Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011030
Florian Vogel, Philipp Baumgärtel, Matthias Fuchs
We study amorphous solids with strong elastic disorder and find an unjamming instability that exists, in a harmonic model built using Euclidean random matrices (ERMs). Employing the Zwanzig-Mori projection operator formalism and Gaussian factorization approximations, we develop a first-principles, self-consistent theory of transverse momentum correlations in athermal disordered materials, extending beyond the standard self-consistent Born approximation. The vibrational anomalies in glass at low temperatures are recovered in the stable solid limit, and floppy modes lacking restoring forces are predicted in unstable states below the jamming transition. Near the unjamming transition, the speed of sound v0⊥ vanishes with ∝−ε, where ε denotes the distance from the critical point. Additionally, the density of states develops a plateau, independent of ε above a frequency ω* which vanishes at the transition, ω*∝|ε|. We identify a characteristic length scale in the unjammed phase, λ−⊥∝1/ε, indicating the distance over which injected momentum remains correlated. We confirm the theoretical predictions with numerical solutions of a scalar ERM model, demonstrating overall good qualitative and partly quantitative agreement. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Self-Consistent Current Response Theory of Unjamming and Vibrational Modes in Low-Temperature Amorphous Solids","authors":"Florian Vogel, Philipp Baumgärtel, Matthias Fuchs","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011030","url":null,"abstract":"We study amorphous solids with strong elastic disorder and find an unjamming instability that exists, in a harmonic model built using Euclidean random matrices (ERMs). Employing the Zwanzig-Mori projection operator formalism and Gaussian factorization approximations, we develop a first-principles, self-consistent theory of transverse momentum correlations in athermal disordered materials, extending beyond the standard self-consistent Born approximation. The vibrational anomalies in glass at low temperatures are recovered in the stable solid limit, and floppy modes lacking restoring forces are predicted in unstable states below the jamming transition. Near the unjamming transition, the speed of sound v</a:mi>0</a:mn>⊥</a:mo></a:msubsup></a:math> vanishes with <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mo>∝</c:mo><c:msqrt><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mi>ε</c:mi></c:mrow></c:msqrt></c:math>, where <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>ε</e:mi></e:math> denotes the distance from the critical point. Additionally, the density of states develops a plateau, independent of <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>ε</g:mi></g:math> above a frequency <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>ω</i:mi><i:mo>*</i:mo></i:msub></i:math> which vanishes at the transition, <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:msub><k:mi>ω</k:mi><k:mo>*</k:mo></k:msub><k:mo>∝</k:mo><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</k:mo><k:mi>ε</k:mi><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</k:mo></k:math>. We identify a characteristic length scale in the unjammed phase, <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:msubsup><o:mi>λ</o:mi><o:mo>−</o:mo><o:mo>⊥</o:mo></o:msubsup><o:mo>∝</o:mo><o:mn>1</o:mn><o:mo>/</o:mo><o:msqrt><o:mi>ε</o:mi></o:msqrt></o:math>, indicating the distance over which injected momentum remains correlated. We confirm the theoretical predictions with numerical solutions of a scalar ERM model, demonstrating overall good qualitative and partly quantitative agreement. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"78 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011031
Michele Fava, Jorge Kurchan, Silvia Pappalardi
Unitary designs have become a vital tool for investigating pseudorandomness, since they approximate the statistics of the uniform Haar ensemble. Despite their central role in quantum information, their relations to quantum chaotic evolution and, in particular, to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) are still largely debated issues. This work provides a bridge between the latter and k designs through free probability theory. First, by introducing the more general notion of k-freeness, we show that it can be used as an alternative probe to designs. In turn, free probability theory comes with several tools, useful, for instance, for the calculation of mixed moments or the so-called k-fold quantum channels. Our second result is the connection to quantum dynamics. Quantum ergodicity and, correspondingly, ETH apply to a restricted class of physical observables, as already discussed in the literature. In this spirit, we show that unitary evolution with generic Hamiltonians always leads to freeness at sufficiently long times but only when the operators considered are restricted within the ETH class. Our results provide a direct link between unitary designs, quantum chaos, and the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and shed new light on the universality of late-time quantum dynamics. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Designs via Free Probability","authors":"Michele Fava, Jorge Kurchan, Silvia Pappalardi","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011031","url":null,"abstract":"Unitary designs have become a vital tool for investigating pseudorandomness, since they approximate the statistics of the uniform Haar ensemble. Despite their central role in quantum information, their relations to quantum chaotic evolution and, in particular, to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) are still largely debated issues. This work provides a bridge between the latter and k</a:mi></a:math> designs through free probability theory. First, by introducing the more general notion of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>k</c:mi></c:math>-freeness, we show that it can be used as an alternative probe to designs. In turn, free probability theory comes with several tools, useful, for instance, for the calculation of mixed moments or the so-called <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>k</e:mi></e:math>-fold quantum channels. Our second result is the connection to quantum dynamics. Quantum ergodicity and, correspondingly, ETH apply to a restricted class of physical observables, as already discussed in the literature. In this spirit, we show that unitary evolution with generic Hamiltonians always leads to freeness at sufficiently long times but only when the operators considered are restricted within the ETH class. Our results provide a direct link between unitary designs, quantum chaos, and the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and shed new light on the universality of late-time quantum dynamics. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011029
Christophe Cassens, Bernd Meyer-Hoppe, Ernst Rasel, Carsten Klempt
Interferometers based on ultracold atoms enable an absolute measurement of inertial forces with unprecedented precision. However, their resolution is fundamentally restricted by quantum fluctuations. Improved resolutions with entangled or squeezed atoms were demonstrated in internal-state measurements for thermal and quantum-degenerate atoms and, recently, for momentum-state interferometers with laser-cooled atoms. Here, we present a gravimeter based on Bose-Einstein condensates with a sensitivity of −1.7−0.5+0.4dB beyond the standard quantum limit. Interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates combined with delta-kick collimation minimizes atom loss in and improves scalability of the interferometer to very-long-baseline atom interferometers. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Entanglement-Enhanced Atomic Gravimeter","authors":"Christophe Cassens, Bernd Meyer-Hoppe, Ernst Rasel, Carsten Klempt","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011029","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometers based on ultracold atoms enable an absolute measurement of inertial forces with unprecedented precision. However, their resolution is fundamentally restricted by quantum fluctuations. Improved resolutions with entangled or squeezed atoms were demonstrated in internal-state measurements for thermal and quantum-degenerate atoms and, recently, for momentum-state interferometers with laser-cooled atoms. Here, we present a gravimeter based on Bose-Einstein condensates with a sensitivity of −</a:mo>1.7</a:mn>−</a:mo>0.5</a:mn></a:mrow>+</a:mo>0.4</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msubsup></a:mtext></a:mtext>dB</a:mi></a:math> beyond the standard quantum limit. Interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates combined with delta-kick collimation minimizes atom loss in and improves scalability of the interferometer to very-long-baseline atom interferometers. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011028
Z. H. Sun, A. Ekström, C. Forssén, G. Hagen, G. R. Jansen, T. Papenbrock
Atomic nuclei exhibit multiple energy scales ranging from hundreds of MeV in binding energies to fractions of an MeV for low-lying collective excitations. As the limits of nuclear binding are approached near the neutron and proton drip lines, traditional shell structure starts to melt with an onset of deformation and an emergence of coexisting shapes. It is a long-standing challenge to describe this multiscale physics starting from nuclear forces with roots in quantum chromodynamics. Here, we achieve this within a unified and nonperturbative quantum many-body framework that captures both short- and long-range correlations starting from modern nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory. The short-range (dynamic) correlations which account for the bulk of the binding energy are included within a symmetry-breaking framework, while long-range (static) correlations (and fine details about the collective structure) are included by employing symmetry projection techniques. Our calculations accurately reproduce—within theoretical error bars—available experimental data for low-lying collective states and the electromagnetic quadrupole transitions in Ne</a:mi></a:mrow>20</a:mn>−</a:mo>30</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow></a:math>. In addition, we reveal coexisting spherical and deformed shapes in <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:mmultiscripts><c:mrow><c:mi>Ne</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mprescripts/><c:none/><c:mrow><c:mn>30</c:mn></c:mrow></c:mmultiscripts></c:mrow></c:math>, which indicates the breakdown of the magic neutron number <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mi>N</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>20</e:mn></e:math> as the key nucleus <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mmultiscripts><g:mrow><g:mi mathvariant="normal">O</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mprescripts/><g:none/><g:mrow><g:mn>28</g:mn></g:mrow></g:mmultiscripts></g:mrow></g:math> is approached, and we predict that the drip line nuclei <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><j:mrow><j:mmultiscripts><j:mrow><j:mi>Ne</j:mi></j:mrow><j:mprescripts/><j:none/><j:mrow><j:mn>32</j:mn><j:mo>,</j:mo><j:mn>34</j:mn></j:mrow></j:mmultiscripts></j:mrow></j:math> are strongly deformed and collective. By developing reduced-order models for symmetry-projected states, we perform a global sensitivity analysis and find that the subleading singlet <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><l:mi>S</l:mi></l:math>-wave contact and a pion-nucleon coupling strongly impact nuclear deformation in chiral effective field theory. The techniques developed in this work clarify how microscopic nuclear forces generate the multiscale physics of nuclei spanning collective phenomena as well as short-range correlations and allow one to capture emergent and dynamical phenomena in finite fermion systems such as atom clusters, mo
{"title":"Multiscale Physics of Atomic Nuclei from First Principles","authors":"Z. H. Sun, A. Ekström, C. Forssén, G. Hagen, G. R. Jansen, T. Papenbrock","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011028","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic nuclei exhibit multiple energy scales ranging from hundreds of MeV in binding energies to fractions of an MeV for low-lying collective excitations. As the limits of nuclear binding are approached near the neutron and proton drip lines, traditional shell structure starts to melt with an onset of deformation and an emergence of coexisting shapes. It is a long-standing challenge to describe this multiscale physics starting from nuclear forces with roots in quantum chromodynamics. Here, we achieve this within a unified and nonperturbative quantum many-body framework that captures both short- and long-range correlations starting from modern nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory. The short-range (dynamic) correlations which account for the bulk of the binding energy are included within a symmetry-breaking framework, while long-range (static) correlations (and fine details about the collective structure) are included by employing symmetry projection techniques. Our calculations accurately reproduce—within theoretical error bars—available experimental data for low-lying collective states and the electromagnetic quadrupole transitions in Ne</a:mi></a:mrow>20</a:mn>−</a:mo>30</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow></a:math>. In addition, we reveal coexisting spherical and deformed shapes in <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mmultiscripts><c:mrow><c:mi>Ne</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mprescripts/><c:none/><c:mrow><c:mn>30</c:mn></c:mrow></c:mmultiscripts></c:mrow></c:math>, which indicates the breakdown of the magic neutron number <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>N</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>20</e:mn></e:math> as the key nucleus <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mrow><g:mmultiscripts><g:mrow><g:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mprescripts/><g:none/><g:mrow><g:mn>28</g:mn></g:mrow></g:mmultiscripts></g:mrow></g:math> is approached, and we predict that the drip line nuclei <j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><j:mrow><j:mmultiscripts><j:mrow><j:mi>Ne</j:mi></j:mrow><j:mprescripts/><j:none/><j:mrow><j:mn>32</j:mn><j:mo>,</j:mo><j:mn>34</j:mn></j:mrow></j:mmultiscripts></j:mrow></j:math> are strongly deformed and collective. By developing reduced-order models for symmetry-projected states, we perform a global sensitivity analysis and find that the subleading singlet <l:math xmlns:l=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><l:mi>S</l:mi></l:math>-wave contact and a pion-nucleon coupling strongly impact nuclear deformation in chiral effective field theory. The techniques developed in this work clarify how microscopic nuclear forces generate the multiscale physics of nuclei spanning collective phenomena as well as short-range correlations and allow one to capture emergent and dynamical phenomena in finite fermion systems such as atom clusters, mo","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011026
Nikolas Liebster, Marius Sparn, Elinor Kath, Jelte Duchene, Keisuke Fujii, Sarah L. Görlitz, Tilman Enss, Helmut Strobel, Markus K. Oberthaler
The formation of patterns in driven systems has been studied extensively, and their emergence can be connected to a fine balance of instabilities and stabilization mechanisms. While the early phase of pattern formation can be understood on the basis of linear stability analyses, the longtime dynamics can only be described by accounting for the interactions between the excitations generated by the drive. Here, we observe the stabilization of square patterns in an interaction-driven, two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. These patterns emerge due to inherent high-order processes that become relevant in the regime of large phonon occupations. Theoretically, this can be understood as the emergence of a stable fixed point of coupled nonlinear amplitude equations, which include phonon-phonon interactions. We experimentally probe the predicted flows toward such a stable fixed point, as well as repulsion from a saddle fixed point, using the experimental control unique to quantum gases. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Observation of Pattern Stabilization in a Driven Superfluid","authors":"Nikolas Liebster, Marius Sparn, Elinor Kath, Jelte Duchene, Keisuke Fujii, Sarah L. Görlitz, Tilman Enss, Helmut Strobel, Markus K. Oberthaler","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011026","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of patterns in driven systems has been studied extensively, and their emergence can be connected to a fine balance of instabilities and stabilization mechanisms. While the early phase of pattern formation can be understood on the basis of linear stability analyses, the longtime dynamics can only be described by accounting for the interactions between the excitations generated by the drive. Here, we observe the stabilization of square patterns in an interaction-driven, two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. These patterns emerge due to inherent high-order processes that become relevant in the regime of large phonon occupations. Theoretically, this can be understood as the emergence of a stable fixed point of coupled nonlinear amplitude equations, which include phonon-phonon interactions. We experimentally probe the predicted flows toward such a stable fixed point, as well as repulsion from a saddle fixed point, using the experimental control unique to quantum gases. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A vortex is a topological defect in the superconducting condensate when a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, as elucidated by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Because of the confinement of the quasiparticles by a vortex, it exhibits a circular-shaped pattern of bound states with discrete energy levels, as predicted by the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon theory in 1964. Here, however, we report a completely new type of vortex pattern which is necklacelike in an iron-based superconductor KCa2Fe4As4F2. Our theoretical analysis shows that this necklacelike vortex pattern arises primarily from selective off-shell interference between vortex bound states of opposite angular momenta in the presence of rotational symmetry breaking due to disorders. This fascinating effect can be observed in a system with a small Fermi energy and wave vector, conditions fortuitously met in our samples. Our results not only disclose a novel vortex structure, but also unravel a completely new quantum phenomenon in the superconducting condensate. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Necklacelike Pattern of Vortex Bound States","authors":"Zhiyong Hou, Kailun Chen, Wenshan Hong, Da Wang, Wen Duan, Huan Yang, Shiliang Li, Huiqian Luo, Qiang-Hua Wang, Tao Xiang, Hai-Hu Wen","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011027","url":null,"abstract":"A vortex is a topological defect in the superconducting condensate when a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, as elucidated by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Because of the confinement of the quasiparticles by a vortex, it exhibits a circular-shaped pattern of bound states with discrete energy levels, as predicted by the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon theory in 1964. Here, however, we report a completely new type of vortex pattern which is necklacelike in an iron-based superconductor KCa</a:mi></a:mrow>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub>Fe</a:mi></a:mrow>4</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub>As</a:mi></a:mrow>4</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub>F</a:mi></a:mrow>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math>. Our theoretical analysis shows that this necklacelike vortex pattern arises primarily from selective off-shell interference between vortex bound states of opposite angular momenta in the presence of rotational symmetry breaking due to disorders. This fascinating effect can be observed in a system with a small Fermi energy and wave vector, conditions fortuitously met in our samples. Our results not only disclose a novel vortex structure, but also unravel a completely new quantum phenomenon in the superconducting condensate. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011025
Jeet Shah, Gautam Nambiar, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Victor Galitski
Quantum spin liquids are exotic phases of matter whose low-energy physics is described as the deconfined phase of an emergent gauge theory. With recent theory proposals and an experiment showing preliminary signs of Z2 topological order [G. Semeghini , ], Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as a promising platform to realize a quantum spin liquid. In this work, we propose a way to realize a U(1) quantum spin liquid in three spatial dimensions, described by the deconfined phase of U(1) gauge theory in a pyrochlore lattice Rydberg atom array. We study the ground state phase diagram of the proposed Rydberg system as a function of experimentally relevant parameters. Within our calculation, we find that by tuning the Rabi frequency, one can access both the confinement-deconfinement transition driven by a proliferation of “magnetic” monopoles and the Higgs transition driven by a proliferation of “electric” charges of the emergent gauge theory. We suggest experimental probes for distinguishing the deconfined phase from ordered phases. This work serves as a proposal to access a confinement-deconfinement transition in three spatial dimensions on a Rydberg-based quantum simulator. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Quantum Spin Ice in Three-Dimensional Rydberg Atom Arrays","authors":"Jeet Shah, Gautam Nambiar, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Victor Galitski","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011025","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum spin liquids are exotic phases of matter whose low-energy physics is described as the deconfined phase of an emergent gauge theory. With recent theory proposals and an experiment showing preliminary signs of Z</a:mi>2</a:mn></a:msub></a:math> topological order [G. Semeghini , ], Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as a promising platform to realize a quantum spin liquid. In this work, we propose a way to realize a U(1) quantum spin liquid in three spatial dimensions, described by the deconfined phase of U(1) gauge theory in a pyrochlore lattice Rydberg atom array. We study the ground state phase diagram of the proposed Rydberg system as a function of experimentally relevant parameters. Within our calculation, we find that by tuning the Rabi frequency, one can access both the confinement-deconfinement transition driven by a proliferation of “magnetic” monopoles and the Higgs transition driven by a proliferation of “electric” charges of the emergent gauge theory. We suggest experimental probes for distinguishing the deconfined phase from ordered phases. This work serves as a proposal to access a confinement-deconfinement transition in three spatial dimensions on a Rydberg-based quantum simulator. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum key distribution offers a promising avenue for establishing secure communication networks. However, its performance is significantly hampered by the conventional two-level information carriers (i.e., qubits) due to their limited information capacity and noise resilience. A fundamental approach to overcoming these limitations involves the adoption of high-dimensional qudits. Practical qudit platforms require robust propagation, outstanding controllability, and extreme compactness, to which integrated photonics provides a promising solution. Here, we achieved, for the first time, microlaser-enabled high-dimensional quantum communication through leveraging spin-orbit photon qudits, where the dynamical generation and manipulation of these multi-degrees-of-freedom complex quantum state are realized by a non-Hermitian-physics-driven integrated microlaser quantum transmitter. Such a microlaser photon manipulation, as a novel route towards high-dimensional quantum state generation, promises high energy efficiency, along with fast, compact, and precise qudit state reconfigurability. The four spin-orbit eigenstates emitted by the microlaser possess the same spatial-temporal structures, ensuring homogeneity between all qudit states used for key distribution, which effectively eliminates propagation dephasing and walk-off problems, thereby delivering the high-dimensional spin-orbit secret key generation to construct a robust quantum link. The demonstrated long-term system stability showcases the practical potential of the microlaser quantum transmitter, providing a critical step towards compact, high-information-capacity quantum communication networks. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution by a Spin-Orbit Microlaser","authors":"Yichi Zhang, Haoqi Zhao, Tianwei Wu, Zihe Gao, Li Ge, Liang Feng","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011024","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum key distribution offers a promising avenue for establishing secure communication networks. However, its performance is significantly hampered by the conventional two-level information carriers (i.e., qubits) due to their limited information capacity and noise resilience. A fundamental approach to overcoming these limitations involves the adoption of high-dimensional qudits. Practical qudit platforms require robust propagation, outstanding controllability, and extreme compactness, to which integrated photonics provides a promising solution. Here, we achieved, for the first time, microlaser-enabled high-dimensional quantum communication through leveraging spin-orbit photon qudits, where the dynamical generation and manipulation of these multi-degrees-of-freedom complex quantum state are realized by a non-Hermitian-physics-driven integrated microlaser quantum transmitter. Such a microlaser photon manipulation, as a novel route towards high-dimensional quantum state generation, promises high energy efficiency, along with fast, compact, and precise qudit state reconfigurability. The four spin-orbit eigenstates emitted by the microlaser possess the same spatial-temporal structures, ensuring homogeneity between all qudit states used for key distribution, which effectively eliminates propagation dephasing and walk-off problems, thereby delivering the high-dimensional spin-orbit secret key generation to construct a robust quantum link. The demonstrated long-term system stability showcases the practical potential of the microlaser quantum transmitter, providing a critical step towards compact, high-information-capacity quantum communication networks. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011023
Sili Yi, Nikolai D. Klimkin, Graham Gardiner Brown, Olga Smirnova, Serguei Patchkovskii, Ihar Babushkin, Misha Ivanov
At the fundamental level, full description of light-matter interaction requires quantum treatment of both matter and light. However, for standard light sources generating intense laser pulses carrying quadrillions of photons in a coherent state, the classical description of light during intense laser-matter interaction has been expected to be adequate. Here, we show how nonlinear optical response of matter can be controlled to generate dramatic deviations from this standard picture, including generation of several squeezed and entangled harmonics of the incident laser light. In particular, such nontrivial quantum states of harmonics are generated as soon as one of the harmonics induces a transition between different laser-dressed states of the material system. Such transitions generate an entangled light-matter wave function, which can generate quantum states of harmonics even in the absence of a quantum driving field or material correlations. In turn, entanglement of the material system with a single harmonic generates and controls entanglement between different harmonics. Hence, nonlinear media that are near resonant with at least one of the harmonics appear to be quite attractive for controlled generation of massively entangled quantum states of light. Our analysis opens remarkable opportunities at the interface of attosecond physics and quantum optics, with implications for quantum information science. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Generation of Massively Entangled Bright States of Light during Harmonic Generation in Resonant Media","authors":"Sili Yi, Nikolai D. Klimkin, Graham Gardiner Brown, Olga Smirnova, Serguei Patchkovskii, Ihar Babushkin, Misha Ivanov","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011023","url":null,"abstract":"At the fundamental level, full description of light-matter interaction requires quantum treatment of both matter and light. However, for standard light sources generating intense laser pulses carrying quadrillions of photons in a coherent state, the classical description of light during intense laser-matter interaction has been expected to be adequate. Here, we show how nonlinear optical response of matter can be controlled to generate dramatic deviations from this standard picture, including generation of several squeezed and entangled harmonics of the incident laser light. In particular, such nontrivial quantum states of harmonics are generated as soon as one of the harmonics induces a transition between different laser-dressed states of the material system. Such transitions generate an entangled light-matter wave function, which can generate quantum states of harmonics even in the absence of a quantum driving field or material correlations. In turn, entanglement of the material system with a single harmonic generates and controls entanglement between different harmonics. Hence, nonlinear media that are near resonant with at least one of the harmonics appear to be quite attractive for controlled generation of massively entangled quantum states of light. Our analysis opens remarkable opportunities at the interface of attosecond physics and quantum optics, with implications for quantum information science. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011021
L. Banszerus, C. W. Andersson, W. Marshall, T. Lindemann, M. J. Manfra, C. M. Marcus, S. Vaitiekėnas
Controlling the current-phase relation (CPR) of Josephson elements is essential for tailoring the eigenstates of superconducting qubits, tuning the properties of parametric amplifiers, and designing nonreciprocal superconducting devices. Here, we introduce the hybrid Josephson rhombus, a highly tunable superconducting circuit containing four semiconductor-superconductor hybrid Josephson junctions embedded in a loop. Combining magnetic frustration with gate-voltage-controlled tuning of individual Josephson couplings provides deterministic control of the harmonic content of the rhombus CPR. We show that, for balanced Josephson couplings at full frustration, the hybrid rhombus displays a π-periodic cos(2φ) potential, indicating coherent charge-4e transport. Tuning away from the balanced configuration, we observe a superconducting diode effect with efficiency exceeding 25%. These results showcase the potential of hybrid Josephson rhombi as fundamental building blocks for noise-resilient qubits and quantum devices with custom transport properties. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Hybrid Josephson Rhombus: A Superconducting Element with Tailored Current-Phase Relation","authors":"L. Banszerus, C. W. Andersson, W. Marshall, T. Lindemann, M. J. Manfra, C. M. Marcus, S. Vaitiekėnas","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011021","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling the current-phase relation (CPR) of Josephson elements is essential for tailoring the eigenstates of superconducting qubits, tuning the properties of parametric amplifiers, and designing nonreciprocal superconducting devices. Here, we introduce the hybrid Josephson rhombus, a highly tunable superconducting circuit containing four semiconductor-superconductor hybrid Josephson junctions embedded in a loop. Combining magnetic frustration with gate-voltage-controlled tuning of individual Josephson couplings provides deterministic control of the harmonic content of the rhombus CPR. We show that, for balanced Josephson couplings at full frustration, the hybrid rhombus displays a π</a:mi></a:math>-periodic <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>cos</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn><c:mi>φ</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</c:mo></c:math> potential, indicating coherent charge-<g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mn>4</g:mn><g:mi>e</g:mi></g:math> transport. Tuning away from the balanced configuration, we observe a superconducting diode effect with efficiency exceeding 25%. These results showcase the potential of hybrid Josephson rhombi as fundamental building blocks for noise-resilient qubits and quantum devices with custom transport properties. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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