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Spinal motor evoked responses elicited by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in chronic stroke: Correlation between spinal cord excitability, demographic characteristics, and functional outcomes. 慢性中风患者经皮脊髓刺激引起的脊髓运动诱发反应:脊髓兴奋性、人口统计学特征和功能结果之间的相关性。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312183
Nicole C Veit, Chen Yang, Shreya Aalla, Ameen Kishta, Kelly McKenzie, Elliot J Roth, Arun Jayaraman

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is becoming a promising neuromodulation technique to promote motor recovery in various neurological conditions, including stroke. As this intervention moves forward into clinical practice, it is important to understand how the elicited neurophysiological measures are related to the functional and neuromuscular deficits of the population of interest in order to personalize tSCS interventions and assess its effectiveness. Specifically, neurophysiological measurements of spinal cord excitability can be achieved by recording with EMG spinal motor evoked responses (sMERs) in muscles after applying single pulses of tSCS to the spinal cord. The objective of this study was to investigate potential correlations between baseline spinal cord excitability, as measured by resting motor threshold (RMT) and peak-to-peak (P2P) amplitude of the sMERs, and various factors including demographic characteristics, severity of spasticity, muscle strength, and gait speed in individuals post-stroke. Additionally, the study sought to explore disparities in excitability between the paretic and non-paretic sides. Fifteen participants with chronic stroke underwent sMER assessments. We observed a strong positive correlation between RMT and body weight, indicating weight as a potential confounding variable when comparing RMTs from sMERs between individuals. Furthermore, paretic muscles exhibited lower RMTs and higher P2P amplitudes compared to non-paretic muscles. The results demonstrate that sMERs hold promise in uncovering disparities in spinal excitability in stroke participants. Furthermore, careful interpretation and analysis of sMERs is advised, particularly as higher RMTs were associated with higher body weight and could impact the clinical feasibility of tSCS for some participants. These results should be considered in future tSCS protocols that aim to develop more personalized interventions across different neurological populations and optimize sMERs' utility as an outcome measure.

经皮脊髓刺激(tSCS)正成为一种前景广阔的神经调控技术,可促进包括中风在内的各种神经系统疾病的运动恢复。随着这种干预措施进入临床实践,了解所诱发的神经生理学测量与相关人群的功能和神经肌肉缺陷之间的关系非常重要,以便对经皮脊髓刺激进行个性化干预并评估其有效性。具体来说,脊髓兴奋性的神经生理学测量可通过对脊髓施加单脉冲 tSCS 后用肌电图记录肌肉的脊髓运动诱发反应(sMERs)来实现。本研究的目的是调查以静息运动阈值(RMT)和sMERs峰-峰(P2P)振幅测量的基线脊髓兴奋性与各种因素(包括中风后患者的人口统计学特征、痉挛严重程度、肌力和步速)之间的潜在相关性。此外,该研究还试图探索瘫痪侧和非瘫痪侧兴奋性的差异。15 名慢性中风患者接受了 sMER 评估。我们观察到 RMT 与体重之间存在很强的正相关性,这表明在比较个体间 sMER 的 RMT 时,体重是一个潜在的干扰变量。此外,与非瘫痪肌肉相比,瘫痪肌肉表现出较低的 RMT 和较高的 P2P 振幅。结果表明,sMERs 有望揭示中风患者脊髓兴奋性的差异。此外,建议对 sMERs 进行仔细的解释和分析,尤其是较高的 RMT 与较高的体重相关,可能会影响某些参与者接受 tSCS 的临床可行性。未来的 tSCS 方案应考虑这些结果,以便针对不同的神经系统人群开发更个性化的干预措施,并优化 sMERs 作为结果测量指标的效用。
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引用次数: 0
The interaction between domestic and outward foreign direct investment in China: The influence of region-specific context. 中国国内投资与对外直接投资之间的相互作用:特定地区背景的影响。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314109
David W H Wong, Simon X B Zhao, Will W Qiang, Harry F Lee

Since the Chinese government launched the Belt and Road Initiative, state-owned enterprises and private conglomerates have increased overseas investment. The massive outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) profoundly affects China's regional development to varying degrees. Existing studies have mainly investigated the effect of foreign direct investment inflow on domestic investment (DI), but only a few studies have examined the impact of OFDI on DI. Though most researchers have indicated that OFDI activities can promote (or inhibit) DI in a particular country, they have overlooked how OFDI's geographical distribution and motivation across the Chinese macro-regions have influenced DI. To fill these gaps, this paper examines the impact of such OFDI on DI in China and its macro-regions, using a province-level dataset from 2005 to 2021. It employs panel regression and rigorously tests the data using the generalised method of moments to address endogeneity issues. We also investigate the investment motivations of the top 100 Chinese multinationals with significant FDI outflows from 2015 to 2018. We find that OFDI has positively and markedly influenced DI in eastern coastal and central inland regions but not in western China. Though OFDI has positively affected DI in China, it may not hold in a regional context. Such OFDI seeks to enhance the efficiency of existing investment, expand domestic markets, and look for strategic assets. Our findings indicate that central and provincial governments could develop OFDI policies to cater to significant regional variations. Local governments should also consider the various OFDI motivations of Chinese multinationals and provide adequate support for developing and implementing local investment policies that encourage domestic firms to invest abroad.

自中国政府提出 "一带一路 "倡议以来,国有企业和民营企业集团纷纷加大海外投资。大规模的对外直接投资在不同程度上深刻影响着中国的区域发展。现有研究主要考察了外商直接投资流入对国内投资(DI)的影响,但只有少数研究考察了对外直接投资对国内投资的影响。尽管大多数研究者指出对外直接投资活动可以促进(或抑制)特定国家的直接投资,但他们忽视了对外直接投资在中国宏观区域的地理分布和动机如何影响直接投资。为了填补这些空白,本文利用 2005 年至 2021 年的省级数据集,研究了对外直接投资对中国及其宏观地区直接投资的影响。本文采用面板回归法,并使用广义矩方法对数据进行严格检验,以解决内生性问题。我们还调查了 2015 年至 2018 年对外直接投资显著流出的前 100 家中国跨国公司的投资动机。我们发现,对外直接投资对东部沿海和中部内陆地区的直接投资产生了显著的正向影响,但对中国西部地区的直接投资没有影响。虽然对外直接投资对中国的直接投资产生了积极影响,但在区域范围内可能并不成立。这种对外直接投资旨在提高现有投资的效率,扩大国内市场,寻找战略资产。我们的研究结果表明,中央和省级政府可以制定对外直接投资政策,以应对显著的地区差异。地方政府还应考虑中国跨国公司对外直接投资的各种动机,并为制定和实施鼓励国内企业对外投资的地方投资政策提供充分支持。
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引用次数: 0
Association between dietary niacin intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among American middle-aged and older individuals: A cross-section study. 美国中老年人膳食烟酸摄入量与慢性阻塞性肺病之间的关系:一项横截面研究。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312838
Yushan Shi, Shuangshuang Pu, Chunlai Zhang, Kanghong Xu, Xuxiao Guo, Wei Gao

Background: The attention towards the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and dietary intake is escalating. However, the effects of dietary niacin on COPD in middle and older individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to illuminate the connection between dietary niacin intake and COPD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 7,170 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2013 to 2018. Participants were categorized into four groups based on quartiles of dietary niacin intake. To examine the association between covariates, dietary niacin intake, and COPD, we employed univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression equations. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were utilized to assess linearity. Furthermore, we conducted stratified and interaction analyses to evaluate the stability of the relationship in diverse subgroups.

Results: Among the 7,170 participants, 11.6% (834/7170) were diagnosed with COPD. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COPD were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.77-1.19, p = 0.706), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.99, p = 0.038), and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57-1.00, p = 0.047), respectively, when comparing the second, third, and fourth quartiles of niacin intake levels to the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.017). An inverse association was observed between the occurrence of COPD and dietary niacin intake (nonlinear: p = 0.347). Stratified analyses revealed no significant differences or interactions.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest a potential link between increased dietary niacin intake and a decreased prevalence of COPD.

背景:人们越来越关注慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)与膳食摄入量之间的关系。然而,膳食烟酸对中老年人慢性阻塞性肺病的影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在阐明膳食烟酸摄入量与慢性阻塞性肺病之间的关系:这项横断面研究分析了美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)的 7170 名参与者,时间跨度为 2013 年至 2018 年。根据膳食烟酸摄入量的四分位数将参与者分为四组。为了研究协变量、膳食烟酸摄入量和慢性阻塞性肺病之间的关联,我们采用了单变量分析和多变量逻辑回归方程。此外,我们还使用了限制性三次样条来评估线性关系。此外,我们还进行了分层分析和交互分析,以评估不同亚组之间关系的稳定性:在 7170 名参与者中,11.6%(834/7170)被诊断为慢性阻塞性肺病。慢性阻塞性肺病的多变量调整赔率 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 分别为 0.96 (95% CI: 0.77-1.19, p = 0.706)、0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.99, p = 0.038) 和 0.将烟酸摄入水平的第二、第三和第四四分位数与最低四分位数相比,分别为 0.76(95% CI:0.57-1.00,p = 0.047)(趋势 p = 0.017)。慢性阻塞性肺病的发病率与膳食中烟酸的摄入量呈反向关系(非线性:p = 0.347)。分层分析显示两者之间没有显著差异或相互作用:我们的研究结果表明,膳食中烟酸摄入量的增加与慢性阻塞性肺病发病率的降低之间存在潜在联系。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical staff reported knowledge on the existence of clinical governance protocols or tools utilised in selected South African hospitals. 临床医护人员报告了对南非部分医院所使用的临床治理协议或工具的了解情况。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312340
Nomfuneko Sithole, Wezile W Chitha, Onke R Mnyaka, Akhona B A Ncinitwa, Sibusiso C Nomatshila, Xolelwa Ntlongweni, Kedibone Maake, Bongiwe E Mkabela, Ntiyiso V Khosa, Ziyanda B Ngcobo, Nombulelo Chitha, Khanyisile Masuku, Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda

Introduction: Clinical governance outlines duties and responsibilities as well as indicators of the actions towards best possible patient outcomes. However, evidence of outcomes on clinical governance interventions is limited in South Africa. This study determined knowledge of clinical staff about the existence of clinical governance protocols/tools that are utilised in selected South African hospitals.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among randomly sampled clinical staff at Nelson Mandela Academic (NMAH), St Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape Province and, Rob Ferreira (RFH) and Themba Hospitals in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and quality improvement protocols/tools in existence at the hospitals. Data were captured in Excel spreadsheet and analysed with STATA. Knowledge was generated based on the staff member's score for the 12 questions assessed.

Results: A total of 720 participants were recruited of which 377 gave consent to participate. Overall, 8.5% (32/377) of the participants got none or only one correct out of the 12 protocols/tools; and 65.5% (247/377) got between two and five correct. The median knowledge scores were 41.7% (interquartile range (IQR) = 16.7%) in three of the hospitals and 33.3% (IQR = 16.7%) at NMAH (p-value = 0.002). Factors associated with good knowledge included more than five years of experience, being a professional nurse compared to other nurses, not working at NMAH as well as being a medical doctor or pharmacist compared to other staff. Overall, 74.0% (279/377) of the respondents scored below 50%; this was 84.4% (92/109) at NMAH and 66.3% (55/83) at RFH and this difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.017).

Conclusion: Despite clinical governance implementation, there was low knowledge of clinical governance protocols/tools among clinical staff. Therefore, providing more effective, relevant training workshops with an emphasis on importance of local ownership of the concept of clinical governance, by both management and clinical staff is of great importance.

导言:临床治理概括了职责和责任,以及实现最佳患者治疗效果的行动指标。然而,在南非,有关临床治理干预成果的证据十分有限。本研究旨在了解临床医务人员对南非部分医院所使用的临床治理协议/工具的了解情况:在南非东开普省圣伊丽莎白的纳尔逊-曼德拉学术医院(NMAH)、姆普马兰加省的罗布-费雷拉医院(RFH)和特姆巴医院随机抽样的临床工作人员中开展了一项横断面研究。调查问卷采用自填方式,以收集人口信息和医院现有的质量改进方案/工具。数据采集于 Excel 电子表格中,并使用 STATA 进行分析。根据工作人员在 12 个评估问题上的得分得出知识:共招募了 720 名参与者,其中 377 人同意参与。总体而言,8.5%(32/377)的参与者在 12 个规程/工具中一个都没答对或只答对了一个;65.5%(247/377)的参与者答对了 2 到 5 个规程/工具。三家医院的知识得分中位数为 41.7%(四分位数间距 (IQR) = 16.7%),而北马里亚纳群岛医院的知识得分中位数为 33.3%(四分位数间距 (IQR) = 16.7%)(P 值 = 0.002)。与良好知识相关的因素包括五年以上的工作经验、与其他护士相比是专业护士、不在北玛丽亚医院工作以及与其他员工相比是医生或药剂师。总体而言,74.0%(279/377)的受访者得分低于 50%;其中,北玛丽亚医院为 84.4%(92/109),而瑞吉医院为 66.3%(55/83),这一差异具有统计学意义(P 值 = 0.017):结论:尽管实施了临床治理,但临床医护人员对临床治理规程/工具的了解程度较低。因此,举办更有效、更有针对性的培训讲习班,并强调管理层和临床医护人员对临床治理概念的自主权,是非常重要的。
{"title":"Clinical staff reported knowledge on the existence of clinical governance protocols or tools utilised in selected South African hospitals.","authors":"Nomfuneko Sithole, Wezile W Chitha, Onke R Mnyaka, Akhona B A Ncinitwa, Sibusiso C Nomatshila, Xolelwa Ntlongweni, Kedibone Maake, Bongiwe E Mkabela, Ntiyiso V Khosa, Ziyanda B Ngcobo, Nombulelo Chitha, Khanyisile Masuku, Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0312340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical governance outlines duties and responsibilities as well as indicators of the actions towards best possible patient outcomes. However, evidence of outcomes on clinical governance interventions is limited in South Africa. This study determined knowledge of clinical staff about the existence of clinical governance protocols/tools that are utilised in selected South African hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study conducted among randomly sampled clinical staff at Nelson Mandela Academic (NMAH), St Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape Province and, Rob Ferreira (RFH) and Themba Hospitals in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and quality improvement protocols/tools in existence at the hospitals. Data were captured in Excel spreadsheet and analysed with STATA. Knowledge was generated based on the staff member's score for the 12 questions assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 720 participants were recruited of which 377 gave consent to participate. Overall, 8.5% (32/377) of the participants got none or only one correct out of the 12 protocols/tools; and 65.5% (247/377) got between two and five correct. The median knowledge scores were 41.7% (interquartile range (IQR) = 16.7%) in three of the hospitals and 33.3% (IQR = 16.7%) at NMAH (p-value = 0.002). Factors associated with good knowledge included more than five years of experience, being a professional nurse compared to other nurses, not working at NMAH as well as being a medical doctor or pharmacist compared to other staff. Overall, 74.0% (279/377) of the respondents scored below 50%; this was 84.4% (92/109) at NMAH and 66.3% (55/83) at RFH and this difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite clinical governance implementation, there was low knowledge of clinical governance protocols/tools among clinical staff. Therefore, providing more effective, relevant training workshops with an emphasis on importance of local ownership of the concept of clinical governance, by both management and clinical staff is of great importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 11","pages":"e0312340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ABO-identical versus incompatible platelet transfusion in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. 颅内出血患者输注 ABO 相同血小板与不相容血小板的比较。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312602
Lauren K Dunn, Emily Venner, Matthew Nguyen, Jose Perdomo Trejo, Zachary Holley, Bhiken I Naik, Jenna Khan, Michael Mazzeffi

Background: Patients with spontaneous and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are frequently transfused platelets to treat thrombocytopenia, platelet function defects, and reverse antiplatelet drugs. ABO-identical platelet transfusion has been suggested to lead to higher post-transfusion platelet increments compared to major-ABO incompatible transfusion. We hypothesized that patients who received ABO-identical transfusion would have higher post-transfusion platelet increments and superior neurologic outcomes.

Methods: Adults with traumatic or non-traumatic ICH from January 1st 2018 to December 31st 2022 were identified using electronic medical records and international classification of disease (ICD)-10 codes. Patients were excluded if they lacked a platelet count within 24 hours before and within 24 hours after transfusion or if they received multiple platelet transfusions before their platelet count was remeasured. After stratification by ABO-identical, ABO-major incompatible, and ABO-minor incompatible transfusion, post transfusion increments were compared, as were clinical outcomes.

Results: Among 167 patients who received platelet transfusion, 76 (45.5%) received ABO-identical transfusion, 54 (32.3%) received ABO-major incompatible transfusion, and 37 (22.2%) received ABO-minor incompatible transfusion. There were no significant differences in absolute platelet increment between groups. The median increment was 7x109/L for ABO-identical platelets, 10x109/L for ABO-major incompatible platelets, and 11x109/L for ABO-minor incompatible platelets, p = .87. There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients discharged alive with modified Rankin score of 1 or 2 or cerebral performance category 1 or 2 between groups (p = .56 and .39 respectively). After adjusting for confounders in a general linear model there remained no associations between ABO compatibility and platelet increment after transfusion.

Conclusions: Our data support similar efficacy for ABO-identical and ABO-incompatible platelet transfusion in patients with ICH.

背景:自发性和外伤性颅内出血(ICH)患者经常需要输注血小板来治疗血小板减少症、血小板功能缺陷和逆转抗血小板药物。有研究表明,与主要 ABO 血型不相容的输血相比,ABO 相同的血小板输注会导致更高的输血后血小板增量。我们假设,接受 ABO 相同输血的患者输血后血小板增量会更高,神经系统预后会更好:使用电子病历和国际疾病分类(ICD)-10 代码识别 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间患有创伤性或非创伤性 ICH 的成人。如果患者在输血前 24 小时内和输血后 24 小时内未进行血小板计数,或在重新测量血小板计数前接受过多次血小板输注,则将其排除在外。按ABO血型相同、ABO血型主要不相容和ABO血型次要不相容进行分层后,比较了输血后的增量和临床结果:在 167 名接受血小板输注的患者中,76 人(45.5%)接受了 ABO 血型相同的输注,54 人(32.3%)接受了 ABO 大体不相容的输注,37 人(22.2%)接受了 ABO 小体不相容的输注。各组间血小板绝对增量无明显差异。ABO血型相同的血小板增量中位数为7x109/L,ABO血型大体不相容的血小板增量中位数为10x109/L,ABO血型小体不相容的血小板增量中位数为11x109/L,P = .87。改良 Rankin 评分为 1 分或 2 分或脑功能为 1 级或 2 级的患者出院时存活的比例在各组间无明显差异(p = .56 和 .39)。在一般线性模型中对混杂因素进行调整后,ABO相容性与输血后血小板增量之间仍然没有关联:我们的数据支持对 ICH 患者输注 ABO 相同和 ABO 不相容血小板具有相似的疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of survival-related factors in patients with endometrial cancer using a Bayesian network model. 利用贝叶斯网络模型分析子宫内膜癌患者的生存相关因素。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314018
Huan Zhang, Shan Zhao, Pengzhong Lv

Background: In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the use of machine learning, especially in analyzing prognosis survival data. Traditional prediction models cannot identify interrelationships between factors, and the predictive accuracy is lower. This study aimed to construct Bayesian network models using the tree augmented naïve algorithm in comparison with the Cox proportional hazards model.

Methods: A Bayesian network model and a Cox proportional hazards model were constructed to analyze the prognostic factors of endometrial cancer. In total, 618 original cases obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were used to construct the Bayesian network model, which was compared with the traditional Cox proportional hazards model by analyzing prognostic factors. External validation was performed using a dataset from The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University.

Results: The predictive accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and concordance index for the Bayesian network model were 74.68%, 0.787, and 0.72, respectively, compared to 68.83%, 0.723, and 0.71, respectively, for the Cox proportional hazards model. Tumor size was the most important factor for predicting survival, followed by lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, chemotherapy, lymph node resection, tumor stage, depth of invasion, tumor grade, histological type, age, primary tumor site, radiotherapy and surgical sequence, and radiotherapy.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Bayesian network model is preferable to the Cox proportional hazards model for predicting survival in patients with endometrial cancer.

背景:近年来,机器学习的应用取得了显著进展,尤其是在分析预后生存数据方面。传统的预测模型无法识别因素之间的相互关系,预测准确率较低。本研究旨在利用树增强天真算法构建贝叶斯网络模型,并与 Cox 比例危险模型进行比较:方法:构建贝叶斯网络模型和 Cox 比例危险度模型来分析子宫内膜癌的预后因素。贝叶斯网络模型与传统的Cox比例危险模型通过分析预后因素进行了比较。利用山东第一医科大学第一附属医院的数据集进行了外部验证:贝叶斯网络模型的预测准确率、接收者操作特征曲线下面积和一致性指数分别为 74.68%、0.787 和 0.72,而 Cox 比例危险度模型的预测准确率、接收者操作特征曲线下面积和一致性指数分别为 68.83%、0.723 和 0.71。肿瘤大小是预测生存率的最重要因素,其次是淋巴结转移、远处转移、化疗、淋巴结切除、肿瘤分期、浸润深度、肿瘤分级、组织学类型、年龄、原发肿瘤部位、放疗和手术顺序以及放疗:研究结果表明,在预测子宫内膜癌患者的生存率方面,贝叶斯网络模型优于 Cox 比例危险度模型。
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引用次数: 0
The state of iodine deficiency in Kyrgyzstan: Insights from studies of knowledge, attitudes and practices. 吉尔吉斯斯坦的缺碘状况:从知识、态度和实践研究中获得的启示。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313869
Yulia Chyngyshpaeva, Zhokhongir Dzhaliev, Zhyparkul Derbishalieva, Muiz Ibrahim, Don Eliseo Iii Lucero-Prisno, Kenesh Dzhusupov

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding iodine deficiency among the population of Kyrgyzstan, with a focus on pregnant women, and to correlate these factors with the urinary iodine concentration (UIC).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires and urine sample analysis to evaluate iodine status. A multistage stratified sampling method ensured a representative sample from both urban and rural areas. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and KAP variables, whereas chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictors of KAP outcomes.

Results: The study included 690 participants, with balanced representation from both urban and rural areas. The mean knowledge score was moderate, with significant gaps in the understanding of iodine deficiency. The participants generally had positive attitudes toward iodine intake but exhibited suboptimal practices, especially in rural areas. Pregnant women demonstrated greater knowledge, but fewer practical behaviors related to iodine intake. Compared with rural participants, urban participants had higher UIC levels, indicating better iodine nutrition. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that residence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices significantly influenced UIC levels.

Conclusion: Despite existing iodization programs, significant gaps remain in the knowledge and practices related to iodine intake, particularly in rural areas. This study highlights the need for targeted public health interventions to improve iodine nutrition and reduce the burden of iodine deficiency disorders in Kyrgyzstan. Enhancing public health education, improving the accessibility and affordability of iodized salt, and regularly monitoring the iodine status are essential strategies for addressing these issues.

研究目的本研究旨在评估吉尔吉斯斯坦居民(重点是孕妇)对碘缺乏症的认识、态度和做法(KAPs),并将这些因素与尿碘浓度(UIC)联系起来:方法:采用结构化问卷和尿样分析法进行了一项横断面研究,以评估碘状况。多阶段分层抽样法确保了样本在城市和农村地区都具有代表性。描述性统计用于总结人口统计学特征和 KAP 变量,而卡方检验和多元逻辑回归分析则用于确定 KAP 结果的预测因素:研究包括 690 名参与者,来自城市和农村地区的参与者比例均衡。平均知识得分中等,对碘缺乏病的认识存在很大差距。参与者普遍对碘摄入持积极态度,但表现出不理想的做法,尤其是在农村地区。孕妇对碘摄入量的了解较多,但实际行为较少。与农村参与者相比,城市参与者的 UIC 水平更高,表明碘营养状况更好。多变量回归分析表明,居住地、知识、态度和行为对碘摄入量有显著影响:结论:尽管已有加碘计划,但在与碘摄入相关的知识和实践方面仍存在很大差距,尤其是在农村地区。这项研究强调,有必要采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施,以改善吉尔吉斯斯坦的碘营养状况,减轻碘缺乏病的负担。加强公共卫生教育、提高碘盐的可获得性和可负担性以及定期监测碘状况是解决这些问题的基本策略。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing dual oral agents plus insulin vs. Triple oral agents in uncontrolled type II diabetes: A pilot study. 比较双重口服药物加胰岛素与三重口服药物治疗不受控制的 II 型糖尿病:试点研究。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311435
Nadia Gul, Inayat Ur Rehman, Yasar Shah, Arbab Muhammad Ali, Zahid Ali, Omer Shehzad, Khang Wen Goh, Long Chiau Ming, Amal K Suleiman

Introduction: Type II Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients often do not achieve glycemic control with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). There are two main approaches to address this challenge: transitioning to a triple OHA regimen, or adding Insulin to the existing dual OHA regimen.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of adding Insulin to dual OHAs (Sitagliptin + Metformin) against adding a third OHA to Sitagliptin + Metformin in achieving glycemic control among patients with uncontrolled T2DM.

Method: A pre-post study was conducted between 21 September 2023 and 21 December 2023 at Services Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients with uncontrolled T2DM with >7% HbA1c were divided into group 1 (Sitagliptin + Metformin plus a third OHA), and group 2 (Sitagliptin + Metformin plus pre-mixed Insulin 70/30). Glycemic control based on HbA1c values, fasting and random blood sugar levels, lipid profile, and body weight were evaluated after 3 months of therapy. The pre- and post- effect was compared by using a paired t-test.

Results: The study included n = 80 patients with T2DM. Between groups 1 and 2, no significant difference was found in HbA1c values (9.1 vs. 9, with p = 0.724). However, BMI, cholesterol, and LDL significantly decreased in group 1 compared to group 2 (p<0.001 vs. p = 0.131, p = 0.023 vs. p = 0.896, and p = 0.003 vs. p = 0.395, respectively). Additionally, the incidence of hypoglycemic episodes was significantly lower in group 1 (7.5%) than in group 2 (47.5%, p = 0.004). No significant difference was observed between the triple OHA and dual OHA plus Insulin regimens in achieving glycemic control.

Conclusion: The triple OHA regimen improved BMI, cholesterol, and LDL levels, and reduced hypoglycemic episodes more effectively than dual OHA plus Insulin, despite similar HbA1c outcomes, suggesting it may be preferable for uncontrolled T2DM.

简介:II 型糖尿病(T2DM)患者使用口服降糖药(OHAs)往往无法控制血糖。目的:本研究旨在比较在双OHA(西格列汀+二甲双胍)基础上添加胰岛素与在西格列汀+二甲双胍基础上添加第三种OHA对未得到控制的T2DM患者实现血糖控制的疗效:巴基斯坦白沙瓦服务医院于 2023 年 9 月 21 日至 2023 年 12 月 21 日期间开展了一项前后对比研究。HbA1c >7% 的未控制 T2DM 患者被分为第 1 组(西他列汀+二甲双胍+第三个 OHA)和第 2 组(西他列汀+二甲双胍+预混胰岛素 70/30)。治疗 3 个月后,根据 HbA1c 值、空腹和随机血糖水平、血脂状况和体重评估血糖控制情况。采用配对 t 检验比较治疗前后的效果:结果:该研究纳入了 n = 80 名 T2DM 患者。第 1 组和第 2 组的 HbA1c 值无明显差异(9.1 对 9,P=0.724)。然而,与第二组相比,第一组的体重指数、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白明显下降(p 结论:尽管 HbA1c 结果相似,但三联 OHA 方案比双联 OHA 加胰岛素方案更有效地改善了 BMI、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平,并减少了低血糖发作,这表明三联 OHA 方案可能更适合未得到控制的 T2DM。
{"title":"Comparing dual oral agents plus insulin vs. Triple oral agents in uncontrolled type II diabetes: A pilot study.","authors":"Nadia Gul, Inayat Ur Rehman, Yasar Shah, Arbab Muhammad Ali, Zahid Ali, Omer Shehzad, Khang Wen Goh, Long Chiau Ming, Amal K Suleiman","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0311435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type II Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients often do not achieve glycemic control with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). There are two main approaches to address this challenge: transitioning to a triple OHA regimen, or adding Insulin to the existing dual OHA regimen.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of adding Insulin to dual OHAs (Sitagliptin + Metformin) against adding a third OHA to Sitagliptin + Metformin in achieving glycemic control among patients with uncontrolled T2DM.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A pre-post study was conducted between 21 September 2023 and 21 December 2023 at Services Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients with uncontrolled T2DM with >7% HbA1c were divided into group 1 (Sitagliptin + Metformin plus a third OHA), and group 2 (Sitagliptin + Metformin plus pre-mixed Insulin 70/30). Glycemic control based on HbA1c values, fasting and random blood sugar levels, lipid profile, and body weight were evaluated after 3 months of therapy. The pre- and post- effect was compared by using a paired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included n = 80 patients with T2DM. Between groups 1 and 2, no significant difference was found in HbA1c values (9.1 vs. 9, with p = 0.724). However, BMI, cholesterol, and LDL significantly decreased in group 1 compared to group 2 (p<0.001 vs. p = 0.131, p = 0.023 vs. p = 0.896, and p = 0.003 vs. p = 0.395, respectively). Additionally, the incidence of hypoglycemic episodes was significantly lower in group 1 (7.5%) than in group 2 (47.5%, p = 0.004). No significant difference was observed between the triple OHA and dual OHA plus Insulin regimens in achieving glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The triple OHA regimen improved BMI, cholesterol, and LDL levels, and reduced hypoglycemic episodes more effectively than dual OHA plus Insulin, despite similar HbA1c outcomes, suggesting it may be preferable for uncontrolled T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 11","pages":"e0311435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliability and minimal detectable change of the MX3 hydration testing system. MX3 水合测试系统的可靠性和最小检测变化。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313320
Ian Winter, Josie Burdin, Patrick B Wilson

Assessing hydration status outside of laboratories can be challenging given that most hydration measures are invasive, stationary, costly, or have questionable validity. This study investigated the within-day, test-retest reliability, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the MX3 Hydration Testing System (MX3 Diagnostics), a relatively low cost, noninvasive, and portable method to measure saliva osmolality. Seventy-five adults (44 men, 31 women; 29.6±10.8 yr, 171.1±9.2 cm, 79.1±15.4 kg) presented two saliva samples approximately 3 to 5 minutes apart. Fluid intake was avoided for at least 5 minutes prior to sample collections. For each sample collection, a researcher used the MX3 to tap the tip of a test strip to saliva on a participant's tongue. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and MDC were calculated as measures of reliability. Means for the two measurements were 64.3±19.0 mOsm and 65.5±17.9 mOsm (mean difference of -1.2±13.0 mOsm; t = -0.806, p = 0.423). Further analysis with a two-one-sided test procedure revealed equivalence between the two SOSM measurements (p < 0.001 for upper and lower bounds). Within-day repeat measures yielded an ICC of 0.75 and an MDC at the 90% confidence level of 21.3 mOsm. With moderate-to-good reliability, the MX3 appears to be a practical choice for reliably measuring moderate-sized changes (>20 mOsm) in saliva osmolality outside of laboratory constraints.

由于大多数水合测量方法都是侵入性的、固定的、昂贵的或有效性有问题的,因此在实验室外评估水合状态是一项挑战。本研究调查了 MX3 水合测试系统(MX3 诊断公司)的日内可靠性、重复测试可靠性和最小可检测变化 (MDC),这是一种成本相对较低、非侵入性和便携式的唾液渗透压测量方法。75 名成年人(44 名男性,31 名女性;29.6±10.8 岁,171.1±9.2 厘米,79.1±15.4 千克)提交了两份唾液样本,时间间隔约为 3 至 5 分钟。采集样本前至少 5 分钟避免摄入液体。每次采集样本时,研究人员都会用 MX3 将试纸尖端轻触受试者舌头上的唾液。通过计算类内相关系数 (ICC) 和 MDC 来衡量测量结果的可靠性。两次测量的平均值分别为 64.3±19.0 mOsm 和 65.5±17.9 mOsm(平均差为 -1.2±13.0 mOsm;t = -0.806,p = 0.423)。使用双侧测试程序进行的进一步分析表明,两种 SOSM 测量值之间具有等效性(上下限均为 p <0.001)。日内重复测量的 ICC 为 0.75,90% 置信度下的 MDC 为 21.3 mOsm。MX3 具有中等到良好的可靠性,似乎是在实验室限制条件之外可靠测量唾液渗透压中等大小变化(>20 mOsm)的实用选择。
{"title":"Reliability and minimal detectable change of the MX3 hydration testing system.","authors":"Ian Winter, Josie Burdin, Patrick B Wilson","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0313320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing hydration status outside of laboratories can be challenging given that most hydration measures are invasive, stationary, costly, or have questionable validity. This study investigated the within-day, test-retest reliability, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the MX3 Hydration Testing System (MX3 Diagnostics), a relatively low cost, noninvasive, and portable method to measure saliva osmolality. Seventy-five adults (44 men, 31 women; 29.6±10.8 yr, 171.1±9.2 cm, 79.1±15.4 kg) presented two saliva samples approximately 3 to 5 minutes apart. Fluid intake was avoided for at least 5 minutes prior to sample collections. For each sample collection, a researcher used the MX3 to tap the tip of a test strip to saliva on a participant's tongue. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and MDC were calculated as measures of reliability. Means for the two measurements were 64.3±19.0 mOsm and 65.5±17.9 mOsm (mean difference of -1.2±13.0 mOsm; t = -0.806, p = 0.423). Further analysis with a two-one-sided test procedure revealed equivalence between the two SOSM measurements (p < 0.001 for upper and lower bounds). Within-day repeat measures yielded an ICC of 0.75 and an MDC at the 90% confidence level of 21.3 mOsm. With moderate-to-good reliability, the MX3 appears to be a practical choice for reliably measuring moderate-sized changes (>20 mOsm) in saliva osmolality outside of laboratory constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"19 11","pages":"e0313320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in primary care: Perspectives of general practitioners in London UK. 人工智能(AI)在初级保健中的应用挑战:英国伦敦全科医生的观点。
IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314196
Mohammad S Razai, Roaa Al-Bedaery, Liza Bowen, Reem Yahia, Lakshmi Chandrasekaran, Pippa Oakeshott

Introduction: Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in primary care settings, raises crucial questions about practical challenges and opportunities. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) on the impact of AI in primary care.

Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed, involving a hybrid workshop with 12 GPs and 4 GP registrars. Verbal consent was obtained, and the workshop was audio recorded. Thematic analysis was conducted on the recorded data and contemporaneous notes to identify key themes.

Results: The workshop took place in 2023 and included 16 GPs aged 30 to 72 of diverse backgrounds and expertise. Most (93%) were female, and five (31%) self-identified as ethnic minorities. Thematic analysis identified two key themes related to AI in primary care: the potential benefits (such as help with diagnosis and risk assessment) and the associated concerns and challenges. Sub-themes included anxieties about diagnostic accuracy, AI errors, industry influence, and overcoming integration resistance. GPs also worried about increased workload, particularly extra, unnecessary patient tests, the lack of evidence base for AI programmes or accountability of AI systems and appropriateness of AI algorithms for different population groups. Participants emphasised the importance of transparency, trust-building, and research rigour to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AI systems in healthcare.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that GPs recognise the potential of AI in primary care but raise important concerns regarding evidence base, accountability, bias and workload. The participants emphasised the need for rigorous evaluation of AI technologies. Further research and collaboration between healthcare professionals, policymakers, and technology organisations are essential to navigating these challenges and harnessing the full potential of AI.

简介:在医疗保健领域,尤其是在基层医疗机构中应用人工智能(AI),提出了有关实际挑战和机遇的关键问题:人工智能(AI)在医疗保健领域的应用,尤其是在初级医疗机构中的应用,提出了有关实际挑战和机遇的关键问题。本研究旨在探讨全科医生(GPs)对人工智能在初级医疗中的影响的看法:方法:采用便利抽样法,与 12 名全科医生和 4 名全科医生注册医师举办了一个混合研讨会。研讨会获得了口头同意,并进行了录音。对记录的数据和当时的笔记进行了主题分析,以确定关键主题:研讨会于 2023 年举行,共有 16 名年龄在 30 岁至 72 岁之间、具有不同背景和专长的全科医生参加。大部分(93%)为女性,5 名(31%)自我认同为少数民族。主题分析确定了与初级医疗中的人工智能相关的两个关键主题:潜在的益处(如帮助诊断和风险评估)以及相关的担忧和挑战。次主题包括对诊断准确性、人工智能错误、行业影响和克服整合阻力的担忧。全科医生还担心工作量增加,特别是额外的、不必要的病人测试,人工智能计划缺乏证据基础或人工智能系统缺乏问责制,以及人工智能算法是否适合不同人群。与会者强调了透明度、建立信任和严谨研究的重要性,以评估人工智能系统在医疗保健中的有效性和安全性:研究结果表明,全科医生认识到了人工智能在初级医疗保健中的潜力,但也提出了有关证据基础、问责制、偏见和工作量等方面的重要问题。与会者强调需要对人工智能技术进行严格评估。医疗保健专业人员、政策制定者和技术组织之间的进一步研究与合作对于应对这些挑战和充分利用人工智能的潜力至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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