Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310769
Florien S van Royen, Geert-Jan Geersing, Daphne C Erkelens, Mathé Delissen, Jorn V F Rutten, Dorien L Zwart, Maarten van Smeden, Frans H Rutten, Sander van Doorn
Introduction: In patients suspected of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), rapid triaging is imperative to improve clinical outcomes. For this purpose, balance-eye-face-arm-speech-time (BEFAST) items are used in out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC). We explored the risk of stroke and TIA among BEFAST positive patients calling to the OHS-PC, and assessed whether additional predictors could improve risk stratification.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of retrospectively gathered routine care data from telephone triage tape-recordings of patients calling the OHS-PC with neurological deficit symptoms, classified as BEFAST positive. Four models-with the predictors age, sex, a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular risk factors-were fitted using logistic regression to predict the outcome stroke or TIA. Likelihood ratio testing was used to select the best model, which was subsequently internally validated.
Results: The risk of stroke or TIA diagnosis was 52% among 1,289 BEFAST positive patients, median age 72 years, 56% female sex. Of patients with the outcome stroke/TIA, 24% received a low urgency allocation, while 92% had signs or symptoms when calling. Only the addition of age and sex improved predicting stroke or TIA (internally validated c-statistic 0.72, 95%CI 0.69-0.75). The predicted risk of stroke or TIA remained below 20% in those aged below 40. Females aged 70 or over and males aged 55 or over, had a predicted risk above 50%.
Discussion: Urgency allocation appears to be suboptimal in BEFAST positive patients calling the OHS-PC. Risk stratification could be improved in this setting by adding age and sex.
导言:对于疑似中风或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者,快速分流是改善临床疗效的当务之急。为此,在非工作时间初级保健(OHS-PC)中使用了平衡-视力-面部-手臂-语言时间(BEFAST)项目。我们探讨了致电 OHS-PC 的 BEFAST 阳性患者发生中风和 TIA 的风险,并评估了额外的预测因素是否能改善风险分层:这是一项横断面研究,研究人员从电话分诊录音中回顾性收集了被归类为 BEFAST 阳性的致电 OHS-PC 且伴有神经功能缺失症状的患者的常规护理数据。研究人员使用逻辑回归法拟合了四个模型(预测因子包括年龄、性别、心脑血管疾病史和心血管风险因素),以预测中风或 TIA 的结果。使用似然比检验选出最佳模型,随后进行内部验证:在 1289 名 BEFAST 阳性患者中,脑卒中或 TIA 诊断风险为 52%,中位年龄为 72 岁,女性占 56%。在结果为中风/TIA 的患者中,24% 接受了低急诊分配,而 92% 在呼叫时有体征或症状。只有加入年龄和性别后,中风或 TIA 的预测结果才会有所改善(内部验证的 c 统计量为 0.72,95%CI 为 0.69-0.75)。40 岁以下人群的中风或 TIA 预测风险仍低于 20%。70 岁及以上女性和 55 岁及以上男性的预测风险高于 50%:讨论:在呼叫 OHS-PC 的 BEFAST 阳性患者中,急诊分配似乎并不理想。在这种情况下,可以通过增加年龄和性别来改进风险分层。
{"title":"Additional predictors of stroke and transient ischaemic attack in BEFAST positive patients in out-of-hours emergency primary care.","authors":"Florien S van Royen, Geert-Jan Geersing, Daphne C Erkelens, Mathé Delissen, Jorn V F Rutten, Dorien L Zwart, Maarten van Smeden, Frans H Rutten, Sander van Doorn","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0310769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients suspected of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), rapid triaging is imperative to improve clinical outcomes. For this purpose, balance-eye-face-arm-speech-time (BEFAST) items are used in out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC). We explored the risk of stroke and TIA among BEFAST positive patients calling to the OHS-PC, and assessed whether additional predictors could improve risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study of retrospectively gathered routine care data from telephone triage tape-recordings of patients calling the OHS-PC with neurological deficit symptoms, classified as BEFAST positive. Four models-with the predictors age, sex, a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular risk factors-were fitted using logistic regression to predict the outcome stroke or TIA. Likelihood ratio testing was used to select the best model, which was subsequently internally validated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of stroke or TIA diagnosis was 52% among 1,289 BEFAST positive patients, median age 72 years, 56% female sex. Of patients with the outcome stroke/TIA, 24% received a low urgency allocation, while 92% had signs or symptoms when calling. Only the addition of age and sex improved predicting stroke or TIA (internally validated c-statistic 0.72, 95%CI 0.69-0.75). The predicted risk of stroke or TIA remained below 20% in those aged below 40. Females aged 70 or over and males aged 55 or over, had a predicted risk above 50%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Urgency allocation appears to be suboptimal in BEFAST positive patients calling the OHS-PC. Risk stratification could be improved in this setting by adding age and sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309721
Rangdong Liu, Aifang He, Yan Xu, Yisheng Zhou, Hui Cao
The purpose of this paper was to study in vitro atomization properties of the self-developed sodium sivelestat for inhalation, evaluate the feasibility of this preparation as an aerosol inhalation, and provide the guidance for the following animal administration experiment. Firstly, in order to ensure accurate, uniform and stable doses of the self-developed product after administration, its atomization performance was analyzed through the testing of fine particle mass and the total emitted dose, and the results of its atomization parameters meet the requirement of inhalation. Next, Atomization characteristics of two commonly used nebulizers, air compressed nebulizer and mesh nebulizer, were studied and compared. The results showed that mesh atomizers have a smaller and more uniform particle size distribution. And then, the experiment of acute lung injury induced by aerosol inhalation of lipopolysaccharide in mice was used to test the therapeutic effect of our self-developed formulation, and compared with the positive control (sodium sivelestat for injection). The results showed that inhalation had a lower concentration and was equally effective than injection of sodium sivelestat. All the results support that the self-developed sodium sivelestat can be used as an aerosol inhaled drug.
{"title":"In vitro atomization analysis and evaluation of inhalable sodium sivelestat formulations.","authors":"Rangdong Liu, Aifang He, Yan Xu, Yisheng Zhou, Hui Cao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0309721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper was to study in vitro atomization properties of the self-developed sodium sivelestat for inhalation, evaluate the feasibility of this preparation as an aerosol inhalation, and provide the guidance for the following animal administration experiment. Firstly, in order to ensure accurate, uniform and stable doses of the self-developed product after administration, its atomization performance was analyzed through the testing of fine particle mass and the total emitted dose, and the results of its atomization parameters meet the requirement of inhalation. Next, Atomization characteristics of two commonly used nebulizers, air compressed nebulizer and mesh nebulizer, were studied and compared. The results showed that mesh atomizers have a smaller and more uniform particle size distribution. And then, the experiment of acute lung injury induced by aerosol inhalation of lipopolysaccharide in mice was used to test the therapeutic effect of our self-developed formulation, and compared with the positive control (sodium sivelestat for injection). The results showed that inhalation had a lower concentration and was equally effective than injection of sodium sivelestat. All the results support that the self-developed sodium sivelestat can be used as an aerosol inhaled drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310807
Most Fatematuz Zohora, Fahiba Farhin, M Shamim Kaiser
Effective resource allocation is crucial in operating systems to prevent deadlocks, especially when resources are limited and non-shareable. Traditional methods like the Banker's algorithm provide solutions but suffer from limitations such as static process handling, high time complexity, and a lack of real-time adaptability. To address these challenges, we propose the Dynamic Banker's Deadlock Avoidance Algorithm (DBDAA). The DBDAA introduces real-time processing for safety checks, significantly improving system efficiency and reducing the risk of deadlocks. Unlike conventional methods, the DBDAA dynamically includes processes in safety checks, considerably decreasing the number of comparisons required to determine safe states. This optimization reduces the time complexity to O(n) in the best-case and O(nd) in the average and worst-case scenarios, compared to the O(n2d) complexity of the original Banker's algorithm. The integration of real-time processing ensures that all processes can immediately engage in safety checks, improving system responsiveness and making the DBDAA suitable for dynamic and time-sensitive applications. Additionally, the DBDAA introduces a primary unsafe sequence mechanism that enhances the acceptability and efficiency of the algorithm by allowing processes to participate in safety checks repeatedly after a predetermined amount of system-defined time. Experimental comparisons with existing algorithms demonstrate the superiority of the DBDAA in terms of reduced safe state prediction time and increased efficiency, making it a robust solution for deadlock avoidance in real-time systems.
{"title":"DBDAA: A real-time approach to Dynamic Banker's Deadlock Avoidance Algorithm with optimized time complexity.","authors":"Most Fatematuz Zohora, Fahiba Farhin, M Shamim Kaiser","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0310807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective resource allocation is crucial in operating systems to prevent deadlocks, especially when resources are limited and non-shareable. Traditional methods like the Banker's algorithm provide solutions but suffer from limitations such as static process handling, high time complexity, and a lack of real-time adaptability. To address these challenges, we propose the Dynamic Banker's Deadlock Avoidance Algorithm (DBDAA). The DBDAA introduces real-time processing for safety checks, significantly improving system efficiency and reducing the risk of deadlocks. Unlike conventional methods, the DBDAA dynamically includes processes in safety checks, considerably decreasing the number of comparisons required to determine safe states. This optimization reduces the time complexity to O(n) in the best-case and O(nd) in the average and worst-case scenarios, compared to the O(n2d) complexity of the original Banker's algorithm. The integration of real-time processing ensures that all processes can immediately engage in safety checks, improving system responsiveness and making the DBDAA suitable for dynamic and time-sensitive applications. Additionally, the DBDAA introduces a primary unsafe sequence mechanism that enhances the acceptability and efficiency of the algorithm by allowing processes to participate in safety checks repeatedly after a predetermined amount of system-defined time. Experimental comparisons with existing algorithms demonstrate the superiority of the DBDAA in terms of reduced safe state prediction time and increased efficiency, making it a robust solution for deadlock avoidance in real-time systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Dyslipidemia is increasingly common in people living with HIV (PLHIV), thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and diminishing the quality of life for these individuals. The study of blood lipid metabolism of PLHIV has great clinical significance in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aims to examine the blood lipid metabolism status of HIV-infected patients in Huzhou before and after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to explore the impact of different HAART regimens on dyslipidemia.
Method: PLHIV confirmed in Huzhou from June 2010 to June 2022 was included. The baseline characteristics and clinical data during the follow-up period were collected, including some blood lipid indicators (total cholesterol and triglycerides) and HAART regimens. A multivariate logistic regression model and the generalized estimating equation model were used to analyze the independent effects of treatment regimens on the risk of dyslipidemia.
Result: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia among PLHIV after HAART was 70.11%. PLHIV receiving lamivudine (3TC) + efavirenz (EFV) + zidovudine (AZT) had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to those receiving 3TC+EFV+tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). In a logistic analysis adjusted for important covariates such as BMI, age, diabetes status, etc., we found that the risks of dyslipidemia were higher with 3TC+EFV+AZT (dyslipidemia: odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.28-3.41; TG ≥1.7: OR = 2.40, 95%Cl:1.50-3.84) than with 3TC+EFV+TDF. Furthermore, on PLHIV that was matched 1:1 by the HAART regimens, the results of the generalized estimation equation again showed that 3TC+EFV+AZT (TG ≥1.7: OR = 1.84, 95%Cl: 1.10-3.07) is higher for the risk of marginal elevations of TG than 3TC+EFV+TDF.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia varies according to different antiretroviral regimens. Using both horizontal and longitudinal data, we have repeatedly demonstrated that AZT has a more adverse effect on blood lipids than TDF from two perspectives. Therefore, we recommend caution in using the 3TC+EFV+AZT regimen for people at clinical risk of co-occurring cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"The risk of dyslipidemia on PLHIV associated with different antiretroviral regimens in Huzhou.","authors":"Yanan Wang, Zhongrong Yang, Jing Li, Zhenqian Wu, Xiaoqi Liu, Hui Wang, Yuxin Chen, Ziyi Wang, Zhaowei Tong, Xiaofeng Li, Feilin Ren, Meihua Jin, Guangyun Mao","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0305461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslipidemia is increasingly common in people living with HIV (PLHIV), thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and diminishing the quality of life for these individuals. The study of blood lipid metabolism of PLHIV has great clinical significance in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aims to examine the blood lipid metabolism status of HIV-infected patients in Huzhou before and after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to explore the impact of different HAART regimens on dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PLHIV confirmed in Huzhou from June 2010 to June 2022 was included. The baseline characteristics and clinical data during the follow-up period were collected, including some blood lipid indicators (total cholesterol and triglycerides) and HAART regimens. A multivariate logistic regression model and the generalized estimating equation model were used to analyze the independent effects of treatment regimens on the risk of dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia among PLHIV after HAART was 70.11%. PLHIV receiving lamivudine (3TC) + efavirenz (EFV) + zidovudine (AZT) had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to those receiving 3TC+EFV+tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). In a logistic analysis adjusted for important covariates such as BMI, age, diabetes status, etc., we found that the risks of dyslipidemia were higher with 3TC+EFV+AZT (dyslipidemia: odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.28-3.41; TG ≥1.7: OR = 2.40, 95%Cl:1.50-3.84) than with 3TC+EFV+TDF. Furthermore, on PLHIV that was matched 1:1 by the HAART regimens, the results of the generalized estimation equation again showed that 3TC+EFV+AZT (TG ≥1.7: OR = 1.84, 95%Cl: 1.10-3.07) is higher for the risk of marginal elevations of TG than 3TC+EFV+TDF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of dyslipidemia varies according to different antiretroviral regimens. Using both horizontal and longitudinal data, we have repeatedly demonstrated that AZT has a more adverse effect on blood lipids than TDF from two perspectives. Therefore, we recommend caution in using the 3TC+EFV+AZT regimen for people at clinical risk of co-occurring cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Testing the biocompatibility of commercially available dental materials is a major challenge in dental material science. In the present study, the biocompatibility of four commercially available dental materials Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Oxford ActiveCal PC was investigated. The biocompatibility analysis was performed on zebrafish embryos and larvae using standard toxicity tests such as survivability and hatching rates. Comparative toxicity analysis of toxicity was performed by measuring apoptosis using acridine orange dye and whole mount immunofluorescence methods on zebrafish larvae exposed to the dental materials at different dilutions. Toxicity analysis showed a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates with increasing concentration of exposed materials. The results of the apoptosis assay with acridine orange showed greater biocompatibility of Biodentine, Oxford ActiveCal PC, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Biodentine compared to MTA, which was concentration dependent. Consequently, this study has shown that showed resin-modified calcium silicates are more biocompatible than traditional calcium silicates.
{"title":"Investigation of the biocompatibility of various pulp capping materials on zebrafish model.","authors":"Meltem Karahan, Bahar Basak Kiziltan Eliacik, Umut Cagiral, Evin Iscan, Gunes Ozhan","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0310996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testing the biocompatibility of commercially available dental materials is a major challenge in dental material science. In the present study, the biocompatibility of four commercially available dental materials Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Oxford ActiveCal PC was investigated. The biocompatibility analysis was performed on zebrafish embryos and larvae using standard toxicity tests such as survivability and hatching rates. Comparative toxicity analysis of toxicity was performed by measuring apoptosis using acridine orange dye and whole mount immunofluorescence methods on zebrafish larvae exposed to the dental materials at different dilutions. Toxicity analysis showed a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates with increasing concentration of exposed materials. The results of the apoptosis assay with acridine orange showed greater biocompatibility of Biodentine, Oxford ActiveCal PC, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Biodentine compared to MTA, which was concentration dependent. Consequently, this study has shown that showed resin-modified calcium silicates are more biocompatible than traditional calcium silicates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306793
Guangxiao Ni, Lulu Kou, Chunqiao Duan, Ran Meng, Pu Wang
Objective: To explore whether miR-199a-5p regulated BBB integrity through PI3K/Akt pathway after ischemia stroke.
Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) were used in experiment. The Ludmila Belayev 12-point scoring was used to measure the neurological function of MCAO rats. The Evans Blue Stain, immunofluorescence staining, western-blotting and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-199a-5p mimic on BBB integrity in rats following MCAO.
Results: The result suggested that miR-199a-5p mimic treatment possessed the potential to boost proprioception and motor activity of MCAO rats. MiR-199a-5p decreased the expression of PIK3R2 after MCAO, activated Akt signaling pathway, and increased the expression of Claudin-5 and VEGF in the ischemic penumbra. Furthermore, miR-199a-5p alleviated inflammation after cerebral ischemia. BBB leakage and neurocyte apoptosis were cut down in MCAO rats treated with miR-199a-5p mimic.
Conclusions: MiR-199a-5p mimic decreased the expression of PIK3R2 and activated Akt signaling pathway after ischemia stroke, reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and attenuated BBB disruption after ischemic stroke.
{"title":"MicroRNA-199a-5p attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption following ischemic stroke by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.","authors":"Guangxiao Ni, Lulu Kou, Chunqiao Duan, Ran Meng, Pu Wang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0306793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore whether miR-199a-5p regulated BBB integrity through PI3K/Akt pathway after ischemia stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) were used in experiment. The Ludmila Belayev 12-point scoring was used to measure the neurological function of MCAO rats. The Evans Blue Stain, immunofluorescence staining, western-blotting and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-199a-5p mimic on BBB integrity in rats following MCAO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result suggested that miR-199a-5p mimic treatment possessed the potential to boost proprioception and motor activity of MCAO rats. MiR-199a-5p decreased the expression of PIK3R2 after MCAO, activated Akt signaling pathway, and increased the expression of Claudin-5 and VEGF in the ischemic penumbra. Furthermore, miR-199a-5p alleviated inflammation after cerebral ischemia. BBB leakage and neurocyte apoptosis were cut down in MCAO rats treated with miR-199a-5p mimic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MiR-199a-5p mimic decreased the expression of PIK3R2 and activated Akt signaling pathway after ischemia stroke, reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and attenuated BBB disruption after ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309647
Habib Ur Rehman, Najam Ul Hassan, Mohsan Jelani, Kaseb D Alanazi, Nasar Ahmed, Tariq Saif Ullah, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Khaled Fahmi Fawy
One of the most significant medicinal plants used to treat numerous illnesses is Swertia chirayita. The present study demonstrated the compositional analysis of the Swertia chirayita (S. chirayita) plant using an emerging and non-destructive laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Sr, Cr, and Na were verified as necessary elements by the optical emission investigations, while Al, Ti, Si, Ba, Mn, and Li were non-essential. Using the Boltzmann plot technique with stark broadening parameters, plasma temperature and electron number density were calculated in the range of (10,000-12,000) K ±1000 K and (1.5-1.8) × 1017 cm-3, respectively. Finally, compositional analysis was carried out using calibration-free (CF-LIBS) analysis and results were compared with ICP-MS. It was observed that the concentration of Ca and Fe is higher than other detected elements. All the toxic elements are found to be within the safe limit. So, this medicinal plant can be used to cure a variety of diseases that arise due to the deficiency of these elements.
Swertia chirayita 是用于治疗多种疾病的最重要的药用植物之一。本研究利用一种新兴的非破坏性激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术,对獐牙菜(Swertia chirayita)植物进行了成分分析。通过光发射研究,证实了 Mg、Ca、K、Fe、Sr、Cr 和 Na 为必需元素,而 Al、Ti、Si、Ba、Mn 和 Li 为非必需元素。利用波尔兹曼图技术和星界展宽参数,计算出等离子体温度和电子数密度的范围分别为 (10,000-12,000) K ±1000 K 和 (1.5-1.8) × 1017 cm-3。最后,利用免校准(CF-LIBS)分析法进行了成分分析,并将结果与 ICP-MS 进行了比较。结果表明,钙和铁的浓度高于其他检测到的元素。所有有毒元素都在安全范围内。因此,这种药用植物可用于治疗因缺乏这些元素而引起的各种疾病。
{"title":"Compositional analysis of Swertia chirayita medicinal plant using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and ICP-MS.","authors":"Habib Ur Rehman, Najam Ul Hassan, Mohsan Jelani, Kaseb D Alanazi, Nasar Ahmed, Tariq Saif Ullah, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Khaled Fahmi Fawy","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0309647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most significant medicinal plants used to treat numerous illnesses is Swertia chirayita. The present study demonstrated the compositional analysis of the Swertia chirayita (S. chirayita) plant using an emerging and non-destructive laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Sr, Cr, and Na were verified as necessary elements by the optical emission investigations, while Al, Ti, Si, Ba, Mn, and Li were non-essential. Using the Boltzmann plot technique with stark broadening parameters, plasma temperature and electron number density were calculated in the range of (10,000-12,000) K ±1000 K and (1.5-1.8) × 1017 cm-3, respectively. Finally, compositional analysis was carried out using calibration-free (CF-LIBS) analysis and results were compared with ICP-MS. It was observed that the concentration of Ca and Fe is higher than other detected elements. All the toxic elements are found to be within the safe limit. So, this medicinal plant can be used to cure a variety of diseases that arise due to the deficiency of these elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303100
Evangeline Tabor, Dylan Kneale, Praveetha Patalay
Background: Sexual orientation has been measured in a wide variety of ways which reflect both theoretical and practical considerations. However, choice of sexual orientation measure and recoding strategy can impact analytic sample, as well as demographic and health profiles, in analyses of sexual minority populations. We aimed to examine how choice of sexual orientation dimension and recoding decisions impact estimates in the sexual minority population in two population-based studies in the UK.
Methods: We used data collected at age 17 (2018) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study and at sweep six (2012-13) and eight (2017-18) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the impact of choice of sexual orientation dimension (i.e. identity, attraction and experience) and recoding decisions on achieved analytic sample and composition by selected demographic and health measures within and between datasets.
Results: Dimension choice and recoding decisions resulted in variation in analytic sample. For example, more respondents reported some same-sex sexual attraction than reported a non-heterosexual identity (adolescents: 20.77% vs 8.97%, older adults: 4.77% vs 1.04%). Demographic distributions varied, but not substantially by dimension choice or recoding strategy. Overall, in both datasets sexual minority respondents were more likely to be White and in the highest quintiles for income and education than heterosexual respondents. Health status did not vary substantially by dimension choice or recoding strategy, however sexual minority respondents reported worse health than their heterosexual peers.
Conclusions: This study explores a range of practical and theoretical considerations when analysing sexual minority respondents using survey data. We highlight the impact recoding decisions may have on the numbers of sexual minority respondents identified within a dataset and demographic and health distributions in this understudied population. We also demonstrate the benefits of including multiple dimensions for capturing mechanisms of interest in elucidating ambiguous responses and exploring sexual diversity.
{"title":"Mainly heterosexual, bisexual, or other?: The measurement of sexual minority status and its impact on analytic sample, demographic distribution and health outcomes.","authors":"Evangeline Tabor, Dylan Kneale, Praveetha Patalay","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0303100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual orientation has been measured in a wide variety of ways which reflect both theoretical and practical considerations. However, choice of sexual orientation measure and recoding strategy can impact analytic sample, as well as demographic and health profiles, in analyses of sexual minority populations. We aimed to examine how choice of sexual orientation dimension and recoding decisions impact estimates in the sexual minority population in two population-based studies in the UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data collected at age 17 (2018) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study and at sweep six (2012-13) and eight (2017-18) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the impact of choice of sexual orientation dimension (i.e. identity, attraction and experience) and recoding decisions on achieved analytic sample and composition by selected demographic and health measures within and between datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dimension choice and recoding decisions resulted in variation in analytic sample. For example, more respondents reported some same-sex sexual attraction than reported a non-heterosexual identity (adolescents: 20.77% vs 8.97%, older adults: 4.77% vs 1.04%). Demographic distributions varied, but not substantially by dimension choice or recoding strategy. Overall, in both datasets sexual minority respondents were more likely to be White and in the highest quintiles for income and education than heterosexual respondents. Health status did not vary substantially by dimension choice or recoding strategy, however sexual minority respondents reported worse health than their heterosexual peers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study explores a range of practical and theoretical considerations when analysing sexual minority respondents using survey data. We highlight the impact recoding decisions may have on the numbers of sexual minority respondents identified within a dataset and demographic and health distributions in this understudied population. We also demonstrate the benefits of including multiple dimensions for capturing mechanisms of interest in elucidating ambiguous responses and exploring sexual diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310902
Catharina Bartmann, Theresa Kimmel, Petra Davidova, Miriam Kalok, Corina Essel, Fadia Ben Ahmed, Rhiannon V McNeill, Tanja Wolfgang, Andreas Reif, Franz Bahlmann, Achim Wöckel, Patricia Trautmann-Villalba, Ulrike Kämmerer, Sarah Kittel-Schneider
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Methods: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic situation during and post pregnancy was addressed on three main factors; maternal mental health, mother-child bonding, and maternal self-confidence. To do this, two different patient cohorts were compared; data from one cohort was collected pre-pandemic, and data was collected from the other cohort at the beginning of the pandemic. Questionnaires were used to collect data regarding depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]), anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), maternal self-confidence (Lips Maternal Self-Confidence Scale [LMSCS]) and mother-child bonding (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire [PBQ]).
Results: There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms (EPDS with an average median of 4.00-5.00) or anxiety (STAI with an average median of 29.00-33.00) between the cohorts. However, the quality of postpartum maternal bonding was higher at 3-6 months in the pandemic cohort, which was also influenced by education and the mode and number of births. The maternal self-confidence was lower in the pandemic sample, also depending on the mode of birth delivery.
Conclusions: In this study, a differential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mother-child bonding and maternal self-confidence was observed. The results thereby identified possible protective factors of the pandemic, which could potentially be implemented to improve maternal mental health and bonding to the child under normal circumstances.
{"title":"The impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum.","authors":"Catharina Bartmann, Theresa Kimmel, Petra Davidova, Miriam Kalok, Corina Essel, Fadia Ben Ahmed, Rhiannon V McNeill, Tanja Wolfgang, Andreas Reif, Franz Bahlmann, Achim Wöckel, Patricia Trautmann-Villalba, Ulrike Kämmerer, Sarah Kittel-Schneider","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0310902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health during pregnancy and the postpartum period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic situation during and post pregnancy was addressed on three main factors; maternal mental health, mother-child bonding, and maternal self-confidence. To do this, two different patient cohorts were compared; data from one cohort was collected pre-pandemic, and data was collected from the other cohort at the beginning of the pandemic. Questionnaires were used to collect data regarding depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]), anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), maternal self-confidence (Lips Maternal Self-Confidence Scale [LMSCS]) and mother-child bonding (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire [PBQ]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms (EPDS with an average median of 4.00-5.00) or anxiety (STAI with an average median of 29.00-33.00) between the cohorts. However, the quality of postpartum maternal bonding was higher at 3-6 months in the pandemic cohort, which was also influenced by education and the mode and number of births. The maternal self-confidence was lower in the pandemic sample, also depending on the mode of birth delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, a differential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mother-child bonding and maternal self-confidence was observed. The results thereby identified possible protective factors of the pandemic, which could potentially be implemented to improve maternal mental health and bonding to the child under normal circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate the detectability of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using a combination of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters.
Methods: We analyzed dual-energy CT and PET preoperative data in 27 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (23 men, 4 women; mean age, 73.7 years). We selected lymph nodes with a short-axis diameter of ≥5 mm and measured CT values, iodine concentrations, fat fractions, long- and short-axis diameters, and ratio of long- and short-axis diameters. We performed visual assessment of lymph node characteristics based on dual-energy CT and determined the maximum standardized uptake value via PET. The measured values were postoperatively compared between pathologically confirmed metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with lymph node metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Results: Overall, 18 metastatic and 37 nonmetastatic lymph nodes were detected. CT values, iodine concentrations, fat fractions, and the maximum standardized uptake values differed significantly between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression showed that iodine concentration and the maximum standardized uptake value were significant predictors of metastatic lymph nodes. The areas under the curve of iodine concentrations and maximum standardized uptake values were 0.809 and 0.833, respectively. The area under the curve of the combined parameters was 0.884, with 83.3% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity.
Conclusion: Combined dual-energy CT and PET parameters improved the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.
{"title":"Preoperative dual-energy computed tomography and positron-emission tomography evaluation of lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Xuyang Sun, Tetsu Niwa, Toshiki Kazama, Takashi Okazaki, Kazuo Koyanagi, Nobue Kumaki, Jun Hashimoto, Soji Ozawa","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0309653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the detectability of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using a combination of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed dual-energy CT and PET preoperative data in 27 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (23 men, 4 women; mean age, 73.7 years). We selected lymph nodes with a short-axis diameter of ≥5 mm and measured CT values, iodine concentrations, fat fractions, long- and short-axis diameters, and ratio of long- and short-axis diameters. We performed visual assessment of lymph node characteristics based on dual-energy CT and determined the maximum standardized uptake value via PET. The measured values were postoperatively compared between pathologically confirmed metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with lymph node metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 18 metastatic and 37 nonmetastatic lymph nodes were detected. CT values, iodine concentrations, fat fractions, and the maximum standardized uptake values differed significantly between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression showed that iodine concentration and the maximum standardized uptake value were significant predictors of metastatic lymph nodes. The areas under the curve of iodine concentrations and maximum standardized uptake values were 0.809 and 0.833, respectively. The area under the curve of the combined parameters was 0.884, with 83.3% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined dual-energy CT and PET parameters improved the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}