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Laser-driven electron source suitable for single-shot Gy-scale irradiation of biological cells at dose rates exceeding 1010 Gy/s 激光驱动电子源,适用于以超过 1010 Gy/s 的剂量率对生物细胞进行单次 Gy 级辐照
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.035204
C. A. McAnespie, P. Chaudhary, L. Calvin, M. J. V. Streeter, G. Nersysian, S. J. McMahon, K. M. Prise, G. Sarri
We report on the first systematic characterization of a tuneable laser-driven electron source capable of delivering Gy-scale doses in a duration of 10–20 ps in a single irradiation, thus reaching unprecedented dose rates in the range of 10101012 Gy/s. Detailed characterization of the source indicates, in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations, dose delivery over cm-scale areas with a high degree of spatial uniformity. The results reported here confirm that a laser-driven source of this kind can be used for systematic studies of the response of biological cells to picosecond-scale radiation at ultrahigh dose rates.
我们首次报道了一种可调激光驱动电子源的系统特性,这种电子源能够在 10-20 ps 的持续时间内提供 Gy 级剂量,从而达到前所未有的 1010-1012 Gy/s 剂量率。该源的详细特性表明,与蒙特卡洛模拟一致,在厘米级区域内的剂量传输具有高度的空间均匀性。本文报告的结果证实,这种激光驱动源可用于系统研究生物细胞对皮秒级超高剂量率辐射的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Neural density functionals: Local learning and pair-correlation matching 神经密度函数:局部学习和配对相关匹配
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.l032601
Florian Sammüller, Matthias Schmidt
Recently, Dijkman et al. [arXiv:2403.15007] proposed training classical neural density functionals via bulk pair-correlation matching. We show their method to be an efficient regularizer for neural functionals based on local learning of inhomogeneous one-body direct correlations [Sammüller et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2312484120 (2023)]. While Dijkman et al. demonstrated pair-correlation matching of a global neural free-energy functional, we argue in favor of local one-body learning for flexible neural modeling of the full Mermin-Evans density-functional map. Using spatial localization gives access to accurate neural free-energy functionals, including convolutional neural networks, that transcend the training box.
最近,Dijkman 等人[arXiv:2403.15007] 提出通过体对相关匹配来训练经典神经密度函数。我们证明了他们的方法是一种基于非均质单体直接相关局部学习的高效神经函数正则[Sammüller 等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.Dijkman 等人展示了全局神经自由能函数的成对相关匹配,而我们则主张采用局部单体学习,以灵活建立完整 Mermin-Evans 密度函数图的神经模型。利用空间定位可以获得精确的神经自由能函数,包括超越训练盒的卷积神经网络。
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引用次数: 0
Electrothermal filamentation of igniting plasmas 点燃等离子体的电热丝化
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.035205
H. Martin, R. W. Paddock, M. W. von der Leyen, V. Eliseev, R. T. Ruskov, R. Timmis, J. J. Lee, A. James, P. A. Norreys
Dense, hot plasmas are susceptible to the electrothermal instability: a collisional process which permits temperature perturbations in electron currents to grow. It is shown here that linearizing a system comprised of two opposing currents and a mobile ion background as three distinct fluids yields unstable modes with rapid growth rates (1013s1) for wavenumbers below a threshold kth. An analytical threshold condition is derived, this being surpassed for typical hot-spot and shell parameters. Particle-in-cell simulations successfully benchmark the predicted growth rates and threshold behavior. Electrothermal filamentation within the shell will impact the burn wave propagation into the cold fuel and resulting burn dynamics.
稠热等离子体容易受到电热不稳定性的影响:碰撞过程允许电子流中的温度扰动增长。本文表明,将一个由两个对立电流和一个移动离子背景组成的系统线性化为三种不同的流体,会产生不稳定模式,当波数低于阈值 kth 时,不稳定模式的增长率很快(∼1013s-1)。推导出了一个分析阈值条件,对于典型的热点和壳参数,该阈值条件已被超越。粒子内模拟成功地对预测的生长率和阈值行为进行了基准测试。壳内的电热丝将影响燃烧波向冷燃料的传播以及由此产生的燃烧动力学。
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引用次数: 0
Topological phases in population dynamics with rock-paper-scissors interactions 具有剪刀石头布相互作用的种群动力学拓扑阶段
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034208
Jinfeng Liang, Qionglin Dai, Hancheng Li, Haihong Li, Junzhong Yang
Topological phases have arisen great interests of physicists. Though most works focus on quantum systems, topological phases can also be found in nonquantum systems. In this work, we study an antisymmetric Lotka-Volterra dynamics defined on a chain of two-site cells with open boundary conditions. We find two edge-localization states, left edge-localization state, and right edge-localization state. In an edge-localization state, there exists a boundary region in which mass distribution displays an exponential decay with the distance away from the boundary. The two edge-localization states are connected by a sharp transition. To comprehend the edge-localization states, we transform the population dynamics into a non-Hermitian quantum system. Based on the generalized topological band theory of the non-Hermitian system with periodic boundary conditions, we use winding number to distinguish the left and the right edge-localization states, and the transition between these two states is identified to be a topological one.
拓扑相引起了物理学家的极大兴趣。虽然大多数研究集中于量子系统,但拓扑相也可以在非量子系统中发现。在这项工作中,我们研究了定义在具有开放边界条件的双位单元链上的反对称洛特卡-伏特拉动力学。我们发现了两种边缘定位状态,即左边缘定位状态和右边缘定位状态。在边缘定位态中,存在一个边界区域,在该区域中,质量分布随着离边界的距离呈指数衰减。两个边缘定位态通过一个急剧的过渡连接起来。为了理解边缘定位态,我们将种群动力学转化为非赫米提量子系统。根据具有周期边界条件的非赫米提系统的广义拓扑带理论,我们用绕组数来区分左侧和右侧边缘定位态,并确定这两种态之间的转变是拓扑转变。
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引用次数: 0
Renormalization of networks with weak geometric coupling 弱几何耦合网络的重正化
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.l032302
Jasper van der Kolk, Marián Boguñá, M. Ángeles Serrano
The renormalization group is crucial for understanding systems across scales, including complex networks. Renormalizing networks via network geometry, a framework in which their topology is based on the location of nodes in a hidden metric space, is one of the foundational approaches. However, the current methods assume that the geometric coupling is strong, neglecting weak coupling in many real networks. This paper extends renormalization to weak geometric coupling, showing that geometric information is essential to preserve self-similarity. Our results underline the importance of geometric effects on network topology even when the coupling to the underlying space is weak.
重正化群对于理解包括复杂网络在内的各种尺度的系统至关重要。通过网络几何对网络进行重正化是基础方法之一,在网络几何框架中,网络拓扑结构基于节点在隐藏度量空间中的位置。然而,目前的方法假定几何耦合是强耦合,忽略了许多真实网络中的弱耦合。本文将重正化扩展到弱几何耦合,表明几何信息对于保持自相似性至关重要。我们的结果强调了几何效应对网络拓扑的重要性,即使与底层空间的耦合很弱。
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引用次数: 0
Unified theory for the scaling of the crossover between strong and weak disorder behaviors of optimal paths and directed or undirected polymers in disordered media 无序介质中最优路径和有向或无向聚合物的强弱无序行为交叉缩放的统一理论
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034502
Daniel Villarrubia-Moreno, Pedro Córdoba-Torres
In this paper, we are concerned with the crossover between strong disorder (SD) and weak disorder (WD) behaviors in three well-known problems that involve minimal paths: directed polymers (directed paths with fixed starting point and length), optimal paths (undirected paths with a fixed end-to-end or spanning distance), and undirected polymers (undirected paths with a fixed starting point and length). We present a unified theoretical framework from which we can easily deduce the scaling of the crossover point of each problem in an arbitrary dimension. Our theory is based on the fact that the SD limit behavior of these systems is closely related to the corresponding percolation problem. As a result, the properties of those minimal paths are completely controlled by the so-called red bonds of percolation theory. Our model is first addressed numerically and then approximated by a two-term approach. This approach provides us with an analytical expression that seems to be reasonably accurate. The results are in perfect agreement with our simulations and with most of the results reported in related works. Our research also leads us to propose this crossover point as a universal measure of the disorder strength in each case. Interestingly, that measure depends on both the statistical properties of the disorder and the topological properties of the network.
本文关注三个涉及最小路径的著名问题中强无序(SD)和弱无序(WD)行为之间的交叉:有向聚合物(具有固定起点和长度的有向路径)、最优路径(具有固定端到端或跨距的无向路径)和无向聚合物(具有固定起点和长度的无向路径)。我们提出了一个统一的理论框架,从中可以轻松地推导出每个问题的交叉点在任意维度上的缩放。我们的理论基于这样一个事实:这些系统的 SD 极限行为与相应的渗滤问题密切相关。因此,这些最小路径的特性完全受控于所谓的渗流理论红键。我们首先对模型进行了数值处理,然后用双项方法对其进行近似。这种方法为我们提供了一个似乎相当精确的分析表达式。其结果与我们的模拟结果以及相关研究报告中的大多数结果完全一致。我们的研究还促使我们提出将交叉点作为衡量每种情况下无序强度的通用指标。有趣的是,这种测量方法既取决于无序的统计特性,也取决于网络的拓扑特性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum dynamics of wave packets in a Morse potential: A dynamical system approach 莫尔斯势中波包的量子动力学:动力系统方法
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034207
Prasun Sarkar, Rohitashwa Chattopadhyay, Jayanta K. Bhattacharjee
We show how a dynamical systems approach can, somewhat unexpectedly, be relevant in the quantum dynamics featuring oscillations and escape in the Morse potential. We compare the dynamics resulting from the approach with the results obtained from a direct numerical integration of the relevant Schrödinger equation to support our claim. An interesting finding of the numerical investigation is the marked increase in the probability of obtaining a significant fraction (more than 50%) of the wave packet in the classically forbidden range beyond a critical energy of the packet. The fact that the dynamical systems approach shows an instability near that critical energy is a definite indication of the relevance of dynamical systems to the quantum dynamics. At lower energies, the calculated mean position x and variance V from the dynamical system allow us to clearly establish the phenomenon of tunneling since the sum x+V clearly exceeds, at various times, the classical bound on displacement for the corresponding energy.
我们展示了动力学系统方法如何出人意料地与莫尔斯势中振荡和逃逸的量子动力学相关。我们将该方法得出的动力学结果与相关薛定谔方程的直接数值积分结果进行了比较,以支持我们的说法。数值研究的一个有趣发现是,在超过波包临界能量的经典禁止范围内,获得相当一部分(超过 50%)波包的概率明显增加。动力学系统方法在临界能量附近显示出不稳定性,这一事实明确表明了动力学系统与量子动力学的相关性。在较低能量下,从动力学系统计算出的平均位置〈x〉和方差 V 可以让我们清楚地确定隧穿现象,因为在不同时间,总和〈x〉+ V 明显超过了相应能量下位移的经典约束。
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引用次数: 0
Extreme fractal dimension at periodicity cascades in parameter spaces 参数空间周期级联的极限分形维度
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.l032201
Carlos E. P. Abreu, Joelson D. V. Hermes, Diogo Ricardo da Costa, Everton S. Medeiros, Rene O. Medrano-T
In the parameter spaces of nonlinear dynamical systems, we investigate the boundaries between periodicity and chaos and unveil the existence of fractal sets characterized by a singular fractal dimension that deviates greatly from the fractal sets in their vicinity. This extreme fractal dimension stands out from the typical value previously considered universal for these parameter boundaries. We show that such singular fractal sets dwell along parameter curves, called extreme curves, that intersect periodicity cascades at their centers of stability across all scales of parameter spaces. The results reported here are generally demonstrated for the class of one-dimensional maps with at least two control parameters. Generalizations to other classes of systems are possible.
在非线性动力学系统的参数空间中,我们研究了周期性和混沌之间的边界,并揭示了分形集的存在,其特征是奇异的分形维度大大偏离其附近的分形集。这种极端分形维度与之前认为这些参数边界普遍存在的典型值截然不同。我们的研究表明,这种奇异分形集沿着参数曲线(称为极端曲线)停留,这些曲线在参数空间的所有尺度上都与周期性级联的稳定中心相交。本文报告的结果一般是针对至少有两个控制参数的一维映射类。其他类别的系统也有可能适用。
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引用次数: 0
Inhomogeneity effects on earthquake fault events 非均质性对地震断层事件的影响
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034206
S. Tahir, M. Loulidi, A. Rachadi
We present a detailed analysis of the dynamical behavior of an inhomogeneous Burridge-Knopoff model, a simplified mechanical model of an earthquake. Regardless of the size of seismic faults, a soil element rarely has a continuous appearance. Instead, their surfaces have complex structures. Thus, the model we suggest keeps the full Newtonian dynamics with inertial effects of the original model, while incorporating the inhomogeneities of seismic fault surfaces in stick-slip friction force that depends on the local structure of the contact surfaces as shown in recent experiments. The numerical results of the proposed model show that the cluster size and the moment distributions of earthquake events are in agreement with the Gutenberg-Richter law without introducing any relaxation mechanism. The exponent of the power-law size distribution we obtain falls within a realistic range of value without fine tuning any parameter. On the other hand, we show that the size distribution of both localized and delocalized events obeys a power law in contrast to the homogeneous case. Thus, no crossover behavior between small and large events occurs.
我们详细分析了非均质 Burridge-Knopoff 模型的动力学行为,这是一种简化的地震力学模型。无论地震断层的大小如何,土壤元素很少具有连续的外观。相反,它们的表面具有复杂的结构。因此,我们提出的模型保留了原始模型中带有惯性效应的完全牛顿动力学,同时将地震断层表面的不均匀性纳入粘滑摩擦力中,正如最近的实验所显示的那样,粘滑摩擦力取决于接触面的局部结构。所提模型的数值结果表明,在不引入任何松弛机制的情况下,地震事件的震群大小和力矩分布与古腾堡-里克特定律一致。我们得到的幂律大小分布的指数在实际值范围内,无需微调任何参数。另一方面,我们发现局部事件和非局部事件的尺寸分布都服从幂律,这与同质情况截然不同。因此,小事件和大事件之间不会出现交叉行为。
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引用次数: 0
Higher-order interaction induced chimeralike state in a bipartite network 二方网络中的高阶交互诱导嵌合态
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.034205
Rumi Kar, V. K. Chandrasekar, D. V. Senthilkumar
We report higher-order coupling induced stable chimeralike state in a bipartite network of coupled phase oscillators without any time-delay in the coupling. We show that the higher-order interaction breaks the symmetry of the homogeneous synchronized state to facilitate the manifestation of symmetry breaking chimeralike state. In particular, such symmetry breaking manifests only when the pairwise interaction is attractive and higher-order interaction is repulsive, and vice versa. Further, we also demonstrate the increased degree of heterogeneity promotes homogeneous symmetric states in the phase diagram by suppressing the asymmetric chimeralike state. We deduce the low-dimensional evolution equations for the macroscopic order parameters using Ott-Antonsen ansatz and obtain the bifurcation curves from them using the software xppaut, which agrees very well with the simulation results. We also deduce the analytical stability conditions for the incoherent state, in-phase and out-of-phase synchronized states, which match with the bifurcation curves.
我们报告了在耦合相位振荡器的双向网络中,高阶耦合诱导的稳定嵌合态,耦合过程中没有任何时间延迟。我们的研究表明,高阶相互作用打破了同质同步态的对称性,从而促进了对称性打破的嵌合态的出现。特别是,这种对称性破缺只有在成对相互作用具有吸引力而高阶相互作用具有排斥力时才会表现出来,反之亦然。此外,我们还证明了异质性程度的增加会抑制非对称嵌合态,从而促进相图中的同质对称态。我们利用 Ott-Antonsen 解析推导出了宏观阶次参数的低维演化方程,并利用 xppaut 软件从中得到了分岔曲线,这与模拟结果非常吻合。我们还推导出了非相干态、同相同步态和失相同步态的解析稳定条件,这些条件与分岔曲线相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Physical review. E
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