.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d9
Jiawei Liu, Qingxia Mu, Ronghua Che, Qingle Wang, Yunguang Han and Long Cheng
Anonymous quantum communication (AQC) enables the secure transmission of quantum or classical messages between a sender and a receiver while ensuring the anonymity of their identities. Existing AQC protocols primarily address one-to-one anonymous communication. When there are multiple senders, they must send their messages sequentially to avoid collision problems. In this paper, we propose a multi-participant quantum anonymous communication (MQAC) by employing high-dimensional entangled states. In this protocol, multiple senders establish anonymous entanglement with multiple receivers of their choice and send quantum messages anonymously and simultaneously via quantum teleportation. To propose MQAC, we first present the toolbox we developed, which includes several sub-protocols such as the verification protocol, collision detection protocol, address distribution protocol, and notification protocol. These sub-protocols, which we propose, not only are important parts of MQAC but also serve as the foundation for solving many more complex tasks, such as anonymous commodity transaction. Additionally, the analysis of MQAC demonstrates that neither internal nor external attackers can steal the identities of the communication parties or the transmitted messages by employing any attack. Our work represents an original exploration of anonymous message transmission between multiple senders and receivers in quantum networks.
{"title":"Multi-participant quantum anonymous communication based on high-dimensional entangled states","authors":"Jiawei Liu, Qingxia Mu, Ronghua Che, Qingle Wang, Yunguang Han and Long Cheng","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d9","url":null,"abstract":"Anonymous quantum communication (AQC) enables the secure transmission of quantum or classical messages between a sender and a receiver while ensuring the anonymity of their identities. Existing AQC protocols primarily address one-to-one anonymous communication. When there are multiple senders, they must send their messages sequentially to avoid collision problems. In this paper, we propose a multi-participant quantum anonymous communication (MQAC) by employing high-dimensional entangled states. In this protocol, multiple senders establish anonymous entanglement with multiple receivers of their choice and send quantum messages anonymously and simultaneously via quantum teleportation. To propose MQAC, we first present the toolbox we developed, which includes several sub-protocols such as the verification protocol, collision detection protocol, address distribution protocol, and notification protocol. These sub-protocols, which we propose, not only are important parts of MQAC but also serve as the foundation for solving many more complex tasks, such as anonymous commodity transaction. Additionally, the analysis of MQAC demonstrates that neither internal nor external attackers can steal the identities of the communication parties or the transmitted messages by employing any attack. Our work represents an original exploration of anonymous message transmission between multiple senders and receivers in quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69df
Shufeng Huang, Donghua Jiang, Linqing Huang, Xiaoming Xiong, Beihai Tan and Shuting Cai
Health and medical data frequently contain sensitive patient information that must be protected. Existing visual security schemes for medical images exhibit limitations in the imperceptibility of cipher images and the performance of image reconstruction. This paper introduces and evaluates a novel approach called Visual Meaningful Image Encryption (VMIE) for securing medical images. The proposed VMIE scheme employs a chaotic system based on the Duffing equation for initial encryption. Medical images are processed and encrypted in a sparse domain. A Bidirectional Chaotic Magic Transformation (BCMT) algorithm is then applied to scramble the sparse medical images. The scrambled data undergoes compression and diffusion. An adaptive embedding strategy employing the Discrete Cosine Stockwell Transform (DCST) integrates confidential data into the host image. The performance of the proposed chaotic system is validated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Simulation results, along with comparisons to existing schemes, demonstrate the efficacy of the VMIE method in enhancing visual security and its suitability for natural images. The VMIE approach presented in this paper offers a promising solution for securing medical images, effectively addressing the limitations of current visual security schemes.
{"title":"Visually security privacy medical data protection scheme using compressive sensing and improved duffing chaotic system","authors":"Shufeng Huang, Donghua Jiang, Linqing Huang, Xiaoming Xiong, Beihai Tan and Shuting Cai","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69df","url":null,"abstract":"Health and medical data frequently contain sensitive patient information that must be protected. Existing visual security schemes for medical images exhibit limitations in the imperceptibility of cipher images and the performance of image reconstruction. This paper introduces and evaluates a novel approach called Visual Meaningful Image Encryption (VMIE) for securing medical images. The proposed VMIE scheme employs a chaotic system based on the Duffing equation for initial encryption. Medical images are processed and encrypted in a sparse domain. A Bidirectional Chaotic Magic Transformation (BCMT) algorithm is then applied to scramble the sparse medical images. The scrambled data undergoes compression and diffusion. An adaptive embedding strategy employing the Discrete Cosine Stockwell Transform (DCST) integrates confidential data into the host image. The performance of the proposed chaotic system is validated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Simulation results, along with comparisons to existing schemes, demonstrate the efficacy of the VMIE method in enhancing visual security and its suitability for natural images. The VMIE approach presented in this paper offers a promising solution for securing medical images, effectively addressing the limitations of current visual security schemes.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69dc
Amit K Chawla, Navjot Hothi, Akula Umamaheswara Rao, Archana Singh Kharb, Avaani Chanana, Kifayat H Mir, Pramod Kumar, Tarun Garg, Vipin Chawla, Ravish Jain, Charu Pant and Sanjeev Kumar
Transition metal-doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with an optimal wide band gap and semiconducting nature find numerous applications in optoelectronic devices, gas sensors, spintronic devices, and electronics. In this study, Zirconium (Zr) doped ZnO thin films were deposited on ITO (Indium Tin oxide) coated glass substrate using RF-magnetron sputtering. Optical and electrical properties were examined for their potential use in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) applications. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate structural, optical, and compositional properties and roughness respectively. The results demonstrate that the films possess crystalline properties. Additionally, an augmentation in Zr concentration correlates with an elevation in the optical band gap, ascending from 3.226 eV to 3.26 eV, accompanied by an increase in Urbach energy from 0.0826 eV to 0.1234 eV. The film with the highest Zr content among all the films demonstrated the best electrical performance for resistive memory applications. Incorporating Zr as a dopant shows enhancement in the electrical performance and such ZnO films with optimum concertation of Zr can potentially be used in RRAM. ZnO being a versatile host material, its doping with Zr may extend its applications in catalysis, gas sensing, energy storage, and biomedical engineering. ZnO thin films employ zirconium (Zr) as a dopant, which is a novel way to improve the material’s characteristics. Although ZnO has been thoroughly researched, adding Zr presents a novel technique to enhance optical, electrical, and resistive memory characteristics all at once that has not been fully investigated.
掺杂过渡金属的氧化锌（ZnO）薄膜具有最佳的宽带隙和半导体特性，在光电设备、气体传感器、自旋电子设备和电子学中应用广泛。在这项研究中，使用射频磁控溅射技术在涂有氧化铟锡的玻璃基底上沉积了掺杂锆（Zr）的氧化锌薄膜。研究人员检测了这些薄膜的光学和电学特性，以确定它们在电阻式随机存取存储器（RRAM）应用中的潜在用途。研究分别使用了 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、紫外可见光谱、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、原子力显微镜 (AFM) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 来研究薄膜的结构、光学和组成特性以及粗糙度。结果表明，薄膜具有结晶特性。此外，锆浓度的增加与光带隙的增加有关，光带隙从 3.226 eV 上升到 3.26 eV，同时厄巴赫能从 0.0826 eV 上升到 0.1234 eV。在所有薄膜中，锆含量最高的薄膜在电阻式存储器应用中表现出最佳的电气性能。将锆作为掺杂剂可提高电性能，这种具有最佳锆协同作用的氧化锌薄膜有可能用于 RRAM。氧化锌是一种用途广泛的宿主材料，掺入锆可扩展其在催化、气体传感、能量存储和生物医学工程方面的应用。氧化锌薄膜采用锆（Zr）作为掺杂剂，是改善材料特性的一种新方法。尽管对氧化锌的研究已经非常深入，但添加锆是一种同时增强光学、电学和电阻记忆特性的新技术，而这种技术尚未得到充分研究。
{"title":"Potential for multi-application advancements from doping zirconium (Zr) for improved optical, electrical, and resistive memory properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films","authors":"Amit K Chawla, Navjot Hothi, Akula Umamaheswara Rao, Archana Singh Kharb, Avaani Chanana, Kifayat H Mir, Pramod Kumar, Tarun Garg, Vipin Chawla, Ravish Jain, Charu Pant and Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69dc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69dc","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal-doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with an optimal wide band gap and semiconducting nature find numerous applications in optoelectronic devices, gas sensors, spintronic devices, and electronics. In this study, Zirconium (Zr) doped ZnO thin films were deposited on ITO (Indium Tin oxide) coated glass substrate using RF-magnetron sputtering. Optical and electrical properties were examined for their potential use in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) applications. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate structural, optical, and compositional properties and roughness respectively. The results demonstrate that the films possess crystalline properties. Additionally, an augmentation in Zr concentration correlates with an elevation in the optical band gap, ascending from 3.226 eV to 3.26 eV, accompanied by an increase in Urbach energy from 0.0826 eV to 0.1234 eV. The film with the highest Zr content among all the films demonstrated the best electrical performance for resistive memory applications. Incorporating Zr as a dopant shows enhancement in the electrical performance and such ZnO films with optimum concertation of Zr can potentially be used in RRAM. ZnO being a versatile host material, its doping with Zr may extend its applications in catalysis, gas sensing, energy storage, and biomedical engineering. ZnO thin films employ zirconium (Zr) as a dopant, which is a novel way to improve the material’s characteristics. Although ZnO has been thoroughly researched, adding Zr presents a novel technique to enhance optical, electrical, and resistive memory characteristics all at once that has not been fully investigated.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad6947
Yuan Tian, Nanyijia Zhang, Jinyong Chang and Jian Li
Based on semi-quantum cryptography and utilizing W-state, this paper introduces two semi-quantum secure direct communication (SQSDC) protocols. SQSDC1 establishes a secret two-way communication channel between a quantum participant and two classical participants. SQSDC2 achieves efficient one-way communication from a quantum user to classical users. Security analysis demonstrates the asymptotic security of the protocols, effectively resisting intercept-measure-resend attacks and entangle-measure attacks from potential eavesdroppers. The efficiency analysis indicates high communication efficiency, with SQSDC1 achieving communication efficiencies of 20%, while SQSDC2 achieves a communication efficiency of 33.33%.
本文以半量子密码学为基础，利用 W 状态，介绍了两种半量子安全直接通信（SQSDC）协议。SQSDC1 在一个量子参与者和两个经典参与者之间建立一个秘密的双向通信信道。SQSDC2 实现了量子用户与经典用户之间的高效单向通信。安全分析表明了协议的渐进安全性，能有效抵御来自潜在窃听者的拦截-测量-发送攻击和纠缠-测量攻击。效率分析表明通信效率很高，SQSDC1 的通信效率为 20%，而 SQSDC2 的通信效率为 33.33%。
{"title":"Three-party semi-quantum secure direct communication based on two communication models","authors":"Yuan Tian, Nanyijia Zhang, Jinyong Chang and Jian Li","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad6947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad6947","url":null,"abstract":"Based on semi-quantum cryptography and utilizing W-state, this paper introduces two semi-quantum secure direct communication (SQSDC) protocols. SQSDC1 establishes a secret two-way communication channel between a quantum participant and two classical participants. SQSDC2 achieves efficient one-way communication from a quantum user to classical users. Security analysis demonstrates the asymptotic security of the protocols, effectively resisting intercept-measure-resend attacks and entangle-measure attacks from potential eavesdroppers. The efficiency analysis indicates high communication efficiency, with SQSDC1 achieving communication efficiencies of 20%, while SQSDC2 achieves a communication efficiency of 33.33%.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69e3
N Idayanti, G Sugandi, T Kristiantoro, N Sudrajat, D Mulyadi, A Nuruddin, Dedi and A Manaf
This study explores the impact of particle structure on the magnetic properties of SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites. The investigation focuses on variations in particle sizes of SrFe12O19 (SHF) and CoFe2O4 (COF) with a mass ratio of 80:20, considering micro-scale poly-crystallite particles (Pp) and nano-scale mono-crystallite particles (Mp). Four sample structures (COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4) were prepared, each with different combinations of poly-crystallite and mono-crystallite particles. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed consistent grain shape and size post-sintering. Magnetic properties analysis using Permagraph indicated that grain fineness and uniformity influence the resulting magnetic properties, with composite samples featuring nano-sized hard or soft phases showing improved Mr, Ms, and (BH)max values compared to individual phases. The nanocomposite sample COM4, characterized by fine and uniform particle size, exhibited the highest remanence magnetization, Mr (34.55 emu g−1), saturation magnetization, Ms (66.44 emu g−1), and the maximum energy product, (BH)max (1.17 MGOe).
{"title":"Understanding magnetic interactions in SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites: role of particle structure on exchange spring magnet behaviour","authors":"N Idayanti, G Sugandi, T Kristiantoro, N Sudrajat, D Mulyadi, A Nuruddin, Dedi and A Manaf","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69e3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69e3","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of particle structure on the magnetic properties of SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites. The investigation focuses on variations in particle sizes of SrFe12O19 (SHF) and CoFe2O4 (COF) with a mass ratio of 80:20, considering micro-scale poly-crystallite particles (Pp) and nano-scale mono-crystallite particles (Mp). Four sample structures (COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4) were prepared, each with different combinations of poly-crystallite and mono-crystallite particles. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed consistent grain shape and size post-sintering. Magnetic properties analysis using Permagraph indicated that grain fineness and uniformity influence the resulting magnetic properties, with composite samples featuring nano-sized hard or soft phases showing improved Mr, Ms, and (BH)max values compared to individual phases. The nanocomposite sample COM4, characterized by fine and uniform particle size, exhibited the highest remanence magnetization, Mr (34.55 emu g−1), saturation magnetization, Ms (66.44 emu g−1), and the maximum energy product, (BH)max (1.17 MGOe).","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad693b
S Khan and Z Yousaf
This paper discusses the construction of non-commutative geometry based self-gravitational droplets or fuzzy black holes (BHs) within the context of exponential-f(R) gravity model , where β is a parameter with units [length2]. Considering the Einasto density profile, a generalization of the Gaussian profile, we extend the noncommutative-inspired mini BH metric to incorporate dark matter (DM) as a constituent of the BH. We investigate various Einasto DM fuzzy objects filled with anisotropic fluid content, considering different values of the shape parameter and rescaled mass. This study investigates the possibility of stable self-gravitational compact objects with fuzzy mass distributions inspired by a well-known DM profile, the Einasto parametrization. These intriguing astrophysical configurations fall into three categories: fuzzy self-gravitational droplets with no event horizon, and fuzzy black holes featuring either one or two horizons. It is important to highlight that all these astrophysical entities are solutions derived from the exponential-f(R) gravity model. The corresponding effective potentials exhibit a significant resemblance to the effective potential of the classical Schwarzschild Black Hole located at the center of the Galaxy. Specifically, we investigate the potential for these black holes to serve as central galactic entities.
{"title":"Construction of fuzzy black holes and self-gravitational droplets in exponential f(R) gravity","authors":"S Khan and Z Yousaf","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad693b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad693b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the construction of non-commutative geometry based self-gravitational droplets or fuzzy black holes (BHs) within the context of exponential-f(R) gravity model , where β is a parameter with units [length2]. Considering the Einasto density profile, a generalization of the Gaussian profile, we extend the noncommutative-inspired mini BH metric to incorporate dark matter (DM) as a constituent of the BH. We investigate various Einasto DM fuzzy objects filled with anisotropic fluid content, considering different values of the shape parameter and rescaled mass. This study investigates the possibility of stable self-gravitational compact objects with fuzzy mass distributions inspired by a well-known DM profile, the Einasto parametrization. These intriguing astrophysical configurations fall into three categories: fuzzy self-gravitational droplets with no event horizon, and fuzzy black holes featuring either one or two horizons. It is important to highlight that all these astrophysical entities are solutions derived from the exponential-f(R) gravity model. The corresponding effective potentials exhibit a significant resemblance to the effective potential of the classical Schwarzschild Black Hole located at the center of the Galaxy. Specifically, we investigate the potential for these black holes to serve as central galactic entities.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d0
Anju Dagar and Yogita Batra
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much interest due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Affordable, accessible, and efficient solar energy is crucial for a sustainable and clean future. In this article, we optimized PSC efficiency and performance with an interlayer (IL) of Bi2Te3 (BT). Cell performance and efficiency were improved by incorporating BT IL with varied thicknesses. BT IL promotes electron transport while protecting the underlying structure from chemical instability, improving device performance. This simple and low-cost technology for producing efficient and stable all-inorganic PSC holds considerable potential as a next-generation renewable energy source. The main focus is optimizing all-inorganic PSC using Solar Cell Simulator Capacitance software (SCAPS). We systematically explore the influence of BT thickness and defect densities on the device performance. The impact of charge carrier transport and overall photovoltaic performance is studied. Our findings reveal that introducing the BT IL leads to improved charge extraction, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced stability in the PSC. The optimized device configuration significantly enhances PCE compared to reference devices without BT IL. This study provides valuable insights into the potential use of BT ILs as a strategy to boost the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
过氧化物太阳能电池（PSC）因其高功率转换效率（PCE）而备受关注。可负担、可获得的高效太阳能对于可持续发展的清洁未来至关重要。在本文中，我们利用 Bi2Te3（BT）中间层（IL）优化了 PSC 的效率和性能。通过加入不同厚度的 BT IL，电池的性能和效率得到了改善。BT IL 可促进电子传输，同时保护底层结构免受化学不稳定性的影响，从而提高器件性能。这种生产高效、稳定的全无机 PSC 的简单、低成本技术具有作为下一代可再生能源的巨大潜力。主要重点是利用太阳能电池模拟器电容软件（SCAPS）优化全无机 PSC。我们系统地探讨了 BT 厚度和缺陷密度对器件性能的影响。我们研究了电荷载流子传输和整体光伏性能的影响。我们的研究结果表明，引入 BT IL 可改善电荷提取、减少重组损耗并增强 PSC 的稳定性。与不含 BT IL 的参考器件相比，优化的器件配置大大提高了 PCE。这项研究为潜在使用 BT IL 作为提高 PSC 效率和稳定性的策略提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Enhancing efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells with Bi2Te3 interlayer: insights from SCAPS simulation","authors":"Anju Dagar and Yogita Batra","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d0","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much interest due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Affordable, accessible, and efficient solar energy is crucial for a sustainable and clean future. In this article, we optimized PSC efficiency and performance with an interlayer (IL) of Bi2Te3 (BT). Cell performance and efficiency were improved by incorporating BT IL with varied thicknesses. BT IL promotes electron transport while protecting the underlying structure from chemical instability, improving device performance. This simple and low-cost technology for producing efficient and stable all-inorganic PSC holds considerable potential as a next-generation renewable energy source. The main focus is optimizing all-inorganic PSC using Solar Cell Simulator Capacitance software (SCAPS). We systematically explore the influence of BT thickness and defect densities on the device performance. The impact of charge carrier transport and overall photovoltaic performance is studied. Our findings reveal that introducing the BT IL leads to improved charge extraction, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced stability in the PSC. The optimized device configuration significantly enhances PCE compared to reference devices without BT IL. This study provides valuable insights into the potential use of BT ILs as a strategy to boost the efficiency and stability of PSCs.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d2
Khandakar Alif Abdur Nur, Md Sakib Hasan Khan and Md Rafiqul Islam
Anthropogenic gasses are very detrimental, requiring superior sensitive and selective materials to sense and segregate them. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) tools we have explored the sensitivity and selectivity of CO2, CO, NH3, NO2, H2S, and SO2 gases in the promising group-III Janus Ga2SSe and In2SSe nanostructured materials. We have explored all the possible adsorption sites in the Ga2SSe and In2SSe monolayer for sensing the gases and found that all the gasses are physisorbed in the sites with the lowest adsorption energy of −0.392 eV (−0.167 eV) for NH3 (NO2) on top of Indium (on the bridge-3 site) site of In2SSe (Ga2SSe). All adsorbed gasses significantly alter the bandgap of Ga2SSe and In2SSe from their pristine value and NO2-adsorbed M2SSe (M = Ga, In) structure exhibits significant bandgap changes: ∼0.16 eV reduction in Ga2SSe and ∼0.3 eV reduction in In2SSe from the pristine value, signifying substantial increase in conductivity. Additionally, analyzing the total density of states (TDOS), it can be concluded that NH3 at the Indium site of In2SSe and NO2 at the Bridge-3 site of Ga2SSe exhibit the most significant conductivity changes. Considering charge transfer, it is determined that 0.727 e/Å−3 of charge is transferred from In2SSe to NH3, while 1.05 e/Å−3 of charge is transferred from Ga2SSe to NO2 gas molecules, inferring that both NH3 and NO2 act as electron acceptors. Through this analysis, we found that NH3 is very selective on In2SSe while NO2 is selective on Ga2SSe Janus materials among the control gasses. This selectivity toward NH3 (NO2) gas on In2SSe (Ga2SSe) Janus material can open the new possibility of these materials for noxious gas sensing as well as NO2 utilization applications.
{"title":"Superior selectivity for NH3 (NO2) gas molecules in In2SSe (Ga2SSe) Janus materials: a first-principles study","authors":"Khandakar Alif Abdur Nur, Md Sakib Hasan Khan and Md Rafiqul Islam","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d2","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic gasses are very detrimental, requiring superior sensitive and selective materials to sense and segregate them. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) tools we have explored the sensitivity and selectivity of CO2, CO, NH3, NO2, H2S, and SO2 gases in the promising group-III Janus Ga2SSe and In2SSe nanostructured materials. We have explored all the possible adsorption sites in the Ga2SSe and In2SSe monolayer for sensing the gases and found that all the gasses are physisorbed in the sites with the lowest adsorption energy of −0.392 eV (−0.167 eV) for NH3 (NO2) on top of Indium (on the bridge-3 site) site of In2SSe (Ga2SSe). All adsorbed gasses significantly alter the bandgap of Ga2SSe and In2SSe from their pristine value and NO2-adsorbed M2SSe (M = Ga, In) structure exhibits significant bandgap changes: ∼0.16 eV reduction in Ga2SSe and ∼0.3 eV reduction in In2SSe from the pristine value, signifying substantial increase in conductivity. Additionally, analyzing the total density of states (TDOS), it can be concluded that NH3 at the Indium site of In2SSe and NO2 at the Bridge-3 site of Ga2SSe exhibit the most significant conductivity changes. Considering charge transfer, it is determined that 0.727 e/Å−3 of charge is transferred from In2SSe to NH3, while 1.05 e/Å−3 of charge is transferred from Ga2SSe to NO2 gas molecules, inferring that both NH3 and NO2 act as electron acceptors. Through this analysis, we found that NH3 is very selective on In2SSe while NO2 is selective on Ga2SSe Janus materials among the control gasses. This selectivity toward NH3 (NO2) gas on In2SSe (Ga2SSe) Janus material can open the new possibility of these materials for noxious gas sensing as well as NO2 utilization applications.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d3
M A Valuyan
This paper presents comprehensive calculations for thermal and first-order radiative corrections to the Casimir energy in systems involving self-interacting massive and massless scalar fields coupled with æther in a fifth compact dimension. The method used to compute the radiative correction to the Casimir energy differs from conventional approaches by applying a unique renormalization scheme that is consistent with specific boundary conditions or backgrounds. Despite this divergence from conventional methodologies, our results demonstrate consistency within established physical limits. Furthermore, employing a toy model, we calculated the total Casimir energy density in the bulk, taking into account both thermal and radiative corrections. We also provide a thorough characterization of the total Casimir energy density in the compact dimension, detailing its magnitude and sign using graphical representations and quantitative data.
{"title":"Æther coupling effects on casimir energy for self-interacting scalar field within extra dimension","authors":"M A Valuyan","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad69d3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents comprehensive calculations for thermal and first-order radiative corrections to the Casimir energy in systems involving self-interacting massive and massless scalar fields coupled with æther in a fifth compact dimension. The method used to compute the radiative correction to the Casimir energy differs from conventional approaches by applying a unique renormalization scheme that is consistent with specific boundary conditions or backgrounds. Despite this divergence from conventional methodologies, our results demonstrate consistency within established physical limits. Furthermore, employing a toy model, we calculated the total Casimir energy density in the bulk, taking into account both thermal and radiative corrections. We also provide a thorough characterization of the total Casimir energy density in the compact dimension, detailing its magnitude and sign using graphical representations and quantitative data.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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