Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad75c5
Ali Abdelli, Wajih El Hadj Youssef, Lazhar Khriji and Mohsen Machhout
In order to improve security and efficiency, this study presents a novel lightweight encryption technique that makes use of chaotic systems. Our method creatively combines the new chaotic KLEIN_64 algorithm with the Keccak-256 hash function, offering a solid basis for producing initial values essential for causing chaotic maps during the encryption process. After a deep validation with rigorous NIST testing, our chaotic pseudo random generator, LAC, exhibits excellent reliability and cryptographic robustness. Furthermore, the complexity of the cryptographic round function is improved by incorporating a second chaotic pseudo random generator that combines chaotic LFSR and Skew Tent Maps, thereby fortifying security measures.Designed with resource-limited applications in mind, our approach ensures that the cryptosystem remains both lightweight and efficient, meeting the stringent constraints typical of such environments. The practical feasibility and performance of our approach are extensively evaluated through FPGA implementation on the Zybo 7Z010 platform. Our implementation achieves a remarkable throughput of 2.820 Gbps while maintaining optimal resource utilization and efficiency. Extensive experimental results confirm the superior security of our cryptosystem, with correlation tests, entropy measurement, and histogram analysis showcasing robustness against statistical attacks. Moreover, the cryptosystem shows little fluctuation in the Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) and Non-Linear Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), confirming its resistance to differential attacks. Overall, our technique advances lightweight cryptography by providing a robust and efficient solution to modern cybersecurity challenges. In particular, our approach is well-suited for applications with limited resources, ensuring that security is maintained without compromising on performance or efficiency, thus fulfilling the needs of modern, constrained environments.
{"title":"Enhanced lightweight encryption algorithm based on chaotic systems","authors":"Ali Abdelli, Wajih El Hadj Youssef, Lazhar Khriji and Mohsen Machhout","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad75c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad75c5","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve security and efficiency, this study presents a novel lightweight encryption technique that makes use of chaotic systems. Our method creatively combines the new chaotic KLEIN_64 algorithm with the Keccak-256 hash function, offering a solid basis for producing initial values essential for causing chaotic maps during the encryption process. After a deep validation with rigorous NIST testing, our chaotic pseudo random generator, LAC, exhibits excellent reliability and cryptographic robustness. Furthermore, the complexity of the cryptographic round function is improved by incorporating a second chaotic pseudo random generator that combines chaotic LFSR and Skew Tent Maps, thereby fortifying security measures.Designed with resource-limited applications in mind, our approach ensures that the cryptosystem remains both lightweight and efficient, meeting the stringent constraints typical of such environments. The practical feasibility and performance of our approach are extensively evaluated through FPGA implementation on the Zybo 7Z010 platform. Our implementation achieves a remarkable throughput of 2.820 Gbps while maintaining optimal resource utilization and efficiency. Extensive experimental results confirm the superior security of our cryptosystem, with correlation tests, entropy measurement, and histogram analysis showcasing robustness against statistical attacks. Moreover, the cryptosystem shows little fluctuation in the Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) and Non-Linear Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), confirming its resistance to differential attacks. Overall, our technique advances lightweight cryptography by providing a robust and efficient solution to modern cybersecurity challenges. In particular, our approach is well-suited for applications with limited resources, ensuring that security is maintained without compromising on performance or efficiency, thus fulfilling the needs of modern, constrained environments.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad770a
Wenmin Zhang, Ling Zhang, Shigeru Morita, Yunxin Cheng, Fengling Zhang, Ailan Hu, Chengxi Zhou, Zhengwei Li, Yiming Cao, Jiuyang Ma, Darío Mitnik, Yinxian Jie and Haiqing Liu
Tungsten spectra in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range of 10-480 Å have been observed from high-temperature plasmas in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with full tungsten divertor using four fast-time-response EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short (5-45 Å), EUV_Long_a (40–180 Å), EUV_Long_c (130–330 Å) and EUV_Long_b (270–480 Å) and two space-resolved EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short2_d (45–70 Å) and EUV_Long2_d (40–130 Å). The wavelength of measured spectra is accurately calibrated based on several well-known spectral lines emitted from low-Z (He, Li, C, N and O), medium-Z (Fe and Cu) and high-Z (Mo) impurity ions. Measurements of the tungsten spectra were taken from discharges accompanied with a transient tungsten burst event, which creates a pulsed influx of tungsten atoms into the EAST plasma. The tungsten spectra observed before and after the burst event are carefully analyzed with temporal behavior and radial profile distribution of the tungsten line intensity. As a result, 213 tungsten lines are successfully confirmed in the spectra observed after the tungsten burst, and the results are summarized in tables. These tungsten lines include line identifications of 78 lines of W XXIII - W XLVI (W22+ - W45+) at 10–140 Å and 88 lines of W V - W IX (W4+ - W8+) at 160–480 Å, while 47 tungsten lines at 50–380 Å could not be clarified the transition. In addition, quasi-continuum spectra called unresolved transition array (UTA) from tungsten ions in low- and high-ionization stages are also analyzed in three wavelength ranges of 18–38 Å, 45–70 Å and 150–280 Å at which W XXIII - W XXXVIII (W22+ - W37+), W XXVII - W XLVI (W26+ - W45+) and W VI—W IX (W5+ - W8+) are dominantly emitted, respectively. Through the analysis it is found that charge state distributions of tungsten UTA at 140–220 Å significantly vary with decrease in the electron temperature. Ionization stages of all observed tungsten lines including both isolated and quasi-continuum lines are experimentally reconfirmed by comparing the radial intensity profile with the electron temperature profile. Finally, spectral lines useful for tungsten diagnostic in fusion plasmas are selected and marked in the tables.
利用四台快速时间响应超紫外分光计（EUV_Short (5-45 Å)），在带有全钨分流器的实验性先进超导托卡马克（EAST）中观测了10-480 Å波长范围内的高温等离子体钨光谱、和 EUV_Long_b（270-480 Å），以及两台空间分辨式 EUV 光谱仪，即 EUV_Short2_d（45-70 Å）和 EUV_Long2_d（40-130 Å）。测量光谱的波长是根据低 Z（He、Li、C、N 和 O）、中 Z（Fe 和 Cu）和高 Z（Mo）杂质离子发射的几条著名光谱线精确校准的。对钨光谱的测量来自伴随瞬态钨迸发事件的放电，该事件会产生钨原子脉冲涌入 EAST 等离子体。通过钨线强度的时间行为和径向剖面分布，对迸发事件前后观测到的钨光谱进行了仔细分析。结果，在钨爆发后观测到的光谱中成功确认了 213 条钨线，并将结果汇总在表格中。这些钨线包括 10-140 Å 处 W XXIII - W XLVI (W22+ - W45+) 的 78 条线和 160-480 Å 处 W V - W IX (W4+ - W8+) 的 88 条线，而 50-380 Å 处的 47 条钨线则无法明确过渡。此外，还在 18-38 Å、45-70 Å 和 150-280 Å 三个波长范围内分析了钨离子在低电离阶段和高电离阶段的准连续谱，称为未分辨转变阵列（UTA），其中 W XXIII - W XXXVIII（W22+ - W37+）、W XXVII - W XLVI（W26+ - W45+）和 W VI-W IX（W5+ - W8+）分别在这三个波长范围内主要发射。通过分析发现，140-220 Å 处钨UTA 的电荷状态分布随着电子温度的降低而显著变化。通过比较径向强度曲线和电子温度曲线，实验再次证实了所有观测到的钨线（包括孤立线和准连续线）的电离阶段。最后，选择了对聚变等离子体中的钨诊断有用的光谱线，并在表中标出。
{"title":"Spectroscopic analysis of tungsten spectra in extreme-ultraviolet range of 10-480 Å observed from EAST tokamak with full tungsten divertor","authors":"Wenmin Zhang, Ling Zhang, Shigeru Morita, Yunxin Cheng, Fengling Zhang, Ailan Hu, Chengxi Zhou, Zhengwei Li, Yiming Cao, Jiuyang Ma, Darío Mitnik, Yinxian Jie and Haiqing Liu","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad770a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad770a","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten spectra in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range of 10-480 Å have been observed from high-temperature plasmas in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with full tungsten divertor using four fast-time-response EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short (5-45 Å), EUV_Long_a (40–180 Å), EUV_Long_c (130–330 Å) and EUV_Long_b (270–480 Å) and two space-resolved EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short2_d (45–70 Å) and EUV_Long2_d (40–130 Å). The wavelength of measured spectra is accurately calibrated based on several well-known spectral lines emitted from low-Z (He, Li, C, N and O), medium-Z (Fe and Cu) and high-Z (Mo) impurity ions. Measurements of the tungsten spectra were taken from discharges accompanied with a transient tungsten burst event, which creates a pulsed influx of tungsten atoms into the EAST plasma. The tungsten spectra observed before and after the burst event are carefully analyzed with temporal behavior and radial profile distribution of the tungsten line intensity. As a result, 213 tungsten lines are successfully confirmed in the spectra observed after the tungsten burst, and the results are summarized in tables. These tungsten lines include line identifications of 78 lines of W XXIII - W XLVI (W22+ - W45+) at 10–140 Å and 88 lines of W V - W IX (W4+ - W8+) at 160–480 Å, while 47 tungsten lines at 50–380 Å could not be clarified the transition. In addition, quasi-continuum spectra called unresolved transition array (UTA) from tungsten ions in low- and high-ionization stages are also analyzed in three wavelength ranges of 18–38 Å, 45–70 Å and 150–280 Å at which W XXIII - W XXXVIII (W22+ - W37+), W XXVII - W XLVI (W26+ - W45+) and W VI—W IX (W5+ - W8+) are dominantly emitted, respectively. Through the analysis it is found that charge state distributions of tungsten UTA at 140–220 Å significantly vary with decrease in the electron temperature. Ionization stages of all observed tungsten lines including both isolated and quasi-continuum lines are experimentally reconfirmed by comparing the radial intensity profile with the electron temperature profile. Finally, spectral lines useful for tungsten diagnostic in fusion plasmas are selected and marked in the tables.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad75d2
Roshan Chalise, Santosh Dhungana, Sangat Sharma, Suresh Basnet, Hom Bahadur Baniya, Tirtha Raj Acharya, Pradeep Lamichhane and Raju Khanal
In this work, we present the development and comprehensive characterization of an atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma jet (GAPJ) operating in ambient air to generate non-thermal plasma. Through systematic investigation, the relationship between jet length and airflow rate indicates a positive correlation. Electrical and optical techniques are utilized to characterize the discharge, revealing an impact of applied voltage and gas flow rate on discharge parameters. Calculations are made for parameters such as electron density ((0.62−3.44)×1019) m−3, average power dissipation (9.85−40.50) W, and root mean square values of current and voltage. The impacts of applied voltages and gas flow rate on these parameters are also examined. Electron excitation temperature is determined using the Boltzmann plot method, yielding values within the range of (1.36−1.44) eV. Rotational and vibrational temperatures of discharge are analyzed, revealing values of (1373−2065) K and (2700−2405) K, respectively, under different operational conditions. The generated non-thermal plasma is confined to form a plasma plume although it consists of two diverging electrodes and offers promising applications for specified areas of sterilization and decontamination in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries.
在这项工作中，我们介绍了在环境空气中运行以产生非热等离子体的大气压滑翔电弧等离子体射流（GAPJ）的开发和综合表征。通过系统研究，我们发现射流长度与气流速率之间存在正相关关系。利用电学和光学技术对放电进行了表征，揭示了外加电压和气体流速对放电参数的影响。对电子密度（(0.62-3.44)×1019）m-3、平均功率耗散（9.85-40.50）W 以及电流和电压的均方根值等参数进行了计算。此外，还研究了外加电压和气体流速对这些参数的影响。使用玻尔兹曼图法确定了电子激发温度，得出的数值在 (1.36-1.44) eV 范围内。对放电的旋转温度和振动温度进行了分析，结果表明，在不同的运行条件下，放电温度分别为 (1373-2065) K 和 (2700-2405) K。生成的非热等离子体虽然由两个发散电极组成，但却被限制形成等离子体羽流，在医疗、制药和食品加工行业的特定消毒和净化领域具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Development and characterization of atmospheric pressure gliding Arc plasma jet","authors":"Roshan Chalise, Santosh Dhungana, Sangat Sharma, Suresh Basnet, Hom Bahadur Baniya, Tirtha Raj Acharya, Pradeep Lamichhane and Raju Khanal","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad75d2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad75d2","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the development and comprehensive characterization of an atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma jet (GAPJ) operating in ambient air to generate non-thermal plasma. Through systematic investigation, the relationship between jet length and airflow rate indicates a positive correlation. Electrical and optical techniques are utilized to characterize the discharge, revealing an impact of applied voltage and gas flow rate on discharge parameters. Calculations are made for parameters such as electron density ((0.62−3.44)×1019) m−3, average power dissipation (9.85−40.50) W, and root mean square values of current and voltage. The impacts of applied voltages and gas flow rate on these parameters are also examined. Electron excitation temperature is determined using the Boltzmann plot method, yielding values within the range of (1.36−1.44) eV. Rotational and vibrational temperatures of discharge are analyzed, revealing values of (1373−2065) K and (2700−2405) K, respectively, under different operational conditions. The generated non-thermal plasma is confined to form a plasma plume although it consists of two diverging electrodes and offers promising applications for specified areas of sterilization and decontamination in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad7548
Aoming Ge, Ziying Pan, Zhengyang Liu, Haocheng Yang, Yiliang Lv and Tao Peng
Single-turn coil (STC) is a destructive pulse magnet aiming at 100–300 T ultra-high magnetic field. In this study, a conductor shock dynamics model based on the hardening and thermal softening effects is proposed for STCs. Using this model, the changes in mechanical parameters of the conductor during discharge are investigated. The results show that the yield strength and bulk modulus of the conductors are significantly strengthened during discharge. Moreover, without considering hardening in the simulations, the deformation velocities and displacements of the conductors are higher than when hardening is considered, causing the magnetic fields obtained from the simulation to be smaller than the actual values. The model is validated by checking the consistency of the magnetic flux density at the central axis of the STCs, and the conductor deformation degrees of the simulation results, and the experimental data.
单匝线圈（STC）是一种以 100-300 T 超高磁场为目标的破坏性脉冲磁体。本研究针对 STC 提出了基于硬化和热软化效应的导体冲击动力学模型。利用该模型，研究了放电过程中导体机械参数的变化。结果表明，导体的屈服强度和体积模量在放电过程中显著增强。此外，在模拟中不考虑硬化的情况下，导体的变形速度和位移均高于考虑硬化的情况，导致模拟得到的磁场小于实际值。通过检查 STC 中心轴的磁通密度、模拟结果的导体变形度与实验数据的一致性，对模型进行了验证。
{"title":"Shock dynamics model based on the conductor hardening and thermal softening effects for single-turn coil","authors":"Aoming Ge, Ziying Pan, Zhengyang Liu, Haocheng Yang, Yiliang Lv and Tao Peng","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad7548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad7548","url":null,"abstract":"Single-turn coil (STC) is a destructive pulse magnet aiming at 100–300 T ultra-high magnetic field. In this study, a conductor shock dynamics model based on the hardening and thermal softening effects is proposed for STCs. Using this model, the changes in mechanical parameters of the conductor during discharge are investigated. The results show that the yield strength and bulk modulus of the conductors are significantly strengthened during discharge. Moreover, without considering hardening in the simulations, the deformation velocities and displacements of the conductors are higher than when hardening is considered, causing the magnetic fields obtained from the simulation to be smaller than the actual values. The model is validated by checking the consistency of the magnetic flux density at the central axis of the STCs, and the conductor deformation degrees of the simulation results, and the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad76e7
Bhagyalakshmi K and Biju Kuyyadi P
The resistance-switching memristor with capabilities of information storage and brain-inspired computing has prime importance in recent research. In this study, the impact of crystallinity and Indium diffusion on the existence of analog and digital resistive switching in a W/TiO2/ITO device has been reported. The memristor devices are fabricated by depositing titania films by sol–gel and spin-coating techniques. The films annealed at 250 °C and 400 °C were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characteristic anatase phase started appearing after annealing at 400 °C, whereas the 250 °C annealed sample was in the amorphous state. The electrical characterization revealed significant differences in the switching characteristics of amorphous and crystalline samples, especially in the switching interface, compliance properties, and current conduction mechanism. The grain boundary assisted oxygen vacancy migration, and the diffusion of indium ions from the ITO bottom electrode helped the crystalline sample to show highly stable and reproducible resistive switching compared to amorphous film. The XPS studies confirmed the indium ion diffusion in the crystalline sample. The oxygen vacancy-induced barrier modulation and conductive filament formation caused characteristic switching in amorphous and crystalline samples, respectively. Schottky emission in the amorphous film and SCLC mechanism in the crystalline film confirmed the experimental results. This study provides a distinctive viewpoint and an innovative strategy for developing multifunctional resistive switching devices.
具有信息存储和脑启发计算功能的电阻开关忆阻器在近年来的研究中占有重要地位。本研究报告了结晶度和铟扩散对 W/TiO2/ITO 器件中存在的模拟和数字电阻开关的影响。忆阻器器件是通过溶胶-凝胶和旋涂技术沉积二氧化钛薄膜制成的。使用 X 射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 对在 250 °C 和 400 °C 下退火的薄膜进行了表征。在 400 ℃ 退火后，特征性的锐钛矿相开始出现，而 250 ℃ 退火的样品则处于无定形状态。电学表征结果表明，非晶态样品和晶体样品的开关特性存在显著差异，尤其是在开关界面、顺应特性和电流传导机制方面。与非晶态薄膜相比，晶界辅助氧空位迁移和铟离子从 ITO 底电极的扩散有助于晶体样品显示出高度稳定和可重现的电阻开关。XPS 研究证实了铟离子在晶体样品中的扩散。氧空位引起的势垒调制和导电丝的形成分别在非晶和晶体样品中引起了特征性开关。非晶薄膜中的肖特基发射和晶体薄膜中的 SCLC 机制证实了实验结果。这项研究为开发多功能电阻开关器件提供了独特的视角和创新的策略。
{"title":"Analog and digital resistive switching in W/TiO2/ITO devices: the impact of crystallinity and Indium diffusion","authors":"Bhagyalakshmi K and Biju Kuyyadi P","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad76e7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad76e7","url":null,"abstract":"The resistance-switching memristor with capabilities of information storage and brain-inspired computing has prime importance in recent research. In this study, the impact of crystallinity and Indium diffusion on the existence of analog and digital resistive switching in a W/TiO2/ITO device has been reported. The memristor devices are fabricated by depositing titania films by sol–gel and spin-coating techniques. The films annealed at 250 °C and 400 °C were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characteristic anatase phase started appearing after annealing at 400 °C, whereas the 250 °C annealed sample was in the amorphous state. The electrical characterization revealed significant differences in the switching characteristics of amorphous and crystalline samples, especially in the switching interface, compliance properties, and current conduction mechanism. The grain boundary assisted oxygen vacancy migration, and the diffusion of indium ions from the ITO bottom electrode helped the crystalline sample to show highly stable and reproducible resistive switching compared to amorphous film. The XPS studies confirmed the indium ion diffusion in the crystalline sample. The oxygen vacancy-induced barrier modulation and conductive filament formation caused characteristic switching in amorphous and crystalline samples, respectively. Schottky emission in the amorphous film and SCLC mechanism in the crystalline film confirmed the experimental results. This study provides a distinctive viewpoint and an innovative strategy for developing multifunctional resistive switching devices.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad7707
Mohanraj T, Sakthivel G and A Pramanik
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a non-traditional material removal process commonly used for precision machining of hard materials such as super alloys, ceramics, carbide, and composite materials. Optimization of process parameters is critical for improving machining efficiency and achieving the desired surface quality. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) systematically optimizes process parameters and investigates their impact on machining performance. WEDM control parameters such as pulse ON Time (TON) (50–60 μs), pulse OFF Time (TOFF) (25–34 μs), gap voltage (VG) (25–250 V), peak current (IP) (1–6 A), and dielectric flow rate (Df) (1–3 LPM) are optimized to reduce surface roughness (SR) and taper angle (TA) while increasing material removal rate (MRR) during the machining of Mild Steel. The optimal parameters are TON as 53 μs, TOFF as 28 μs, IP as 2.65 A, VG as 185 V, and Df as 1.5 LPM. The experimental findings are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed strategy in optimizing WEDM control parameters. The validation test was conducted under optimal conditions and the results were reported. The manufacturing industries can use RSM optimization in the manufacturing domain.
{"title":"Use of RSM desirability approach to optimize WEDM of mild steel","authors":"Mohanraj T, Sakthivel G and A Pramanik","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad7707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad7707","url":null,"abstract":"Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a non-traditional material removal process commonly used for precision machining of hard materials such as super alloys, ceramics, carbide, and composite materials. Optimization of process parameters is critical for improving machining efficiency and achieving the desired surface quality. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) systematically optimizes process parameters and investigates their impact on machining performance. WEDM control parameters such as pulse ON Time (TON) (50–60 μs), pulse OFF Time (TOFF) (25–34 μs), gap voltage (VG) (25–250 V), peak current (IP) (1–6 A), and dielectric flow rate (Df) (1–3 LPM) are optimized to reduce surface roughness (SR) and taper angle (TA) while increasing material removal rate (MRR) during the machining of Mild Steel. The optimal parameters are TON as 53 μs, TOFF as 28 μs, IP as 2.65 A, VG as 185 V, and Df as 1.5 LPM. The experimental findings are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed strategy in optimizing WEDM control parameters. The validation test was conducted under optimal conditions and the results were reported. The manufacturing industries can use RSM optimization in the manufacturing domain.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad74a9
Giovanni Ceccio, Jiri Vacik, Dietmar Fink, Jakub Siegel and Antonino Cannavò
Polymeric ion track-etched membranes with asymmetric pores have been the subject of increased interest in both the academia and industry in recent decades. This interest is related to the rectification behavior of the membranes and their possible applications. In this work, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes with conical ion tracks were investigated for different etching conditions. Thin PET membranes were prepared using irradiated foils etched in a NaOH bath with the help of external electric fields (AC/DC) of a specific polarity. After etching, the I-V characteristics of the membranes were examined in the KCl solutions with different molarities. The obtained results showed that the I-V relations are strongly non-linear, thus confirming the rectification behavior of the membranes. It turned out that the external AC and DC fields applied during etching play an important role. They make it possible to influence the pore etching process, and so the properties of the membranes, which is important for the intended applications. Keywords: polymeric membranes, asymmetric pores, polyethylene terephthalate, I-V characteristics, transport phenomena
{"title":"Effect of external electric fields on the ionic conductivity of the PET ion-track membrane","authors":"Giovanni Ceccio, Jiri Vacik, Dietmar Fink, Jakub Siegel and Antonino Cannavò","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad74a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad74a9","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric ion track-etched membranes with asymmetric pores have been the subject of increased interest in both the academia and industry in recent decades. This interest is related to the rectification behavior of the membranes and their possible applications. In this work, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes with conical ion tracks were investigated for different etching conditions. Thin PET membranes were prepared using irradiated foils etched in a NaOH bath with the help of external electric fields (AC/DC) of a specific polarity. After etching, the I-V characteristics of the membranes were examined in the KCl solutions with different molarities. The obtained results showed that the I-V relations are strongly non-linear, thus confirming the rectification behavior of the membranes. It turned out that the external AC and DC fields applied during etching play an important role. They make it possible to influence the pore etching process, and so the properties of the membranes, which is important for the intended applications. Keywords: polymeric membranes, asymmetric pores, polyethylene terephthalate, I-V characteristics, transport phenomena","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad764b
Ju Ma, Jian-cheng Wang, Long-hua Qin and Quan-gui Gao
We present the horizon structures and the shadows for Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole located in perfect fluid matter field in Rastall gravity. By considering the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Carter constant separable method, we obtain the null geodesic equations of the black hole space-time as well as the unstable circular photon orbits in terms of the impact parameters. The horizon structures of the space-time are calculated numerically. The results show that there are four roots for a general case of the horizon equation (the Cauchy horizon , the event horizon , the cosmological horizon rq of Rastall gravity and the cosmological horizon rc of cosmological constant), which lead to a specific characteristic with the subregions of the space-time. The influences of the cosmological horizons rq and rc on the light trajectories around the black hole are also investigated. Furthermore, we study the effects of the parameters, including the perfect fluid matter intensity Ns, the Rastall parameter kλ, the cosmological constant Λ, the black hole spin a and the black hole charge Q on black hole shadows in detail.
{"title":"Space-time structures, light trajectories and shadows for Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole with surrounding perfect fluid matter in Rastall gravity","authors":"Ju Ma, Jian-cheng Wang, Long-hua Qin and Quan-gui Gao","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad764b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad764b","url":null,"abstract":"We present the horizon structures and the shadows for Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole located in perfect fluid matter field in Rastall gravity. By considering the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Carter constant separable method, we obtain the null geodesic equations of the black hole space-time as well as the unstable circular photon orbits in terms of the impact parameters. The horizon structures of the space-time are calculated numerically. The results show that there are four roots for a general case of the horizon equation (the Cauchy horizon , the event horizon , the cosmological horizon rq of Rastall gravity and the cosmological horizon rc of cosmological constant), which lead to a specific characteristic with the subregions of the space-time. The influences of the cosmological horizons rq and rc on the light trajectories around the black hole are also investigated. Furthermore, we study the effects of the parameters, including the perfect fluid matter intensity Ns, the Rastall parameter kλ, the cosmological constant Λ, the black hole spin a and the black hole charge Q on black hole shadows in detail.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad6fdf
Youngsik Huh, Sungjong No and Seungsang Oh
In this paper, we explore mathematical links, defined as closed curves embedded in 3D space. Knot theory studies these structures, which also occur in real-world biopolymers like DNA. Lattice links are links in the cubic lattice. For scientific simulations or statistical studies, links are simplified to lattice links. The lattice stick number, denoted as sL(K), is the minimum number of lattice sticks needed to represent a link K in the cubic lattice. In previous study, it was shown that only two non-trivial knots and six non-splittable links have sL ≤ 14: specifically, , = , , and . Recent study has further revealed that no knot can have sL = 15. In this paper, we prove that lattice stick number 15 is not attainable for non-splittable links. As a corollary, eleven non-splittable links with sL=16 are presented.
{"title":"Lattice stick number 15 is unattainable for non-splittable links","authors":"Youngsik Huh, Sungjong No and Seungsang Oh","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad6fdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad6fdf","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore mathematical links, defined as closed curves embedded in 3D space. Knot theory studies these structures, which also occur in real-world biopolymers like DNA. Lattice links are links in the cubic lattice. For scientific simulations or statistical studies, links are simplified to lattice links. The lattice stick number, denoted as sL(K), is the minimum number of lattice sticks needed to represent a link K in the cubic lattice. In previous study, it was shown that only two non-trivial knots and six non-splittable links have sL ≤ 14: specifically, , = , , and . Recent study has further revealed that no knot can have sL = 15. In this paper, we prove that lattice stick number 15 is not attainable for non-splittable links. As a corollary, eleven non-splittable links with sL=16 are presented.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ad7204
Bivas Mallick and Sumit Nandi
We present a formalism to detect genuine multipartite entanglement by considering projection map which is a positive but not completely positive map. Projection map has been motivated by the no-pancake theorem which repudiates the existence of a quantum operation that maps the Bloch sphere onto a disk along its equator. The not-complete positivity feature of projection map is explored to investigate genuine multipartite entanglement in arbitrary N-qubit quantum systems. Our proposed framework can detect some important classes of genuinely entangled states in tripartite and quadripartite scenarios. We provide illustrative example to show the efficacy of our formalism to detect a class of tripartite PPT bound entangled states. Finally, we construct a suitable witness operator based on projection map to certify genuine tripartite entanglement, which is likely to be feasible experimentally.
我们提出了一种形式主义，通过考虑投影图来探测真正的多方纠缠，投影图是正投影图，但不是完全正投影图。投影图是由 "无饼定理 "激发的，该定理否定了沿布洛赫球赤道将其映射到圆盘上的量子操作的存在。我们利用投影图的非完全正向特性来研究任意 N 量子位量子系统中的真正多方纠缠。我们提出的框架可以在三方和四方场景中探测到一些重要的真正纠缠态类别。我们举例说明了我们的形式主义在探测三方 PPT 边界纠缠态方面的功效。最后，我们基于投影图构建了一个合适的见证算子来证明真正的三方纠缠，这在实验上很可能是可行的。
{"title":"Genuine entanglement detection via projection map in multipartite systems","authors":"Bivas Mallick and Sumit Nandi","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad7204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad7204","url":null,"abstract":"We present a formalism to detect genuine multipartite entanglement by considering projection map which is a positive but not completely positive map. Projection map has been motivated by the no-pancake theorem which repudiates the existence of a quantum operation that maps the Bloch sphere onto a disk along its equator. The not-complete positivity feature of projection map is explored to investigate genuine multipartite entanglement in arbitrary N-qubit quantum systems. Our proposed framework can detect some important classes of genuinely entangled states in tripartite and quadripartite scenarios. We provide illustrative example to show the efficacy of our formalism to detect a class of tripartite PPT bound entangled states. Finally, we construct a suitable witness operator based on projection map to certify genuine tripartite entanglement, which is likely to be feasible experimentally.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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