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Evaluation of the Weeds around Capsicum annuum (CA) Cultivation Fields as Potential Habitats of CA-Infecting Viruses. 辣椒田杂草作为CA侵染病毒潜在生境的评价
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2023.0066
Min-Kyung Choi

Capsicum annuum (CA) is grown outdoors across fields in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. The weeds surrounding these fields were investigated regarding the infection of 11 viruses infecting CA during the year 2014-2018. In the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnosis, 546 out of 821 CA samples (66.5%) were infected by nine viruses, and 190 out of 918 weed samples (20.7%) were infected by eight viruses. Correlation analysis of the mutual influence of the viruses infecting CA and weeds during these 5 years showed that five viruses had significant positive correlations with the infection in both CA and weeds. Over the study period, the weeds infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in the previous year were positively correlated with the incidence of CMV infection in CA in the current year, although the correlation was lower for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) compared to CMV. The CMV infection percent was 14.0% in summer annuals, 11.4% in perennials, and 7.8% in winter annuals. However, considering the overwintering period without CA, the infection percent was 5.2% higher in winter annuals and perennials than that in summer annuals, indicating that winter annual and perennial weeds served as the main habitats for insect vectors. The TSWV infection percent in weeds was 10.4% in summer annuals, 6.4% in winter annuals, and 6.2% in perennials. The weeds surrounding CA fields, acting as the intermediate hosts, were found to be the potent sources of infection, influencing the spread and diversity of CA-infecting viruses. The results of this study can contribute to prevent viral infection in agricultural fields.

在韩国全罗北道,一年生辣椒(CA)种植在户外。在2014-2018年期间,对这些田地周围的杂草进行了11种感染CA病毒的调查。在逆转录聚合酶链反应诊断中,821份CA样品中有546份(66.5%)感染了9种病毒,918份weed样品中有190份(20.7%)感染了8种病毒。相关分析表明,5种病毒感染CA和杂草的相互影响均与CA和杂草的侵染呈显著正相关。在研究期间,前一年感染黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的杂草与当年CA中CMV感染的发病率呈正相关,尽管番茄斑驳枯萎病毒(TSWV)的相关性低于CMV。夏生、多年生和冬生的CMV感染率分别为14.0%、11.4%和7.8%。但考虑到无CA的越冬期,冬一年生和多年生植物的侵染率比夏一年生植物高5.2%,说明冬一年生和多年生杂草是媒介昆虫的主要栖息地。杂草TSWV侵染率夏季为10.4%,冬季为6.4%,多年生为6.2%。CA田周围杂草作为中间寄主,是CA侵染病毒的有力侵染源,影响CA侵染病毒的传播和多样性。本研究结果可为防治农田病毒感染提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic Analysis of the Carrot Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae in Korea. 韩国胡萝卜细菌性疫病病原体黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae)的基因组分析。
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.NT.11.2022.0149
Mi-Hyun Lee, Sung-Jun Hong, Dong Suk Park, Hyeonheui Ham, Hyun Gi Kong

Bacterial leaf blight of carrots caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc) is an important worldwide seed-borne disease. In 2012 and 2013, symptoms similar to bacterial leaf blight were found in carrot farms in Jeju Island, Korea. The phenotypic characteristics of the Korean isolation strains were similar to the type strain of Xhc. Pathogenicity showed symptoms on the 14th day after inoculation on carrot plants. Identification by genetic method was multi-position sequencing of the isolated strain JJ2001 was performed using four genes (danK, gyrB, fyuA, and rpoD). The isolated strain was confirmed to be most similar to Xhc M081. Furthermore, in order to analyze the genetic characteristics of the isolated strain, whole genome analysis was performed through the next-generation sequencing method. The draft genome size of JJ2001 is 5,443,372 bp, which contains 63.57% of G + C and has 4,547 open reading frames. Specifically, the classification of pathovar can be confirmed to be similar to that of the host lineage. Plant pathogenic factors and determinants of the majority of the secretion system are conserved in strain JJ2001. This genetic information enables detailed comparative analysis in the pathovar stage of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, these findings provide basic data for the distribution and diagnosis of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae, a major plant pathogen that infects carrots in Korea.

由黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae,Xhc)引起的胡萝卜细菌性叶枯病是一种重要的世界性种传病害。2012 年和 2013 年,韩国济州岛的胡萝卜农场发现了类似细菌性叶枯病的症状。韩国分离菌株的表型特征与 Xhc 的模式菌株相似。胡萝卜植株在接种后第 14 天出现致病症状。通过基因方法对分离菌株 JJ2001 进行了鉴定,利用四个基因(danK、gyrB、fyuA 和 rpoD)对其进行了多位点测序。结果表明,分离菌株与 Xhc M081 极为相似。此外,为了分析分离菌株的遗传特征,还通过新一代测序方法进行了全基因组分析。JJ2001的基因组草案大小为5,443,372 bp,其中G+C占63.57%,有4,547个开放阅读框。具体来说,可以确认病原菌的分类与宿主品系的分类相似。植物致病因子和大部分分泌系统的决定因子在菌株 JJ2001 中保持不变。有了这些遗传信息,就可以对病原菌的病原菌阶段进行详细的比较分析。此外,这些发现为黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae)的分布和诊断提供了基本数据,黄单胞菌是感染韩国胡萝卜的一种主要植物病原菌。
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Plant Diseases Identification Based on Deep Learning Methods. 基于深度学习方法的植物病害识别分析
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.02.2023.0034
Xulu Gong, Shujuan Zhang

Plant disease is an important factor affecting crop yield. With various types and complex conditions, plant diseases cause serious economic losses, as well as modern agriculture constraints. Hence, rapid, accurate, and early identification of crop diseases is of great significance. Recent developments in deep learning, especially convolutional neural network (CNN), have shown impressive performance in plant disease classification. However, most of the existing datasets for plant disease classification are a single background environment rather than a real field environment. In addition, the classification can only obtain the category of a single disease and fail to obtain the location of multiple different diseases, which limits the practical application. Therefore, the object detection method based on CNN can overcome these shortcomings and has broad application prospects. In this study, an annotated apple leaf disease dataset in a real field environment was first constructed to compensate for the lack of existing datasets. Moreover, the Faster R-CNN and YOLOv3 architectures were trained to detect apple leaf diseases in our dataset. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted and a variety of evaluation indicators were analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that deep learning algorithms represented by YOLOv3 and Faster R-CNN are feasible for plant disease detection and have their own strong points and weaknesses.

植物病害是影响作物产量的重要因素。植物病害种类多、病况复杂,造成严重的经济损失,也制约着现代农业的发展。因此,快速、准确、早期识别作物病害具有重要意义。深度学习的最新发展,特别是卷积神经网络(CNN),在植物病害分类方面显示出令人印象深刻的表现。然而,现有的植物病害分类数据集大多是单一背景环境,而不是真实的田间环境。此外,分类只能获得单一疾病的类别,无法获得多种不同疾病的位置,限制了实际应用。因此,基于CNN的目标检测方法可以克服这些缺点,具有广阔的应用前景。在本研究中,首先构建了一个真实田间环境下的带注释的苹果叶病数据集,以弥补现有数据集的不足。此外,我们还训练了Faster R-CNN和YOLOv3架构来检测数据集中的苹果叶片病害。最后进行对比实验,分析各种评价指标。实验结果表明,以YOLOv3和Faster R-CNN为代表的深度学习算法对于植物病害检测是可行的,且各有优缺点。
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引用次数: 1
MoJMJD6, a Nuclear Protein, Regulates Conidial Germination and Appressorium Formation at the Early Stage of Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. MoJMJD6是一种核蛋白,在水稻大孔霉发病早期调控分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2022.0161
Li Zhang, Dong Li, Min Lu, Zechi Wu, Chaotian Liu, Yingying Shi, Mengyu Zhang, Zhangjie Nan, Weixiang Wang

In plant-pathogen interactions, Magnaporthe oryzae causes blast disease on more than 50 species of 14 monocot plants, including important crops such as rice, millet, and most 15 recently wheat. M. oryzae is a model fungus for studying plant-microbe interaction, and the main source for fungal pathogenesis in the field. Here we report that MoJMJD6 is required for conidium germination and appressorium formation in M. oryzae. We obtained MoJMJD6 mutants (ΔMojmjd6) using a target gene replacement strategy. The MoJMD6 deletion mutants were delayed for conidium germination, glycogen, and lipid droplets utilization and consequently had decreased virulence. In the ΔMojmjd6 null mutants, global histone methyltransferase modifications (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me2/3) of the genome were unaffected. Taken together, our results indicated that MoJMJD6 function as a nuclear protein which plays an important role in conidium germination and appressorium formation in the M. oryzae. Our work provides insights into MoJMJD6-mediated regulation in the early stage of pathogenesis in plant fungi.

在植物与病原体的相互作用中,稻瘟病菌引起14种单子叶植物的50多种稻瘟病,包括水稻、小米和最近的15种小麦等重要作物。M. oryzae是研究植物与微生物相互作用的模式真菌,也是该领域真菌发病机制的主要来源。本文报道了m.o ryzae分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成所需的MoJMJD6基因。我们使用靶基因替换策略获得了MoJMJD6突变体(ΔMojmjd6)。MoJMD6缺失突变体的分生孢子萌发、糖原和脂滴利用延迟,因此毒力降低。在ΔMojmjd6零突变体中,基因组的全局组蛋白甲基转移酶修饰(H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3和H3K36me2/3)不受影响。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,MoJMJD6作为核蛋白在m.o ryzae分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成中起重要作用。我们的工作为植物真菌发病早期mojmjd6介导的调控提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Re-identification of Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex in Korea and Their Host Plants. 重新鉴定韩国的 Colletotrichum acutatum 复合菌种及其寄主植物。
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.05.2023.0078
Le Dinh Thao, Hyorim Choi, Yunhee Choi, Anbazhagan Mageswari, Daseul Lee, Seung-Beom Hong

Colletotrichum acutatum species complex is one of the most important groups in the genus Colletotrichum with a high species diversity and a wide range of host plants. C. acutatum and related species have been collected from different plants and locations in Korea and deposited into the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences since the 1990s. These fungal isolates were previously identified based mainly on morphological characteristics, and a limitation of molecular data was provided. To confirm the identification of species, 64 C. acutatum species complex isolates in KACC were used in this study for DNA sequence analyses of six loci: nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), betatubulin 2 (TUB2), histone-3 (HIS3), glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), and actin (ACT). The molecular analysis revealed that they were identified in six different species of C. fioriniae (24 isolates), C. nymphaeae (21 isolates), C. scovillei (12 isolates), C. chrysanthemi (three isolates), C. lupini (two isolates), and C. godetiae (one isolate), and a novel species candidate. We compared the hosts of KACC isolates with "The List of Plant Diseases in Korea", previous reports in Korea and global reports and found that 23 combinations between hosts and pathogens could be newly reported in Korea after pathogenicity tests, and 12 of these have not been recorded in the world.

C. acutatum 种群是 Colletotrichum 属中最重要的种群之一,具有高度的物种多样性和广泛的寄主植物。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,人们从韩国不同的植物和地点采集了 C. acutatum 及其相关种,并将其保存在韩国农业科学研究所的韩国农业培养物保藏中心(KACC)。以前主要根据形态特征对这些真菌分离物进行鉴定,提供的分子数据有限。为了确认物种的鉴定,本研究使用了 KACC 中的 64 个 C. acutatum 种复合体分离物进行六个位点的 DNA 序列分析:核糖体内部转录间隔(ITS)、betatubulin 2(TUB2)、组蛋白-3(HIS3)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、几丁质合成酶 1(CHS-1)和肌动蛋白(ACT)。分子分析表明,它们在六种不同的 C. fioriniae(24 个分离株)、C. nymphaeae(21 个分离株)、C. scovillei(12 个分离株)、C. chrysanthemi(3 个分离株)、C. lupini(2 个分离株)、C. godetiae(1 个分离株)以及一个候选新种中被鉴定出来。我们将 KACC 分离物的寄主与 "韩国植物病害名录"、韩国以前的报告和全球报告进行了比较,发现经过致病性测试后,有 23 种寄主与病原体的组合可能是韩国新报告的,其中有 12 种在世界上没有记录。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of Faba Bean Diseases and Determinants of Faba Bean Gall (Physoderma sp.) Epidemics in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚蚕豆病的发生及蚕豆瘿病流行的决定因素
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0040
Tekalign Zeleke, Bereket Ali, Asenakech Tekalign, Gudisa Hailu, M J Barbetti, Alemayehu Ayele, Tajudin Aliyi, Alemu Ayele, Abadi Kahsay, Belachew Tiruneh, Fekadu Tewolde

Physoderma fungal species cause faba bean gall (FBG) which devastates faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Ethiopian highlands. In three regions (Amahara, Oromia, and Tigray), the relative importance, distribution, intensity, and association with factors affecting FBG damage were assessed for the 2019 (283 fields) and 2020 (716 fields) main cropping seasons. A logistic regression model was used to associate biophysical factors with FBG incidence and severity. Amhara region has the highest prevalence of FBG (95.7%), followed by Tigray (83.3%), and the Oromia region (54%). Maximum FBG incidence (78.1%) and severity (32.8%) were recorded from Amhara and Tigray areas, respectively. The chocolate spot was most prevalent in West Shewa, Finfinne Special Zone, and North Shewa of the Oromia region. Ascochyta blight was found prevalent in North Shewa, West Shewa, Southwest Shewa of Oromia, and the South Gondar of Amhara. Faba bean rust was detected in all zones except for the South Gonder and North Shewa, and root rot disease was detected in all zones except South Gonder, South Wollo, and North Shewa of Amahara. Crop growth stage, cropping system, altitude, weed density, and fungicide, were all found to affect the incidence and severity of the FBG. Podding and maturity stage, mono-cropping, altitude (>2,400), high weed density, and non-fungicide were found associated with increased disease intensities. However, crop rotation, low weed infestation, and fungicide usage were identified as potential management options to reduce FBG disease.

在埃塞俄比亚高地,植皮真菌引起蚕豆瘿(FBG),它破坏蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)。在3个地区(天原、奥罗米亚和提格雷),评估了2019年(283块田)和2020年(716块田)主要种植季FBG损害的相对重要性、分布、强度及其与影响因素的关联。使用逻辑回归模型将生物物理因素与FBG发生率和严重程度联系起来。阿姆哈拉地区FBG患病率最高(95.7%),其次是提格雷地区(83.3%)和奥罗米亚地区(54%)。阿姆哈拉和提格雷地区FBG发病率最高(78.1%),严重程度最高(32.8%)。巧克力斑点在奥罗米亚地区的西谢瓦、芬芬特区和北谢瓦最为普遍。在奥罗米亚的北谢瓦、西谢瓦、西南谢瓦和阿姆哈拉的南贡达尔发现了阿斯科奇塔疫病。蚕豆锈病除南冈德、北舍瓦区外,其余区均有发现;根腐病除南冈德、南沃罗、北舍瓦区外,其余区均有发现。作物生育期、种植制度、海拔高度、杂草密度和杀菌剂均影响FBG的发生和严重程度。发现豆荚和成熟期、单作、海拔(> 2400)、高杂草密度和不使用杀菌剂与病害强度增加有关。然而,轮作、低杂草侵染和使用杀菌剂被确定为减少FBG疾病的潜在管理选择。
{"title":"Occurrence of Faba Bean Diseases and Determinants of Faba Bean Gall (Physoderma sp.) Epidemics in Ethiopia.","authors":"Tekalign Zeleke,&nbsp;Bereket Ali,&nbsp;Asenakech Tekalign,&nbsp;Gudisa Hailu,&nbsp;M J Barbetti,&nbsp;Alemayehu Ayele,&nbsp;Tajudin Aliyi,&nbsp;Alemu Ayele,&nbsp;Abadi Kahsay,&nbsp;Belachew Tiruneh,&nbsp;Fekadu Tewolde","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physoderma fungal species cause faba bean gall (FBG) which devastates faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Ethiopian highlands. In three regions (Amahara, Oromia, and Tigray), the relative importance, distribution, intensity, and association with factors affecting FBG damage were assessed for the 2019 (283 fields) and 2020 (716 fields) main cropping seasons. A logistic regression model was used to associate biophysical factors with FBG incidence and severity. Amhara region has the highest prevalence of FBG (95.7%), followed by Tigray (83.3%), and the Oromia region (54%). Maximum FBG incidence (78.1%) and severity (32.8%) were recorded from Amhara and Tigray areas, respectively. The chocolate spot was most prevalent in West Shewa, Finfinne Special Zone, and North Shewa of the Oromia region. Ascochyta blight was found prevalent in North Shewa, West Shewa, Southwest Shewa of Oromia, and the South Gondar of Amhara. Faba bean rust was detected in all zones except for the South Gonder and North Shewa, and root rot disease was detected in all zones except South Gonder, South Wollo, and North Shewa of Amahara. Crop growth stage, cropping system, altitude, weed density, and fungicide, were all found to affect the incidence and severity of the FBG. Podding and maturity stage, mono-cropping, altitude (&gt;2,400), high weed density, and non-fungicide were found associated with increased disease intensities. However, crop rotation, low weed infestation, and fungicide usage were identified as potential management options to reduce FBG disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/2a/ppj-oa-03-2023-0040.PMC10412963.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10349436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variations in Kiwifruit Microbiota across Cultivars and Tissues during Developmental Stages. 猕猴桃发育阶段不同品种和组织微生物群的变化。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0038
Su-Hyeon Kim, Da-Ran Kim, Youn-Sig Kwak

The plant microbiota plays a crucial role in promoting plant health by facilitating the nutrient acquisition, abiotic stress tolerance, biotic stress resilience, and host immune regulation. Despite decades of research efforts, the precise relationship and function between plants and microorganisms remain unclear. Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is a widely cultivated horticultural crop known for its high vitamin C, potassium, and phytochemical content. In this study, we investigated the microbial communities of kiwifruit across different cultivars (cvs. Deliwoong and Sweetgold) and tissues at various developmental stages. Our results showed that the microbiota community similarity was confirmed between the cultivars using principal coordinates analysis. Network analysis using both degree and eigenvector centrality indicated similar network forms between the cultivars. Furthermore, Streptomycetaceae was identified in the endosphere of cv. Deliwoong by analyzing amplicon sequence variants corresponding to tissues with an eigenvector centrality value of 0.6 or higher. Our findings provide a foundation for maintaining kiwifruit health through the analysis of its microbial community.

植物微生物群通过促进植物营养获取、非生物胁迫耐受性、生物胁迫恢复力和宿主免疫调节等,在促进植物健康方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管经过了几十年的研究,植物和微生物之间的确切关系和功能仍不清楚。猕猴桃(Actinidia spp.)是一种广泛种植的园艺作物,以其高维生素C,钾和植物化学成分含量而闻名。本研究对猕猴桃不同品种的微生物群落进行了研究。Deliwoong和Sweetgold)和不同发育阶段的组织。结果表明,利用主坐标分析证实了品种间微生物群落的相似性。利用度中心性和特征向量中心性进行的网络分析表明,品种间的网络形式相似。此外,还鉴定出了链霉菌科。通过分析特征向量中心性值为0.6或更高的组织对应的扩增子序列变异。通过对猕猴桃微生物群落的分析,为维持猕猴桃的健康提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Proteomic and Phenotypic Analyses of a Putative YggS Family Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme in Acidovorax citrulli. 瓜梨YggS家族吡哆醛磷酸依赖酶的蛋白质组学和表型分析。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0050
Lynn Heo, Yongmin Cho, Junhyeok Choi, Jeongwook Lee, Yoobin Han, Sang-Wook Han

Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) in cucurbit crops, including watermelon. However, there are no effective methods to control this disease. YggS family pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme acts as a coenzyme in all transamination reactions, but its function in Ac is poorly understood. Therefore, this study uses proteomic and phenotypic analyses to characterize the functions. The Ac strain lacking the YggS family pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, AcΔyppAc(EV), virulence was wholly eradicated in geminated seed inoculation and leaf infiltration. AcΔyppAc(EV) propagation was inhibited when exposed to L-homoserine but not pyridoxine. Wild-type and mutant growth were comparable in the liquid media but not in the solid media in the minimal condition. The comparative proteomic analysis revealed that YppAc is primarily involved in cell motility and wall/membrane/envelop biogenesis. In addition, AcΔyppAc(EV) reduced biofilm formation and twitching halo production, indicating that YppAc is involved in various cellular mechanisms and possesses pleiotropic effects. Therefore, this identified protein is a potential target for developing an efficient anti-virulence reagent to control BFB.

Acidovorax citrulli (Ac)是一种引起瓜类作物细菌性水果斑病(BFB)的植物致病菌,包括西瓜。然而,目前还没有有效的方法来控制这种疾病。YggS家族吡哆醛磷酸依赖酶在所有转氨化反应中都是辅酶,但其在Ac中的功能尚不清楚。因此,本研究使用蛋白质组学和表型分析来表征其功能。缺乏YggS家族吡哆醛磷酸酯依赖酶AcΔyppAc(EV)的Ac菌株在萌发种子接种和叶片浸渍中完全消除了毒力。当暴露于l -同型丝氨酸而不是吡哆醇时,AcΔyppAc(EV)的繁殖受到抑制。在最小条件下,野生型和突变型在液体培养基上的生长具有可比性,而在固体培养基上则无可比性。比较蛋白质组学分析显示,YppAc主要参与细胞运动和壁/膜/包膜生物发生。此外,AcΔyppAc(EV)减少了生物膜的形成和抽搐晕的产生,表明YppAc参与多种细胞机制并具有多效性。因此,该蛋白是开发有效的抗毒试剂控制BFB的潜在靶点。
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引用次数: 1
Antifungal Activity of Green and Chemically Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles against Alternaria citri, the Causal Agent Citrus Black Rot. 绿色和化学合成氧化锌纳米颗粒对柑桔黑腐病病原菌柑橘交替病菌的抑菌活性研究。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.02.2023.0035
Hazem S Elshafie, Ali Osman, Mahmoud M El-Saber, Ippolito Camele, Entsar Abbas

Citrus black rot is a serious disease of citrus plants caused by Alternaria citri. The current study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by chemically or green method and investigate their antifungal activity against A. citri. The sizes of synthesized as measured by transmission electron microscope of ZnO-NPs were 88 and 65 nm for chemical and green methods, respectively. The studied prepared ZnO-NPs were applied, in vitro and in situ, at different concentrations (500, 1,000, and 2,000 µg/ml) in post-harvest treatment on navel orange fruits to verify the possible control effect against A. citri. Results of in vitro assay demonstrated that, at concentration 2,000 µg/ml, the green ZnO-NPs was able to inhibit about 61% of the fungal growth followed by 52% of chemical ZnO-NPs. In addition, scanning electron microscopy of A. citri treated in vitro with green ZnO-NPs showed swelling and deformation of conidia. Results showed also that, using a chemically and green ZnO-NPs at 2,000 µg/ml in situ in post-harvest treatment of orange, artificially-infected with A. citri, has reduced the disease severity to 6.92% and 9.23%, respectively, compared to 23.84% of positive control (non-treated fruits) after 20 days of storage. The out findings of this study may contribute to the development of a natural, effective, and eco-friendly strategy for eradicating harmful phytopathogenic fungi.

柑桔黑腐病是由柑桔互交菌引起的柑桔严重病害。本研究旨在通过化学和绿色两种方法合成氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO-NPs),并研究其对柑橘的抗真菌活性。化学法和绿色法合成的ZnO-NPs的透射电镜尺寸分别为88 nm和65 nm。将制备的ZnO-NPs以不同浓度(500、1000和2000µg/ml)在采后处理脐橙果实,验证其对柑橘蚜的防治效果。体外实验结果表明,在浓度为2000µg/ml时,绿色ZnO-NPs能够抑制约61%的真菌生长,其次是化学ZnO-NPs能够抑制52%的真菌生长。此外,用绿色ZnO-NPs处理的柑桔体外扫描电镜显示分生孢子肿胀和变形。结果还表明,在柑桔人工侵染后采后,原位使用浓度为2000µg/ml的化学ZnO-NPs和绿色ZnO-NPs,贮藏20 d后,柑桔病的严重程度分别降低到6.92%和9.23%,而阳性对照(未处理的果实)的严重程度为23.84%。我们的研究结果可能有助于开发一种自然、有效、环保的方法来根除有害的植物病原真菌。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and Characterization of Diplodia parva and Diplodia crataegicola Causing Black Rot of Chinese Quince. 引起太子黑腐病的小双plodia和大黄双plodia的鉴定与鉴定。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.03.2023.0039
Sungmun Kwon, Jungyeon Kim, Younmi Lee, Kotnala Balaraju, Yongho Jeon

Fungal isolates from infected Chinese quince trees were found to cause black rot in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea. The quince leaves withered and turned reddish-brown and fruits underwent black mummification. To elucidate the cause of these symptoms, the pathogen was isolated from infected leaf and fruit tissues on potato dextrose agar and Levan media. Several fungal colonies forming a fluffy white or dark gray mycelium and two types of fungi forming an aerial white mycelium, growing widely at the edges, were isolated. Microscopic observations, investigation of fungal growth characteristics on various media, and molecular identification using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes were performed. The fungal pathogens were identified as Diplodia parva and Diplodia crataegicola. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogen-inoculated fruits exhibited a layered pattern, turning brown rotting; leaves showed circular brown necrotic lesions. The developed symptoms were similar to those observed in the field. Fungal pathogens were reisolated to fulfill Koch's postulates. Apples were inoculated with fungal pathogens to investigate the host range. Strong pathogenicity was evident in the fruits, with browning and rotting symptoms 3 days after inoculation. To determine pathogen control, a fungicidal sensitivity test was conducted using four registered fungicides. Thiophanate-methyl, propineb, and tebuconazole inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and identification of the fungal pathogens D. parva and D. crataegicola from infected fruits and leaves of Chinese quince, causing black rot disease in Korea.

在韩国庆尚北道永川市发现了从感染的中国榅桲树上分离出的真菌引起的黑腐病。木瓜的叶子枯萎了,变成了红褐色,果实变成了黑色的木乃伊。为了阐明这些症状的原因,在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂和Levan培养基上从受感染的叶片和果实组织中分离出病原菌。几个真菌菌落形成蓬松的白色或深灰色菌丝,两种真菌形成空中白色菌丝,在边缘广泛生长。显微镜下观察,研究真菌在不同培养基上的生长特性,并利用内部转录间隔物、β-微管蛋白和翻译伸长因子1-α基因进行分子鉴定。病原真菌鉴定为细小双plodia parva和双plodia crataegicola。致病性试验表明,接种病菌的果实呈层状,呈褐腐;叶片呈圆形棕色坏死灶。出现的症状与现场观察到的症状相似。真菌病原体被重新分离,以满足科赫的假设。用真菌病原菌对苹果进行接种,研究其寄主范围。果实致病性强,接种后3 d出现褐变和腐烂症状。为了确定病原菌的防治效果,用4种已登记的杀菌剂进行了杀真菌敏感性试验。噻吩酸甲酯、丙泊尼和戊康唑抑制病原菌菌丝生长。据我们所知,这是国内首次从引起黑腐病的中国榅桲果实和叶片中分离鉴定出真菌病原菌D. parva和D. crataegicola。
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Plant Pathology Journal
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