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Phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann method for containerless freezing 基于相场的无容器冷冻晶格玻尔兹曼法
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.035301
Jiangxu Huang, Lei Wang, Zhenhua Chai, Baochang Shi
In this paper we first propose a phase-field model for the containerless freezing problems, in which the volume expansion or shrinkage of the liquid caused by the density change during the phase change process is considered by adding a mass source term to the continuum equation. Then a phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is further developed to simulate solid-liquid phase change phenomena in multiphase systems. We test the developed LB method by the problem of conduction-induced freezing in a semi-infinite space, the three-phase Stefan problem, and the droplet solidification on a cold surface, and the numerical results are in agreement with the analytical and experimental solutions. In addition, the LB method is also used to study the rising bubbles with solidification. The results of the present method not only accurately capture the effect of bubbles on the solidification process, but also are in agreement with the previous work. Finally, a parametric study is carried out to examine the influences of some physical parameters on the sessile droplet solidification, and it is found that the time of droplet solidification increases with the increase of droplet volume and contact angle.
本文首先提出了无容器冷冻问题的相场模型,通过在连续方程中加入质量源项,考虑了相变过程中密度变化引起的液体体积膨胀或收缩。然后,进一步开发了基于相场的晶格玻尔兹曼(LB)方法来模拟多相系统中的固液相变现象。我们通过半无限空间传导诱导冻结问题、三相斯特凡问题和冷表面液滴凝固问题检验了所开发的 LB 方法,数值结果与分析和实验解一致。此外,LB 方法还用于研究气泡上升与凝固。本方法的结果不仅准确地捕捉到了气泡对凝固过程的影响,而且与之前的研究结果一致。最后,对一些物理参数对无柄液滴凝固的影响进行了参数研究,发现液滴凝固时间随液滴体积和接触角的增大而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Percolation in a three-dimensional nonsymmetric multicolor loop model 三维非对称多色环路模型中的渗流
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034117
Soumya Kanti Ganguly, Sumanta Mukherjee, Chandan Dasgupta
We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the percolation transition of a nonsymmetric loop model on a regular three-dimensional lattice. We calculate the critical exponents for the percolation transition of this model. The percolation transition occurs at a temperature that is close to, but not exactly, the thermal critical temperature. Our finite-size study on this model yields a correlation length exponent that agrees with that of the three-dimensional XY model with an error margin of 6%.
我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟分析了规则三维晶格上一个非对称环模型的渗滤转变。我们计算了该模型渗滤转变的临界指数。渗滤转变发生的温度接近但不完全是热临界温度。我们对该模型的有限尺寸研究得出的相关长度指数与三维 XY 模型的相关长度指数一致,误差为 6%。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient laser wakefield accelerator in pump depletion dominated bubble regime 泵耗主导气泡机制下的高效激光汪场加速器
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.035202
V. Horný, P. G. Bleotu, D. Ursescu, V. Malka, P. Tomassini
With the usage of the postcompression technique, few-cycle joule-class laser pulses are nowadays available extending the state of the art of 100 TW-class laser working at 10 Hz repetition. In this Letter, we explore the potential of wakefield acceleration when driven with such pulses. The numerical modeling predicts that 50% of the laser pulse energy can be transferred into electrons with energy above 15 MeV, and with charge exceeding several nanocoulombs for the electrons at hundreds of MeV energy. In such a regime, the laser pulse depletes its energy to plasma rapidly driving a strong cavitated wakefield. The self-steepening effect induces a continuous prolongation of a bubble resulting in a massive continuous self-injection that explains the extremely high charge of the beam rending this approach suitable for promoting Bremsstrahlung emitter and generator of tertiary particles, including neutrons released through photonuclear reactions.
随着后压缩技术的使用,如今可以获得几周焦耳级的激光脉冲,从而扩展了以 10 Hz 重复频率工作的 100 TW 级激光的技术水平。在这封信中,我们探讨了在这种脉冲驱动下的汪场加速潜力。根据数值建模预测,50% 的激光脉冲能量可以转移到能量超过 15 MeV 的电子中,而能量达到数百 MeV 的电子的电荷量则超过数纳库仑。在这种情况下,激光脉冲的能量会迅速消耗到等离子体中,从而产生强烈的空化唤醒场。自膨胀效应导致气泡持续延长,从而产生大量持续的自喷射,这也是光束电荷极高的原因,使这种方法适用于促进轫致辐射发射器和三级粒子(包括通过光核反应释放的中子)的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Borromean hypergraph formation in dense random rectangles 密集随机矩形中的博罗姆超图形成
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034501
Alexander R. Klotz
We develop a minimal model to study the stochastic formation of Borromean links within topologically entangled networks without requiring the use of knot invariants. Borromean linkages may form in entangled solutions of open polymer chains or in Olympic gel systems such as kinetoplast DNA, but it is challenging to investigate this due to the difficulty of computing three-body link invariants. Here, we investigate rectangles randomly oriented in three Cartesian planes and densely packed within a volume, and evaluate them for Hopf linking and Borromean link formation. We show that dense packings of rectangles can form Borromean triplets and larger clusters, and that in high enough density the combination of Hopf and Borromean linking can create a percolating hypergraph through the network. We present data for the percolation threshold of Borromean hypergraphs, and discuss implications for the existence of Borromean connectivity within kinetoplast DNA.
我们建立了一个最小模型来研究拓扑纠缠网络中波罗曼链的随机形成,而无需使用结不变式。在开放聚合物链的纠缠溶液或奥林匹克凝胶系统(如动原 DNA)中可能会形成博罗梅因链接,但由于难以计算三体链接不变式,因此对其进行研究具有挑战性。在这里,我们研究了在三个笛卡尔平面上随机定向并在一个体积内密集堆积的矩形,并评估了它们的霍普夫链接和博罗曼链接形成。我们的研究表明,密集堆积的矩形可以形成博罗梅三联体和更大的簇,在足够高的密度下,霍普夫链接和博罗梅链接的组合可以在网络中形成渗滤超图。我们提出了博罗梅超图的渗流阈值数据,并讨论了动粒 DNA 中存在博罗梅连接的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Detectability of hierarchical communities in networks 网络中分层群落的可探测性
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034306
Leto Peel, Michael T. Schaub
We study the problem of recovering a planted hierarchy of partitions in a network. The detectability of a single planted partition has previously been analyzed in detail and a phase transition has been identified below which the partition cannot be detected. Here we show that, in the hierarchical setting, there exist additional phases in which the presence of multiple consistent partitions can either help or hinder detection. Accordingly, the detectability limit for nonhierarchical partitions typically provides insufficient information about the detectability of the complete hierarchical structure, as we highlight with several constructive examples.
我们研究的是恢复网络中分区的种植层次结构问题。此前,我们已经详细分析了单个种植分区的可探测性,并确定了一个阶段转换,在该阶段转换之下,分区将无法被探测到。在这里,我们证明了在分层设置中,还存在其他阶段,在这些阶段中,多个一致分区的存在既可以帮助检测,也可以阻碍检测。因此,非分层分区的可探测性极限通常无法提供关于完整分层结构可探测性的足够信息,我们将通过几个建设性的例子来强调这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamics of multicolored loop models in three dimensions 三维多色环模型的热力学
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034116
Soumya Kanti Ganguly, Sumanta Mukherjee, Chandan Dasgupta
We study order-disorder transitions in three-dimensional multicolored loop models using Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the nature of the transition is intimately related to the nature of the loops. The symmetric loops undergo a first-order phase transition, while the nonsymmetric loops show a second-order transition. The critical exponents for the nonsymmetric loops are calculated. In three dimensions, the regular loop model with no interactions is dual to the XY model. We argue that, due to interactions among the colors, the specific-heat exponent is found to be different from that of the regular loop model. The continuous nature of the transition is altered to a discontinuous one due to the strong intercolor interactions.
我们利用蒙特卡罗模拟研究了三维多色环模型中的有序-无序转变。我们发现,转变的性质与环的性质密切相关。对称环发生了一阶相变,而非对称环则出现了二阶相变。计算了非对称环的临界指数。在三维空间中,无相互作用的规则环模型与 XY 模型是对偶的。我们认为,由于颜色之间的相互作用,比热指数与常规环模型不同。由于颜色间的强烈相互作用,转变的连续性被改变为不连续性。
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引用次数: 0
Hele-Shaw flow of a nematic liquid crystal 向列液晶的 Hele-Shaw 流动
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034702
Joseph R. L. Cousins, Nigel J. Mottram, Stephen K. Wilson
Motivated by the variety of applications in which nematic Hele-Shaw flow occurs, a theoretical model for Hele-Shaw flow of a nematic liquid crystal is formulated and analyzed. We derive the thin-film Ericksen-Leslie equations that govern nematic Hele-Shaw flow, and consider two important limiting cases in which we can make significant analytical progress. First, we consider the leading-order problem in the limiting case in which elasticity effects dominate viscous effects, and find that the nematic liquid crystal anchoring on the plates leads to a fixed director field and an anisotropic patterned viscosity that can be used to guide the flow of the nematic. Second, we consider the leading-order problem in the opposite limiting case in which viscous effects dominate elasticity effects, and find that the flow is identical to that of an isotropic fluid and the behavior of the director is determined by the flow. As an example of the insight which can be gained by using the present approach, we then consider the flow of nematic according to a simple model for the squeezing stage of the one-drop-filling method, an important method for the manufacture of liquid crystal displays, in these two limiting cases.
受发生向列 Hele-Shaw 流动的各种应用的启发,我们提出并分析了向列液晶 Hele-Shaw 流动的理论模型。我们推导出了支配向列 Hele-Shaw 流动的薄膜埃里克森-莱斯利方程,并考虑了两种重要的极限情况,在这两种情况下,我们可以取得显著的分析进展。首先,我们考虑了弹性效应主导粘性效应的极限情况下的先导阶问题,发现向列液晶锚定在平板上会导致固定的导向场和各向异性的图案粘性,可用于引导向列液晶的流动。其次,我们考虑了粘滞效应主导弹性效应的相反极限情况下的引导阶问题,发现流动与各向同性流体的流动相同,引导者的行为由流动决定。举例说明使用本方法可以获得的洞察力,然后我们根据一滴填充法挤压阶段的简单模型,考虑了在这两种极限情况下的向列流动,一滴填充法是制造液晶显示器的一种重要方法。
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引用次数: 0
Network compression with configuration models and the minimum description length 使用配置模型和最小描述长度进行网络压缩
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034305
Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Jean-Gabriel Young, Alexander Daniels, Alec Kirkley, Antoine Allard
Random network models, constrained to reproduce specific statistical features, are often used to represent and analyze network data and their mathematical descriptions. Chief among them, the configuration model constrains random networks by their degree distribution and is foundational to many areas of network science. However, configuration models and their variants are often selected based on intuition or mathematical and computational simplicity rather than on statistical evidence. To evaluate the quality of a network representation, we need to consider both the amount of information required to specify a random network model and the probability of recovering the original data when using the model as a generative process. To this end, we calculate the approximate size of network ensembles generated by the popular configuration model and its generalizations, including versions accounting for degree correlations and centrality layers. We then apply the minimum description length principle as a model selection criterion over the resulting nested family of configuration models. Using a dataset of over 100 networks from various domains, we find that the classic configuration model is generally preferred on networks with an average degree above 10, while a layered configuration model constrained by a centrality metric offers the most compact representation of the majority of sparse networks.
随机网络模型受限于再现特定的统计特征,常用于表示和分析网络数据及其数学描述。其中,配置模型通过度分布对随机网络进行约束,是网络科学许多领域的基础。然而,配置模型及其变体的选择往往基于直觉或数学和计算的简易性,而非统计证据。为了评估网络表示的质量,我们需要考虑指定随机网络模型所需的信息量,以及将该模型用作生成过程时恢复原始数据的概率。为此,我们计算了由流行配置模型及其广义模型(包括考虑度相关性和中心层的版本)生成的网络集合的大致大小。然后,我们将最小描述长度原则作为模型选择标准,应用于由此产生的嵌套配置模型系列。通过使用由来自不同领域的 100 多个网络组成的数据集,我们发现在平均度数超过 10 的网络中,经典配置模型通常更受青睐,而受中心度量限制的分层配置模型则为大多数稀疏网络提供了最紧凑的表示。
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引用次数: 0
Shortcut to finite-time memory erasure 有限时间内存擦除快捷方式
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034115
Geng Li, Hui Dong
To achieve fast computation, it is crucial to reset the memory to a desired state within a limited time. However, the inherent delay in the system's response often prevents reaching the desired state once the control process is completed in finite time. To address this challenge, we propose a shortcut strategy that incorporates an auxiliary control to guide the system towards an equilibrium state that corresponds to the intended control, thus enabling memory reset to desired accuracy regardless of the erasure speed. Through the application of thermodynamic geometry, we derive an optimal shortcut protocol for erasure processes that minimizes the energy cost. This research provides an effective design principle for realizing the finite-time erasure process to desired accuracy while simultaneously reducing the energy cost, thereby alleviating the burden of heat dissipation.
为了实现快速计算,在有限的时间内将存储器重置为所需状态至关重要。然而,一旦控制过程在有限时间内完成,系统响应的固有延迟往往会阻碍系统达到所需的状态。为了应对这一挑战,我们提出了一种捷径策略,即结合辅助控制,引导系统达到与预期控制相对应的平衡状态,从而使内存重置达到所需的精度,而不受擦除速度的影响。通过热力学几何的应用,我们得出了擦除过程的最佳捷径协议,从而最大限度地降低了能量成本。这项研究为实现有限时间擦除过程提供了有效的设计原则,使其在达到预期精度的同时降低能量成本,从而减轻散热负担。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory evidence of the nonresonant streaming instability in the formation of quasiparallel collisionless shocks at high Alfvénic Mach number 高阿尔费尼科马赫数下形成准平行无碰撞冲击的非共振流不稳定性的实验室证据
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.l033201
S. Bolaños, M. J.-E. Manuel, M. Bailly-Grandvaux, A. S. Bogale, D. Caprioli, S. R. Klein, D. Michta, P. Tzeferacos, F. N. Beg
We present an experimental investigation of the formation stage of a collisionless shock when the flow velocity is aligned with an ambient magnetic field utilizing laser-driven, super-Alfvénic plasma flows. As the flows interact, electromagnetic streaming instabilities develop. Proton deflectometry is used to visualize these electromagnetic fluctuations indicating the development of the ion-Weibel instability and the nonresonant instability. Hybrid simulations also show growth of the nonresonant instability and suggest that it provides an efficient source of dissipation for a shock.
我们利用激光驱动的超阿尔费尼等离子体流,对流速与环境磁场一致时无碰撞冲击的形成阶段进行了实验研究。随着气流的相互作用,电磁流不稳定性逐渐形成。质子偏转测量法用于可视化这些电磁波动,显示了离子-韦伯不稳定性和非共振不稳定性的发展。混合模拟也显示了非共振不稳定性的增长,并表明它为冲击提供了有效的耗散源。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Physical review. E
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