Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7931056
G. Ho, Yaoran Fang, B. Pong, R. Hui
In this paper, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Planar Current Transformer is proposed for GaN synchronous rectifier. This type of current driven synchronous rectifier is also known as the “Active Diode”. Planar current transformer provides minimal thickness. Primary and secondary windings are fabricated on either side of the PCB. The shape of the windings and their relative positions are studied for the best coupling and current sensing. U shape primary winding and rectangular spiral secondary winding are found to produce a maximum coupling factor. A GaN Active Diode with the proposed PCB current transformer is built. It is adopted in a 500 KHz, 12 V to 5 V, 10 A output buck converter which demonstrates the advantages of the proposed Active Diode. A very thin Active Diode module is presented. An additional 5 % efficiency improvement is achieved compared with Schottky diode.
{"title":"Printed circuit board planar current transformer for GaN active diode","authors":"G. Ho, Yaoran Fang, B. Pong, R. Hui","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7931056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7931056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Planar Current Transformer is proposed for GaN synchronous rectifier. This type of current driven synchronous rectifier is also known as the “Active Diode”. Planar current transformer provides minimal thickness. Primary and secondary windings are fabricated on either side of the PCB. The shape of the windings and their relative positions are studied for the best coupling and current sensing. U shape primary winding and rectangular spiral secondary winding are found to produce a maximum coupling factor. A GaN Active Diode with the proposed PCB current transformer is built. It is adopted in a 500 KHz, 12 V to 5 V, 10 A output buck converter which demonstrates the advantages of the proposed Active Diode. A very thin Active Diode module is presented. An additional 5 % efficiency improvement is achieved compared with Schottky diode.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124689997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7931023
B. Bidouche, Y. Avenas, Mouslim Essakili, L. Dupont
Today, ThermoSensitive Electrical Parameters (TSEPs) are being investigated in both academic and industrial works. Nevertheless, in several cases, the temperature evaluation obtained with TSEPs can be erroneous or inaccurate. It is therefore important to propose tools which are able to evaluate the accuracy and the robustness of TSEPs in operating conditions of converters. A solution to carry out this evaluation is to use power dies including a temperature sensor in their structure. This paper evaluates the possibility of using a commercial Intelligent Power Module (IPM) with embedded sensors in IGBT dies to evaluate TSEPs under DC and switching conditions.
{"title":"Thermal characterization of an IGBT power module with on-die temperature sensors","authors":"B. Bidouche, Y. Avenas, Mouslim Essakili, L. Dupont","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7931023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7931023","url":null,"abstract":"Today, ThermoSensitive Electrical Parameters (TSEPs) are being investigated in both academic and industrial works. Nevertheless, in several cases, the temperature evaluation obtained with TSEPs can be erroneous or inaccurate. It is therefore important to propose tools which are able to evaluate the accuracy and the robustness of TSEPs in operating conditions of converters. A solution to carry out this evaluation is to use power dies including a temperature sensor in their structure. This paper evaluates the possibility of using a commercial Intelligent Power Module (IPM) with embedded sensors in IGBT dies to evaluate TSEPs under DC and switching conditions.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130466529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7931169
Pankaj Bhowmik, S. Essakiappan, M. Manjrekar
A new approach for power line conditioning has been presented in the paper. State of the art line-conditioning devices like Static Voltage Restorer (SVR), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and AC-AC power line conditioner offer higher bandwidth and low filter size requirement due to their high switching frequencies. However, commercial utilization of such devices is limited by the voltage blocking capability of power semiconductor devices employed in these converters. Recent literature reports a center-point-clamped converter topology in which the grid voltage is clamped to its midpoint to reduce the voltage stress on the bi-directional switches in the converter by 50%. This paper introduces a line conditioner based on the center-point-clamped ac-ac converter topology. A duty cycle control scheme has also been implemented for feedback control of the line conditioner. Simulation results verify that proposed line conditioner offers superior spectral content, high power transfer efficiency and reduced voltage stress on the bi-directional switches. Furthermore, the control scheme has been shown to provide up to 10% load voltage regulation under dynamic line voltage and loading conditions. Detailed experimental results from a scaled down laboratory prototype rated 500 W, verifying the operation and closed loop control of the proposed power line conditioner have been presented in this paper.
{"title":"Design of a center-point-clamped AC-AC converter based power-line conditioner","authors":"Pankaj Bhowmik, S. Essakiappan, M. Manjrekar","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7931169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7931169","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach for power line conditioning has been presented in the paper. State of the art line-conditioning devices like Static Voltage Restorer (SVR), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and AC-AC power line conditioner offer higher bandwidth and low filter size requirement due to their high switching frequencies. However, commercial utilization of such devices is limited by the voltage blocking capability of power semiconductor devices employed in these converters. Recent literature reports a center-point-clamped converter topology in which the grid voltage is clamped to its midpoint to reduce the voltage stress on the bi-directional switches in the converter by 50%. This paper introduces a line conditioner based on the center-point-clamped ac-ac converter topology. A duty cycle control scheme has also been implemented for feedback control of the line conditioner. Simulation results verify that proposed line conditioner offers superior spectral content, high power transfer efficiency and reduced voltage stress on the bi-directional switches. Furthermore, the control scheme has been shown to provide up to 10% load voltage regulation under dynamic line voltage and loading conditions. Detailed experimental results from a scaled down laboratory prototype rated 500 W, verifying the operation and closed loop control of the proposed power line conditioner have been presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123437840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7930695
Mohammad Ali Saket, M. Ordonez, N. Shafiei
Flyback and Forward converters are two commonly used topologies for isolated low power applications. In order to enhance the performance of these converters, planar transformers (PT) can be used that feature lower height, considerably lower leakage inductance, excellent thermal characteristics, repeatability, and manufacturing simplicity. Selecting a proper winding arrangement for PT is a significant challenge, in particular given the large capacitances involved in flat structures. While interleaved structures significantly reduce the AC resistance and leakage inductance of PTs, they also lead to very large inter-winding capacitance, which produces significant levels of undesired common-mode (CM) noise that causes EMI problems. This paper focuses on the creation of interleaved winding structures that minimize CM noise and EMI commonly present in PT and at the same time achieves low AC resistance and leakage inductance. The experimental results show that the proposed PTs not only have very low AC resistance and leakage inductance, but also generate extremely low levels of CM noise. Considering that the proposed PT has inter-winding capacitance equal to 700pF, it is very interesting to see that it generates significantly less CM noise than does a traditional wire-wound transformer that has only 10pF parasitic capacitance. Therefore, the proposed method gives designers the opportunity to minimize AC resistance and leakage inductance by using highly inter-leaved structures, without having to worry about CM noise caused by large inter-winding capacitance.
{"title":"Planar transformers with no common mode noise generation for flyback and forward converters","authors":"Mohammad Ali Saket, M. Ordonez, N. Shafiei","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7930695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7930695","url":null,"abstract":"Flyback and Forward converters are two commonly used topologies for isolated low power applications. In order to enhance the performance of these converters, planar transformers (PT) can be used that feature lower height, considerably lower leakage inductance, excellent thermal characteristics, repeatability, and manufacturing simplicity. Selecting a proper winding arrangement for PT is a significant challenge, in particular given the large capacitances involved in flat structures. While interleaved structures significantly reduce the AC resistance and leakage inductance of PTs, they also lead to very large inter-winding capacitance, which produces significant levels of undesired common-mode (CM) noise that causes EMI problems. This paper focuses on the creation of interleaved winding structures that minimize CM noise and EMI commonly present in PT and at the same time achieves low AC resistance and leakage inductance. The experimental results show that the proposed PTs not only have very low AC resistance and leakage inductance, but also generate extremely low levels of CM noise. Considering that the proposed PT has inter-winding capacitance equal to 700pF, it is very interesting to see that it generates significantly less CM noise than does a traditional wire-wound transformer that has only 10pF parasitic capacitance. Therefore, the proposed method gives designers the opportunity to minimize AC resistance and leakage inductance by using highly inter-leaved structures, without having to worry about CM noise caused by large inter-winding capacitance.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126464161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7931207
Renke Han, L. Meng, G. F. Trecate, E. Coelho, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero
This paper offers a highly flexible and reliable control strategy to achieve voltage bounded regulation and accurate reactive power sharing coordinately in AC Micro-Grids. A containment and consensus-based distributed coordination controller is proposed, by which each output voltage magnitude can be bounded within a reasonable range and the accurate reactive power sharing among distributed generators can be also achieved. Combined with the two proposed controllers and electrical part of the AC Micro-Grid, a small signal model is fully developed to analyze the sensitivity of different control parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in case of load variation, communication failure, plug-and-play capability are verified by the experimental setup as an islanded Micro-Grid.
{"title":"Containment and consensus-based distributed coordination control for voltage bound and reactive power sharing in AC microgrid","authors":"Renke Han, L. Meng, G. F. Trecate, E. Coelho, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7931207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7931207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a highly flexible and reliable control strategy to achieve voltage bounded regulation and accurate reactive power sharing coordinately in AC Micro-Grids. A containment and consensus-based distributed coordination controller is proposed, by which each output voltage magnitude can be bounded within a reasonable range and the accurate reactive power sharing among distributed generators can be also achieved. Combined with the two proposed controllers and electrical part of the AC Micro-Grid, a small signal model is fully developed to analyze the sensitivity of different control parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in case of load variation, communication failure, plug-and-play capability are verified by the experimental setup as an islanded Micro-Grid.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114448926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7931237
Lingxiao Xue, Jason Zhang
Traditional power amplifiers for wireless power transfer require a low voltage dc power supply generated by a power adapter. This multi-stage power conversion solution reduces the overall efficiency. A single-stage “AC-RF” power amplifier architecture using a phase-modulated full-bridge topology and high voltage GaN Power ICs is proposed to directly generate 6.78 MHz wireless power from a rectified ac source. A 50W power amplifier is built and achieves 90% ac-to-coil efficiency, which reduces overall power loss by half, comparing to existing multi-stage solutions. The operating principle of a phase-shifted full bridge power amplifier is discussed, and analytical equations are provided for the passive filter network design. A coupled ZVS-tank scheme is also proposed to improve efficiency.
{"title":"Single-stage 6.78 MHz power-amplifier design using high-voltage GaN power ICs for wireless charging applications","authors":"Lingxiao Xue, Jason Zhang","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7931237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7931237","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional power amplifiers for wireless power transfer require a low voltage dc power supply generated by a power adapter. This multi-stage power conversion solution reduces the overall efficiency. A single-stage “AC-RF” power amplifier architecture using a phase-modulated full-bridge topology and high voltage GaN Power ICs is proposed to directly generate 6.78 MHz wireless power from a rectified ac source. A 50W power amplifier is built and achieves 90% ac-to-coil efficiency, which reduces overall power loss by half, comparing to existing multi-stage solutions. The operating principle of a phase-shifted full bridge power amplifier is discussed, and analytical equations are provided for the passive filter network design. A coupled ZVS-tank scheme is also proposed to improve efficiency.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117274238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7930773
C. Barth, J. Colmenares, T. Foulkes, K. Coulson, Jesus Sotelo, T. Modeer, N. Miljkovic, R. Pilawa-Podgurski
This work investigates the potential for high power density, high efficiency power conversion at extreme cold temperatures, for hybrid electric aircraft applications. A 1 kW GaN-based 3-level power converter was designed and successfully tested from room temperature down to −140 °C, using a custom milled cold-plate. Along with the first demonstration of a flying capacitor multi-level converter and associated components at such low temperature, this work characterized the effect on power conversion losses of various components as a function of temperature. A key finding is that careful attention must be paid to the passive component losses which can increase as the temperature is reduced.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of a 1 kW, single-phase, 3-level gallium nitride inverter in extreme cold environment","authors":"C. Barth, J. Colmenares, T. Foulkes, K. Coulson, Jesus Sotelo, T. Modeer, N. Miljkovic, R. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7930773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7930773","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the potential for high power density, high efficiency power conversion at extreme cold temperatures, for hybrid electric aircraft applications. A 1 kW GaN-based 3-level power converter was designed and successfully tested from room temperature down to −140 °C, using a custom milled cold-plate. Along with the first demonstration of a flying capacitor multi-level converter and associated components at such low temperature, this work characterized the effect on power conversion losses of various components as a function of temperature. A key finding is that careful attention must be paid to the passive component losses which can increase as the temperature is reduced.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123376082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7930693
Bingyao Sun, R. Burgos, D. Boroyevich
As silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices become commercially available nowadays, high switching frequency operation becomes a popular way to increase the power converter efficiency and power density. A key trade-off of these gains is the increasing electromagnetic inference (EMI) noise. In order to attenuate the EMI noise from the power loop into the auxiliary sources, the isolation capacitance in the isolated gate drive power supply is expected to be as small as possible. To this end, a gate drive power supply dedicated to driving two 650 V GaN devices in a phase leg is presented with a PCB-embedded transformer as substrate, achieving an ultra-low inter-capacitance 1.6 pF, high efficiency 83% and high power density 72 W/in3. The power supply uses active-clamp flyback topology, switching at 1 MHz with soft-switching technique, and owns two isolated outputs, generating 1 W each. A PCB-embedded transformer is proposed, whose toroidal core and three windings are fully embedded into PCB, using standard lamination process, in favor of high-integration converter design.
随着碳化硅(SiC)和氮化镓(GaN)器件的商业化，高开关频率操作成为提高功率变换器效率和功率密度的流行方法。这些增益的一个关键代价是不断增加的电磁干扰(EMI)噪声。为了衰减从电源环路进入辅助源的电磁干扰噪声，期望隔离栅驱动电源中的隔离电容尽可能小。为此，提出了一种专用于驱动两个650 V GaN器件的栅极驱动电源，该电源以pcb嵌入式变压器为衬底，实现了超低间电容1.6 pF，高效率83%和高功率密度72 W/in3。该电源采用有源钳位反激拓扑，在1mhz下使用软开关技术切换，并具有两个隔离输出，每个输出产生1w。提出了一种PCB嵌入式变压器，其环形铁芯和三个绕组完全嵌入PCB中，采用标准的层压工艺，有利于高集成度转换器的设计。
{"title":"2 W Gate drive power supply design with PCB-embedded transformer substrate","authors":"Bingyao Sun, R. Burgos, D. Boroyevich","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7930693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7930693","url":null,"abstract":"As silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices become commercially available nowadays, high switching frequency operation becomes a popular way to increase the power converter efficiency and power density. A key trade-off of these gains is the increasing electromagnetic inference (EMI) noise. In order to attenuate the EMI noise from the power loop into the auxiliary sources, the isolation capacitance in the isolated gate drive power supply is expected to be as small as possible. To this end, a gate drive power supply dedicated to driving two 650 V GaN devices in a phase leg is presented with a PCB-embedded transformer as substrate, achieving an ultra-low inter-capacitance 1.6 pF, high efficiency 83% and high power density 72 W/in3. The power supply uses active-clamp flyback topology, switching at 1 MHz with soft-switching technique, and owns two isolated outputs, generating 1 W each. A PCB-embedded transformer is proposed, whose toroidal core and three windings are fully embedded into PCB, using standard lamination process, in favor of high-integration converter design.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129406766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7930929
A. Cervera, S. Ben-Yaakov, M. Peretz
In this study, a switched-resonator converter with high efficiency over a wide conversion ratio range is introduced. Inspired by the gyrator resonant switched-capacitor concept, the new topology provides high efficiency over wide and continuous range of conversion ratios using a single resonator. This is enabled by new modes of operation (switching sequences) developed and analyzed in this study, that modifies the charge-balance of the flying capacitor. By that, the efficiency characteristics of the converter can be shaped to peak at various conversion ratios. A generalized methodology is presented to describe resonator-type converters with multiple operation-modes as two-ports, which is then used to analyze three showcase operational modes of the presented topology. Experimental results of the three modes validate the developed theoretical model, and demonstrate the superiority of the concept in terms of efficiency (over 10%) and current-sourcing capabilities (over 80%) using a compact 5W prototype.
{"title":"Single-stage switched-resonator converter topology with wide conversion ratio for volume-sensitive applications","authors":"A. Cervera, S. Ben-Yaakov, M. Peretz","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7930929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7930929","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a switched-resonator converter with high efficiency over a wide conversion ratio range is introduced. Inspired by the gyrator resonant switched-capacitor concept, the new topology provides high efficiency over wide and continuous range of conversion ratios using a single resonator. This is enabled by new modes of operation (switching sequences) developed and analyzed in this study, that modifies the charge-balance of the flying capacitor. By that, the efficiency characteristics of the converter can be shaped to peak at various conversion ratios. A generalized methodology is presented to describe resonator-type converters with multiple operation-modes as two-ports, which is then used to analyze three showcase operational modes of the presented topology. Experimental results of the three modes validate the developed theoretical model, and demonstrate the superiority of the concept in terms of efficiency (over 10%) and current-sourcing capabilities (over 80%) using a compact 5W prototype.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124150685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-26DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2017.7930719
Jan S. Rentmeister, J. Stauth
This work explores the well-known challenge of achieving voltage balance of capacitors in arbitrary (N-level) flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) converters. In particular, we explore the relationships among measurable circuit waveforms and flying capacitor voltage ‘states’. These are used to derive a set of sufficient conditions that ensure balance of the median capacitor voltage levels. It is shown that various forms of current-limit control (e.g. traditional peak or valley current-mode control, or low-frequency sampled regulation of peak of valley current levels), combined with modest additional criteria, will guarantee voltage balance. The concept is highlighted with a 7-level FCML converter operating with a 48 V supply, a 2 V output, and up to 10 A load current. The converter uses a GaN powertrain to achieve a compact layout and low parasitics. A digital control algorithm is used to regulate valley currents and the converter output voltage. Valley current detection and nested low-frequency feedback regulation is highlighted in the experimental prototype.
{"title":"A 48V:2V flying capacitor multilevel converter using current-limit control for flying capacitor balance","authors":"Jan S. Rentmeister, J. Stauth","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2017.7930719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2017.7930719","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the well-known challenge of achieving voltage balance of capacitors in arbitrary (N-level) flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) converters. In particular, we explore the relationships among measurable circuit waveforms and flying capacitor voltage ‘states’. These are used to derive a set of sufficient conditions that ensure balance of the median capacitor voltage levels. It is shown that various forms of current-limit control (e.g. traditional peak or valley current-mode control, or low-frequency sampled regulation of peak of valley current levels), combined with modest additional criteria, will guarantee voltage balance. The concept is highlighted with a 7-level FCML converter operating with a 48 V supply, a 2 V output, and up to 10 A load current. The converter uses a GaN powertrain to achieve a compact layout and low parasitics. A digital control algorithm is used to regulate valley currents and the converter output voltage. Valley current detection and nested low-frequency feedback regulation is highlighted in the experimental prototype.","PeriodicalId":201289,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126020348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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