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Functional Analysis of Genes Specifically Expressed during Aerial Hyphae Collapse as a Potential Signal for Perithecium Formation Induction in Fusarium graminearum. 对禾谷镰刀菌中作为包囊形成诱导潜在信号的气生菌丝崩溃过程中特异表达的基因进行功能分析
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.FT.01.2024.0007
Yun-Seon Choi, Da-Woon Kim, Sung-Hwan Yun

Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops, employs the production of sexual fruiting bodies (perithecia) on plant debris as a strategy for overwintering and dissemination. In an artificial condition (e.g., carrot agar medium), the F. graminearum Z3643 strain was capable of producing perithecia predominantly in the central region of the fungal culture where aerial hyphae naturally collapsed. To unravel the intricate relationship between natural aerial hyphae collapse and sexual development in this fungus, we focused on 699 genes differentially expressed during aerial hyphae collapse, with 26 selected for further analysis. Targeted gene deletion and quantitative real-time PCR analyses elucidated the functions of specific genes during natural aerial hyphae collapse and perithecium formation. Furthermore, comparative gene expression analyses between natural collapse and artificial removal conditions reveal distinct temporal profiles, with the latter inducing a more rapid and pronounced response, particularly in MAT gene expression. Notably, FGSG_09210 and FGSG_09896 play crucial roles in sexual development and aerial hyphae growth, respectively. Taken together, it is plausible that if aerial hyphae collapse occurs on plant debris, it may serve as a physical cue for inducing perithecium formation in crop fields, representing a survival strategy for F. graminearum during winter. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying aerial hyphae collapse provides offer potential strategies for disease control against FHB caused by F. graminearum.

禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)是谷类作物头枯病(FHB)的病原菌,它利用在植物残体上产生有性子实体(包囊)作为越冬和传播的策略。在人工条件下(如胡萝卜琼脂培养基),禾本科镰刀菌 Z3643 株能够主要在真菌培养物的中心区域产生包囊,而气生菌丝则在该区域自然塌陷。为了揭示该真菌气生菌丝自然塌陷与有性发育之间错综复杂的关系,我们重点研究了气生菌丝塌陷过程中差异表达的 699 个基因,并选择了 26 个基因进行进一步分析。靶向基因缺失和定量实时 PCR 分析阐明了特定基因在自然气生菌丝塌陷和包囊形成过程中的功能。此外,自然塌陷和人工移除条件下的基因表达比较分析显示了不同的时间曲线,后者诱导的反应更快、更明显,尤其是在 MAT 基因表达方面。值得注意的是,FGSG_09210 和 FGSG_09896 分别在有性发育和气生菌丝生长中发挥关键作用。综上所述,如果气生菌丝崩解发生在植物残体上,它可能会成为诱导作物田中包囊形成的物理线索,这也是禾谷镰孢在冬季的一种生存策略。对气生菌丝崩解的分子机制的深入研究为禾谷镰孢菌引起的 FHB 疾病防治提供了潜在的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Screening of Antagonistic Bacillus against Brown Rot in Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Preparation of Applying Bacterial Suspension. 筛选抗扁柏褐腐病的拮抗芽孢杆菌并制备应用细菌悬浮液
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2023.0107
Fengying Luo, Hang Chen, Wenjian Wei, Han Liu, Youzhong Chen, Shujiang Li

The aim of this study was to isolate biocontrol bacteria that could antagonize brown rot of Dendrocalamus latiflorus, optimize the culture conditions, and develop an effective biocontrol preparation for brown rot of D. latiflorus. This study isolated a bacterium with an antagonistic effect on bamboo brown rot from healthy D. latiflorus rhizosphere soil. Morphology, molecular biology, and physiological biochemistry methods identified it as Bacillus siamensis. The following culturing media and conditions improved the inhibition effect of B. siamensis: the best culturing media were 2% sucrose, 1.5% yeast extract, and 0.7% potassium chloride; the optimal culturing time, temperature, pH, and inoculation amount were 48 h, 30℃, 6, and 20%. The optimum formula of the applying bacterial suspension was 14% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate emulsifier, 4% Na2HPO4·2H2O, 0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thickener, and 20% B. siamensis. The pot experiment results showed the control effect of applying bacterial suspension, diluted 1,000 times is still better than that of 24% fenbuconazole suspension. The applying bacterial suspension enables reliable control of brown rot in D. latiflorus.

本研究的目的是分离能拮抗扁竹褐腐病的生物防治菌,优化培养条件,开发有效的扁竹褐腐病生物防治制剂。本研究从健康的侧柏根瘤土壤中分离出一种对竹褐腐病有拮抗作用的细菌。通过形态学、分子生物学和生理生化方法鉴定其为暹罗芽孢杆菌。以下培养基和条件提高了褐腐芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果:最佳培养基为 2%蔗糖、1.5%酵母提取物和 0.7%氯化钾;最佳培养时间、温度、pH 值和接种量分别为 48 h、30℃、6 和 20%。应用菌悬液的最佳配方为:乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠 14%、Na2HPO4-2H2O 4%、增稠剂羟丙基甲基纤维素 0.3%、暹罗酵母菌 20%。盆栽实验结果表明,稀释 1 000 倍的细菌悬浮液的防治效果仍优于 24% 的苯醚甲环唑悬浮液。使用菌悬浮剂能可靠地控制晚熟褐腐病。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Characterization of an Isolate of Bean Common Mosaic Virus First Identified in Gardenia Using Metatranscriptome and Small RNA Sequencing. 利用元转录组和小 RNA 测序首次在栀子中发现的豆类常见花叶病毒分离株的分子特征。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2023.0163
Zhong-Tian Xu, Hai-Tao Weng, Jian-Ping Chen, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Jun-Min Li, Yi-Yuan Li

Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) is a popular and economically vital plant known for its ornamental and medicinal properties. Despite its widespread cultivation, there has been no documentation of plant viruses on gardenia yet. In the present study, gardenia leaves exhibiting symptoms of plant viral diseases were sampled and sequenced by both metatranscriptome and small RNA sequencing. As a consequence, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) was identified in gardenia for the first time and named BCMV-gardenia. The full genome sequence of BCMV-gardenia is 10,054 nucleotides (nt) in length (excluding the poly (A) at the 3' termini), encoding a large polyprotein of 3,222 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that the N-termini of the polyprotein encoded by BCMV-gardenia is less conserved when compared to other BCMV isolates, whereas the C-termini is the most conserved. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that BCMV-gardenia was clustered closely with other BCMV isolates identified outside the leguminous plants. Our results indicated that the majority of BCMV-gardenia virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) were 21 nt and 22 nt, with 21 nt being more abundant. The first nucleotide at the 5' termini of vsiRNAs derived from BCMV-gardenia preferred U and A. The ratio of vsiRNAs derived from sense (51.1%) and antisense (48.9%) strands is approaching, and the distribution of vsiRNAs along the viral genome is generally even, with some hot spots forming in local regions. Our findings could provide new insights into the diversity, evolution, and host expansion of BCMV and contribute to the prevention and treatment of this virus.

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)是一种广受欢迎的重要经济植物,因其观赏和药用价值而闻名。尽管栀子被广泛种植,但目前还没有关于栀子上植物病毒的文献记载。本研究对出现植物病毒病症状的栀子叶片进行了取样,并通过元转录组和小 RNA 测序进行了测序。结果首次在栀子中发现了豆类常见花叶病毒(BCMV),并将其命名为 BCMV-栀子。BCMV-栀子的全基因组序列长度为10 054个核苷酸(不包括3'末端的聚(A)),编码3 222个氨基酸的大型多聚蛋白。序列分析表明,与其他 BCMV 分离物相比,BCMV-栀子编码的多聚蛋白的 N 端保守性较低,而 C 端保守性最高。最大似然系统进化分析表明,BCMV-gardenia 与豆科植物以外的其他 BCMV 分离物密切相关。我们的研究结果表明,BCMV-栀子病毒衍生的小干扰 RNA(vsiRNA)大多为 21 nt 和 22 nt,其中 21 nt 的含量更高。来自BCMV-栀子病毒的vsiRNA的5'末端的第一个核苷酸首选U和A,来自有义链(51.1%)和反义链(48.9%)的vsiRNA的比例接近,vsiRNA沿病毒基因组的分布总体上比较均匀,但在局部区域形成了一些热点。我们的研究结果可为BCMV的多样性、进化和宿主扩展提供新的见解,并有助于该病毒的预防和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Re-identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Species Complex Isolates in Korea and Their Host Plants. 重新鉴定韩国的 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 种复合分离株及其寄主植物。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.09.2023.0133
Le Dinh Thao, Hyorim Choi, Yunhee Choi, Anbazhagan Mageswari, Daseul Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyeon-Dong Shin, Hyowon Choi, Ho-Jong Ju, Seung-Beom Hong

The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex includes many phytopathogenic species, causing anthracnose disease on a wide range of host plants and appearing to be globally distributed. Seventy-one Colletotrichum isolates in the complex from different plants and geographic regions in Korea were preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). Most of them had been identified based on hosts and morphological features, this could lead to inaccurate species names. Therefore, the KACC isolates were re-identified using DNA sequence analyses of six loci, comprising internal transcribed spacer, gapdh, chs-1, his3, act, and tub2 in this study. Based on the combined phylogenetic analysis, KACC strains were assigned to 12 known species and three new species candidates. The detected species are C. siamense (n = 20), C. fructicola (n = 19), C. gloeosporioides (n = 9), C. aenigma (n = 5), C. camelliae (n = 3), C. temperatum (n = 3), C. musae (n = 2), C. theobromicola (n = 2), C. viniferum (n = 2), C. alatae (n = 1), C. jiangxiense (n = 1), and C. yulongense (n = 1). Of these, C. jiangxiense, C. temperatum, C. theobromicola and C. yulongense are unrecorded species in Korea. Host plant comparisons showed that 27 fungus-host associations are newly reported in the country. However, plant-fungus interactions need to be investigated by pathogenicity tests.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 复合菌种包括许多植物病原菌,可在多种寄主植物上引起炭疽病,似乎分布于全球各地。韩国农业培养物保藏中心(KACC)保藏了 71 个从韩国不同植物和地理区域分离出来的该复合菌种中的 Colletotrichum 分离物。其中大部分是根据寄主和形态特征进行鉴定的,这可能导致种名不准确。因此,本研究利用六个位点(包括内部转录间隔、gapdh、chs-1、his3、act 和 tub2)的 DNA 序列分析对 KACC 分离物进行了重新鉴定。根据系统进化分析,KACC 菌株被归入 12 个已知种和 3 个候选新种。检测到的物种为 C. siamense(n = 20)、C. fructicola(n = 19)、C. gloeosporioides(n = 9)、C. aenigma(n = 5)、C. camelliae(n = 3)、C.temperatum(n = 3)、C. musae(n = 2)、C. theobromicola(n = 2)、C. viniferum(n = 2)、C. alatae(n = 1)、C. jiangxiense(n = 1)和 C. yulongense(n = 1)。其中,C. jiangxiense、C. temperatum、C. theobromicola 和 C. yulongense 是韩国未记录的物种。寄主植物比较显示,韩国新报道了 27 种真菌-寄主关系。不过,植物与真菌之间的相互作用还需要通过致病性试验进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
An Inexpensive System for Rapid and Accurate On-site Detection of Garlic-Infected Viruses by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Followed by Array Assay. 通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和阵列检测快速准确地现场检测大蒜感染病毒的廉价系统。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.FT.11.2023.0146
Kazuyoshi Furuta, Shusuke Kawakubo, Jun Sasaki, Chikara Masuta

Garlic can be infected by a variety of viruses, but mixed infections with leek yellow stripe virus, onion yellow dwarf virus, and allexiviruses are the most damaging, so an easy, inexpensive on-site method to simultaneously detect at least these three viruses with a certain degree of accuracy is needed to produce virus-free plants. The most common laboratory method for diagnosis is multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, allexiviruses are highly diverse even within the same species, making it difficult to design universal PCR primers for all garlic-growing regions in the world. To solve this problem, we developed an inexpensive on-site detection system for the three garlic viruses that uses a commercial mobile PCR device and a compact electrophoresis system with a blue light. In this system, virus-specific bands generated by electrophoresis can be identified by eye in real time because the PCR products are labeled with a fluorescent dye, FITC. Because the electrophoresis step might eventually be replaced with a lateral flow assay (LFA), we also demonstrated that a uniplex LFA can be used for virus detection; however, multiplexing and a significant cost reduction are needed before it can be used for on-site detection.

大蒜可感染多种病毒,但韭菜黄条纹病毒、洋葱黄矮病毒和lexiviruses 的混合感染危害最大,因此需要一种简便、廉价的现场方法,以一定的准确度同时检测至少这三种病毒,从而培育出无病毒植株。最常见的实验室诊断方法是多重反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。然而,即使在同一物种中,反录病毒也具有高度的多样性,因此很难设计出适用于全球所有大蒜种植区的通用 PCR 引物。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一种针对三种大蒜病毒的廉价现场检测系统,该系统使用商用移动 PCR 设备和带蓝光的紧凑型电泳系统。在该系统中,由于 PCR 产物上有荧光染料 FITC 标记,因此电泳产生的病毒特异性条带可通过肉眼实时识别。由于电泳步骤最终可能会被侧流检测(LFA)所取代,我们还证明了单工 LFA 可用于病毒检测;不过,在将其用于现场检测之前,还需要实现多重检测并大幅降低成本。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Resistance Induction in Mungbean against Alternaria alternata through RNA Interference. 通过 RNA 干扰评估绿豆对交替孢霉的抗性诱导。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0048
Hira Abbas, Nazia Nahid, Muhammad Shah Nawaz Ul Rehman, Tayyaba Shaheen, Sadia Liaquat

A comprehensive survey of mungbean-growing areas was conducted to observe leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. Alternaria leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves. Diversity of 50 genotypes of mungbean was assessed against A. alternata and data on pathological traits was subjected to cluster analysis. The results showed that genotypes of mungbean were grouped into four clusters based on resistance parameters under the influence of disease. The principal component biplot demonstrated that all the disease-related parameters (% disease incidence, % disease intensity, lesion area, and % of infection) were strongly correlated with each other. Alt a 1 gene that is precisely found in Alternaria species and is responsible for virulence and pathogenicity. Alt a 1 gene was amplified using gene specific primers. The isolated pathogen produced similar symptoms when inoculated on mungbean and tobacco. The sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, a 600 bp fragment amplified using specific primers, ITS1 and ITS2 showed 100% identity with A. alternata. Potato virus X (PVX) -based silencing vector expressing Alt a 1 gene was constructed to control this pathogen through RNA interference in tobacco. Out of 50 inoculated plants, 9 showed delayed onset of disease. Furthermore, to confirm our findings at molecular level semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used. Both phenotypic and molecular investigation indicated that RNAi induced through the VIGS vector was efficacious in resisting the pathogen in the model host, Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To the best of our knowledge, this study has been reported for the first time.

对绿豆种植区进行了一次全面调查,以观察由交替丝核菌(Alternaria alternata)引起的叶斑病。在叶片上观察到了交替孢霉叶斑病的症状。评估了 50 种绿豆基因型对交替孢霉的多样性,并对病理特征数据进行了聚类分析。结果表明,在病害影响下,绿豆基因型根据抗性参数被分为四个群组。主成分双平面图表明,所有与病害相关的参数(病害发生率、病害强度、病害面积和感染率)之间都有很强的相关性。Alt a 1 基因恰恰存在于 Alternaria 物种中,是毒力和致病性的决定因素。Alt a 1 基因是利用基因特异性引物扩增的。分离出的病原体接种到绿豆和烟草上会产生相似的症状。使用特异引物 ITS1 和 ITS2 扩增的内部转录间隔区(ITS)600 bp 片段的序列分析表明,该病原体与交替马铃薯病毒(A. alternata)100% 相同。构建了表达 Alt a 1 基因的基于马铃薯病毒 X(PVX)的沉默载体,通过 RNA 干扰烟草来控制这种病原体。在 50 株接种植株中,有 9 株表现出延迟发病。此外,为了在分子水平上证实我们的发现,我们使用了半定量逆转录酶聚合酶链反应。表型和分子研究都表明,通过 VIGS 载体诱导的 RNAi 能有效抵抗模式宿主烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)中的病原体。据我们所知,这项研究尚属首次报道。
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引用次数: 0
Transcriptomic Insights into Abies koreana Drought Tolerance Conferred by Aureobasidium pullulans AK10. Aureobasidium pullulans AK10 对韩国赤松耐旱性的转录组学启示。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.FT.11.2023.0161
Jungwook Park, Mohamed Mannaa, Gil Han, Hyejung Jung, Hyo Seong Jeon, Jin-Cheol Kim, Ae Ran Park, Young-Su Seo

The conservation of the endangered Korean fir, Abies koreana, is of critical ecological importance. In our previous study, a yeast-like fungus identified as Aureobasidium pullulans AK10, was isolated and shown to enhance drought tolerance in A. koreana seedlings. In this study, the effectiveness of Au. pullulans AK10 treatment in enhancing drought tolerance in A. koreana was confirmed. Furthermore, using transcriptome analysis, we compared A. koreana seedlings treated with Au. pullulans AK10 to untreated controls under drought conditions to elucidate the molecular responses involved in increased drought tolerance. Our findings revealed a predominance of downregulated genes in the treated seedlings, suggesting a strategic reallocation of resources to enhance stress defense. Further exploration of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and protein-protein interaction networks revealed significant alterations in functional systems known to fortify drought tolerance, including the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, calcium signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and, crucially, flavonoid biosynthesis, renowned for enhancing plant drought resistance. These findings deepen our comprehension of how AK10 biostimulation enhances the resilience of A. koreana to drought stress, marking a substantial advancement in the effort to conserve this endangered tree species through environmentally sustainable treatment.

保护濒危的韩国冷杉(Abies koreana)对生态至关重要。在我们之前的研究中,分离出了一种类似酵母的真菌--Aureobasidium pullulans AK10,并证明它能增强韩国冷杉幼苗的耐旱性。在本研究中,Au. pullulans AK10 处理在增强朝鲜楤木耐旱性方面的有效性得到了证实。此外,我们还利用转录组分析,比较了在干旱条件下使用 Au. pullulans AK10 处理的朝鲜楤木幼苗与未处理的对照,以阐明耐旱性增强所涉及的分子反应。我们的研究结果表明,在处理过的幼苗中,下调基因占主导地位,这表明对资源进行了战略性的重新分配,以增强抗逆性。对富集的《京都基因与基因组百科全书》通路和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络的进一步探索发现,已知能增强耐旱性的功能系统发生了显著变化,包括萜类骨架生物合成、钙信号通路、丙酮酸代谢、类黄铜素生物合成,以及关键的类黄酮生物合成,而类黄酮在增强植物抗旱性方面享有盛誉。这些发现加深了我们对 AK10 生物刺激如何增强朝鲜杉抗旱能力的理解,标志着通过环境可持续处理来保护这一濒危树种的努力取得了重大进展。
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引用次数: 0
Stem Rot of Pearl Millet Prevalence, Symptomatology, Disease Cycle, Disease Rating Scale and Pathogen Characterization in Pearl Millet-Klebsiella Pathosystem. 珍珠米-克雷伯氏菌病原系统中珍珠米茎腐病的发病率、症状、病害周期、病害量表和病原特征。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.09.2023.0126
Vinod Kumar Malik, Pooja Sangwan, Manjeet Singh, Pavitra Kumari, Niharika Shoeran, Navjeet Ahalawat, Mukesh Kumar, Harsh Deep, Kamla Malik, Preety Verma, Pankaj Yadav, Sheetal Kumari, Aakash, Sambandh Dhal

The oldest and most extensively cultivated form of millet, known as pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Syn. Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), is raised over 312.00 lakh hectares in Asian and African countries. India is regarded as the significant hotspot for pearl millet diversity. In the Indian state of Haryana, where pearl millet is grown, a new and catastrophic bacterial disease known as stem rot of pearl millet spurred by the bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes (formerly Enterobacter) was first observed during fall 2018. The disease appears in form of small to long streaks on leaves, lesions on stem, and slimy rot appearance of stem. The associated bacterium showed close resemblance to Klebsiella aerogenes that was confirmed by a molecular evaluation based on 16S rDNA and gyrA gene nucleotide sequences. The isolates were also identified to be Klebsiella aerogenes based on biochemical assays, where Klebsiella isolates differed in D-trehalose and succinate alkalisation tests. During fall 2021-2023, the disease has spread all the pearl millet-growing districts of the state, extending up to 70% disease incidence in the affected fields. The disease is causing considering grain as well as fodder losses. The proposed scale, consisting of six levels (0-5), is developed where scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 have been categorized as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible disease reaction, respectively. The disease cycle, survival of pathogen, and possible losses have also been studied to understand other features of the disease.

最古老、最广泛栽培的小米是珍珠粟(Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Syn.Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke),在亚洲和非洲国家的种植面积达 312.00 万公顷。印度被认为是珍珠粟多样性的重要热点地区。在种植珍珠粟的印度哈里亚纳邦,2018 年秋季首次观察到一种由产气性克雷伯氏菌(原肠杆菌)引发的新型灾难性细菌性病害,即珍珠粟茎腐病。病害表现为叶片上出现小到长的条纹,茎干上出现病斑,茎干出现粘稠的腐烂外观。根据 16S rDNA 和 gyrA 基因核苷酸序列进行的分子评估证实,相关细菌与产气克雷伯氏菌非常相似。根据生化检测,分离物也被确定为产气克雷伯氏菌,其中克雷伯氏菌分离物在 D-三卤糖和琥珀酸碱化试验中存在差异。2021-2023 年秋季,该病已蔓延到该州所有珍珠粟种植区,受影响田块的发病率高达 70%。该病造成谷物和饲料损失。拟议的量表由六个等级(0-5)组成,其中 0、1、2、3、4 和 5 分分别代表高度抗病、抗病、中度抗病、中度易感病、易感病和高度易感病。此外,还对病害周期、病原体存活率和可能造成的损失进行了研究,以了解病害的其他特征。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation and Genome Mining of Bacillus stercoris Isolate B.PNR1 as Potential Agent for Fusarium Wilt Control and Growth Promotion of Tomato. stercoris芽孢杆菌分离株B.PNR1作为番茄枯萎病防治和生长促进剂的评价和基因组挖掘。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.01.2023.0018
Rattana Pengproh, Thanwanit Thanyasiriwat, Kusavadee Sangdee, Juthaporn Saengprajak, Praphat Kawicha, Aphidech Sangdee

Recently, strategies for controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of tomato, focus on using effective biocontrol agents. In this study, an analysis of the biocontrol and plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes of 11 isolates of loamy soil Bacillus spp. has been conducted. Among them, the isolates B.PNR1 and B.PNR2 inhibited the mycelial growth of Fol by inducing abnormal fungal cell wall structures and cell wall collapse. Moreover, broad-spectrum activity against four other plant pathogenic fungi, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc), Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum musae, and C. gloeosporioides were noted for these isolates. These two Bacillus isolates produced indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization enzymes, and amylolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. In the pot experiment, the culture filtrate from B.PNR1 showed greater inhibition of the fungal pathogens and significantly promoted the growth of tomato plants more than those of the other treatments. Isolate B.PNR1, the best biocontrol and PGP, was identified as Bacillus stercoris by its 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole genome sequencing analysis (WGS). The WGS, through genome mining, confirmed that the B.PNR1 genome contained genes/gene cluster of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase, such as fengycin, surfactin, bacillaene, subtilosin A, bacilysin, and bacillibactin, which are involved in antagonistic and PGP activities. Therefore, our finding demonstrates the effectiveness of B. stercoris strain B.PNR1 as an antagonist and for plant growth promotion, highlighting the use of this microorganism as a biocontrol agent against the Fusarium wilt pathogen and PGP abilities in tomatoes.

近年来,番茄枯萎病的病原尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici,Fol)的防治策略主要集中在使用有效的生物防治剂上。本研究对11株泥沼土壤芽孢杆菌的生防和促生长特性进行了分析。其中,分离株B.PNR1和B.PNR2通过诱导真菌细胞壁结构异常和细胞壁塌陷来抑制Fol的菌丝生长。此外,这些分离株对其他四种植物病原真菌,即尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum F.sp.cubense race 1(Foc))、硬核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)、炭疽菌(Colletotrichum musae)和球孢菌(C.gloeosporioides)具有广谱活性。这两个芽孢杆菌分离株产生吲哚乙酸、磷酸盐溶解酶、淀粉分解酶和纤维素分解酶。在盆栽试验中,B.PNR1培养滤液对真菌病原体的抑制作用更强,对番茄植株生长的促进作用也比其他处理更强。通过16S rRNA基因序列和全基因组测序分析(WGS),鉴定出最佳生防菌和PGP菌株B.PNR1为斯特氏芽孢杆菌。WGS通过基因组挖掘证实,B.PNR1基因组包含非核糖体肽合成酶/聚酮合酶的基因/基因簇,如丰霉素、表面活性素、杆菌素、枯草杆菌素a、杆菌素和杆菌肌动蛋白,它们参与拮抗和PGP活性。因此,我们的发现证明了B.stercoris菌株B.PNR1作为拮抗剂和促进植物生长的有效性,强调了该微生物作为生物防治剂对枯萎病病原体的作用和番茄中PGP的能力。
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引用次数: 0
DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants. DNA损伤通过水杨酸触发植物对病毒病原体的免疫反应。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2023.0112
Hwi-Won Jeong, Tae Ho Ryu, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Kook-Hyung Kim, Rae-Dong Jeong

Plants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. Animals are known to activate DNA damage responses (DDRs) and DNA damage sensor immune signals in response to stress, and the process is well studied in animal systems. However, the links between stress perception and immune response through DDRs remain largely unknown in plants. To determine whether DDRs induce plant resistance to pathogens, Arabidopsis plants were treated with bleomycin, a DNA damage-inducing agent, and the replication levels of viral pathogens and growth of bacterial pathogens were determined. We observed that DDR-mediated resistance was specifically activated against viral pathogens, including turnip crinkle virus (TCV). DDR increased the expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and the total salicylic acid (SA) content and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, including the WRKY signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that defense- and SA-related genes were upregulated by DDR. The atm-2atr-2 double mutants were susceptible to TCV, indicating that the main DDR signaling pathway sensors play an important role in plant immune responses. In conclusion, DDRs activated basal immune responses to viral pathogens.

植物一生都受到各种病原体的挑战,如细菌、病毒、真菌和昆虫;因此,它们进化出了几种防御机制。此外,由于生物和非生物胁迫暴露,植物已经产生了局部和系统的免疫反应。众所周知,动物会激活DNA损伤反应(DDRs)和DNA损伤传感器免疫信号来应对压力,这一过程在动物系统中得到了很好的研究。然而,在植物中,通过DDR的应激感知和免疫反应之间的联系在很大程度上仍然未知。为了确定DDRs是否诱导植物对病原体的抗性,用DNA损伤诱导剂博来霉素处理拟南芥植物,并测定病毒病原体的复制水平和细菌病原体的生长。我们观察到DDR介导的耐药性对病毒病原体(包括芜菁皱纹病毒(TCV))具有特异性激活作用。DDR增加了发病机制相关(PR)基因的表达水平和总水杨酸(SA)含量,并促进了有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶信号级联,包括拟南芥中的WRKY信号通路。转录组分析进一步显示,DDR上调了防御和SA相关基因。atm-2atr-2双突变体对TCV敏感,表明主要的DDR信号通路传感器在植物免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。总之,DDRs激活了对病毒病原体的基础免疫反应。
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引用次数: 0
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