Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60609
Shi-Qian Xu, Xiao-Dong Li, Jian-guo Zhang
The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris were extracted by steam distillationꎬ organic solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction. The amountsꎬ compositions and relative contents of the essential oils extracted from the three methods were compared. The results showed that the amount of essential oils extracted by steam distillation was 0 21%ꎬ the main chemical components were thymol(36 53%)ꎬ benzeneꎬ 1 ̄methyl ̄3 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl) ̄(14 13%)ꎬ 1ꎬ4 ̄cyclohexadieneꎬ 1 ̄methyl ̄4 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl) (8 09%)ꎬ and caryophyllene (4 14%)ꎻ the amount of essential oils extracted by organic solvent extraction was 0 19%ꎬ the main components were 1ꎬ2 ̄benzenedicarboxylic acidꎬ mono(2 ̄ethylhexyl)ester(55 23%)ꎬ thymol (8 73%)ꎬ and 1ꎬ4 ̄cyclohexadieneꎬ 1 ̄methyl ̄4 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl)(5 23%)ꎻ and the amount of essential oils extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction was 0 27%ꎬ the main components were thymol(26 68%)ꎬ 2 ̄propenoic acidꎬ 3 ̄phenyl ̄ꎬ methyl ester(21 55%)ꎬ and benzeneꎬ 1 ̄ methyl ̄3 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl) (9 69%) . Based on the qualityꎬ major chemical compositions and extraction amount of essential oilsꎬ the steam distillation was the best method to extract essential oils from Thymus vulgaris.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Essential Oil Quality and Composition from Tissue Culture Seedlings ofThymus vulgarisL. Using Different Extraction Methods","authors":"Shi-Qian Xu, Xiao-Dong Li, Jian-guo Zhang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60609","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris were extracted by steam distillationꎬ organic solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction. The amountsꎬ compositions and relative contents of the essential oils extracted from the three methods were compared. The results showed that the amount of essential oils extracted by steam distillation was 0 21%ꎬ the main chemical components were thymol(36 53%)ꎬ benzeneꎬ 1 ̄methyl ̄3 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl) ̄(14 13%)ꎬ 1ꎬ4 ̄cyclohexadieneꎬ 1 ̄methyl ̄4 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl) (8 09%)ꎬ and caryophyllene (4 14%)ꎻ the amount of essential oils extracted by organic solvent extraction was 0 19%ꎬ the main components were 1ꎬ2 ̄benzenedicarboxylic acidꎬ mono(2 ̄ethylhexyl)ester(55 23%)ꎬ thymol (8 73%)ꎬ and 1ꎬ4 ̄cyclohexadieneꎬ 1 ̄methyl ̄4 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl)(5 23%)ꎻ and the amount of essential oils extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction was 0 27%ꎬ the main components were thymol(26 68%)ꎬ 2 ̄propenoic acidꎬ 3 ̄phenyl ̄ꎬ methyl ester(21 55%)ꎬ and benzeneꎬ 1 ̄ methyl ̄3 ̄(1 ̄methylethyl) (9 69%) . Based on the qualityꎬ major chemical compositions and extraction amount of essential oilsꎬ the steam distillation was the best method to extract essential oils from Thymus vulgaris.","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69789809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.10080
S. Fu, Hanbin Bao, W. Ke, Yuan Ye, You-hao Guo
{"title":"Histochemical Observation of Polysaccharides and Lipids on Developing Anthers of Oenanthe javanica D.C","authors":"S. Fu, Hanbin Bao, W. Ke, Yuan Ye, You-hao Guo","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.10080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.10080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69787787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20186
Qing-Hui Guo, Lin Liu
Minor veins in watermelon leaf blades were studied by transmission electron microscopy.The minor vein was a vascular bundle surrounded by large bundle sheath cells.Xylem parenchyma cells and vessel elements were arranged in a linear form,whereas phloem parenchyma cells,companion cells,and sieve elements aggregated to form the head.Two types of companion cells can be distinguished based on their ultrastructural features.One type(2a type) was smaller,contains larger vacuoles,and possessed few plasmodesmata,which did not branch.The other type was located on both sides of the phloem and contacted the vascular bundle sheath with a large area.This type was typically characterized by the presence of abundant vesicles in cytoplasm and numerous branched plasmodesmata across its walls.These features define the cells as intermediary cells.Therefore,it was proposed that watermelon belongs to plants that possess two types of companion cells in the same minor veins.
{"title":"Ultrastructural Study on Minor Veins in Watermelon Leaf Blades","authors":"Qing-Hui Guo, Lin Liu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.20186","url":null,"abstract":"Minor veins in watermelon leaf blades were studied by transmission electron microscopy.The minor vein was a vascular bundle surrounded by large bundle sheath cells.Xylem parenchyma cells and vessel elements were arranged in a linear form,whereas phloem parenchyma cells,companion cells,and sieve elements aggregated to form the head.Two types of companion cells can be distinguished based on their ultrastructural features.One type(2a type) was smaller,contains larger vacuoles,and possessed few plasmodesmata,which did not branch.The other type was located on both sides of the phloem and contacted the vascular bundle sheath with a large area.This type was typically characterized by the presence of abundant vesicles in cytoplasm and numerous branched plasmodesmata across its walls.These features define the cells as intermediary cells.Therefore,it was proposed that watermelon belongs to plants that possess two types of companion cells in the same minor veins.","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69788411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60540
Hong Pan, Yang Yang, Yu Tang
Compsopogon specimens were collected in Dingnanshui River from Longchuan Countyꎬ Guangdong Province in August 2009. The morphological characters of the specimen were similar to Compsopogon caeruleus and C sparsus. Plants were 10 -18 cm high and 180-270 μm in diameterꎬ main axes were slight constricted. Axial cells were nearly spherical and spheroidicꎬ 100-110 μm high and 150-200 μm in diameter. Cross wall was constricted apparently. Cortical cells were one layered while 2 3 layered at constricted axial cellsꎬ polygonal or ovoid shapedꎬ 25-35 μm longꎬ 20-25 μm in diameter. Branching horizontal and lateralꎬ some basal cells specialized as rhizoid on the plants. Apex of branches acuminateꎬ acute or binary. Monosporangia sphericalꎬ 10-14 μm in diameter. The specimen may be a transitive type of C caeruleus and C sparsus in evolution.
{"title":"Morphological Description and Taxonomy ofCompsopogonsp. (Compsopogonaceae,Rhodophyta) from Guangdong Province","authors":"Hong Pan, Yang Yang, Yu Tang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60540","url":null,"abstract":"Compsopogon specimens were collected in Dingnanshui River from Longchuan Countyꎬ Guangdong Province in August 2009. The morphological characters of the specimen were similar to Compsopogon caeruleus and C sparsus. Plants were 10 -18 cm high and 180-270 μm in diameterꎬ main axes were slight constricted. Axial cells were nearly spherical and spheroidicꎬ 100-110 μm high and 150-200 μm in diameter. Cross wall was constricted apparently. Cortical cells were one layered while 2 3 layered at constricted axial cellsꎬ polygonal or ovoid shapedꎬ 25-35 μm longꎬ 20-25 μm in diameter. Branching horizontal and lateralꎬ some basal cells specialized as rhizoid on the plants. Apex of branches acuminateꎬ acute or binary. Monosporangia sphericalꎬ 10-14 μm in diameter. The specimen may be a transitive type of C caeruleus and C sparsus in evolution.","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69789288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60590
X. Gu, Yi Wang, M. Ren, S. Gao, Lin Zhu, Jianqing Ding
Triadica sebifera( Euphorbiaceae) is an important economic and ornamental tree species in South China. Here,we analyzed and compared tannins and flavonoids content in both tallow leaves and latex. We found that the content of two tannins and two flavonoids in latex were lower than those in leaves. This indicated that most tannins and flavonoids existed in tallow leaves. We also found that tannins and flavonoids content differed among seven populations,which may be associated with different habitats and herbivores.
{"title":"Phenolic Chemical Analyses in Leaves and Latex of Triadica sebifera","authors":"X. Gu, Yi Wang, M. Ren, S. Gao, Lin Zhu, Jianqing Ding","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.60590","url":null,"abstract":"Triadica sebifera( Euphorbiaceae) is an important economic and ornamental tree species in South China. Here,we analyzed and compared tannins and flavonoids content in both tallow leaves and latex. We found that the content of two tannins and two flavonoids in latex were lower than those in leaves. This indicated that most tannins and flavonoids existed in tallow leaves. We also found that tannins and flavonoids content differed among seven populations,which may be associated with different habitats and herbivores.","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"473 1","pages":"590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.10064
Jingxin Wei, Hai-Ling Yang
Plant glutathione peroxidases(GPX) are a group of enzymes that regulate levels of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues,and protect them against oxidative damage.In this study,two GPX genes(OsGPX3 and OsGPX4) were cloned from Oryza sativa.The OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 genes encoded two proteins of 238 and 234 amino acid residues,with calculated molecular masses of 25.84 kDa and 25.07 kDa,respectively.Genomic sequence analysis showed OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 contained five introns.Reverse transcription PCR revealed that OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 were constitutive expression genes in O.sativa.The OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 proteins were overexpressed in E.coli,and were purified by Ni-affinity chromatography.The OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 proteins showed enzymatic activities towards substrates H2O2,tBOOH and COOH.However,OsGPX3 showed higher enzymatic activities to the three substrates than did OsGPX4,suggesting functional divergence between the OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 genes.
{"title":"Functional Divergence of Two Glutathione Peroxidase Genes in Oryza sativa","authors":"Jingxin Wei, Hai-Ling Yang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.10064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.10064","url":null,"abstract":"Plant glutathione peroxidases(GPX) are a group of enzymes that regulate levels of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues,and protect them against oxidative damage.In this study,two GPX genes(OsGPX3 and OsGPX4) were cloned from Oryza sativa.The OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 genes encoded two proteins of 238 and 234 amino acid residues,with calculated molecular masses of 25.84 kDa and 25.07 kDa,respectively.Genomic sequence analysis showed OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 contained five introns.Reverse transcription PCR revealed that OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 were constitutive expression genes in O.sativa.The OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 proteins were overexpressed in E.coli,and were purified by Ni-affinity chromatography.The OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 proteins showed enzymatic activities towards substrates H2O2,tBOOH and COOH.However,OsGPX3 showed higher enzymatic activities to the three substrates than did OsGPX4,suggesting functional divergence between the OsGPX3 and OsGPX4 genes.","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69788022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.30304
F. Liang, Liang Yuanxue, Liu Dongdong, Cao Xianying, Zheng Yusheng
{"title":"Dynamic expression analysis of miRNAs during the development process of oil palm mesocarp.","authors":"F. Liang, Liang Yuanxue, Liu Dongdong, Cao Xianying, Zheng Yusheng","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.30304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1142.2013.30304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20134,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"304-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69788261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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