Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad685f
Xinyao Chen, Linfeng He, Chunqian Zhang, Jin Cheng, Yuan Liu and Junming Li
The preparation of a high-performance hole transport layer is a pivotal factor in achieving efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells. 2,2’,7,7’-Tetrakis[N, N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]−9,9’-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) currently stands as the most widely employed hole transport material in high-performance perovskite solar cells. The current methodologies for its preparation primarily revolve around three techniques: O2 oxidation, cobalt salt doping, and CO2 bubbled doping. In this study, we systematically investigated and analyzed Spiro-OMeTAD prepared through these three methods, from solution and film to device. The CO2-bubbled method and Co-doped method allow for faster and more complete oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD while maintaining conductivity and energy level matching. Therefore, the film of both methods shows better carrier extract capabilities and defect states than that of O2-oxidized. In particular, the film of the CO2-bubbled method had better hydrophobicity and thermal stability, showing the least degradation at 85 °C annealing, which can be attributed to the removal of hydrophilic Li+. This study could inspire further optimization of Spiro-OMeTAD film fabrication processes in perovskite solar cells.
制备高性能空穴传输层是实现高效、稳定的过氧化物太阳能电池的关键因素。2,2',7,7'-四[N,N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9,9'-螺二芴（Spiro-OMeTAD）目前是高性能过氧化物太阳能电池中最广泛使用的空穴传输材料。目前的制备方法主要围绕三种技术：氧气氧化、钴盐掺杂和二氧化碳气泡掺杂。在本研究中，我们系统地研究和分析了通过这三种方法制备的斯派罗-OMeTAD，从溶液、薄膜到器件。二氧化碳气泡法和掺杂 Co 的方法可以更快、更完全地氧化螺-OMeTAD，同时保持导电性和能级匹配。因此，与 O2- 氧化法相比，这两种方法的薄膜显示出更好的载流子萃取能力和缺陷状态。尤其是二氧化碳气泡法的薄膜具有更好的疏水性和热稳定性，在 85 °C 退火条件下降解程度最小，这可能是由于亲水性 Li+ 的去除。这项研究有助于进一步优化过氧化物太阳能电池中螺-OMeTAD 薄膜的制造工艺。
{"title":"Understanding different oxidation methods for the hole transport layer Spiro-OMeTAD to improve perovskite solar cell performance","authors":"Xinyao Chen, Linfeng He, Chunqian Zhang, Jin Cheng, Yuan Liu and Junming Li","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad685f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad685f","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of a high-performance hole transport layer is a pivotal factor in achieving efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells. 2,2’,7,7’-Tetrakis[N, N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]−9,9’-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) currently stands as the most widely employed hole transport material in high-performance perovskite solar cells. The current methodologies for its preparation primarily revolve around three techniques: O2 oxidation, cobalt salt doping, and CO2 bubbled doping. In this study, we systematically investigated and analyzed Spiro-OMeTAD prepared through these three methods, from solution and film to device. The CO2-bubbled method and Co-doped method allow for faster and more complete oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD while maintaining conductivity and energy level matching. Therefore, the film of both methods shows better carrier extract capabilities and defect states than that of O2-oxidized. In particular, the film of the CO2-bubbled method had better hydrophobicity and thermal stability, showing the least degradation at 85 °C annealing, which can be attributed to the removal of hydrophilic Li+. This study could inspire further optimization of Spiro-OMeTAD film fabrication processes in perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad67b2
Hui-Xian Meng, Yu Zhang, Xing-Yan Fan, Jie Zhou, Wei-Min Shang and Jing-Ling Chen
No matter for a scientific or technological reason, constructing Bell inequalities for multi-partite and high-dimensional systems is a significant task. The Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskiĭ-Klyshko (MABK) inequality is expressed in the form of iteration formula and correlation functions, and is the generalization of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality to multi-partite cases. In the sense of detecting the nonlocality of the noisy maximally entangled states with the most white noises for the corresponding quantum system, the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality, expressed in the joint probabilities form, is the high-dimensional analogue of the Clauser-Horne (CH) inequalities on joint probabilities. In the sense of detecting the nonlocality of the noisy Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states with the most white noises for the n-qudit system, it is a challenging task to construct the multi-partite analogue of the CGLMP inequality with iteration formula and correlation functions. In this paper, we generalize the multi-component correlation functions [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)] for bipartite d-dimensional systems to n-partite d-dimensional ones, introduce the general full-correlated multi-component Bell function , and construct the corresponding Bell inequality. By this way, we can reproduce both the CGLMP inequality and the Bell inequality in [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)] for the case n = 2, and the MABK inequality for the case d = 2. Inspired by the iteration formula form of the MABK inequality, we prove that for prime d the general Bell function can be reformulated by iterating two Bell functions . As applications, for prime d, confined to the unbiased symmetric (d × 2)-port beam splitters and the noisy n-qudit GHZ states, we recover the most robust Bell inequalities for small n and d, such as for the (3, 2, 3), (4, 2, 3), (5, 2, 3), and (3, 2, 5) Bell scenarios, with the iteration formula and the most robust Bell inequalities for the (2, 2, d) scenario. This implies that the iteration formula is an efficient way of constructing the multi-partite analogues of the CGLMP inequality with correlation functions. In addition, we also give some new Bell inequalities with the same robustness but inequivalent to the known ones.
无论出于科学还是技术原因，构建多方和高维系统的贝尔不等式都是一项重要任务。Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskiĭ-Klyshko（MABK）不等式以迭代公式和相关函数的形式表达，是 Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt （CHSH）不等式在多对偶情况下的推广。在检测相应量子系统中白噪声最大的纠缠态的非局域性意义上，以联合概率形式表示的柯林斯-吉辛-林登-马萨-波佩斯库（CGLMP）不等式是联合概率上的克劳瑟-霍恩（CH）不等式的高维类似形式。从检测 n-qudit 系统中具有最多白噪声的 Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) 噪声态的非局域性的意义上讲，用迭代公式和相关函数来构造 CGLMP 不等式的多方类比是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文将双位 d 维系统的多分量相关函数 [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)]推广到 n 位 d 维系统，引入一般的全相关多分量贝尔函数 ，并构造相应的贝尔不等式。受 MABK 不等式迭代公式形式的启发，我们证明对于质数 d，一般贝尔函数可以通过迭代两个贝尔函数来重新表述。作为应用，对于质数 d，仅限于无偏对称（d × 2）端口分光器和有噪声的 n-qudit GHZ 状态，我们恢复了小 n 和 d 的最稳健贝尔不等式，如 (3，2，3)、(4，2，3)、(5，2，3) 和 (3，2，5) 贝尔情况下的迭代公式和 (2，2，d) 情况下的最稳健贝尔不等式。这意味着迭代公式是构建具有相关函数的 CGLMP 不等式的多方类似式的有效方法。此外，我们还给出了一些具有相同稳健性但与已知不等式不等的新贝尔不等式。
{"title":"The iteration formula of (n, 2, d) full-correlated multi-component Bell function and its applications","authors":"Hui-Xian Meng, Yu Zhang, Xing-Yan Fan, Jie Zhou, Wei-Min Shang and Jing-Ling Chen","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad67b2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad67b2","url":null,"abstract":"No matter for a scientific or technological reason, constructing Bell inequalities for multi-partite and high-dimensional systems is a significant task. The Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskiĭ-Klyshko (MABK) inequality is expressed in the form of iteration formula and correlation functions, and is the generalization of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality to multi-partite cases. In the sense of detecting the nonlocality of the noisy maximally entangled states with the most white noises for the corresponding quantum system, the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality, expressed in the joint probabilities form, is the high-dimensional analogue of the Clauser-Horne (CH) inequalities on joint probabilities. In the sense of detecting the nonlocality of the noisy Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states with the most white noises for the n-qudit system, it is a challenging task to construct the multi-partite analogue of the CGLMP inequality with iteration formula and correlation functions. In this paper, we generalize the multi-component correlation functions [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)] for bipartite d-dimensional systems to n-partite d-dimensional ones, introduce the general full-correlated multi-component Bell function , and construct the corresponding Bell inequality. By this way, we can reproduce both the CGLMP inequality and the Bell inequality in [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)] for the case n = 2, and the MABK inequality for the case d = 2. Inspired by the iteration formula form of the MABK inequality, we prove that for prime d the general Bell function can be reformulated by iterating two Bell functions . As applications, for prime d, confined to the unbiased symmetric (d × 2)-port beam splitters and the noisy n-qudit GHZ states, we recover the most robust Bell inequalities for small n and d, such as for the (3, 2, 3), (4, 2, 3), (5, 2, 3), and (3, 2, 5) Bell scenarios, with the iteration formula and the most robust Bell inequalities for the (2, 2, d) scenario. This implies that the iteration formula is an efficient way of constructing the multi-partite analogues of the CGLMP inequality with correlation functions. In addition, we also give some new Bell inequalities with the same robustness but inequivalent to the known ones.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad6941
Amirhossein Farajollahi and Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi
Phononic crystals represent an interesting class of metamaterials that can be utilized to regulate or manipulate vibration, sound propagation, and thermal transport. Their useful features mainly arise from the bandgaps in their dispersion curves, preventing the passage of waves within specific frequency ranges. However, it is often costly and time-consuming to obtain the dispersion curves, and the reverse engineering of phononic crystals to have pre-defined bandgaps possesses even greater challenges. In this research, we address this issue by employing a deep artificial neural network to predict the bandgap ratio and the characteristics of plausible bandgaps, focusing on the localized resonance in columnar phononic crystals. We utilized two geometric parameters, i. e. the ratio of diameter and height of the cylindrical resonators relative to the lattice constant, achieving a determination coefficient of 0.9993 for predicting the characteristics of the bandgaps and 0.9827 for predicting the bandgap ratio. To verify the model and better understand its behavior, we introduce Shapley values. These values provide a comprehensive insight into how each geometric parameter influences the predicted bandgap ratios.
{"title":"Deep learning of plausible bandgaps in dispersion curves of phononic crystals","authors":"Amirhossein Farajollahi and Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad6941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad6941","url":null,"abstract":"Phononic crystals represent an interesting class of metamaterials that can be utilized to regulate or manipulate vibration, sound propagation, and thermal transport. Their useful features mainly arise from the bandgaps in their dispersion curves, preventing the passage of waves within specific frequency ranges. However, it is often costly and time-consuming to obtain the dispersion curves, and the reverse engineering of phononic crystals to have pre-defined bandgaps possesses even greater challenges. In this research, we address this issue by employing a deep artificial neural network to predict the bandgap ratio and the characteristics of plausible bandgaps, focusing on the localized resonance in columnar phononic crystals. We utilized two geometric parameters, i. e. the ratio of diameter and height of the cylindrical resonators relative to the lattice constant, achieving a determination coefficient of 0.9993 for predicting the characteristics of the bandgaps and 0.9827 for predicting the bandgap ratio. To verify the model and better understand its behavior, we introduce Shapley values. These values provide a comprehensive insight into how each geometric parameter influences the predicted bandgap ratios.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad693a
Pucheng Wu, Langkun Wang and Hu He
A micro actuator based on magnetic composite materials can control its deformation and movement through varying magnetic fields, showcasing significant applications in fields such as soft robotics and biomedicine. However, existing magnetic composite materials still require complex magnetization processes involving sophisticated equipment and demanding external magnetic fields. This paper proposed a low-cost, thermally-assisted magnetization process based on permanent magnets. It was observed that the maximum magnetic induction intensity on the surface of magnetic composites is linearly correlated with the heating temperature. Additionally, magnetically treated materials at elevated temperatures can achieve traditional high-field magnetization effects at lower field strengths. Specifically, we synthesized a magnetic composite with 50%wt NdFeB@PDMS and investigated the conditions of the thermally-assisted magnetization process based on permanent magnets, along with mechanical and magnetic performance characterization methods. Experimental results indicate that below 200 °C, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the base material increase with rising temperatures, demonstrating a trend of high-temperature hardening. However, when the temperature exceeds 200 °C, the elevated temperature leads to the decomposition of the base material, resulting in a rapid decrease in the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the magnetic composite. Furthermore, high temperatures can disrupt the magnetic domains of the magnetic material, reducing its coercive force and making it more susceptible to external magnetic fields and heat, thereby compromising the stability of the magnetic material. These findings provide new insights into the development of more stable and controllable magnetic composite materials.
基于磁性复合材料的微型致动器可通过不同的磁场控制其变形和运动，在软机器人和生物医学等领域有着重要的应用前景。然而，现有的磁性复合材料仍然需要复杂的磁化过程，涉及精密的设备和苛刻的外部磁场。本文提出了一种基于永磁体的低成本热辅助磁化工艺。研究发现，磁性复合材料表面的最大磁感应强度与加热温度呈线性相关。此外，在高温下进行磁处理的材料可以在较低的磁场强度下实现传统的高场磁化效果。具体而言，我们合成了一种含 50%wt NdFeB@PDMS 的磁性复合材料，并研究了基于永磁体的热辅助磁化过程的条件以及机械和磁性能表征方法。实验结果表明，在 200 °C 以下，基体材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量随温度升高而增加，显示出高温硬化的趋势。然而，当温度超过 200 ℃ 时，升高的温度会导致基体材料分解，从而导致磁性复合材料的抗拉强度和弹性模量迅速下降。此外，高温会破坏磁性材料的磁畴，降低其矫顽力，使其更容易受到外部磁场和热量的影响，从而损害磁性材料的稳定性。这些发现为开发更稳定、更可控的磁性复合材料提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Thermally-assisted magnetization of magnetic composites for enhanced micro actuator performance: a low-cost approach using permanent magnets","authors":"Pucheng Wu, Langkun Wang and Hu He","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad693a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad693a","url":null,"abstract":"A micro actuator based on magnetic composite materials can control its deformation and movement through varying magnetic fields, showcasing significant applications in fields such as soft robotics and biomedicine. However, existing magnetic composite materials still require complex magnetization processes involving sophisticated equipment and demanding external magnetic fields. This paper proposed a low-cost, thermally-assisted magnetization process based on permanent magnets. It was observed that the maximum magnetic induction intensity on the surface of magnetic composites is linearly correlated with the heating temperature. Additionally, magnetically treated materials at elevated temperatures can achieve traditional high-field magnetization effects at lower field strengths. Specifically, we synthesized a magnetic composite with 50%wt NdFeB@PDMS and investigated the conditions of the thermally-assisted magnetization process based on permanent magnets, along with mechanical and magnetic performance characterization methods. Experimental results indicate that below 200 °C, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the base material increase with rising temperatures, demonstrating a trend of high-temperature hardening. However, when the temperature exceeds 200 °C, the elevated temperature leads to the decomposition of the base material, resulting in a rapid decrease in the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the magnetic composite. Furthermore, high temperatures can disrupt the magnetic domains of the magnetic material, reducing its coercive force and making it more susceptible to external magnetic fields and heat, thereby compromising the stability of the magnetic material. These findings provide new insights into the development of more stable and controllable magnetic composite materials.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad6943
Maoye Yin, Dong Fan, Xiangyang Tan, Zhihao Wang, Hengshuai Li, Haiquan Hu, Zhaogang Nie, Feng Guo, Zhenbao Feng, Jun Li, Dong Zhang, Minghui Zhu, Keyuan Wang and Fei Wang
The electronic properties of h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons were calculated using the first principles method. Three states of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and paramagnetic coupling were set. The energy of the ferromagnetic coupling state was found to be the lowest, indicating that the final stable state was the ferromagnetic coupling state. The thermodynamic stability was also verified in the ferromagnetic coupling state. The h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons itself is magnetic with a magnetic moment of 2 and is a direct narrow band gap semiconductor material. In order to change the electronic properties, six different atoms (B, C, N, Al, Si, P) were adsorbed in the h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbon, and their band structure and charge density were studied. The results show that the adsorption of different atoms in h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons will produce different results. Among them, the adsorption of N and P atoms changes its properties from a semiconductor to a half-metal, which can generate a 100% polarized current in the Fermi surface. This provides more development directions for spintronics devices.
{"title":"Light elements adsorption modulates the electronic structure of h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons","authors":"Maoye Yin, Dong Fan, Xiangyang Tan, Zhihao Wang, Hengshuai Li, Haiquan Hu, Zhaogang Nie, Feng Guo, Zhenbao Feng, Jun Li, Dong Zhang, Minghui Zhu, Keyuan Wang and Fei Wang","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad6943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad6943","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic properties of h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons were calculated using the first principles method. Three states of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and paramagnetic coupling were set. The energy of the ferromagnetic coupling state was found to be the lowest, indicating that the final stable state was the ferromagnetic coupling state. The thermodynamic stability was also verified in the ferromagnetic coupling state. The h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons itself is magnetic with a magnetic moment of 2 and is a direct narrow band gap semiconductor material. In order to change the electronic properties, six different atoms (B, C, N, Al, Si, P) were adsorbed in the h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbon, and their band structure and charge density were studied. The results show that the adsorption of different atoms in h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons will produce different results. Among them, the adsorption of N and P atoms changes its properties from a semiconductor to a half-metal, which can generate a 100% polarized current in the Fermi surface. This provides more development directions for spintronics devices.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad68d9
E Kavak, M M Cicek, S Saritas and B Emre
This study examines the impact of substituting Si for Mn on the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni43Mn46−xSixIn11 (x = 0.3 and 0.6) alloys. To this end, a range of analytical techniques are employed, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), room temperature x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and magnetization measurements. Above the martensitic transition temperature, the Ni43Mn46−xSixIn11 alloys exhibit cubic L21 (space group FM-3M). Below this temperature they adopt a tetragonal L10 (space group I4/mmm). The martensitic transition temperature decreased when Si is substituted for Mn. The magnetic field-induced entropy change is calculated from magnetic field-dependent magnetization measurements using Maxwell’s equations. The maximum magnetic field-induced entropy changes for Ni43.16Mn45.56Si0.29In11 and Ni43.51Mn44.82Si0.59In11 alloys are calculated 8.20 J kg−1K−1 and 3.15 J kg−1 K−1, respectively, in the vicinity of the magnetostructural phase transition for a magnetic field change of 18 kOe. It is demonstrated that the temperature differential between the high-temperature austenite phase's Curie point (TC) and the mean martensitic transformation temperature (TM), namely (TM-TC), influences the martensitic transition temperatures and, consequently, on the magnetic field-induced entropy change (ΔSM).
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of martensitic phase transition temperature and Curie temperature difference on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties under low magnetic field on Si-doped Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloys","authors":"E Kavak, M M Cicek, S Saritas and B Emre","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad68d9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad68d9","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of substituting Si for Mn on the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni43Mn46−xSixIn11 (x = 0.3 and 0.6) alloys. To this end, a range of analytical techniques are employed, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), room temperature x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and magnetization measurements. Above the martensitic transition temperature, the Ni43Mn46−xSixIn11 alloys exhibit cubic L21 (space group FM-3M). Below this temperature they adopt a tetragonal L10 (space group I4/mmm). The martensitic transition temperature decreased when Si is substituted for Mn. The magnetic field-induced entropy change is calculated from magnetic field-dependent magnetization measurements using Maxwell’s equations. The maximum magnetic field-induced entropy changes for Ni43.16Mn45.56Si0.29In11 and Ni43.51Mn44.82Si0.59In11 alloys are calculated 8.20 J kg−1K−1 and 3.15 J kg−1 K−1, respectively, in the vicinity of the magnetostructural phase transition for a magnetic field change of 18 kOe. It is demonstrated that the temperature differential between the high-temperature austenite phase's Curie point (TC) and the mean martensitic transformation temperature (TM), namely (TM-TC), influences the martensitic transition temperatures and, consequently, on the magnetic field-induced entropy change (ΔSM).","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad693d
Mona Mehrabani, M E Ghazi and Morteza Izadifard
In this research, BaFe12O19/GO (GO:10, 20, 40, and 50 wt%) nanocomposites were synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion method and their structural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties were investigated. The x-ray diffraction results for all nanocomposites validate the formation of a hexagonal phase of Ba hexaferrite. The crystallite size decreased with incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) in the hexaferrite phase and making the nanocomposites. In the FESEM analysis, a change in the surface morphology was observed with an increase in the percentage of GO for samples BFO-40GO and BFO-50GO. The band gap energy of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing the amount of the graphene oxide. Measurements of the magnetic hysteresis loop for all nanocomposites were conducted using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. By increasing the percentage of GO, a decrease in the saturation magnetization was observed for the samples. A decrease in dielectric constant and loss function were also detected at low frequencies when the GO continent goes up. The nanocomposite sample of BFO-40GO exhibited the highest observed value for real part of the Modulus.
本研究采用溶胶-凝胶自燃法合成了 BaFe12O19/GO（GO:10、20、40 和 50 wt%）纳米复合材料，并研究了它们的结构、光学、磁学和介电性能。所有纳米复合材料的 X 射线衍射结果都验证了 Ba 六铁氧体六方相的形成。随着氧化石墨烯（GO）在六方铁氧体相中的加入和纳米复合材料的形成，晶体尺寸减小。在 FESEM 分析中，BFO-40GO 和 BFO-50GO 样品的表面形貌随着 GO 百分比的增加而发生了变化。纳米复合材料的带隙能随着氧化石墨烯含量的增加而降低。使用振动样品磁力计在室温下测量了所有纳米复合材料的磁滞回线。随着氧化石墨烯比例的增加，样品的饱和磁化率有所下降。当 GO 的含量增加时，还检测到低频下介电常数和损耗函数的降低。BFO-40GO 纳米复合材料样品的实际模量值最高。
{"title":"Influence of GO content on the optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of the BaFe12O19/GO nanocomposites","authors":"Mona Mehrabani, M E Ghazi and Morteza Izadifard","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad693d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad693d","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, BaFe12O19/GO (GO:10, 20, 40, and 50 wt%) nanocomposites were synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion method and their structural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties were investigated. The x-ray diffraction results for all nanocomposites validate the formation of a hexagonal phase of Ba hexaferrite. The crystallite size decreased with incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) in the hexaferrite phase and making the nanocomposites. In the FESEM analysis, a change in the surface morphology was observed with an increase in the percentage of GO for samples BFO-40GO and BFO-50GO. The band gap energy of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing the amount of the graphene oxide. Measurements of the magnetic hysteresis loop for all nanocomposites were conducted using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. By increasing the percentage of GO, a decrease in the saturation magnetization was observed for the samples. A decrease in dielectric constant and loss function were also detected at low frequencies when the GO continent goes up. The nanocomposite sample of BFO-40GO exhibited the highest observed value for real part of the Modulus.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad68db
Dongdong Liu, Lidong Zhang, Mengxiao Zhang and Hongquan Zhang
To solve the problems of low sound pressure sensitivity and narrow operating bandwidth of hydrophones, this paper proposes a MEMS piezoelectric hydrophone with a corrugated structure substrate. This design is improved from two aspects, on the one hand, the MEMS technology is used to make the aluminum oxide substrate into a corrugated structure, the corrugated structure can make the hydrophone work with better linearity, and at the same time broaden the hydrophone’s operating bandwidth; on the other hand, the array design is utilized to improve the sound pressure sensitivity by integrating four identical sensitive cores in the same piece of hydrophone. The test results show that the sound pressure sensitivity of the MEMS piezoelectric hydrophone of this design is better than −207.6 dB in the operating bandwidth of 10 ∼ 3800 Hz, and reaches the highest −195.5 dB sound pressure sensitivity at the input signal frequency of 2500 Hz.
{"title":"A MEMS piezoelectric hydrophone with high sensitivity and wide bandwidth","authors":"Dongdong Liu, Lidong Zhang, Mengxiao Zhang and Hongquan Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad68db","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad68db","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the problems of low sound pressure sensitivity and narrow operating bandwidth of hydrophones, this paper proposes a MEMS piezoelectric hydrophone with a corrugated structure substrate. This design is improved from two aspects, on the one hand, the MEMS technology is used to make the aluminum oxide substrate into a corrugated structure, the corrugated structure can make the hydrophone work with better linearity, and at the same time broaden the hydrophone’s operating bandwidth; on the other hand, the array design is utilized to improve the sound pressure sensitivity by integrating four identical sensitive cores in the same piece of hydrophone. The test results show that the sound pressure sensitivity of the MEMS piezoelectric hydrophone of this design is better than −207.6 dB in the operating bandwidth of 10 ∼ 3800 Hz, and reaches the highest −195.5 dB sound pressure sensitivity at the input signal frequency of 2500 Hz.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad68dc
Wenli Guo, Hua Chen, Anneng Yang, Xin Li and Yu Wang
Economical converters are the key component for the industrial applications of thermophotovoltaic technology. In this work thin film GaSb cells are demonstrated for broadband thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. It is shown that n-on-p configuration is a superior choice for thin film cell due to its larger accessible efficiency. Under the illumination of unshaped blackbody spectrum, the matched spectrum temperature for GaSb thin film cells should be in the range of 2000∼2600 K, With those matched spectra, the optimal GaSb thin film can achieve the efficiency up to 8% or so with VOC = 0.55 V, FF = 0.64, JSC = 44 A cm−2, thus showing the power density output up to 15 W cm−2 while only having the active layer thickness 4.5 μm or so. These results are well preserved for SF no more than 104 cm s−1. With increasing spectrum temperature, a phenomenological model has also been formulated to analytically predict the optimal cell structure at a given spectrum illumination. This work has thus established the fundamental guidelines to develop GaSb thin film cells or subcells for economical thermophotovoltaic energy conversion.
经济型转换器是热光电技术工业应用的关键组成部分。本研究展示了用于宽带热光电能量转换的 GaSb 薄膜电池。结果表明，n-on-p 结构是薄膜电池的上佳选择，因为它的可获得效率更高。在非定形黑体光谱的照射下，GaSb 薄膜电池的匹配光谱温度应在 2000~2600 K 之间。在这些匹配光谱下，最佳 GaSb 薄膜的效率可达 8% 左右，VOC = 0.55 V，FF = 0.64，JSC = 44 A cm-2，从而显示出高达 15 W cm-2 的功率密度输出，而有源层厚度仅为 4.5 μm 左右。这些结果在 SF 不超过 104 cm s-1 时得到了很好的保留。随着光谱温度的升高，我们还建立了一个现象学模型，用于分析预测特定光谱照明下的最佳电池结构。因此，这项工作为开发用于经济热光电能量转换的 GaSb 薄膜电池或子电池确立了基本准则。
{"title":"Performance evaluation of thin film GaSb thermophotovoltaic cells","authors":"Wenli Guo, Hua Chen, Anneng Yang, Xin Li and Yu Wang","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad68dc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad68dc","url":null,"abstract":"Economical converters are the key component for the industrial applications of thermophotovoltaic technology. In this work thin film GaSb cells are demonstrated for broadband thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. It is shown that n-on-p configuration is a superior choice for thin film cell due to its larger accessible efficiency. Under the illumination of unshaped blackbody spectrum, the matched spectrum temperature for GaSb thin film cells should be in the range of 2000∼2600 K, With those matched spectra, the optimal GaSb thin film can achieve the efficiency up to 8% or so with VOC = 0.55 V, FF = 0.64, JSC = 44 A cm−2, thus showing the power density output up to 15 W cm−2 while only having the active layer thickness 4.5 μm or so. These results are well preserved for SF no more than 104 cm s−1. With increasing spectrum temperature, a phenomenological model has also been formulated to analytically predict the optimal cell structure at a given spectrum illumination. This work has thus established the fundamental guidelines to develop GaSb thin film cells or subcells for economical thermophotovoltaic energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad635f
Arindam Dutta and Anirban Pathak
Nash equilibrium is employed to find a game theoretic robust security bound on quantum bit error rate (QBER) for DL04 protocol which is a scheme for quantum secure direct communication that has been experimentally realized recently. The receiver, sender and eavesdropper (Eve) are considered to be quantum players (players having the capability to perform quantum operations). Specifically, Eve is considered to have the capability of performing quantum attacks (e.g., Wójcik’s original attack, Wójcik’s symmetrized attack and Pavičić attack) and classical intercept and resend attack. Game theoretic analysis of the security of DL04 protocol in the above scenario is performed by considering several game scenarios. The analysis revealed the absence of a Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium point within these game scenarios. Consequently, mixed strategy Nash equilibrium points are identified and employed to establish both upper and lower bounds for QBER. Further, the vulnerability of the DL04 protocol to Pavičić attack in the message mode is established. In addition, it is observed that the quantum attacks performed by Eve are more powerful than the classical attack, as the QBER value and the probability of detecting Eve’s presence are found to be lower in quantum attacks compared to classical ones.
{"title":"Use of Nash equilibrium in finding game theoretic robust security bound on quantum bit error rate","authors":"Arindam Dutta and Anirban Pathak","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad635f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad635f","url":null,"abstract":"Nash equilibrium is employed to find a game theoretic robust security bound on quantum bit error rate (QBER) for DL04 protocol which is a scheme for quantum secure direct communication that has been experimentally realized recently. The receiver, sender and eavesdropper (Eve) are considered to be quantum players (players having the capability to perform quantum operations). Specifically, Eve is considered to have the capability of performing quantum attacks (e.g., Wójcik’s original attack, Wójcik’s symmetrized attack and Pavičić attack) and classical intercept and resend attack. Game theoretic analysis of the security of DL04 protocol in the above scenario is performed by considering several game scenarios. The analysis revealed the absence of a Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium point within these game scenarios. Consequently, mixed strategy Nash equilibrium points are identified and employed to establish both upper and lower bounds for QBER. Further, the vulnerability of the DL04 protocol to Pavičić attack in the message mode is established. In addition, it is observed that the quantum attacks performed by Eve are more powerful than the classical attack, as the QBER value and the probability of detecting Eve’s presence are found to be lower in quantum attacks compared to classical ones.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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