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Entangled Dual-Comb Spectroscopy 纠缠双梳光谱
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1103/plh2-cr8s
Abdulkarim Hariri, Shuai Liu, Haowei Shi, Quntao Zhuang, Xudong Fan, Zheshen Zhang
Optical frequency combs have emerged as a cornerstone for a wide range of areas, including spectroscopy, ranging, optical clocks, time and frequency transfer, waveform synthesis, and communications. However, quantum-mechanical fluctuations of the optical carrier impose fundamental performance limits on the precision of classical optical frequency combs, particularly in their use for interferometry and spectroscopy. Entanglement, as a quintessential quantum resource, allows for surpassing the fundamental limits of classical systems. Here, we introduce entanglement into the realm of optical frequency combs, formulating entangled dual-comb spectroscopy (EDCS) that surmounts the fundamental limits of classical DCS. EDCS capitalizes on tailored entangled structures across the frequency comb, enabling simultaneous detection of all comb lines below the standard quantum limit of classical DCS. Applying EDCS in gas detection, we achieve a 2.6-dB enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio and a 1.7-fold reduction in integration time over classical DCS, rendering EDCS particularly suited for dynamic chemical and biological sensing, where fast, precise measurements subject to power constraints are required. EDCS opens a new avenue for exploiting quantum frequency combs, underscoring their prospects in a plethora of applications in precision metrology, spectroscopy, and timekeeping.
光学频率梳已成为广泛领域的基石，包括光谱学，测距，光学时钟，时间和频率传输，波形合成和通信。然而，光学载流子的量子力学波动对经典光学频率梳的精度施加了基本的性能限制，特别是在干涉测量和光谱学中。纠缠作为一种典型的量子资源，允许超越经典系统的基本限制。在这里，我们将纠缠引入光学频率梳领域，制定了纠缠双梳光谱（EDCS），超越了经典DCS的基本限制。EDCS利用频率梳上定制的纠缠结构，能够同时检测低于经典DCS标准量子限制的所有梳线。将EDCS应用于气体检测，我们实现了2.6 db的信噪比增强，并将集成时间减少了1.7倍，使EDCS特别适合动态化学和生物传感，这些传感需要在功率限制下进行快速，精确的测量。EDCS为开发量子频率梳开辟了一条新的途径，强调了它们在精密计量、光谱学和计时领域的大量应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Nonequilibrium Relaxation and Odd-Even Effect in Finite-Temperature Electron Gases 有限温度电子气体中的非平衡弛豫和奇偶效应
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1103/ly37-5gdw
Eric Nilsson, Ulf Gran, Johannes Hofmann
Pauli blocking in Fermi liquids imposes strong phase-space constraints on quasiparticle lifetimes, leading to a well-known quadratic-in-temperature decay rate of quasiparticle modes at low temperatures. In two-dimensional systems, however, even longer-lived modes are predicted (dubbed “odd-parity” modes) that involve a collective deformation of the Fermi distribution. Here, we present an efficient method to evaluate the full spectrum of relaxational eigenmodes of a Fermi liquid within kinetic theory. We employ this method to study the experimentally relevant case of a Fermi liquid with screened Coulomb interactions and map out the decay rates of quasiparticle modes beyond the asymptotic low-temperature limit up to the Fermi temperature, thus covering the entire temperature range of typical experiments. We confirm the existence of anomalously long-lived odd-parity modes and provide a comprehensive classification and detailed analysis of the relaxation spectrum. In particular, we find that (i) the odd-parity effect in the decay rates extends to temperatures as large as T=0.15TF, (ii) there is only a small number of long-lived odd-parity modes, with an infinite number of remaining modes that show standard Fermi-liquid scaling, and (iii) the ratio between the odd- and even-parity lifetimes is tunable with the Coulomb interaction strength, in addition to temperature, which reflects a difference in the microscopic relaxation mechanism of the modes. Our findings provide a comprehensive description of the nonequilibrium relaxation behavior of two-dimensional electron gases and bridge a significant gap in our understanding of these systems.
费米液体中的泡利阻塞对准粒子寿命施加了强烈的相空间约束，导致准粒子模式在低温下的二次衰减率。然而，在二维系统中，甚至可以预测更长寿的模式（称为“奇宇称”模式），这些模式涉及费米分布的集体变形。在这里，我们提出了一种在动力学理论中评估费米液体弛豫本征模全谱的有效方法。我们利用该方法研究了具有屏蔽库仑相互作用的费米液体的实验相关情况，并绘制了超过渐近低温极限直至费米温度的准粒子模式的衰减速率，从而覆盖了典型实验的整个温度范围。我们证实了异常长寿命奇宇称模式的存在，并提供了弛豫谱的全面分类和详细分析。特别地，我们发现(i)衰变率中的奇宇称效应延伸到T=0.15TF的温度，（ii）只有少数长寿命的奇宇称模式，其余无限数量的模式显示标准费米-液体标度，以及（iii）奇偶宇称寿命与库仑相互作用强度之间的比例是可调的，除了温度，这反映了模式的微观弛豫机制的差异。我们的发现提供了二维电子气体的非平衡弛豫行为的全面描述，并弥补了我们对这些系统的理解的重大差距。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Demonstration of High-Fidelity Logical Magic States from Code Switching 码交换中高保真逻辑状态的实验演示
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1103/dck4-x9c2
Lucas Daguerre, Robin Blume-Kohout, Natalie C. Brown, David Hayes, Isaac H. Kim
Preparation of high-fidelity logical magic states has remained as a necessary but daunting step towards building a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer. One approach is to fault-tolerantly prepare a magic state in one code and then switch to another, a method known as code switching. We experimentally demonstrate this protocol on an ion-trap quantum processor, yielding a logical magic state encoded in an error-correcting code with state-of-the-art logical fidelity. Our experiment is based on the first demonstration of code switching between color codes, from the fifteen-qubit quantum Reed-Muller code to the seven-qubit Steane code. We prepare an encoded magic state in the Steane code with 82.58% probability, with an infidelity of at most 5.1(2.7)×10−4. The reported infidelity is lower than the leading infidelity of the physical operations utilized in the protocol by a factor of at least 2.7, indicating the quantum processor is below the pseudothreshold. Furthermore, we create two copies of the magic state in the same quantum processor and perform a logical Bell basis measurement for a sample-efficient certification of the encoded magic state. The high-fidelity magic state can be combined with the already-demonstrated fault-tolerant Clifford gates, state preparation, and measurement of the 2D color code, completing a universal set of fault-tolerant computational primitives with logical error rates equal or better than the physical two-qubit error rate.
准备高保真的逻辑魔法状态仍然是构建大规模容错量子计算机的必要但艰巨的一步。一种方法是在一段代码中容错地准备一个神奇状态，然后切换到另一段代码，这种方法称为代码切换。我们在离子阱量子处理器上实验证明了这种协议，产生了一个用最先进的逻辑保真度的纠错码编码的逻辑魔法状态。我们的实验是基于第一次在颜色代码之间进行代码切换的演示，从15量子位量子Reed-Muller代码到7量子位Steane代码。我们在Steane代码中准备了一个编码的魔法状态，概率为82.58%，不忠度不超过5.1（2.7）×10−4。报告的不忠比协议中使用的物理操作的主要不忠低至少2.7倍，表明量子处理器低于伪阈值。此外，我们在同一量子处理器中创建了魔法状态的两个副本，并执行逻辑贝尔基测量，以对编码的魔法状态进行采样效率认证。高保真神奇状态可以与已经演示的容错Clifford门、状态准备和2D色码的测量相结合，完成一组通用的容错计算原语，其逻辑错误率等于或优于物理双量子位错误率。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Homes Scaling: Disorder, the Planckian Bound, and a New Universality 超越家园尺度：无序，普朗克界限，和一个新的普遍性
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1103/xbv7-3s3h
D. M. Broun, Vivek Mishra, J. S. Dodge, P. J. Hirschfeld
Beginning with high-Tc cuprate materials, it has been observed that many superconductors exhibit so-called “Homes scaling,” in which the zero-temperature superfluid density ρs0 is proportional to the product of the normal-state dc conductivity and the superconducting transition temperature σdcTc. For conventional, s-wave superconductors, such scaling has been shown to be a natural consequence of elastic-scattering disorder, not only in the extreme dirty limit, but across a broad range of scattering parameters. Here we show that when an analogous calculation is carried out for elastic scattering in d-wave superconductors, a stark contrast emerges, with ρs0∝(σdcTc)2 in the dirty limit, in apparent violation of Homes scaling. Within a simple approximate Migdal-Eliashberg treatment of inelastic scattering, we show how the observed Homes scaling is recovered. The normal-state behavior of near-optimally-doped cuprates is dominated by inelastic scattering, but significant deviations from Homes scaling occur for disorder-dominated cuprate systems, such as underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.333 and overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4, and in very clean materials with little inelastic scattering, such as Sr2
从高tc铜材料开始，人们观察到许多超导体表现出所谓的“家园尺度”，其中零温度超流体密度ρs0与正常状态直流电导率和超导转变温度σdcTc的乘积成正比。对于传统的s波超导体，这种缩放已经被证明是弹性散射无序的自然结果，不仅在极端脏极限，而且在广泛的散射参数范围内。这里我们表明，当对d波超导体中的弹性散射进行类似计算时，出现了鲜明的对比，ρ so0∝(σdcTc)2在脏极限中，明显违反了Homes标度。在非弹性散射的简单近似Migdal-Eliashberg处理中，我们展示了如何恢复观察到的Homes缩放。接近最佳掺杂的铜酸盐的正常状态行为是由非弹性散射主导的，但对于无序主导的铜酸盐体系，如欠掺杂的YBa2Cu3O6.333和过掺杂的La2−xSrxCuO4，以及非常干净的材料，如Sr2RuO4，非弹性散射很少，则会出现明显的偏离home标度。我们提出了一个修正的分析，其中原始Homes标度图的两个轴都由德鲁德等离子体质量ωp，D2归一化，并表明出现了一个新的通用标度，其中脏s波和脏d波超导体的超流体分数合并到一个点，在这个点上，普朗克边界上发生了正常状态散射。综合结果为超导体的序参量对称性、散射强度和特性分类提供了一种新的工具。虽然我们的模型是从费米液体假设开始的，但它对未掺杂铜酸盐的描述却出奇地好。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Signatures of a New Channel of the Deuteron-Deuteron Reaction at Very Low Energy 极低能量氘核-氘核反应新通道的实验特征
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1103/chlp-b215
R. Dubey, K. Czerski, Gokul Das H., A. Kowalska, N. Targosz-Sleczka, M. Kaczmarski, M. Valat
The discovery of a new, e+e− reaction channel in deuteron-deuteron (DD) fusion at very low energies might have major implications for understanding primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis, where electron-positron reaction channels are typically not considered. It could also enable research on metal hydride fusion, potentially paving the way for the design and construction of next-generation fusion energy sources. Following the first experimental indications of electron emission, we present here an extensive experimental study confirming emission of high-energy electrons from DD reaction at very low energy. A simultaneous use of Si charged particle detectors of different thicknesses and large-volume NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors has allowed the determination of the branching ratios between emitted protons, neutrons, and e+e− pairs for deuteron energies down to 5 keV. The high-energy positrons could be unambiguously detected by their bremsstrahlung spectra and annihilation radiation, supported by the eant4 Monte Carlo simulations. The theoretical calculations, based on a destructive interference between the threshold resonance and the known broad resonance in He4, agree very well with experimentally observed increase of branching ratios for lowering projectile energies. The partial width of the threshold resonance for the internal e+e− pair creation should be at least 10 times larger than that of the proton channel.
在极低能量的氘核-氘核（DD）聚变中发现了一个新的e+e−反应通道，这可能对理解原始和恒星核合成具有重大意义，在这些地方通常不考虑电子-正电子反应通道。它还可以促进金属氢化物聚变的研究，为下一代聚变能源的设计和建造铺平道路。继电子发射的第一个实验指示之后，我们在这里提出了一个广泛的实验研究，证实了DD反应在非常低的能量下发射高能电子。同时使用不同厚度的Si带电粒子探测器和大体积的NaI（Tl）和HPGe探测器，可以确定氘核能量低至5 keV时发射的质子、中子和e+e -对之间的分支比。高能正电子可以通过它们的轫致辐射光谱和湮灭辐射明确地探测到，并得到了eant4蒙特卡罗模拟的支持。理论计算基于He4中阈值共振和已知宽共振之间的破坏性干涉，与实验观察到的分支比的增加对降低弹射能量的影响非常吻合。内部e+e−对产生的阈值共振的部分宽度应至少大于质子通道的10倍。
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引用次数: 0
Heralded Entanglement of On-Demand Spin-Wave Solid-State Quantum Memories for Multiplexed Quantum Network Links 多路量子网络链路中按需自旋波固态量子存储器的预示纠缠
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1103/wvv1-6lg8
Jonathan Hänni, Alberto E. Rodríguez-Moldes, Félicien Appas, Soeren Wengerowsky, Dario Lago-Rivera, Markus Teller, Samuele Grandi, Hugues de Riedmatten
The ability to distribute heralded entanglement between distant matter nodes is a primitive for the implementation of large-scale quantum networks. Some of the most crucial requirements for future applications include high heralding rates at telecom wavelengths, multiplexed operation, and on-demand retrieval of stored excitations for synchronization of separate quantum links. Despite tremendous progress in various physical systems, the demonstration of telecom-heralded entanglement between quantum nodes featuring both multiplexed operation and on-demand retrieval remains elusive. In this work, we combine narrow band parametric photon-pair sources and solid-state quantum memories based on rare-earth doped crystals to demonstrate telecom-heralded entanglement between spatially separated spin-wave quantum memories with fully adjustable recall time and temporal multiplexing of 15 modes. In a first experiment, the storage in the spin state is conditioned on the entanglement heralding. We take advantage of the control over readout pulse phase to achieve feedforward conditional phase shifts on the stored photons depending on which heralding detector clicked. We exploit this effect to double the entanglement heralding rate for a given quantum state up to 510counts/s, with an associated detection rate of 0.32 counts/s and measured positive concurrence by up to 6 standard deviations. In a second experiment, we simulate the communication time of a long-distance link by implementing an unconditional storage scheme with a dead time of 100 μs. We take advantage of temporal multiplexing to increase the entanglement rates by a factor of 15 with respect to single mode storage, reaching a value of 22 counts/s per heralding detector. These results establish our architecture as a prime candidate for the implementation of scalable high-rate quantum network links.
在遥远的物质节点之间分布预示纠缠的能力是实现大规模量子网络的基本条件。未来应用的一些最关键的要求包括电信波长的高预告率，多路复用操作，以及为同步单独的量子链路而按需检索存储的激发。尽管在各种物理系统中取得了巨大的进步，但电信预示的量子节点之间的纠缠，具有多路复用操作和按需检索的演示仍然难以捉摸。在这项工作中，我们结合了窄带参数光子对源和基于稀土掺杂晶体的固态量子存储器，以证明具有完全可调回忆时间和15种模式的时间复用的空间分离自旋波量子存储器之间的电信预示纠缠。在第一个实验中，自旋态的存储以纠缠预示为条件。我们利用对读出脉冲相位的控制来实现存储光子的前馈条件相移，这取决于哪个预示探测器点击。我们利用这一效应将给定量子态的纠缠预示率提高了一倍，达到510counts/s，相关检测率为0.32 counts/s，并测量了高达6个标准差的正并发性。在第二个实验中，我们通过实现死区时间为100 μs的无条件存储方案来模拟远程链路的通信时间。我们利用时间复用将纠缠率提高到单模存储的15倍，达到每个预警检测器22个计数/秒的值。这些结果使我们的架构成为实现可扩展的高速量子网络链路的主要候选者。
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引用次数: 0
Sensing and Control of Single Trapped Electrons above 1 K 1k以上单捕获电子的传感与控制
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1103/vcl7-73ms
K. E. Castoria, N. R. Beysengulov, G. Koolstra, H. Byeon, E. O. Glen, M. Sammon, S. A. Lyon, J. Pollanen, D. G. Rees
Electrons trapped on the surface of cryogenic substrates (liquid helium, solid neon, or hydrogen) are an emerging platform for quantum information processing made attractive by the inherent purity of the electron environment, the scalability of trapping devices, and the predicted long lifetime of electron spin states. Here we demonstrate the spatial control and detection of single electrons above the surface of liquid helium at temperatures above 1 K. A superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator is used to read out the charge state of an electron trap defined by gate electrodes beneath the helium surface. Dispersive frequency shifts are observed as the trap is loaded with electrons, from several tens down to single electrons. These frequency shifts are in good agreement with our theoretical model that treats each electron as a classical oscillator coupled to the cavity field. This sensitive charge readout scheme can aid efforts to develop large-scale quantum processors that require the high cooling powers available in cryostats operating above 1 K.
捕获在低温底物（液氦、固体氖或氢）表面的电子是量子信息处理的新兴平台，由于电子环境的固有纯度、捕获设备的可扩展性以及电子自旋态的预期长寿命而具有吸引力。在这里，我们展示了液氦表面以上的单电子在1 K以上温度下的空间控制和探测。利用超导共面波导谐振器读出氦表面下由栅极电极定义的电子阱的电荷状态。当阱中装载电子时，可以观察到色散频移，从几十个电子到单个电子。这些频移很好地符合我们的理论模型，将每个电子视为耦合到腔场的经典振荡器。这种灵敏的电荷读出方案可以帮助开发大规模量子处理器，这些处理器需要在工作在1k以上的低温恒温器中提供高冷却功率。
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引用次数: 0
Connectivity Structure and Dynamics of Nonlinear Recurrent Neural Networks. 非线性递归神经网络的连通性结构与动力学。
IF 15.7 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1103/2jt7-c8cq
David G Clark, Owen Marschall, Alexander van Meegen, Ashok Litwin-Kumar

Studies of the dynamics of nonlinear recurrent neural networks often assume independent and identically distributed couplings, but large-scale connectomics data indicate that biological neural circuits exhibit markedly different connectivity properties. These include rapidly decaying singular-value spectra and structured singular-vector overlaps. Here, we develop a theory to analyze how these forms of structure shape high-dimensional collective activity in nonlinear recurrent neural networks. We first introduce the random-mode model, a random-matrix ensemble related to the singular-value decomposition that enables control over the spectrum and right-left mode overlaps. Then, using a novel path-integral calculation, we derive analytical expressions that reveal how connectivity structure affects features of collective dynamics: the dimension of activity, which quantifies the number of high-variance collective-activity fluctuations, and the temporal correlations that characterize the timescales of these fluctuations. We show that connectivity structure can be invisible in single-neuron activities while dramatically shaping collective activity. Furthermore, despite the nonlinear, high-dimensional nature of these networks, the dimension of activity depends on just two connectivity parameters-the variance of the couplings and the effective rank of the coupling matrix, which quantifies the number of dominant rank-one connectivity components. We contrast the effects of single-neuron heterogeneity and low dimensional connectivity, making predictions about how z-scoring data affects the dimension of activity. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of structured overlaps between left and right modes in the Drosophila connectome, incorporate them into the theory, and show how they further shape collective dynamics.

非线性递归神经网络的动力学研究通常假设独立和同分布的耦合，但大规模的连接组学数据表明，生物神经回路表现出明显不同的连接特性。这包括快速衰减的奇异值光谱和结构化的奇异向量重叠。在这里，我们发展了一个理论来分析这些形式的结构如何在非线性递归神经网络中塑造高维集体活动。我们首先介绍随机模式模型，这是一种与奇异值分解相关的随机矩阵集成，可以控制频谱和左右模式重叠。然后，使用一种新颖的路径积分计算，我们得出了揭示连通性结构如何影响集体动态特征的解析表达式：活动维度，量化了高方差集体活动波动的数量，以及表征这些波动的时间尺度的时间相关性。我们表明，连接结构在单个神经元活动中是不可见的，而在极大地影响集体活动。此外，尽管这些网络具有非线性、高维的性质，但活动的维度仅取决于两个连接参数——耦合的方差和耦合矩阵的有效秩，后者量化了排名第一的主要连接组件的数量。我们对比了单神经元异质性和低维连通性的影响，预测了z评分数据如何影响活动的维度。最后，我们证明了果蝇连接体中左右模式之间存在结构性重叠，并将其纳入理论，并展示了它们如何进一步塑造集体动力学。
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引用次数: 0
High-Performance and Reliable Probabilistic Ising Machine Based on Simulated Quantum Annealing 基于模拟量子退火的高性能可靠概率Ising机
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1103/pcmz-w776
Eleonora Raimondo, Esteban Garzón, Yixin Shao, Andrea Grimaldi, Stefano Chiappini, Riccardo Tomasello, Noraica Davila-Melendez, Jordan A. Katine, Mario Carpentieri, Massimo Chiappini, Marco Lanuzza, Pedram Khalili Amiri, Giovanni Finocchio
Probabilistic computing with p-bits is emerging as a computational paradigm for machine learning and for facing combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) with the so-called probabilistic Ising machines (PIMs). From a hardware point of view, the key elements that characterize a PIM are the random number generation, the nonlinearity, the network of coupled probabilistic bits, and the energy-minimization algorithm. Regarding the energy-minimization algorithm in this work we show that PIMs using the simulated quantum annealing (SQA) schedule exhibit better performance as compared to simulated annealing and parallel tempering in solving a number of COPs, such as maximum satisfiability problems, the planted Ising problem, and the traveling salesman problem. Additionally, we design and simulate the architecture of a fully connected CMOS-based PIM that is able to run the SQA algorithm having a spin-update time of 8 ns with a power consumption of 0.22 mW. Our results also show that SQA increases the reliability and the scalability of PIMs by compensating for device variability at an algorithmic level enabling the development of their implementation combining CMOS with different technologies such as spintronics. This work shows that the characteristics of the SQA are hardware agnostic and can be applied in the codesign of any hybrid analog-digital Ising machine implementation. Our results open a promising direction for the implementation of a new generation of reliable and scalable PIMs.
使用p位的概率计算正在成为机器学习和使用所谓的概率伊辛机（PIMs）面对组合优化问题（cop）的计算范式。从硬件的角度来看，PIM的关键要素是随机数生成、非线性、耦合概率比特网络和能量最小化算法。对于能量最小化算法，我们证明了使用模拟量子退火（SQA）调度的pim在解决最大可满足性问题、种植Ising问题和旅行商问题等多个COPs问题时表现出比模拟退火和并行回火更好的性能。此外，我们设计并模拟了一个完全连接的基于cmos的PIM架构，该架构能够运行SQA算法，自旋更新时间为8 ns，功耗为0.22 mW。我们的研究结果还表明，SQA通过在算法层面补偿器件可变性，从而提高了pim的可靠性和可扩展性，从而使其能够将CMOS与不同技术（如自旋电子学）相结合。这项工作表明，SQA的特性是硬件无关的，可以应用于任何混合模拟-数字Ising机器实现的协同设计。我们的结果为实现新一代可靠和可扩展的pim开辟了一个有希望的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Transport in a 2D Amorphous Material 二维非晶材料的热输运
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Physical Review X
Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1103/fjww-9pm3
Yuxi Wang, Nianjie Liang, Xingxing Zhang, Wujuan Yan, Haiyu He, Alfredo Fiorentino, Xinwei Tao, Ang Li, Fuwei Yang, Buxuan Li, Te-Huan Liu, Jia Zhu, Wu Zhou, Wei Wang, Stefano Baroni, Lin Zhou, Bai Song
Two-dimensional (2D) crystals proved revolutionary soon after graphene was discovered in 2004. However, 2D amorphous materials down to a single layer of atoms only became accessible in 2020, and they remain largely unexplored. In particular, the thermophysical properties of amorphous materials are of great interest upon transition from 3D to 2D. Here, we probe and simulate thermal transport in monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC). An ultralow cross-plane thermal conductivity (κ) is measured for van der Waals stacked multilayers, which is comparable to that of randomly stacked graphene despite the extra disorder in MAC. This result reveals the predominant role of the weak interlayer interactions in 2D materials. Meanwhile, an unexpectedly high in-plane κ is obtained for freestanding monolayers, which is a few times higher than what is predicted by conventional wisdom for 3D amorphous carbon with a similar sp2 fraction. This observation is primarily attributed to the dimensionality-induced reduction of anharmonicity and the unique low-frequency out-of-plane vibrational modes in MAC. Amorphous materials at the 2D limit open up new avenues for understanding and manipulating heat at the atomic scale.
2004年石墨烯被发现后不久，二维（2D）晶体被证明是革命性的。然而，直到2020年，只有单层原子的二维非晶材料才得以实现，而且它们在很大程度上仍未被探索。特别是，非晶材料在从3D到2D过渡时的热物理性质引起了极大的兴趣。在这里，我们探测和模拟了单层非晶碳（MAC）的热输运。测量了范德瓦尔斯堆叠多层材料的超低平面导热系数（κ），与随机堆叠的石墨烯相当，尽管MAC中存在额外的无序性。这一结果揭示了弱层间相互作用在二维材料中的主导作用。同时，在独立单层中获得了意想不到的高平面内κ，这比传统智慧预测的具有相似sp2分数的3D无定形碳高出几倍。这一观察结果主要归因于MAC中维数诱导的非调和性降低和独特的低频面外振动模式。二维极限下的非晶态材料为在原子尺度上理解和操纵热量开辟了新的途径。
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