PLoS ONE最新文献

In high-frequency interaction network environments, network traffic features and user behavior sequences often exhibit pronounced temporal asynchrony and information redundancy, which can substantially weaken the capability of anomaly detection models to identify dynamic attack patterns. Based on this observation, this study proposes and empirically validates a core hypothesis: explicitly modeling the temporal asynchrony among multi-source sequences and performing collaborative modeling on a unified temporal scale can effectively enhance the accuracy and stability of cybersecurity anomaly detection under high-frequency interaction scenarios. To verify this hypothesis, a Cross-Sequence Aligned Transformer-driven Dynamic Recognition Model (CSAT-DRM) is developed, which falls within the category of deep learning-based multimodal time-series anomaly detection frameworks. The proposed model employs a cross-sequence alignment mechanism to softly align network traffic sequences and user behavior sequences, capturing their latent correlations without compressing inherent temporal discrepancies. Meanwhile, an interaction-sensitive residual structure is introduced into the Transformer encoding process to enhance the discriminability of anomalous features under high-frequency interactions, and a dynamic threshold generation strategy is integrated to enable adaptive anomaly discrimination. Experiments are conducted on real-world network interaction log data and evaluated through multiple baseline models and five independent repeated runs. The results show that CSAT-DRM achieves an accuracy of 0.968 ± 0.004, a precision of 0.957 ± 0.005, a recall of 0.953 ± 0.006, and an F1-score of 0.955 ± 0.005 on the test set, significantly outperforming baseline approaches including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), the standard Transformer, and the hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) model. Further analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can effectively detect both burst anomalies and persistent anomalies, while maintaining high stability across different anomaly types. These findings validate the effectiveness of cross-sequence alignment and adaptive discrimination mechanisms in high-frequency interaction network anomaly detection, providing a feasible and generalizable technical pathway for real-time threat identification in complex network environments.

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is known to occur as a common condition in short-skulled (brachycephalic) dogs, but has been intensively studied only in three breeds: the Bulldog, French Bulldog and Pug. This study investigates the frequency and severity of BOAS in a further 14 breeds in the UK pet population: Affenpinscher, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chihuahua, Dogue de Bordeaux, Griffon Bruxellois, Japanese Chin, King Charles Spaniel, Maltese, Pekingese, Pomeranian, Shih Tzu and Staffordshire Bull Terrier. The respiratory functional grading (RFG) assessment was adapted for use in these breeds, noting respiratory characteristics for 898 dogs in this study. Conformational parameters were measured to analyse the association with BOAS risk. Statistical analysis was performed both comparatively across the 14 breeds and within each breed. Almost every breed in this study had some detectable level of breathing abnormality. Only the Maltese and Pomeranian had no dogs with clinically significant disease. The Pekingese and Japanese Chin, had the highest rates of BOAS with only 10.9% and 17.4% being Grade 0 respectively. Across the whole study population, three factors were significantly correlated with BOAS: higher body condition score, nostril stenosis, and lower craniofacial ratio (more extreme facial hypoplasia). These parameters accounted for 20% of the variation in BOAS status when modelled in multiple logistic regression. It was noted that some extremely flat-faced breeds, for example the King Charles Spaniel, had lower rates of BOAS than expected based on their conformation. Overall, the frequency of BOAS varies considerably by breed. Broadly speaking, more extreme brachycephaly, nostril stenosis and high body condition score are associated with increased BOAS risk. However, with variation of phenotype between the breeds, the findings of this study advocate for a breed-specific approach when tackling the reduction of the disease on a population level.

Background: Food insecurity (FI) is a recognised determinant of mental health, yet its specific impact on depression, anxiety, and stress among migrants and refugees in high-income countries (HICs) remains underexplored. This systematic review and meta-analyses examine the association between FI and mental health outcomes in these vulnerable populations.

Method: A systematic search of five databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase) was conducted for observational studies published between January 1, 2008, and December 16, 2025. Inclusion required studies to report on food insecurity and mental health using standard, validated measures. Three independent reviewers screened the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Most included studies were cross-sectional. The association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) was estimated using random-effects models due to substantial heterogeneity (I² > 50%). Funnel plots and Begg's test were employed to assess potential publication bias.

Result: We identified 17 eligible studies, totalling more than 4.3 million participants. Overall, FI was significantly associated with higher odds of depression (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.32-1.57), anxiety (aOR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.82-3.23), and stress (aOR = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.95-11.94) among migrants and refugees in HICs. Other significant factors were women (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.32-1.57), Unmarried individuals (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.49-1.83), and those with poor self-rated health (aOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.97-4.36). Moreover, higher household income was significantly associated with lower odds of depression compared to their counterparts (aOR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84-0.98; P = 0.007).

Conclusion: Food insecurity was consistently associated with higher odds of depression, anxiety, and stress among migrants and refugees in high-income countries. These findings support the implementation of enhanced screening and integrated social and mental health responses that address food access and psychological well-being.

Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42024525690.

Aim: To synthesize evidence from systematic reviews of interventions that employ music to improve women's health outcomes in the preconception, antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods.

Methods: Systematic reviews published between 2010 and 2025 that addressed music interventions for women in the preconception, antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods were sourced from MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in March 2025. 754 systematic reviews were imported into Covidence software. Title-abstract screening, and full text review were conducted in duplicate by a team of 5 screeners. Data were extracted to summarize key characteristics and meta-analysis results. The methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Risk of bias and GRADE quality assessments were extracted; when not reported, MM and BK assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence.

Results: Aggregated findings from 20 reviews suggest that music interventions in the preconception, antepartum, and intrapartum periods have potential to alleviate anxiety (SMD ranging from -7.0 to -0.21), depression (SMD -3.67 to -0.51), and pain (SMD -2.70 to -0.92). Effects from implementation in the postpartum period appear more limited, albeit with a notable exception of demonstrated benefit in reducing depressive symptoms (SMD:-0.75; 95%CI:-1.47,-0.03). Interpretation of these findings warrant caution due to important methodological limitations related to widespread bias, heterogeneity, and imprecision in effect estimation.

Conclusions: Music interventions are a promising approach for women across the perinatal continuum of care. However, significant concerns with the methodological rigor of existing studies need to be addressed before implementation in clinical settings. Further research is critical to identifying design characteristics and implementation modalities of music interventions that most effectively improve women's health outcomes. Strengthening the evidence on music interventions is vital to informing the effective integration of complementary and alternative medicine approaches into person-centered care strategies for women's health.

Residency programs play a crucial role in the development and technical training of young health professionals. However, mental health issues such as psychological distress, anxiety, and depression are prevalent, often influenced by work satisfaction and the learning environment. Despite their relevance, studies investigating the prevalence and associated factors of these conditions across medical, multidisciplinary, and veterinary residency programs remain scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression, and to examine their association with social skills among residents in Brazilian health science programs. We conducted a voluntary online survey with residents from three major residency programs (medical, multidisciplinary, and veterinary) across different Brazilian institutions. The cross-sectional study sample consisted of a total of 51 participants. Mental health outcomes were assessed using validated instruments: the Resident Questionnaire (RQ) for emotional distress, General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for anxiety, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. The Multidimensional Scale of Social Expression (MSSE-M) measured social skills. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression models addressed each mental health outcome separately, with social skill scores as primary explanatory variables. The results revealed a high prevalence of emotional distress (86.3%), anxiety (58.8%), and depression (56.9%) among residents. Greater satisfaction with the learning environment was significantly associated with lower mental health symptom levels. Residents demonstrated a generally satisfactory overall repertoire of social skills (60.78%), with the "Start and keeping conversations" and "Express positive affect" subscales scoring highest across all programs. For emotional distress, the "ability to defend rights" subscale was significantly associated with its reduction (-0.58), while a broader overall social skill repertoire was significantly associated with reductions in anxiety (-3.14) and depression (-3.92). These findings highlight the significant burden of mental health challenges among residents and emphasize the role of a supportive environment. Social skills training may help mitigate psychological distress and support resident well-being.

Objectives: Progressive arthropathy was anecdotally described in patients exposed to crizotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI) used to treat anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or ROS Proto-Oncogene 1 (ROS1) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to evaluate the incidence of this adverse effect.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated imaging studies of all patients in our institution receiving TKI for ALK-rearranged or ROS1-positive NSCLC (crizotinib, alectinib, lorlatinib, brigatinib).

Results: Between February 2012 and August 2023, out of a total number of 71 subjects (51% male, 36-88 years old) who received TKI's for ALK-rearranged/ ROS1 positive NSCLC, 34/71 (47%) were exposed at least once to crizotinib treatment, while the other 37/71 (53%) patients received other TKI's. Significantly higher incidence (p = 0.02) of irreversible, progressive arthropathy in one or more joints was detected in 18% (6/34, 95% CI: 0.1-0.26) of crizotinib-treated patients, up to 6 years after treatment initiation. Imaging findings included synovial proliferation and progressive arthropathy in hip and shoulder joints, and vertebral endplate destruction.

Conclusion: We found progressive arthropathy, mostly painless, in one or more joints or intervertebral spaces of patients receiving crizotinib for NSCLC.

Background: There is a pressing need to reduce the long duration of untreated illness and improve care and outcomes for people with psychosis in Ethiopia. This study aimed to map community resources that have the potential to be leveraged to achieve earlier and more recovery-oriented interventions for people with psychosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method: A strength-based resource mapping exercise was undertaken in two sub-cities, covering an estimated population of half a million people. We identified the types of resources to be mapped, based on their importance for multi-sectoral care in mental health: healthcare facilities, religious organisations, traditional and faith healers, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and social/community organisations. The lead investigator traversed the study sites to gather information on community resources, recorded the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of the resources, and consulted with key informants. The information obtained was complemented by a participatory Theory of Change workshop attended by 30 stakeholders.

Results: We identified 124 health facilities, of which only 16 health centres and nine hospitals currently provide mental health services. We identified three registered traditional healers, 38 religious organisations, 104 non-governmental organisations, and other charitable/community-based organisations. In addition, three health facilities, six holy water religious healing sites, and four traditional healers were identified as out-of-site resources that were popular and frequently visited by people living in the sub-cities. The two sub-cities also had six feeding centres each providing meals for 1000 people in need. There were extensive networks of social organisations and community-based associations. Existing care pathways are complex but commonly include traditional and religious healing sites as places of first contact.

Conclusions: We identified important available resources that provide a wealth of opportunities for improving the early identification and outcomes of people with psychosis.

Introduction: Infertility is often viewed as a couple-centric issue; however, male infertility significantly contributes to reproductive challenges. While infertility screening is increasingly discussed in partnered contexts, limited evidence exists specifically regarding infertility screening for unmarried men. This protocol outlines a scoping review that aims to explore the scope and nature of evidence related to infertility screening in unmarried men.

Methods: This scoping review will adhere to a comprehensive 14-step methodological framework, incorporating the established Arksey and O'Malley methodology, enhanced by Tricco and Peters. It will follow the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A combination of thesaurus and free-text search methods will be employed, connecting keywords within each concept. Databases including Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, and search engines like Google Scholar, will be searched. To ensure rigor, the selection process will be conducted using the established PCCT framework (population, concept, context, and study type). This review will consider quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies, as well as grey literature from any geographical location and setting, focusing on infertility screening concepts for unmarried men. The extracted data will be synthesized and presented through diagrams and tables, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Discussion: This scoping review will summarize the evidence on infertility screening in unmarried men, highlighting diverse types of screening, potential benefits and harms, and knowledge gaps. It aims to guide future research and improve the understanding of the reproductive health needs of unmarried men worldwide.

Background: Sexual dimorphism in animal behavior is common and may originate from differences in brain structure or function. In Drosophila, substantial male and female specific differences in gross brain anatomy, neuronal wiring, and behavior have been observed. However, it is not known whether global differences in the brain anatomy are strictly due to differences in neuronal patterning or if differences in cell number may also play a role.

Principal findings: During optimization of the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) to analyze gene regulation in adult brain cells we observed a need for more brain tissue in males compared to females. This suggested that male brains might have fewer cells. To test this hypothesis, we isolated total nuclei from adult brains and counted them using a flow cytometer. We found that female fly brains have approximately 30% more cells than male brains. These differences in cell number also correlated with differences in the physical size of the brain.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that male and female brains are not only differently wired but also have global differences in cell number that should be considered when analyzing differences in their behavior.

There is a need to understand the degree to which sharks move between islands in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Exposure to fishing activities becomes significant when no-take zones do not cover the critical areas that sharks use. We analyzed an ultrasonic telemetry dataset to assess how Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis) and silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) move between the islands that comprise the Revillagigedo Archipelago (RA) and how they migrate to other islands in the ETP. In total, 92 sharks of both species were tracked from January 2010 to December 2018 in the region. Particularly, 39 sharks were detected in the Revillagigedo Archipelago (RA). Of these, 27 were resident at one island (behavior type I), 10 moved between two or more islands within a MPA (type II), and 3 sharks moved between MPAs (behavior type III): a silky shark tagged at Roca Partida (RA) that moved to Clipperton Atoll (CA), another silky shark moved from Wolf, Galapagos Archipelago (GA) to CA and back again and a Galapagos shark tagged at Socorro Island (RA), detected at CA, and finally recorded in Darwin Island (GA). This excursion was one of the longest movements ever recorded for the species (3,160 km). The long-distance dispersal observed in these two species underscores the necessity for international collaboration. Such cooperation is essential to implement effective shark protection measures, including swimways or MigraVías, and other conservation tools in the ETP region.