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Exploring vaccine hesitancy in digital public discourse: From tribal polarization to socio-economic disparities. 探索数字公共话语中的疫苗犹豫不决:从部落两极分化到社会经济差异。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308122
Huzeyfe Ayaz, Muhammed Hasan Celik, Huseyin Zeyd Koytak, Ibrahim Emre Yanik

This study analyzed online public discourse on Twitter (later rebranded as X) during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy by employing deep-learning techniques. Text classification analysis reveals a significant association between attitudes toward vaccination and the unique socio-economic characteristics of US states, such as education, race, income or voting behavior. However, our results indicate that attributing vaccine hesitancy solely to a single social factor is not appropriate. Furthermore, the topic modeling of online discourse identifies two distinct sets of justifications for vaccine hesitancy. The first set pertains to political concerns, including constitutional rights and conspiracy theories. The second pertains to medical concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. However, vaccine-hesitant social media users pragmatically use broad categories of justification for their beliefs. This behavior may suggest that vaccine hesitancy is influenced by political beliefs, unconscious emotions, and gut-level instinct. Our findings have further implications for the critical role of trust in public institutions in shaping attitudes toward vaccination and the need for tailored communication strategies to restore faith in marginalized communities.

本研究分析了 COVID-19 大流行期间 Twitter(后改名为 X)上的在线公共言论,通过采用深度学习技术了解与疫苗接种犹豫不决相关的关键因素。文本分类分析表明,对疫苗接种的态度与美国各州独特的社会经济特征(如教育、种族、收入或投票行为)之间存在显著关联。然而,我们的研究结果表明,将疫苗接种犹豫仅仅归因于单一的社会因素是不恰当的。此外,在线讨论的主题建模确定了两组不同的疫苗犹豫理由。第一组涉及政治问题,包括宪法权利和阴谋论。第二类则是对疫苗安全性和有效性的医学担忧。然而,对疫苗持犹豫态度的社交媒体用户会务实地使用广泛类别的理由来证明他们的信念。这种行为可能表明,疫苗犹豫不决受到政治信仰、无意识情绪和直觉的影响。我们的研究结果进一步说明了对公共机构的信任在形成疫苗接种态度中的关键作用,以及需要有针对性的传播策略来恢复边缘化群体的信心。
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引用次数: 0
Fine-scale genetic structure and rare variant frequencies. 精细遗传结构和罕见变异频率
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313133
Laurence Gagnon, Claudia Moreau, Catherine Laprise, Simon L Girard

In response to the current challenge in genetic studies to make new associations, we advocate for a shift toward leveraging population fine-scale structure. Our exploration brings to light distinct fine-structure within populations having undergone a founder effect such as the Ashkenazi Jews and the population of the Quebec' province. We leverage the fine-scale population structure to explore its impact on the frequency of rare variants. Notably, we observed an 8-fold increase in frequency for a variant associated with the Usher syndrome in one Quebec subpopulation. Our study underscores that smaller cohorts with greater genetic similarity demonstrate an important increase in rare variant frequencies, offering a promising avenue for new genetic variants' discovery.

为了应对当前基因研究在建立新联系方面所面临的挑战,我们主张转向利用人群的精细结构。我们的探索揭示了经历过创始效应的人群(如阿什肯纳兹犹太人和魁北克省的人群)中独特的精细结构。我们利用精细的种群结构来探索其对罕见变异频率的影响。值得注意的是,我们观察到,在一个魁北克亚人群中,与乌谢尔综合征相关的变体频率增加了 8 倍。我们的研究强调,遗传相似性更高的小型队列会显著增加罕见变异的频率,这为发现新的遗传变异提供了一个前景广阔的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Prolactin protects hippocampal neurons against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing BAX and NOX4 via the NF-κB signaling pathway. 催乳素通过NF-κB信号通路抑制BAX和NOX4,从而保护海马神经元免受H2O2诱导的神经损伤。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313328
Fernando Macías, Miriam Ulloa, Carmen Clapp, Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera, Edith Arnold

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiological byproducts of neuronal metabolism. However, an imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant capacity, often driven by dysregulated pro-oxidant enzymes like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX), can result in deleterious oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. While interventions with broad-spectrum antioxidants have demonstrated limited efficacy, the modulation of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms presents a promising therapeutic avenue. Here, we investigated the potential of the neuroprotective hormone prolactin to mitigate oxidative stress and subsequent neuronal cell death. Prolactin protected primary mouse hippocampal neurons from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage. Prolactin reduced ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, and its effects were occluded by a specific prolactin receptor antagonist (G129R-hPRL). Mechanistically, prolactin suppressed H2O2-induced mRNA upregulation of pro-oxidative Nox4 and pro-apoptotic Bax. Moreover, prolactin induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway abolished the neuroprotective and transcriptional effects of prolactin, indicating its central role in prolactin-mediated protection. Our findings indicate that prolactin exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects by modulating the expression of Nox4 and Bax, thereby reducing ROS generation and neuronal apoptosis. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of prolactin in attenuating oxidative stress and suggests a possible role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

活性氧(ROS)是神经元新陈代谢的生理副产物。然而,由于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶(NOX)等促氧化酶的失调,ROS 的生成与抗氧化能力失衡,可能导致有害的氧化应激。这种氧化应激是神经退行性疾病发病机制中的一个关键因素。虽然使用广谱抗氧化剂进行干预的疗效有限,但调节内源性抗氧化机制是一条很有前景的治疗途径。在这里,我们研究了神经保护激素催乳素减轻氧化应激和随后神经细胞死亡的潜力。催乳素能保护原代小鼠海马神经元免受过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的氧化损伤。催乳素可降低ROS水平、脂质过氧化和细胞凋亡,其作用被一种特异性催乳素受体拮抗剂(G129R-hPRL)所阻断。从机理上讲,催乳素抑制了 H2O2 诱导的促氧化 Nox4 和促凋亡 Bax 的 mRNA 上调。此外,催乳素还能诱导核因子卡巴B(NF-κB)核转位,而抑制NF-κB信号通路则能消除催乳素的神经保护和转录效应,这表明催乳素在催乳素介导的保护中发挥着核心作用。我们的研究结果表明,催乳素通过调节 Nox4 和 Bax 的表达,从而减少 ROS 的产生和神经元凋亡,发挥了强大的抗氧化和神经保护作用。这项研究强调了催乳素在减轻氧化应激方面的治疗潜力,并提出了催乳素在治疗神经退行性疾病中可能发挥的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The limits of learning engagement and academic leadership within the higher education digitalization process - analysis by using PLS SEM. 高等教育数字化进程中学习参与和学术领导力的局限性--利用 PLS SEM 进行分析。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306079
Ioana Gutu, Camelia Nicoleta Medeleanu, Romeo Asiminei

There is convincing evidence that the learning environments digitalization of tools and equipment ultimately results in the speed and depth learning involvement of academia members, by raising attainment of each of the digital learning experiences. The majority of the research that was conducted on the topic of enhancing the digital skills of learners, which would ultimately lead to an increase in their active engagement, was conducted on students in primary and secondary education, leaving members of higher education outside of the scope of the study. Given the uninterrupted search for academic performance and innovation, the current research considers the technological changes that lead to the transformation of the traditional academic learning environments as previously known. The current paper considers the changes in the learners' engagement in the context of the dually digital transformation of the higher academic multi-institutional digitally-learning enhancements. An important factor to be considered regards the leadership evolution (in terms of teaching) that over time, led to a different speed contextual shift, according to its effectiveness, leading to higher or lower students learning (dis)engagement. The current manuscript aims to examine how the higher education digitalization levels could affect the student's learning engagement, under the close monitoring of the academia leadership styles practice. Data collection and analysis implied at first a qualitative approach by issuing an online-distributed survey that resulted in a number of 2272 valid responses. After performing structural equation modelling and proving a valid assessment tool, the analysis resulted into statistically proving the validity of two main hypotheses according to which students learning engagement has a positive effect on the practice of academic leadership. Additionally, results emphasized the fact that higher education digitalization has altogether a negative effect of students learning engagement. Consequently, the current study stresses on the importance of different peers' categories in the context of higher education institutions performance, with an emphasis on the different levels of students' engagement and the leadership styles evolution and practice, aspects uniformly developing within a continuously digitally transformation of the higher education environment.

有令人信服的证据表明,学习环境中工具和设备的数字化最终会提高学术界成员参与学习的速度和深度,提高每一种数字化学习体验的成就感。关于提高学习者的数字化技能,从而最终提高学习者的积极参与程度这一主题的大部分研究都是针对中小学学生进行的,高等教育机构的成员不在研究范围之内。鉴于对学习成绩和创新的追求从未间断,本研究考虑的是导致传统学术学习环境转变的技术变革。本文探讨了在高等学术多机构数字化学习提升的双重数字化转型背景下学习者参与的变化。需要考虑的一个重要因素是领导力的演变(在教学方面),随着时间的推移,领导力会根据其有效性导致不同速度的背景转变,从而导致学生学习(不)参与度的提高或降低。本手稿旨在研究高等教育数字化水平如何在学术界领导风格实践的密切监控下影响学生的学习参与度。数据收集和分析首先采用定性方法,通过在线分发调查问卷,共收到 2272 份有效回复。在进行结构方程建模并证明有效的评估工具后,分析结果在统计学上证明了两个主要假设的有效性,根据这两个假设,学生的学习参与对学术领导力的实践具有积极影响。此外,研究结果还强调了高等教育数字化对学生学习参与度有负面影响这一事实。因此,当前的研究强调了在高等教育机构绩效背景下不同同行类别的重要性,重点是不同层次的学生参与以及领导风格的演变和实践,这些方面都是在高等教育环境不断数字化转型的背景下统一发展的。
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引用次数: 0
The prospective impact of extradyadic stress on depressive symptoms and the mediating role of intradyadic stress in parents-an actor-partner interdependence mediation model. 家庭外压力对抑郁症状的前瞻性影响以及父母家庭内压力的中介作用--行为者-伙伴相互依赖中介模型。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311989
Paula Böhlmann, Judith T Mack, Victoria Weise, Lara Seefeld, Guy Bodenmann, Anna-Lena Zietlow, Susan Garthus-Niegel

Background: Stress outside of the couple relationship (extradyadic stress) can spill over into the couple relationship, increasing stress between the partners (intradyadic stress). Extra- and intradyadic stress are furthermore associated with depressive symptoms. Due to the interdependence of romantic partners, this study aimed to investigate the influence of the person's own and their partner's extra- and intradyadic stress on the person's depressive symptoms in parents of toddlers. The second aim was to evaluate whether intradyadic stress mediates the within-person and between-partner association between extradyadic stress and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Longitudinal data of a community sample of 878 opposite-sex couples, participating in the prospective cohort study DREAM, were collected two and three years after birth. Extra- and intradyadic stress were assessed by the Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An actor-partner interdependence mediation model was applied to the data, while controlling for the confounder academic degree.

Results: The person's own extradyadic stress predicted their depressive symptoms one year later, partially mediated by their intradyadic stress. The partner's extradyadic stress and the person's own depressive symptoms one year later were only indirectly associated through the person's own intradyadic stress. In a sensitivity analysis, between-partner effects were no longer significant after including autoregressive pathways.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of the extradyadic-intradyadic stress spillover for the mental health of women and men with young children. Early targeted interventions could help to prevent later depressive symptoms by reducing stress inside the couple relationship that results from both partners' stress from outside the couple relationship.

背景:夫妻关系之外的压力(日外压力)会蔓延到夫妻关系中,增加伴侣之间的压力(日内压力)。此外,伴侣间和伴侣外的压力还与抑郁症状有关。鉴于恋爱伴侣之间的相互依存关系,本研究旨在调查幼儿父母自身及其伴侣的 "阶外压力 "和 "阶内压力 "对其抑郁症状的影响。研究的第二个目的是评估伴侣内压力是否能调节伴侣外压力和抑郁症状之间的人内和伴侣间关系:方法:收集了参加前瞻性队列研究 DREAM 的 878 对异性夫妇的纵向数据。夫妻多维压力调查表(Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples)对产外和产中压力进行评估,爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale)对抑郁症状进行评估。在控制混杂因素学历的同时,对数据采用了行为者-伴侣相互依赖中介模型:结果:当事人自身的阶段外压力可预测其一年后的抑郁症状,部分受其阶段内压力的影响。伴侣的情绪外压力和当事人一年后的抑郁症状仅通过当事人自身的情绪内压力间接相关。在一项敏感性分析中,在纳入自回归路径后,伴侣间的影响不再显著:我们的研究结果凸显了家庭外-家庭内压力溢出对有年幼子女的女性和男性心理健康的重要性。及早采取有针对性的干预措施,可以减少夫妻关系中的压力,从而预防日后出现抑郁症状。
{"title":"The prospective impact of extradyadic stress on depressive symptoms and the mediating role of intradyadic stress in parents-an actor-partner interdependence mediation model.","authors":"Paula Böhlmann, Judith T Mack, Victoria Weise, Lara Seefeld, Guy Bodenmann, Anna-Lena Zietlow, Susan Garthus-Niegel","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0311989","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pone.0311989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stress outside of the couple relationship (extradyadic stress) can spill over into the couple relationship, increasing stress between the partners (intradyadic stress). Extra- and intradyadic stress are furthermore associated with depressive symptoms. Due to the interdependence of romantic partners, this study aimed to investigate the influence of the person's own and their partner's extra- and intradyadic stress on the person's depressive symptoms in parents of toddlers. The second aim was to evaluate whether intradyadic stress mediates the within-person and between-partner association between extradyadic stress and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal data of a community sample of 878 opposite-sex couples, participating in the prospective cohort study DREAM, were collected two and three years after birth. Extra- and intradyadic stress were assessed by the Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An actor-partner interdependence mediation model was applied to the data, while controlling for the confounder academic degree.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The person's own extradyadic stress predicted their depressive symptoms one year later, partially mediated by their intradyadic stress. The partner's extradyadic stress and the person's own depressive symptoms one year later were only indirectly associated through the person's own intradyadic stress. In a sensitivity analysis, between-partner effects were no longer significant after including autoregressive pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of the extradyadic-intradyadic stress spillover for the mental health of women and men with young children. Early targeted interventions could help to prevent later depressive symptoms by reducing stress inside the couple relationship that results from both partners' stress from outside the couple relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A detailed analysis of game statistics of professional tennis players: An inferential and machine learning approach. 详细分析职业网球运动员的比赛统计数据:推理和机器学习方法
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309085
Michal Bozděch, Dominik Puda, Pavel Grasgruber

Tennis, a widely enjoyed sport, motivates athletes and coaches to optimize training for competitive success. This retrospective predictive study examines anthropometric features and statistics of 1990 tennis players in the 2022 season, using 20,040 data points retrospectively obtained from the ATP official source after the end of the season. These data were cross-verified with information from other sources before categorisation to address any discrepancies. Employing various analytical methods, the results emphasize the strategic importance of tournament participation and gameplay for financial gains and higher rankings. Prize money analysis reveals a significant disparity favoring top players. Multivariate Analysis of Variance highlights the need to consider multiple variables for understanding ATP rankings. Multinomial Logistic Regression identifies age, height, and specific service-related metrics as key determinants, with older and taller players more likely to secure top positions. Neural Network models exhibit potential in predicting ATP Rank outcomes, particularly for ATP Rank (500). Our results argue for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Neural Networks, in handling complex interactions and emphasize that AI is a supportive tool in decision-making, requiring careful consideration by experienced individuals. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of ATP ranking factors, providing actionable insights for coaches, players, and stakeholders in the tennis community.

网球是一项广受欢迎的运动,它激励着运动员和教练员优化训练以取得竞技成功。这项回顾性预测研究利用赛季结束后从 ATP 官方来源回顾性获取的 20,040 个数据点,对 2022 赛季 1990 名网球运动员的人体测量特征和统计数据进行了研究。这些数据在归类前与其他来源的信息进行了交叉验证,以消除任何差异。通过采用各种分析方法,结果强调了参加锦标赛和比赛对经济收益和提高排名的战略重要性。奖金分析表明,顶级选手的奖金差距很大。多变量方差分析强调了理解 ATP 排名需要考虑多个变量。多项式逻辑回归确定年龄、身高和特定的服务相关指标是关键的决定因素,年龄较大和身高较高的球员更有可能获得顶尖位置。神经网络模型在预测 ATP 排名结果,尤其是 ATP 排名(500)方面显示出潜力。我们的研究结果支持使用人工智能(AI),特别是神经网络来处理复杂的相互作用,并强调人工智能是决策中的辅助工具,需要有经验的个人进行仔细考虑。总之,这项研究加深了我们对 ATP 排名因素的理解,为网球界的教练、球员和利益相关者提供了可行的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Antidepressant prescribing inequalities in people with comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes: A UK primary care electronic health record study. 合并抑郁症和 2 型糖尿病患者的抗抑郁药处方不平等:英国初级保健电子健康记录研究。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309153
Yutung Ng, Joseph F Hayes, Annie Jeffery

Aims: To compare the likelihood of being prescribed an antidepressant in depressed individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We performed a matched cohort study using primary care record data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare antidepressant prescribing during the first five years of starting oral antidiabetic medication to a comparison group without type 2 diabetes, matched based on GP practice, age and sex. We performed subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age and ethnicity.

Results: People with type 2 diabetes and depression were 75% less likely to be prescribed an antidepressant compared to people with depression alone (odds ratio (OR) 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.26). This difference was greater in males (OR 0.23, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.24), people older than 56 years (OR 0.23, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.24), or from a minoritised ethnic background (Asian OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.12-0.14; Black OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.09-0.14).

Conclusions: There may be inequalities in access to antidepressant treatment for people with type 2 diabetes, particularly those who are male, older or from minoritised ethnic backgrounds.

目的:比较患有和未患有 2 型糖尿病的抑郁症患者被处方抗抑郁药的可能性:我们利用英国临床实践研究数据链(UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink)中的初级保健记录数据进行了一项匹配队列研究。我们使用多变量逻辑回归法,比较了在开始口服抗糖尿病药物的头五年中,抗抑郁药处方的开具情况,并与根据全科医生诊所、年龄和性别进行匹配的无 2 型糖尿病的对比组进行了比较。我们按性别、年龄和种族进行了分组分析:与仅患有抑郁症的患者相比,2型糖尿病合并抑郁症患者获得抗抑郁药物处方的几率要低75%(几率比(OR)为0.25,95%置信区间(CI)为0.25至0.26)。这一差异在男性(OR 0.23,95% CI,0.22-0.24)、56 岁以上(OR 0.23,95% CI,0.22-0.24)或来自少数族裔背景(亚裔 OR 0.14,95% CI 0.12-0.14;黑人 OR 0.12,95% CI 0.09-0.14)的人群中更大:结论:2型糖尿病患者在接受抗抑郁治疗方面可能存在不平等现象,尤其是男性、老年人或来自少数民族背景的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Exposing telomere length's impact on malnutrition risk among older adults residing in the community: Insights from cross-sectional data analysis. 揭示端粒长度对社区老年人营养不良风险的影响:横断面数据分析的启示。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308612
Priscila Rodrigues, Guilherme Furtado, Margarida Martins, Ricardo Vieira, Ariene Orlandi, Sónia Brito-Costa, Ana Moisão, Ligiana Corona, Daniela Lima, Tábatta Brito

Background: Successful aging is associated with an increase in life expectancy. For a better understanding of the aging process, recognize the relationship between telomere length and nutritional status is a novel approach in geriatric science. Telomers shortening coincides with a decrease in life expectancy, and an increased risk of malnutrition-related diseases.

Goals: The goal of this study was to investigate whether a shorter telomere length is associated with a greater likelihood of malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 448 older people aged 60 years old or over, and living in the urban area of an inland Brazilian municipality was conducted. The information was gathered in two stages: a) a personal interview was conducted to obtain sociodemographic, cognitive, and functional autonomy data. The Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess the risk of malnutrition. b) a blood sample was taken to proceed with the relative quantitative study of telomere length using real-time qPCR method. The differences between the groups were estimated using Pearson's v2 and Fisher's exact tests. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were applied.

Results: In 34.15% of the total sample, malnutrition was recognized as a risk factor. Older people with the shortest telomere length had more chances of getting malnutrition (OR = 1.63; IC:95% = 1.04-2.55) compared to those with longer telomeres, independent of age groups, family income, multimorbidity, cognitive decline, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: The creation of clinical trials and the implementation of therapies to reduce the risk of malnutrition will be aided using the telomere length as an aging innovative biomarker, connected with nutritional status.

背景:成功的衰老与预期寿命的延长有关。为了更好地了解衰老过程,认识端粒长度与营养状况之间的关系是老年医学的一种新方法。端粒的缩短与预期寿命的减少以及营养不良相关疾病风险的增加相吻合:本研究旨在调查端粒长度缩短是否与社区老年人营养不良的可能性增加有关:方法:对居住在巴西内陆城市的 448 名 60 岁或以上的老年人进行了概率抽样横断面研究。信息收集分为两个阶段:a) 进行个人访谈,以获取社会人口学、认知和功能自主性数据。b) 采集血液样本,使用实时 qPCR 方法对端粒长度进行相对定量研究。使用皮尔逊 v2 检验和费雪精确检验估计组间差异。数据分析采用了描述性统计和多元逻辑回归:34.15%的样本认为营养不良是一个风险因素。与端粒长度较长的老年人相比,端粒长度最短的老年人患营养不良的几率更高(OR = 1.63;IC:95% = 1.04-2.55),这与年龄组、家庭收入、多病症、认知能力下降和抑郁症状无关:结论:端粒长度作为一种与营养状况相关的老龄化创新生物标志物,将有助于临床试验的开展以及降低营养不良风险疗法的实施。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-Wide, Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for rare chromosomal abnormalities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. 针对罕见染色体异常的全基因组无创产前检查:诊断测试准确性的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308008
Marton Konya, Agnes Czimbalmos, Lotti Loczi, Tamas Koi, Caner Turan, Rita Nagy, Nandor Acs, Peter Hegyi, Szabolcs Varbiro, Aniko Gal

Genome-Wide Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (GW-NIPT) can provide positive results not only for common autosomal aneuploidies but also for rare autosomal trisomies (RATs) and structural chromosomal abnormalities (StrCAs). Due to their rarity, there is currently insufficient information on positive predictive value PPV of RAT and StrCA-positive cases in the literature. In this study, the screening accuracy and pregnancy outcomes of cases positive for rare chromosomal abnormalities were examined based on publications in which GW-NIPT testing was performed. True positive cases were determined using two different methodologies. One was a confirmed methodology, where only cases validated by genetic testing were considered true positives with a definite diagnosis, and the other was an extended methodology, where, in addition to cases confirmed by genetic testing, intrauterine fetal death and termination of pregnancy due to an abnormality confirmed by ultrasound examination were also considered true positives, where no diagnosis had been made but the fetus was probably affected. Seventeen studies were analyzed, with a total GW-NIPT population of 740,076. Of these, 1,738 were RAT positive. Using the confirmed method, we found the highest rates of true positives in T16, followed by T22, and T2, using the extended method, the highest rate of true positives in T15, T16 and T22. This is the first meta-analysis to determine the frequency of rare chromosomal abnormalities, test-positive rates, and the PPV of each chromosomal abnormality with high precision. Our results could aid pre- and post-test genetic counselling and help patients and clinicians in their decision-making.

全基因组无创产前检测(GW-NIPT)不仅能为常见的常染色体非整倍体提供阳性结果,还能为罕见的常染色体三体(RAT)和染色体结构异常(StrCA)提供阳性结果。由于其罕见性,目前文献中关于 RAT 和 StrCA 阳性病例的阳性预测值 PPV 的信息不足。在本研究中,根据进行了 GW-NIPT 检测的文献,对罕见染色体异常阳性病例的筛查准确性和妊娠结局进行了研究。真正的阳性病例是通过两种不同的方法确定的。一种是确诊法,即只有经基因检测确诊的病例才被认为是确诊的真阳性病例;另一种是扩展法,即除了经基因检测确诊的病例外,胎儿宫内死亡和因超声检查确诊异常而终止妊娠的病例也被认为是真阳性病例,即尚未确诊但胎儿可能受到影响。共对 17 项研究进行了分析,GW-NIPT 群体总数为 740,076 人。其中,1738 例为 RAT 阳性。使用确认法时,我们发现 T16 的真阳性率最高,其次是 T22;使用扩展法时,T15、T16 和 T22 的真阳性率最高。这是首次通过荟萃分析高精度地确定罕见染色体异常的频率、检测阳性率以及每种染色体异常的 PPV。我们的研究结果将有助于检测前和检测后的遗传咨询,并帮助患者和临床医生做出决策。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring bay-scale ecosystem changes in bivalve aquaculture embayments using flow cytometry. 利用流式细胞仪监测双壳贝类水产养殖海湾生态系统的变化。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313271
Hannah Sharpe, Thomas Guyondet, Jeffrey Barrell, Claude Belzile, Christopher W McKindsey, Flora Salvo, Anaïs Lacoursière-Roussel

Bay-scale empirical evaluations of how bivalve aquaculture alters plankton composition, and subsequently ecological functioning and higher trophic levels, are lacking. Temporal, inter- and within-bay variation in hydrodynamic, environmental, and aquaculture pressure complicate plankton monitoring design to detect bay-scale changes and inform aquaculture ecosystem interactions. Here, we used flow cytometry to investigate spatio-temporal variations in bacteria and phytoplankton (< 20 μm) composition in four bivalve aquaculture embayments. We observed higher abundances of bacteria and phytoplankton in shallow embayments that experienced greater freshwater and nutrient inputs. Depleted nutrient conditions may have led to the dominance of picophytoplankton cells, which showed strong within-bay variation as a function of riverine vs marine influence and nutrient availability. Although environmental forcings appeared to be a strong driver of spatio-temporal trends, results showed that bivalve aquaculture may reduce near-lease phytoplankton abundance and favor bacterial growth. We discuss confounding environmental factors that must be accounted for when interpreting aquaculture effects such as grazing, benthic-pelagic coupling processes, and microbial biogeochemical cycling. Conclusions provide guidance on sampling considerations using flow cytometry in aquaculture sites based on embayment geomorphology and hydrodynamics.

对于双壳贝类水产养殖如何改变浮游生物组成,进而改变生态功能和较高营养级,目前还缺乏海湾尺度的经验评估。水动力、环境和水产养殖压力在时间、海湾间和海湾内的变化使浮游生物监测设计变得复杂,难以检测海湾尺度的变化并为水产养殖生态系统的相互作用提供信息。在这里,我们使用流式细胞仪研究了四个双壳类水产养殖海湾中细菌和浮游植物(< 20 μm)组成的时空变化。我们观察到,在淡水和营养物质输入较多的浅水区,细菌和浮游植物的丰度较高。营养物质匮乏的条件可能会导致浮游植物细胞占主导地位,而河水与海洋的影响以及营养物质的可用性又会导致海湾内浮游植物细胞的强烈变化。尽管环境影响似乎是时空趋势的主要驱动因素,但结果表明,双壳类水产养殖可能会降低近租浮游植物的丰度,有利于细菌的生长。我们讨论了在解释水产养殖效应时必须考虑的混杂环境因素,如放牧、底栖-浮游耦合过程和微生物生物地球化学循环。结论为根据河口地貌和水动力在水产养殖地点使用流式细胞仪进行取样的注意事项提供了指导。
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