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Xylella fastidiosa in Europe: From the Introduction to the Current Status. 欧洲的苛养木杆菌:从介绍到现状。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.RW.09.2022.0127
Vojislav Trkulja, Andrija Tomić, Renata Iličić, Miloš Nožinić, Tatjana Popović Milovanović

Xylella fastidiosa is xylem-limited bacterium capable of infecting a wide range of host plants, resulting in Pierce's disease in grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, olive quick decline syndrome, peach phony disease, plum leaf scald, alfalfa dwarf, margin necrosis and leaf scorch affecting oleander, coffee, almond, pecan, mulberry, red maple, oak, and other types of cultivated and ornamental plants and forest trees. In the European Union, X. fastidiosa is listed as a quarantine organism. Since its first outbreak in the Apulia region of southern Italy in 2013 where it caused devastating disease on Olea europaea (called olive leaf scorch and quick decline), X. fastidiosa continued to spread and successfully established in some European countries (Corsica and PACA in France, Balearic Islands, Madrid and Comunitat Valenciana in Spain, and Porto in Portugal). The most recent data for Europe indicates that X. fastidiosa is present on 174 hosts, 25 of which were newly identified in 2021 (with further five hosts discovered in other parts of the world in the same year). From the six reported subspecies of X. fastidiosa worldwide, four have been recorded in European countries (fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca, and sandyi). Currently confirmed X. fastidiosa vector species are Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris, and Philaenus italosignus, whereby only P. spumarius (which has been identified as the key vector in Apulia, Italy) is also present in Americas. X. fastidiosa control is currently based on pathogen-free propagation plant material, eradication, territory demarcation, and vector control, as well as use of resistant plant cultivars and bactericidal treatments.

苛养木杆菌是一种限制木质的细菌,能够感染广泛的寄主植物,导致葡萄皮尔斯病,柑橘斑绿病,橄榄快速衰退综合征,桃假病,李子叶烫伤,苜蓿矮化,边缘坏死和叶子烧焦,影响夹竹桃,咖啡,杏仁,山核桃,桑树,红枫,橡树和其他类型的栽培和观赏植物和森林树木。在欧盟,苛养双歧杆菌被列为检疫生物。自2013年在意大利南部的普利亚地区首次爆发以来,它对欧洲橄榄造成了毁灭性的疾病(称为橄榄叶烧焦和快速衰退),fastidiosa继续传播并在一些欧洲国家成功建立(法国的科西嘉和PACA,巴利阿里群岛,西班牙的马德里和瓦伦西亚社区,以及葡萄牙的波尔图)。欧洲的最新数据表明,在174个宿主上存在着苛养弧菌,其中25个是在2021年新发现的(同年在世界其他地区又发现了5个宿主)。在全球已报道的6个亚种中,有4个亚种在欧洲国家有记录(fastidiosa、multiplex、pauca和sandyi)。目前确认的苛养X.病媒物种为spumarius philaus、neophilaus campestris和philaus italosignus,其中只有spumarius p.s(已在意大利Apulia被确定为关键病媒)也存在于美洲。目前,苛养双歧杆菌的控制主要基于无病原体繁殖植物材料、根除、领土划分和媒介控制,以及使用抗性植物品种和杀菌处理。
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引用次数: 10
New Sources of Resistance and Identification of DNA Marker Loci for Sheath Blight Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, in Rice. 水稻纹枯病抗性新来源及DNA标记位点鉴定
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0054
Pachai Poonguzhali, Ashish Chauhan, Abinash Kar, Shivaji Lavale, Spurthi N Nayak, S K Prashanthi

Sheath blight disease caused by the necrotrophic, soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is the global threat to rice production. Lack of reliable stable resistance sources in rice germplasm pool for sheath blight has made resistance breeding a very difficult task. In the current study, 101 rice landraces were screened against R. solani under artificial epiphytotics and identified six moderately resistant landraces, Jigguvaratiga, Honasu, Jeer Sali, Jeeraga-2, BiliKagga, and Medini Sannabatta with relative lesion height (RLH) range of 21-30%. Landrace Jigguvaratiga with consistent and better level of resistance (21% RLH) than resistant check Tetep (RLH 28%) was used to develop mapping population. DNA markers associated with ShB resistance were identified in F2 mapping population developed from Jigguvaratiga × BPT5204 (susceptible variety) using bulk segregant analysis. Among 56 parental polymorphic markers, RM5556, RM6208, and RM7 were polymorphic between the bulks. Single marker analysis indicated the significant association of ShB with RM5556 and RM6208 with phenotypic variance (R2) of 28.29 and 20.06%, respectively. Co-segregation analysis confirmed the strong association of RM5556 and RM6208 located on chromosome 8 for ShB trait. This is the first report on association of RM6208 marker for ShB resistance. In silico analysis revealed that RM6208 loci resides the stearoyl ACP desaturases protein, which is involved in defense mechanism against plant pathogens. RM5556 loci resides a protein, with unknown function. The putative candidate genes or quantitative trait locus harbouring at the marker interval of RM5556 and RM6208 can be further used to develop ShB resistant varieties using molecular breeding approaches.

由坏死性土传病原菌索拉根丝核菌引起的纹枯病是对水稻生产的全球性威胁。水稻纹枯病种质资源库中缺乏稳定可靠的抗性来源,使得水稻纹枯病抗性育种工作十分困难。本研究对101个地方水稻品种进行了人工外植筛选,筛选出了Jigguvaratiga、Honasu、Jeer Sali、Jeeraga-2、BiliKagga和Medini Sannabatta 6个中等抗性的地方水稻品种,相对病害高度(RLH)在21 ~ 30%之间。采用抗性水平一致且较好(21% RLH)的长白猪吉古瓦拉蒂加(Jigguvaratiga)和抗性检查特步(Tetep) (28% RLH)建立定位群体。利用群体分离分析方法,从Jigguvaratiga × BPT5204(易感品种)的F2定位群体中鉴定出与ShB抗性相关的DNA标记。在56个亲本多态性标记中,RM5556、RM6208和RM7在群体间具有多态性。单标记分析表明,ShB与RM5556和RM6208有显著相关性,表型方差(R2)分别为28.29和20.06%。共分离分析证实了8号染色体上的RM5556和RM6208与ShB性状的强关联。这是关于RM6208标记与ShB耐药关联的首次报道。结果表明,RM6208位点存在硬脂酰ACP去饱和酶蛋白,该蛋白参与植物对病原菌的防御机制。RM5556位点驻留一个功能未知的蛋白。RM5556和RM6208标记区间的候选基因或数量性状位点可进一步利用分子育种方法培育抗ShB品种。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Barley and Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Head Blight and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. 大麦和小麦种质抗白疫病及亚洲镰刀菌和谷草镰刀菌产生霉菌毒素的评价。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.09.2022.0130
Seul Gi Baek, Jin Ju Park, Sosoo Kim, Mi-Jeong Lee, Ji-Seon Paek, Jangnam Choi, Ja Yeong Jang, Jeomsoon Kim, Theresa Lee

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases in barley and wheat, as it is usually accompanied by the production of harmful mycotoxins in the grains. To identify FHB-resistant breeding resources, we evaluated 60 elite germplasm accessions of barley (24) and wheat (36) for FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. Assessments were performed in a greenhouse and five heads per accession were inoculated with both Fusarium asiaticum (Fa73, nivalenol producer) and F. graminearum (Fg39, deoxynivalenol producer) strains. While the accessions varied in disease severity and mycotoxin production, four wheat and one barley showed <20% FHB severity repeatedly by both strains. Mycotoxin levels in these accessions ranged up to 3.9 mg/kg. FHB severity was generally higher in barley than in wheat, and Fa73 was more aggressive in both crops than Fg39. Fg39 itself, however, was more aggressive toward wheat and produced more mycotoxin in wheat than in barley. FHB severity by Fa73 and Fg39 were moderately correlated in both crops (r = 0.57/0.60 in barley and 0.42/0.58 in wheat). FHB severity and toxin production were also correlated in both crops, with a stronger correlation for Fa73 (r = 0.42/0.82 in barley, 0.70 in wheat) than for Fg39.

小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)是大麦和小麦最严重的病害之一,因为它通常伴随着谷物中有害真菌毒素的产生。为了鉴定抗FHB育种资源,我们对60份大麦(24份)和小麦(36份)的优质种质进行了FHB和霉菌毒素积累的评估。在温室中进行评估,每次接种5株亚洲镰刀菌(Fa73,产雪腐镰刀菌醇)和禾谷镰刀菌(Fg39,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇)。虽然各品种在病害严重程度和霉菌毒素产量方面存在差异,但有4种小麦和1种大麦表现出这种差异
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引用次数: 0
Roads to Construct and Re-build Plant Microbiota Community. 植物微生物群落建设与重建之路。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.RW.05.2022.0065
Da-Ran Kim, Youn-Sig Kwak

Plant microbiota has influenced plant growth and physiology significantly. Plant and plant-associated microbes have flexible interactions that respond to changes in environmental conditions. These interactions can be adjusted to suit the requirements of the microbial community or the host physiology. In addition, it can be modified to suit microbiota structure or fixed by the host condition. However, no technology is realized yet to control mechanically manipulated plant microbiota structure. Here, we review step-by-step plant-associated microbial partnership from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to the microbiota structural modulation. Glutamic acid enriched the population of Streptomyces, a specific taxon in anthosphere microbiota community. Additionally, the population density of the microbes in the rhizosphere was also a positive response to glutamic acid treatment. Although many types of research are conducted on the structural revealing of plant microbiota, these concepts need to be further understood as to how the plant microbiota clusters are controlled or modulated at the community level. This review suggests that the intrinsic level of glutamic acid in planta is associated with the microbiota composition that the external supply of the biostimulant can modulate.

植物微生物群对植物生长和生理有重要影响。植物和与植物相关的微生物具有灵活的相互作用,以响应环境条件的变化。这些相互作用可以调整以适应微生物群落或宿主生理的需要。此外,它可以被修改以适应微生物群结构或根据宿主条件固定。然而,目前还没有实现机械控制植物微生物群结构的技术。在这里,我们将逐步回顾植物相关的微生物伙伴关系,从促进植物生长的根瘤菌到微生物群结构调节。谷氨酸丰富了链霉菌(Streptomyces)的种群,链霉菌是anthanthsphere微生物群落中的一个特殊分类群。此外,根际微生物种群密度也是谷氨酸处理的积极响应。虽然对植物微生物群的结构揭示进行了许多类型的研究,但这些概念需要进一步了解如何在群落水平上控制或调节植物微生物群簇。这一综述表明,植物中谷氨酸的内在水平与微生物群组成有关,而外部供应的生物刺激素可以调节微生物群组成。
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引用次数: 2
Nanopore Metagenomics Sequencing for Rapid Diagnosis and Characterization of Lily Viruses. 百合病毒的纳米孔宏基因组测序快速诊断和鉴定。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2022.0084
Hyo-Jeong Lee, In-Sook Cho, Rae-Dong Jeong

Lilies (Lilium spp.) are one of the most important ornamental flower crops grown in Korea. Most viral diseases in lilies are transmitted by infected bulbs, which cause serious economic losses due to reduced yields. Various diagnostic techniques and high-throughput sequencing methods have been used to detect lily viruses. According to Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), MinION is a compact and portable sequencing device. In this study, three plant viruses, lily mottle, lily symptomless, and plantago asiatica mosaic virus, were detected in lily samples using the ONT platform. As a result of genome assembly of reads obtained through ONT, 100% coverage and 90.3-93.4% identity were obtained. Thus, we show that the ONT platform is a promising tool for the diagnosis and characterization of viruses that infect crops.

百合是韩国最重要的观赏花卉作物之一。百合花的大部分病毒病是由受感染的鳞茎传播的,由于产量下降,造成严重的经济损失。各种诊断技术和高通量测序方法已被用于检测百合病毒。根据牛津纳米孔技术公司(ONT)的说法,MinION是一种紧凑的便携式测序设备。本研究利用ONT平台,在百合样品中检测到百合斑驳病毒、百合无症状病毒和车前草花叶病毒3种植物病毒。通过ONT对reads进行基因组组装,获得100%的覆盖率和90.3-93.4%的同源性。因此,我们表明ONT平台是一个很有前途的工具,用于诊断和表征感染作物的病毒。
{"title":"Nanopore Metagenomics Sequencing for Rapid Diagnosis and Characterization of Lily Viruses.","authors":"Hyo-Jeong Lee,&nbsp;In-Sook Cho,&nbsp;Rae-Dong Jeong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2022.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2022.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lilies (Lilium spp.) are one of the most important ornamental flower crops grown in Korea. Most viral diseases in lilies are transmitted by infected bulbs, which cause serious economic losses due to reduced yields. Various diagnostic techniques and high-throughput sequencing methods have been used to detect lily viruses. According to Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), MinION is a compact and portable sequencing device. In this study, three plant viruses, lily mottle, lily symptomless, and plantago asiatica mosaic virus, were detected in lily samples using the ONT platform. As a result of genome assembly of reads obtained through ONT, 100% coverage and 90.3-93.4% identity were obtained. Thus, we show that the ONT platform is a promising tool for the diagnosis and characterization of viruses that infect crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/c5/ppj-oa-06-2022-0084.PMC9561158.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants. 韩国苹果和梨园抗氧喹啉酸葡萄球菌调查及构建突变体对适应度的影响。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0059
Hyeonheui Ham, Ga-Ram Oh, Dong Suk Park, Yong Hoon Lee

Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease in apple and pear trees. Oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone family antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase, has been employed to control fire blight in South Korea since 2015. The continuous use of this bactericide has resulted in the emergence of OA-resistant strains in bacterial pathogens in other countries. To investigate the occurrence of OA-resistant Ea strains in South Korea, we collected a total of 516 Ea isolates from diseased apple and pear trees in 2020-2021 and assessed their sensitivities to OA. We found that all isolates were susceptible to OA. To explore the possibility of emerging OA-resistant Ea by continuous application of OA, we exposed Ea stains to a range of OA concentrations and constructed OA-resistant mutant strains. Resistance was associated with mutations in the GyrA at codons 81 and 83, which result in glycine to cysteine and serine to arginine amino acid substitutions, respectively. The in vitro growth of the mutants in nutrient media and their virulence in immature apple fruits were lower than those of wild-type. Our results suggest that OA-resistance decreases the fitness of Ea. Future work should clarify the mechanisms by which OA-resistance decreases virulence of this plant pathogen. Continuous monitoring of OA-resistance in Ea is required to maintain the efficacy of this potent bactericide.

摘要由淀粉状欧文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora, Ea)引起的火疫病是一种严重危害苹果和梨树的病害。从2015年开始,抑制DNA旋切酶的喹诺酮类抗生素Oxolinic酸(OA)在韩国被用于防治炭疽病。由于持续使用这种杀菌剂,在其他国家的细菌病原体中出现了耐药菌株。为了调查韩国OA抗性Ea菌株的发生情况,我们在2020-2021年间从患病的苹果和梨树上采集了516株Ea分离株,并评估了它们对OA的敏感性。我们发现所有分离株都对OA敏感。为了探索持续应用OA产生OA抗性Ea的可能性,我们将Ea染色暴露在一定浓度的OA中,并构建了OA抗性突变菌株。耐药与GyrA密码子81和83的突变有关,这些突变分别导致甘氨酸向半胱氨酸和丝氨酸向精氨酸的氨基酸取代。突变体在营养培养基中的离体生长和对未成熟苹果果实的毒力均低于野生型。我们的研究结果表明,oa抗性降低了Ea的适合度。未来的工作应该阐明oa抗性降低该植物病原体毒力的机制。为保持这种强效杀菌剂的效力,需要持续监测Ea的oa耐药性。
{"title":"Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants.","authors":"Hyeonheui Ham,&nbsp;Ga-Ram Oh,&nbsp;Dong Suk Park,&nbsp;Yong Hoon Lee","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease in apple and pear trees. Oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone family antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase, has been employed to control fire blight in South Korea since 2015. The continuous use of this bactericide has resulted in the emergence of OA-resistant strains in bacterial pathogens in other countries. To investigate the occurrence of OA-resistant Ea strains in South Korea, we collected a total of 516 Ea isolates from diseased apple and pear trees in 2020-2021 and assessed their sensitivities to OA. We found that all isolates were susceptible to OA. To explore the possibility of emerging OA-resistant Ea by continuous application of OA, we exposed Ea stains to a range of OA concentrations and constructed OA-resistant mutant strains. Resistance was associated with mutations in the GyrA at codons 81 and 83, which result in glycine to cysteine and serine to arginine amino acid substitutions, respectively. The in vitro growth of the mutants in nutrient media and their virulence in immature apple fruits were lower than those of wild-type. Our results suggest that OA-resistance decreases the fitness of Ea. Future work should clarify the mechanisms by which OA-resistance decreases virulence of this plant pathogen. Continuous monitoring of OA-resistance in Ea is required to maintain the efficacy of this potent bactericide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/66/ppj-oa-04-2022-0059.PMC9561153.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33501993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Versatile Roles of Microbes and Small RNAs in Rice and Planthopper Interactions. 微生物和小rna在水稻与飞虱相互作用中的多功能作用。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.RW.07.2022.0090
Abdelaziz Mansour, Mohamed Mannaa, Omar Hewedy, Mostafa G Ali, Hyejung Jung, Young-Su Seo

Planthopper infestation in rice causes direct and indirect damage through feeding and viral transmission. Host microbes and small RNAs (sRNAs) play essential roles in regulating biological processes, such as metabolism, development, immunity, and stress responses in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and insects. Recently, advanced metagenomic approaches have facilitated investigations on microbial diversity and its function in insects and plants, highlighting the significance of microbiota in sustaining host life and regulating their interactions with the environment. Recent research has also suggested significant roles for sRNA-regulated genes during rice-planthopper interactions. The response and behavior of the rice plant to planthopper feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome, which might be regulated by sRNAs. In addition, the roles of microbial symbionts and sRNAs in the host response to viral infection are complex and involve defense-related changes in the host transcriptomic profile. This review reviews the structure and potential functions of microbes and sRNAs in rice and the associated planthopper species. In addition, the involvement of the microbiota and sRNAs in the rice-planthopper-virus interactions during planthopper infestation and viral infection are discussed.

稻飞虱通过取食和病毒传播对水稻造成直接和间接的危害。宿主微生物和小rna (sRNAs)在调节包括植物和昆虫在内的真核生物的代谢、发育、免疫和应激反应等生物过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,先进的宏基因组学方法促进了对昆虫和植物微生物多样性及其功能的研究,强调了微生物群在维持宿主生命和调节其与环境相互作用方面的重要意义。最近的研究也表明,在水稻与飞虱的相互作用中,srna调控基因发挥了重要作用。水稻对飞虱取食的反应和行为是由寄主转录组的变化决定的,而转录组的变化可能受到sRNAs的调控。此外,微生物共生体和sRNAs在宿主对病毒感染的反应中的作用是复杂的,涉及宿主转录组谱的防御相关变化。本文综述了水稻和相关稻飞虱物种中微生物和sRNAs的结构和潜在功能。此外,还讨论了稻飞虱侵染和病毒侵染过程中微生物群和sRNAs在水稻-稻飞虱-病毒相互作用中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Korean Phytophthora infestans Isolates and Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Haplotypes. 韩国疫霉菌分离物线粒体全基因组序列及线粒体单倍型比较分析。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2022.0093
Jin-Hee Seo, Jang-Gyu Choi, Hyun-Jin Park, Ji-Hong Cho, Young-Eun Park, Ju-Sung Im, Su-Young Hong, Kwang-Soo Cho

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a destructive disease in Korea. To elucidate the genomic variation of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, we assembled its complete mt genome and compared its sequence among different haplotypes. The mt genome sequences of four Korean P. infestans isolates were revealed by Illumina HiSeq. The size of the circular mt genome of the four major genotypes, KR_1_A1, KR_2_A2, SIB-1, and US-11, was 39,872, 39,836, 39,872, and 39,840 bp, respectively. All genotypes contained the same 61 genes in the same order, comprising two RNA-encoding genes, 16 ribosomal genes, 25 transfer RNA, 17 genes encoding electron transport and ATP synthesis, 11 open reading frames of unknown function, and one protein import-related gene, tatC. The coding region comprised 91% of the genome, and GC content was 22.3%. The haplotypes were further analyzed based on sequence polymorphism at two hypervariable regions (HVRi), carrying a 2 kb insertion/deletion sequence, and HVRii, carrying 36 bp variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). All four genotypes carried the 2 kb insertion/deletion sequence in HVRi, whereas HVRii had two VNTRs in KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 but three VNTRs in US-11 and KR_2_A2. Minimal spanning network and phylogenetic analysis based on 5,814 bp of mtDNA sequences from five loci, KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 were classified as IIa-6 haplotype, and isolates KR_1_A2 and US-11 as haplotypes IIa-5 and IIb-2, respectively. mtDNA sequences of KR_1_A1 and SIB-1 shared 100% sequence identity, and both were 99.9% similar to those of KR_2_A2 and US-11.

马铃薯晚疫病是由马铃薯疫霉引起的马铃薯疫病。为了阐明线粒体(mt)基因组的基因组变异,我们组装了其完整的mt基因组,并比较了其在不同单倍型中的序列。利用Illumina HiSeq软件分析了韩国4株病原菌的mt基因组序列。4个主要基因型KR_1_A1、KR_2_A2、sib1和US-11的环mt基因组大小分别为39,872、39,836、39,872和39,840 bp。所有基因型均包含相同的61个基因,顺序相同,包括2个RNA编码基因,16个核糖体基因,25个转移RNA, 17个电子传递和ATP合成基因,11个功能未知的开放阅读框,1个蛋白质输入相关基因tatC。编码区占基因组的91%,GC含量为22.3%。单倍型在两个携带2kb插入/删除序列的高变区(HVRi)和携带36bp可变数串联重复序列(VNTRs)的HVRii进行序列多态性分析。所有4种基因型在HVRi中都携带2kb的插入/缺失序列,而HVRii在KR_1_A1和sib1中有2个VNTRs,在US-11和KR_2_A2中有3个VNTRs。基于5个位点的5814 bp mtDNA序列的最小跨越网络和系统发育分析,将KR_1_A1和ib -1分类为IIa-6单倍型,分离出KR_1_A2和US-11分别为IIa-5和IIb-2单倍型。KR_1_A1和sb -1的mtDNA序列同源性为100%,与KR_2_A2和US-11的相似度为99.9%。
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引用次数: 0
Population Structure of Stagonosporopsis Species Associated with Cucurbit Gummy Stem Blight in Korea. 韩国葫芦粘茎疫病相关的Stagonosporopsis种群结构。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2022.0102
Yong-Jik Jeong, Oh-Kyu Kwon, A-Ram Jeong, Hyunji Lee, Hyeran Moon, O New Lee, Jeum Kyu Hong, Chang-Jin Park

Gummy stem blight (GSB), a common and serious disease in cucurbits worldwide, is caused by three genetically distinct species: Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (syn. Didymella bryoniae), S. citrulli, and S. caricae. In Korea, however, the three species of Stagonosporopsis have been barely characterized. In this study, 21 Stagonosporopsis isolates were recovered from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo) leaves and stem showing blight symptoms collected from 43 fields in Korea. Sequence analysis performed with an internal transcribed spacer region was not competent to differentiate the Stagonosporopsis isolates. On the contrary, analysis of β-tubulin (TUB) genes and three microsatellite markers, Db01, Db05, and Db06, successfully differentiated Stagonosporopsis isolates. Further sequence analysis identified two Stagonosporopsis species, S. citrulli and S. caricae, and one previously unknown species of Stagonosporopsis. Representative isolates from three species caused dark water-soaked lesions on the detached watermelon and muskmelon leaves with no significant differences in the aggressiveness. Our results indicate that the S. citrulli, S. caricae, and unknown Stagonosporopsis sp. are all causal agents of GSB for both watermelon and muskmelon. This is the first report of a new species and the population structure of Stagonosporopsis species causing GSB in Korea.

粘茎枯萎病(GSB)是一种常见的严重疾病,在世界范围内的葫芦,是由三种遗传上不同的物种引起的:stonosporopsis cucurbitacearum(同:Didymella bryoniae), S. citrulli和S. caricae。但是,在韩国,几乎没有发现这三种。本研究从国内43个大田的西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)和甜瓜(Cucumis melo)的叶和茎中分离出21株Stagonosporopsis菌株。用内部转录间隔区进行的序列分析无法区分Stagonosporopsis菌株。相反,通过β-微管蛋白(β-tubulin, TUB)基因和3个微卫星标记Db01、Db05和Db06的分析,成功区分了Stagonosporopsis菌株。进一步的序列分析鉴定出两个Stagonosporopsis种,S. citrulli和S. caricae,以及一个以前未知的Stagonosporopsis种。3种典型菌株在离体西瓜和甜瓜叶片上产生暗色水浸病损,其侵袭性无显著差异。结果表明,西瓜和甜瓜的葡萄球菌(S. citrulli)、葡萄球菌(S. caricae)和未知的Stagonosporopsis sp.都是GSB的致病因子。这是国内首次报道引起GSB的Stagonosporopsis种的新种和种群结构。
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引用次数: 0
Plant Virome Analysis by the Deep Sequencing of Small RNAs of Fritillaria thunbergii var. chekiangensis and the Rapid Identification of Viruses. 浙江浙贝母小rna深度测序分析植物病毒组及病毒快速鉴定。
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0058
Lu-Xi Chen, Hang-Kai Pan, Yu-Tian Tao, Dang Yang, Hui-Min Deng, Kai-Jie Xu, Wen-Bin Chen, Jun-Min Li

Thunberg fritillary (Fritillaria thunbergii), a perennial used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is a members of the family Liliaceae. The degeneration of germplasm is a severe problem in the production of Fritillaria thunbergii var. chekiangensis. However, no information about viral infections of F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis has been reported. In this study, we sequenced the small RNAs of F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis from leaves and bulbs, and viruses were identified using a phylogenetic analysis and BLAST search for sequence. In addition, multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to rapidly detect viruses in this variety. Our study first reported that five viruses infected F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis. Among them, fritillary virus Y (FVY), lily mottle virus (LMoV), Thunberg fritillary mosaic virus (TFMV), and hop yellow virus (HYV) had been reported in F. thunbergii, while apple stem grooving virus was first reported in the genus Fritillaria. A multiplex RT-PCR method was developed to rapidly test the four viruses FVY, LMoV, TFMV, and HYV in F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis. Our results provide a better understanding of the infection of F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis by viruses and a basic reference for the better design of suitable control measures.

浙贝母(贝母)是一种多年生中药,是百合科的一员。浙江浙贝母种质退化是浙贝母生产中存在的一个严重问题。然而,目前还没有关于浙江顿氏疏螺旋体病毒感染的报道。本研究利用系统发育分析和BLAST序列搜索方法,对浙江腾贝氏变种(F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis)叶片和球茎的小rna进行了测序,并对病毒进行了鉴定。此外,多重逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)用于快速检测该品种的病毒。我们的研究首次报道了五种病毒感染了浙江顿伯氏弧菌。其中,贝母Y型病毒(FVY)、百合斑驳病毒(LMoV)、腾贝格贝母花叶病毒(TFMV)和hop yellow病毒(HYV)在贝母属中有报道,苹果茎沟病毒在贝母属中首次报道。建立了多重RT-PCR快速检测浙江浙贝氏弧菌FVY、LMoV、TFMV和HYV四种病毒的方法。本研究结果为进一步了解浙江顿氏疏螺旋体的病毒感染情况提供了依据,并为更好地制定相应的防治措施提供了依据。
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Plant Pathology Journal
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