Introduction: Natural products such as green propolis and cinnamon have been used traditionally in medicine due to their medicinal value. Recently, interest has grown in developing nanotechnology-based approaches to enhance the biological activity of these compounds.
Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of macro-sized and nanostructured forms of green propolis and cinnamon against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Material and methods: The sonochemical method was used to synthesize green propolis nanoparticles (PNPs) and cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs). Their size was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering measurements, while they were compared with propolis (P) and cinnamon (C). The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test determined the antibacterial activity against S. mutans. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were conducted to analyze the data. Furthermore, docking calculations were carried out to examine the potential of incorporating any new supplements or therapies into your routine.
Results: The MIC were 5.46, 21.87, 21.87, and 175 g/L for PNPs, P, CNPs, and C groups, respectively. The PNPs exhibited the most significant antibacterial effect while C was weakest. About antioxidant activity, PNPs and P exhibited significant differences from other groups (P = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively), while CNPs and C showed no significant difference between each other (P = 0.07). The docking calculations revealed a strong interaction between both nanoparticles and S. mutans. The binding energy of dihydroflavonols on propolis nanoparticles was -6.83 kcal/mol, indicating a stable connection.
导言:绿蜂胶和肉桂等天然产品因其药用价值一直被用于传统医药中。最近,人们对开发基于纳米技术的方法来增强这些化合物的生物活性越来越感兴趣:本研究通过 2,2-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)测定法,评估了绿蜂胶和肉桂的宏观和纳米结构形式对变异链球菌(S. mutans)的抗氧化和抗菌特性:采用声化学法合成绿色蜂胶纳米颗粒(PNPs)和肉桂纳米颗粒(CNPs)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态光散射测量确认了它们的尺寸,并与蜂胶(P)和肉桂(C)进行了比较。抗氧化活性采用 DPPH 法进行测定,而最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 试验则确定了对突变菌的抗菌活性。对数据进行了单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和 Tukey 后检验(α = 0.05)。此外,还进行了对接计算,以研究将任何新的补充剂或疗法纳入常规的可能性:PNPs、P、CNPs 和 C 组的 MIC 分别为 5.46、21.87、21.87 和 175 g/L。PNPs 的抗菌效果最显著,而 C 的抗菌效果最弱。在抗氧化活性方面,PNPs 和 P 组与其他组之间存在显著差异(P = 0.000 和 0.001),而 CNPs 和 C 组之间没有显著差异(P = 0.07)。对接计算显示,两种纳米粒子与突变体之间都有很强的相互作用。双氢黄酮醇在蜂胶纳米粒子上的结合能为-6.83 kcal/mol,表明两者之间存在稳定的联系。
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant effects of propolis nanoparticles and cinnamon nanostructures in preventive dentistry: Experimental and theoretical approaches.","authors":"Faeze Hamze, Mahnaz Amiri, Zeinab Sadat Islami, Tayebeh Shamspur, Razieh Razavi, Payam Khazaeli","doi":"10.1002/pca.3405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Natural products such as green propolis and cinnamon have been used traditionally in medicine due to their medicinal value. Recently, interest has grown in developing nanotechnology-based approaches to enhance the biological activity of these compounds.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of macro-sized and nanostructured forms of green propolis and cinnamon against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The sonochemical method was used to synthesize green propolis nanoparticles (PNPs) and cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs). Their size was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering measurements, while they were compared with propolis (P) and cinnamon (C). The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test determined the antibacterial activity against S. mutans. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were conducted to analyze the data. Furthermore, docking calculations were carried out to examine the potential of incorporating any new supplements or therapies into your routine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC were 5.46, 21.87, 21.87, and 175 g/L for PNPs, P, CNPs, and C groups, respectively. The PNPs exhibited the most significant antibacterial effect while C was weakest. About antioxidant activity, PNPs and P exhibited significant differences from other groups (P = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively), while CNPs and C showed no significant difference between each other (P = 0.07). The docking calculations revealed a strong interaction between both nanoparticles and S. mutans. The binding energy of dihydroflavonols on propolis nanoparticles was -6.83 kcal/mol, indicating a stable connection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kabre L Heck, Yuyan Yi, Destini Thornton, Jingyi Zheng, Angela I Calderón
Introduction: Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a botanical of interest to many who seek functional foods that provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients are increasingly taking botanical dietary supplements containing açaí to complement their conventional therapeutics, which may lead to serious adverse events. Before testing our açaí extracts in vitro for botanical-drug interactions, the goal is to chemically characterize our extracts for compounds whose biological activity in açaí is unknown.
Objective: The objective of this work was to develop a chemical fingerprinting method for untargeted characterization of açaí samples from a variety of sources, including food products and botanical dietary supplement capsules, made with multiple extraction solvents.
Methods: An optimized LC-MS method was generated for in-depth untargeted fingerprinting of chemical constituents in açaí extracts. Statistical analysis models were used to describe relationships between the açaí extracts based on molecular features found in both positive and negative mode ESI.
Results: In an attempt to elucidate the differences in metabolites among açaí extracts from different cultivars, we identified or tentatively identified 173 metabolites from the 16 extracts made from 6 different sources. Of these compounds, there are 138 reported in açaí for the first time. Statistical models showed similar yet distinct differences between the extracts tested based on the polarity of compounds present and the origin of the source material.
Conclusion: A high-resolution mass spectrometry method was generated that allowed us to greatly characterize 16 complex extracts made from different sources of açaí with different extraction solvent polarities.
{"title":"A comparative metabolomics analysis of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit, food powder, and botanical dietary supplement extracts.","authors":"Kabre L Heck, Yuyan Yi, Destini Thornton, Jingyi Zheng, Angela I Calderón","doi":"10.1002/pca.3416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a botanical of interest to many who seek functional foods that provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients are increasingly taking botanical dietary supplements containing açaí to complement their conventional therapeutics, which may lead to serious adverse events. Before testing our açaí extracts in vitro for botanical-drug interactions, the goal is to chemically characterize our extracts for compounds whose biological activity in açaí is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this work was to develop a chemical fingerprinting method for untargeted characterization of açaí samples from a variety of sources, including food products and botanical dietary supplement capsules, made with multiple extraction solvents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An optimized LC-MS method was generated for in-depth untargeted fingerprinting of chemical constituents in açaí extracts. Statistical analysis models were used to describe relationships between the açaí extracts based on molecular features found in both positive and negative mode ESI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In an attempt to elucidate the differences in metabolites among açaí extracts from different cultivars, we identified or tentatively identified 173 metabolites from the 16 extracts made from 6 different sources. Of these compounds, there are 138 reported in açaí for the first time. Statistical models showed similar yet distinct differences between the extracts tested based on the polarity of compounds present and the origin of the source material.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high-resolution mass spectrometry method was generated that allowed us to greatly characterize 16 complex extracts made from different sources of açaí with different extraction solvent polarities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yutong Zhang, Yuchi Zhang, Sainan Li, Chunming Liu, Jiaqi Liang, Yuyu Nong, Ming Chen, Ruijun Sun
Introduction: Sophora flavescens Aiton (Fabaceae), a ubiquitous plant species in Asia, contains a wide range of pharmacologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, with potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) effects.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to develop a quaternity method for the screening, isolation, extraction optimization, and activity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting compounds from S. flavescens to realize high-throughput screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine and to provide experimental data for the development of anti-AD drugs.
Methods: With AChE as the target molecule, affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to screen for potential inhibitors of the enzyme in S. flavescens. Orthogonal array experiments combined with the multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III was used for the first time to optimize the process for extracting the active substances. Enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies were performed to verify the potential anti-AD effects of the active compounds.
Results: Five AChE-inhibiting compounds were identified: kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, isokurarinone, and kushenol E. These were successfully separated at purities of 72.88%, 98.55%, 96.86%, 96.74%, and 95.84%, respectively, using the n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.0/5.0/4.0/5.0, v/v/v/v), n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5.0/5.0/6.0/4.0, v/v/v/v), and n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.9/5.1/5.7/4.3, v/v/v/v) mobile phase systems. Enzyme inhibition kinetics revealed that kushenol E had the best inhibitory effect.
Conclusion: This study elucidates the mechanism of action of five active AChE inhibitors in S. flavescens and provides a theoretical basis for the screening and development of anti-AD and other therapeutic drugs.
简介Sophora flavescens Aiton(豆科)是一种在亚洲无处不在的植物物种,含有多种药理活性化合物,如黄酮类化合物,具有潜在的抗老年痴呆症(anti-Alzheimer's disease,anti-AD)作用:目的:本研究旨在开发一种四元化合物筛选、分离、提取优化和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制化合物活性评价的方法,以实现中药活性物质的高通量筛选,并为抗老年痴呆症药物的开发提供实验数据:方法:以乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)为目标分子,采用亲和超滤和液相色谱-质谱联用技术筛选出潜在的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。正交阵列实验结合多目标非支配排序遗传算法 III 首次用于优化提取活性物质的过程。通过酶抑制动力学和分子对接研究,验证了活性化合物潜在的抗逆转录酶作用:结果:共鉴定出 5 种 AChE 抑制化合物:苦参醇 I、苦参环酮、槐黄酮 G、异苦参环酮和苦参醇 E。在正己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇/水(4.0/5.0/4.0/5.0,v/v/v/v)、正己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇/水(5.0/5.0/6.0/4.0,v/v/v/v)和正己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇/水(4.9/5.1/5.7/4.3,v/v/v/v)流动相体系中,这些物质的分离纯度分别为 72.88%、98.55%、96.86%、96.74% 和 95.84%。酶抑制动力学显示,草酚 E 的抑制效果最好:本研究阐明了五种活性 AChE 抑制剂在 S. flavescens 中的作用机制,为筛选和开发抗厌氧菌酶和其他治疗药物提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Quaternity method for integrated screening, separation, extraction optimization, and bioactivity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Sophora flavescens Aiton.","authors":"Yutong Zhang, Yuchi Zhang, Sainan Li, Chunming Liu, Jiaqi Liang, Yuyu Nong, Ming Chen, Ruijun Sun","doi":"10.1002/pca.3415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sophora flavescens Aiton (Fabaceae), a ubiquitous plant species in Asia, contains a wide range of pharmacologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, with potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study is to develop a quaternity method for the screening, isolation, extraction optimization, and activity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting compounds from S. flavescens to realize high-throughput screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine and to provide experimental data for the development of anti-AD drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With AChE as the target molecule, affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to screen for potential inhibitors of the enzyme in S. flavescens. Orthogonal array experiments combined with the multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III was used for the first time to optimize the process for extracting the active substances. Enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies were performed to verify the potential anti-AD effects of the active compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five AChE-inhibiting compounds were identified: kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, isokurarinone, and kushenol E. These were successfully separated at purities of 72.88%, 98.55%, 96.86%, 96.74%, and 95.84%, respectively, using the n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.0/5.0/4.0/5.0, v/v/v/v), n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5.0/5.0/6.0/4.0, v/v/v/v), and n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.9/5.1/5.7/4.3, v/v/v/v) mobile phase systems. Enzyme inhibition kinetics revealed that kushenol E had the best inhibitory effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates the mechanism of action of five active AChE inhibitors in S. flavescens and provides a theoretical basis for the screening and development of anti-AD and other therapeutic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus (CSF), a common fruit and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been hindered in its further development and research owing to the lack of comprehensive and specific quality evaluation standards.
Objective: This study aimed to establish clear TCM quality standards related to the therapeutic mechanisms of CSF and to provide a basis for subsequent research and development.
Methods: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-orbitrap HRMS) technology was used to comprehensively identify CSF components and explore their absorbance levels in rat serum. Network pharmacology research methods were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of the identified components in the treatment of major clinical diseases. Subsequently, a combination of HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting for qualitative analysis and multi-index content determination was used to evaluate the detectability of the identified quality markers (Q-markers).
Results: Twenty-six prototype components were tentatively characterized in rat serum. Network pharmacology analysis showed six effective components, namely 7-hydroxycoumarin, isoscopoletin, diosmin, hesperidin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, and bergapten, which played important roles in the treatment of chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, and depression and were preliminarily identified as Q-markers. The results of content determination in 15 batches of CSF indicated significant differences in the content of medicinal materials from different origins. However, compared with the preliminarily determined Q-markers, all six components could be measured and were determined as Q-markers of CSF.
Conclusion: The chemical Q-markers obtained in this study could be used for effective quality control of CSF.
{"title":"Quality assessment and Q-markers discovery in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology.","authors":"Yuxin Li, Mengyu Zhang, Xinyu Liu, Xiaobin Zhang, Pingchuan Pan, Rui Tan, Hezhong Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus (CSF), a common fruit and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been hindered in its further development and research owing to the lack of comprehensive and specific quality evaluation standards.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to establish clear TCM quality standards related to the therapeutic mechanisms of CSF and to provide a basis for subsequent research and development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-orbitrap HRMS) technology was used to comprehensively identify CSF components and explore their absorbance levels in rat serum. Network pharmacology research methods were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of the identified components in the treatment of major clinical diseases. Subsequently, a combination of HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting for qualitative analysis and multi-index content determination was used to evaluate the detectability of the identified quality markers (Q-markers).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six prototype components were tentatively characterized in rat serum. Network pharmacology analysis showed six effective components, namely 7-hydroxycoumarin, isoscopoletin, diosmin, hesperidin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, and bergapten, which played important roles in the treatment of chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, and depression and were preliminarily identified as Q-markers. The results of content determination in 15 batches of CSF indicated significant differences in the content of medicinal materials from different origins. However, compared with the preliminarily determined Q-markers, all six components could be measured and were determined as Q-markers of CSF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The chemical Q-markers obtained in this study could be used for effective quality control of CSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-04-19DOI: 10.1002/pca.3352
Gegentana, Feng Xu, Yan-Fei Huang, Hong-Fu Li, Ping Yang, Ming-Ying Shang, Guang-Xue Liu, Yao-Li Li, Xuan Wang, Shao-Qing Cai
Introduction: Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR) is rich in chemical constituents with a variety of pharmacological activities. However, in-depth research has yet to be conducted on the chemical and pharmacodynamic constituents of SGR.
Materials and methods: In this study, the chemical constituents of SGR were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the pharmacodynamic compounds responsible for the medicinal effects of SGR were elucidated through a literature review.
Results: In total, 20 potentially new compounds, including 16 flavonoids (C19, C20, and C27-C40) and four phenylpropanoids (C107, C112, C113, and C118), together with 161 known ones were identified in the ethanol extract of SGR using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 25 of them were unequivocally identified by comparison with reference compounds. Moreover, 17 known constituents of them were identified in the plants of genus Smilax for the first time, and 16 were identified in the plant Smilax glabra Roxb. for the first time. Of 161 known compounds, 84 constituents (including isomers) have been reported to have 17 types of pharmacological activities, covering all known pharmacological activities of SGR; among these 84 bioactive constituents, six were found in the plants of genus Smilax for the first time and five were found in S. glabra for the first time, which are new bioactive constituents found in the plants of genus Smilax and the plant S. glabra, respectively.
Conclusion: The results provide further information on the chemical composition of SGR, laying the foundation for the elucidation of the pharmacodynamic substances of SGR.
{"title":"20 potentially new compounds and 11 new bioactive constituents found in Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma utilizing HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS<sup>n</sup>.","authors":"Gegentana, Feng Xu, Yan-Fei Huang, Hong-Fu Li, Ping Yang, Ming-Ying Shang, Guang-Xue Liu, Yao-Li Li, Xuan Wang, Shao-Qing Cai","doi":"10.1002/pca.3352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR) is rich in chemical constituents with a variety of pharmacological activities. However, in-depth research has yet to be conducted on the chemical and pharmacodynamic constituents of SGR.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, the chemical constituents of SGR were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the pharmacodynamic compounds responsible for the medicinal effects of SGR were elucidated through a literature review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 20 potentially new compounds, including 16 flavonoids (C19, C20, and C27-C40) and four phenylpropanoids (C107, C112, C113, and C118), together with 161 known ones were identified in the ethanol extract of SGR using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 25 of them were unequivocally identified by comparison with reference compounds. Moreover, 17 known constituents of them were identified in the plants of genus Smilax for the first time, and 16 were identified in the plant Smilax glabra Roxb. for the first time. Of 161 known compounds, 84 constituents (including isomers) have been reported to have 17 types of pharmacological activities, covering all known pharmacological activities of SGR; among these 84 bioactive constituents, six were found in the plants of genus Smilax for the first time and five were found in S. glabra for the first time, which are new bioactive constituents found in the plants of genus Smilax and the plant S. glabra, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results provide further information on the chemical composition of SGR, laying the foundation for the elucidation of the pharmacodynamic substances of SGR.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Auxin estimation in plant tissues is a crucial component of auxin signaling studies. Despite the availability of various high-throughput auxin quantification methods like LC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC, biosensors, and DR5-gus/gfp-based assays, auxin quantification remains troublesome because these techniques are very expensive and technology intensive and they mostly involve elaborate sample preparation or require the development of transgenic plants.
Objectives: To find a solution to these problems, we made use of an old auxin detection system to quantify microbe derived auxins and modified it to effectively measure auxin levels in rice plants.
Materials and methods: Auxins from different tissues of rice plants, including root samples of seedlings exposed to IAA/TIBA or subjected to different abiotic stresses, were extracted in ethanol. The total auxin level was measured by the presently described colorimetric assay and counterchecked by other auxin estimation methods like LC-MS or gus staining of DR5-gus overexpressing lines.
Results: The presented colorimetric method could measure (1) the auxin levels in different tissues of rice plants, thus identifying the regions of higher auxin abundance, (2) the differential accumulation of auxins in rice roots when auxin or its transport inhibitor was supplied exogenously, and (3) the levels of auxin in roots of rice seedlings subjected to various abiotic stresses. The thus obtained auxin levels correlated well with the auxin levels determined by other methods like LC-MS or gus staining and the expression pattern of auxin biosynthesis pathway genes.
Conclusions: The auxin estimation method described here is simple, rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive and allows for the efficient detection of relative auxin abundances in plant tissues.
{"title":"A rapid and robust colorimetric method for measuring relative abundance of auxins in plant tissues.","authors":"Mrinalini Manna, Balakrishnan Rengasamy, Alok Krishna Sinha","doi":"10.1002/pca.3340","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Auxin estimation in plant tissues is a crucial component of auxin signaling studies. Despite the availability of various high-throughput auxin quantification methods like LC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC, biosensors, and DR5-gus/gfp-based assays, auxin quantification remains troublesome because these techniques are very expensive and technology intensive and they mostly involve elaborate sample preparation or require the development of transgenic plants.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To find a solution to these problems, we made use of an old auxin detection system to quantify microbe derived auxins and modified it to effectively measure auxin levels in rice plants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Auxins from different tissues of rice plants, including root samples of seedlings exposed to IAA/TIBA or subjected to different abiotic stresses, were extracted in ethanol. The total auxin level was measured by the presently described colorimetric assay and counterchecked by other auxin estimation methods like LC-MS or gus staining of DR5-gus overexpressing lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presented colorimetric method could measure (1) the auxin levels in different tissues of rice plants, thus identifying the regions of higher auxin abundance, (2) the differential accumulation of auxins in rice roots when auxin or its transport inhibitor was supplied exogenously, and (3) the levels of auxin in roots of rice seedlings subjected to various abiotic stresses. The thus obtained auxin levels correlated well with the auxin levels determined by other methods like LC-MS or gus staining and the expression pattern of auxin biosynthesis pathway genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The auxin estimation method described here is simple, rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive and allows for the efficient detection of relative auxin abundances in plant tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-10DOI: 10.1002/pca.3347
Wenping Liu, Rui Zhou, Jin Li, Kunze Du, Jun He, Yaqi Yao, Yanxu Chang
Introduction: Yangxinshi tablet (YXST) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation characterized by its high efficacy and safety for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Anionic compounds have been revealed as potential active components. However, there is currently limited research regarding its quality control.
Objective: We aimed to establish a strategy for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key anionic compounds in YXST.
Method: A sensitive and efficient analytical method was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key compounds in YXST using large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching and micelle electrokinetic chromatography (LVSS-PS-MEKC) coupled with diode array detection. Crucial parameters, including sample volume, applied voltage, composition and pH of the running buffer, concentration of organic modifier, and switching time of the polarity, were systematically evaluated and optimized using a single variable method to enhance separation performance. Furthermore, the impact of cyclodextrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate as electrolyte modifiers was also investigated.
Results: Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the five compounds (daidzein, puerarin, glycyrrhiztinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and salvianolic acid B) was achieved within 20 min. In comparison to the conventional MEKC mode, the constructed LVSS-PS-MEKC method exhibited a more than sixfold increase in the enrichment factor. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, 24 h stability, and recovery and successfully applied to analyze YXST samples.
Conclusion: A sensitive strategy was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key anionic components in YXST, offering a robust and efficient strategy for pharmaceutical analysis.
{"title":"Combination of large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching and micelle electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of anion compounds in Yangxinshi tablets.","authors":"Wenping Liu, Rui Zhou, Jin Li, Kunze Du, Jun He, Yaqi Yao, Yanxu Chang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3347","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Yangxinshi tablet (YXST) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation characterized by its high efficacy and safety for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Anionic compounds have been revealed as potential active components. However, there is currently limited research regarding its quality control.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to establish a strategy for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key anionic compounds in YXST.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sensitive and efficient analytical method was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key compounds in YXST using large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching and micelle electrokinetic chromatography (LVSS-PS-MEKC) coupled with diode array detection. Crucial parameters, including sample volume, applied voltage, composition and pH of the running buffer, concentration of organic modifier, and switching time of the polarity, were systematically evaluated and optimized using a single variable method to enhance separation performance. Furthermore, the impact of cyclodextrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate as electrolyte modifiers was also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the five compounds (daidzein, puerarin, glycyrrhiztinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and salvianolic acid B) was achieved within 20 min. In comparison to the conventional MEKC mode, the constructed LVSS-PS-MEKC method exhibited a more than sixfold increase in the enrichment factor. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, 24 h stability, and recovery and successfully applied to analyze YXST samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A sensitive strategy was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of five key anionic components in YXST, offering a robust and efficient strategy for pharmaceutical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) is a vital legume forage, and drought is the primary element impeding sainfoin growth.
Objective: The anatomical structure, physiological indexes, and metabolites of the leaves of sainfoin seedlings with a drought-resistant line of P1 (DRL) and a drought-sensitive material of 2049 (DSM) were analyzed under drought (-1.0 MPa) with polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000).
Methods: The leaf anatomy was studied by the paraffin section method. The related physiological indexes were measured by the hydroxylamine oxidation method, titanium sulfate colorimetric method, thiobarbituric acid method, acidic ninhydrin colorimetric method, and Coomassie brilliant blue method. The metabolomics analysis was composed of liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Results: The results revealed that the thickness of the epidermis, palisade tissue, and sponge tissue of DRL were significantly greater than those of DSM. The leaves of DRL exhibited lower levels of superoxide anion (O2•-) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with DSM, while proline (Pro) content and soluble protein (SP) content were significantly higher than those of DSM. A total of 391 differential metabolites were identified in two samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that the primary differential metabolites were concentrated into the tyrosine metabolism; isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis; ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis; neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis; and anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathways.
Conclusion: Compared with DSM, DRL had more complete anatomical structure, lower active oxygen content, and higher antioxidant level. The results improved our insights into the drought-resistant mechanisms in sainfoin.
{"title":"Integrative leaf anatomy structure, physiology, and metabolome analyses revealed the response to drought stress in sainfoin at the seedling stage.","authors":"Yuheng Yao, Lili Nan, Kun Wang, Jing Xia, Biao Ma, Jiao Cheng","doi":"10.1002/pca.3351","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) is a vital legume forage, and drought is the primary element impeding sainfoin growth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The anatomical structure, physiological indexes, and metabolites of the leaves of sainfoin seedlings with a drought-resistant line of P1 (DRL) and a drought-sensitive material of 2049 (DSM) were analyzed under drought (-1.0 MPa) with polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The leaf anatomy was studied by the paraffin section method. The related physiological indexes were measured by the hydroxylamine oxidation method, titanium sulfate colorimetric method, thiobarbituric acid method, acidic ninhydrin colorimetric method, and Coomassie brilliant blue method. The metabolomics analysis was composed of liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the thickness of the epidermis, palisade tissue, and sponge tissue of DRL were significantly greater than those of DSM. The leaves of DRL exhibited lower levels of superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub> <sup>•-</sup>) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with DSM, while proline (Pro) content and soluble protein (SP) content were significantly higher than those of DSM. A total of 391 differential metabolites were identified in two samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that the primary differential metabolites were concentrated into the tyrosine metabolism; isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis; ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis; neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis; and anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with DSM, DRL had more complete anatomical structure, lower active oxygen content, and higher antioxidant level. The results improved our insights into the drought-resistant mechanisms in sainfoin.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-10DOI: 10.1002/pca.3343
Yanni Tai, Mintong Zhao, Feng Ding, Gelin Wu, Haibin Qu, Ping Gong, Yongjian Xie, Peng Zhou, Xingchu Gong
Introduction: Despite numerous successful cases, there are still some challenges in using analytical quality by design (AQbD) for the development of analytical methods. Knowledge organization helps to enhance the objectivity of risk assessment, reduce the number of preliminary exploratory experiments, identify potential critical method parameters (CMPs) and their scope.
Objective: In the present study, we aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and robust analytical method for detecting phenolic compounds in Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates utilizing knowledge organization.
Methods: Knowledge organization and AQbD were combined to obtain the initial analytical conditions through knowledge collection, extraction, reorganization, and analysis. The quantitative relationship between critical method attributes (CMAs) and CMPs was then established by a definitive screening design. The method operable design region was calculated using an exhaustive Monte Carlo approach based on the probability of reaching the standard. Robustness investigation and methodological validation were finally performed.
Results: Analytical target profiles, CMAs, potential CMPs, and initial analytical conditions were initially identified, and the optimized ranges of operating parameters were obtained. A UHPLC method was successfully established for the analysis of phenolic compounds in ginger-ginger pinellia percolate, and the method validation outcomes were also satisfactory.
Conclusion: The developed method can be a reliable means to detect the phenolic compounds of Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates. Knowledge organization provides a new approach for making better use of prior knowledge, significantly enhancing the efficiency of analytical method development. The approach is versatile and can be similarly applied to the development of other methods.
{"title":"Analytical quality by design based on knowledge organization: A case study of developing an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method for the detection of phenolic compounds.","authors":"Yanni Tai, Mintong Zhao, Feng Ding, Gelin Wu, Haibin Qu, Ping Gong, Yongjian Xie, Peng Zhou, Xingchu Gong","doi":"10.1002/pca.3343","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite numerous successful cases, there are still some challenges in using analytical quality by design (AQbD) for the development of analytical methods. Knowledge organization helps to enhance the objectivity of risk assessment, reduce the number of preliminary exploratory experiments, identify potential critical method parameters (CMPs) and their scope.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, we aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and robust analytical method for detecting phenolic compounds in Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates utilizing knowledge organization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Knowledge organization and AQbD were combined to obtain the initial analytical conditions through knowledge collection, extraction, reorganization, and analysis. The quantitative relationship between critical method attributes (CMAs) and CMPs was then established by a definitive screening design. The method operable design region was calculated using an exhaustive Monte Carlo approach based on the probability of reaching the standard. Robustness investigation and methodological validation were finally performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analytical target profiles, CMAs, potential CMPs, and initial analytical conditions were initially identified, and the optimized ranges of operating parameters were obtained. A UHPLC method was successfully established for the analysis of phenolic compounds in ginger-ginger pinellia percolate, and the method validation outcomes were also satisfactory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed method can be a reliable means to detect the phenolic compounds of Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates. Knowledge organization provides a new approach for making better use of prior knowledge, significantly enhancing the efficiency of analytical method development. The approach is versatile and can be similarly applied to the development of other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1002/pca.3342
Gulimire Kahaer, Rahima Abdulla, Tao Wu, Haji Akber Aisa
Introduction: Mastic is a natural resin produced by Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae). The beneficial properties of this resin are attributed to its triterpenes and volatile compounds.
Objective: This study was conducted to screen and characterize the terpenes in mastic ethyl acetate extract (M-Ex).
Methods: An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) method was developed for the qualitative analysis of terpenes in M-Ex. We utilized in-house-isolated compounds as reference substance (Rs), including monoterpenes (A) with α-pinane structures, tetracyclic triterpene (B) containing tirucallane skeletons, and pentacyclic triterpene (C) belonging to olean, moronic, amyrone, and lupane types. Based on the mass spectrometric characteristics of the above compounds, and the difference in characteristic diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs) in isomeric compounds, the terpene compounds were further identified in M-Ex.
Results: Out of a total of 70 compounds, including monoterpenes and tetra-, and pentacyclic triterpenes, 20 were accurately determined by Rs, retention time (RT), and DFIs. Based on the cleavage patterns summarized from the above 20 compounds and with reference to the reported literature, another 50 compounds were putatively identified. Based on our discovery, six terpenic acids with A-seco-tirucallane types and one monoterpene dimer were identified for the first time in mastic.
Conclusion: Our research serves not only as a foundation for the rapid identification and screening of terpene compounds in mastic but also as a supplementary basis for the identification of such compounds in other types of resins.
{"title":"Systematic qualitative analysis of terpenes in mastic (Pistacia lentiscus L.) extract and their fragmentations by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS.","authors":"Gulimire Kahaer, Rahima Abdulla, Tao Wu, Haji Akber Aisa","doi":"10.1002/pca.3342","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mastic is a natural resin produced by Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae). The beneficial properties of this resin are attributed to its triterpenes and volatile compounds.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to screen and characterize the terpenes in mastic ethyl acetate extract (M-Ex).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) method was developed for the qualitative analysis of terpenes in M-Ex. We utilized in-house-isolated compounds as reference substance (Rs), including monoterpenes (A) with α-pinane structures, tetracyclic triterpene (B) containing tirucallane skeletons, and pentacyclic triterpene (C) belonging to olean, moronic, amyrone, and lupane types. Based on the mass spectrometric characteristics of the above compounds, and the difference in characteristic diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs) in isomeric compounds, the terpene compounds were further identified in M-Ex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total of 70 compounds, including monoterpenes and tetra-, and pentacyclic triterpenes, 20 were accurately determined by Rs, retention time (RT), and DFIs. Based on the cleavage patterns summarized from the above 20 compounds and with reference to the reported literature, another 50 compounds were putatively identified. Based on our discovery, six terpenic acids with A-seco-tirucallane types and one monoterpene dimer were identified for the first time in mastic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research serves not only as a foundation for the rapid identification and screening of terpene compounds in mastic but also as a supplementary basis for the identification of such compounds in other types of resins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}