Physiology & Behavior最新文献_第10页

The interactive effects of negative life events, cortisol reactivity, and gender on psychological distress among emerging adults 负面生活事件、皮质醇反应和性别对新生成人心理困扰的交互影响

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115146

Li Shen Chong , Teresa Mejia , Kate L. Senich , Christy L. Olezeski , Elana B. Gordis

Negative life events are associated with the development of psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress symptoms. Evidence suggests that individual differences in stress response system activity may alter susceptibility to psychological distress for those with exposure to negative life events. In particular, women experience greater levels of psychological distress than men. Given that emerging adulthood is characterized by stressful, significant life transitions that may constitute risks for psychological distress, this study examined whether hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and gender influenced the link between negative life events and psychological distress among emerging adults. Participants (N = 176; mean age = 19.03, 55 % women) self-reported negative life events during emerging adulthood and current depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress symptoms. HPA-axis activity was indexed by cortisol reactivity in response to a psychosocial stress task measured using the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and increase (AUCi). Regression analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction between negative life events, cortisol reactivity, and gender in predicting traumatic stress symptoms. Specifically, the association between negative life events and traumatic stress symptoms was stronger among women with lower levels of AUCg cortisol reactivity. Moreover, significant two-way interactions emerged between AUCi cortisol reactivity and gender in predicting depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress symptoms. Lower levels of cortisol reactivity were more strongly associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress symptoms only among women, but not among men. These findings highlight the importance of utilizing a biopsychosocial approach in understanding the development of psychological distress.

消极的生活事件与心理困扰的发展有关，包括抑郁、焦虑和创伤性应激症状。有证据表明，压力反应系统活动的个体差异可能会改变那些暴露于负面生活事件的人对心理困扰的易感性。特别是，女性比男性经历更大程度的心理困扰。鉴于初成年期的特点是压力大，重大的生活转变可能构成心理困扰的风险，本研究调查了下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的活动和性别是否影响了初成年期负面生活事件和心理困扰之间的联系。参与者（N = 176；平均年龄= 19.03,55%为女性）自我报告在成年初期的负面生活事件和当前的抑郁、焦虑和创伤性应激症状。hpa轴的活性是通过皮质醇对社会心理应激任务的反应性来衡量的，使用相对于地面（AUCg）和增加（AUCi）的曲线下面积来测量。回归分析显示负面生活事件、皮质醇反应性和性别在预测创伤应激症状方面有显著的三向交互作用。具体来说，在AUCg皮质醇反应性水平较低的女性中，负面生活事件与创伤应激症状之间的关联更强。此外，AUCi皮质醇反应性和性别在预测抑郁、焦虑和创伤应激症状方面出现了显著的双向相互作用。较低水平的皮质醇反应与较高水平的抑郁、焦虑和创伤性应激症状的相关性更强，这只在女性中存在，而在男性中则没有。这些发现强调了利用生物心理社会学方法来理解心理困扰发展的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Memory deficits induced by a high-fat diet are reduced by HIIT and time-restricted feeding 高脂肪饮食引起的记忆缺陷可以通过HIIT和限时喂养来减少

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115145

Farzaneh Zeynali , Maryam Delfan , Ismail Laher , Hassane Zouhal

Aim

Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) impairs memory function, and time-restricted feeding (TRF) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are potential interventions to prevent cognitive decline. However, the combined effects of TRF and HIIT on HFD-induced deficits in working and spatial memory remain unexplored.

Materials and methods

Thirty C57BL/6 male mice were divided into two groups: (1) normal chow (NC) (n= 6), (2) high-fat diet (HFD) (n= 24). The HFD groups were fed a 60 % HFD for 12 weeks, and then divided into four group: (1) control HFD (HFD), (2) HFD with HIIT training (HFD+HIIT), (3) HFD with TRF (HFD+TRF), (4) HFD with HIIT training and TRF (HFD+HIIT+TRF). The intervention groups underwent 8 weeks of HIIT (5 days per week), TRF (8/16 h) or a combination of HIIT and TRF. Behavioral tests of working and spatial memory were then conducted.

Results

Analysis by ANOVA revealed significant main effects of HIIT and TRF on working (HIIT: (F (1, 20) = 17.10, p= 0.0005, η² = 0.46; TRF: (F (1, 20) = 18.06, p= 0.0004, η² = 0.47) and spatial memory (HIIT: (F (1, 20) = 4.769, p= 0.04, η² = 0.19), TRF:(F (1, 20) = 11.80, p= 0.002, η² = 0.37)), while the interaction was not significant (working memory: F (1, 20) = 0.4722, p= 0.49, η² = 0.023; spatial memory: (F (1, 20) = 0.7888, p= 0.38, η² = 0.037)). Multiple comparisons indicated that the combined HIIT+TRF group outperformed both single-intervention groups, suggesting additive effects (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

HIIT and TRF independently improved HFD-induced memory deficits in male mice, with additive benefits in the combined group, highlighting the need for larger mechanistic studies to confirm these effects.

高脂肪饮食（HFD）会损害记忆功能，限时进食（TRF）和高强度间歇训练（HIIT）是预防认知能力下降的潜在干预措施。然而，TRF和HIIT对hfd诱导的工作和空间记忆缺陷的联合作用仍未被探索。材料与方法C57BL/6雄性小鼠30只，随机分为正常饲料组（NC = 6）和高脂饲料组（HFD = 24）。HFD组以60% HFD喂养12周，然后分为4组：(1)对照组HFD (HFD), (2) HFD+HIIT训练组（HFD+HIIT）， (3) HFD+TRF组（HFD+TRF）， (4) HFD+HIIT训练+TRF组（HFD+HIIT+TRF）。干预组进行了8周的HIIT（每周5天），TRF（8/16小时）或HIIT和TRF的组合。然后进行工作记忆和空间记忆的行为测试。结果方差分析显示，HIIT和TRF对工作有显著的主影响(HIIT:(F (1,20) = 17.10, p= 0.0005, η²= 0.46；TRF:（F (1,20) = 18.06, p= 0.0004, η²= 0.47）与空间记忆(HIIT: (F （1,20) = 4.769, p= 0.04, η²= 0.19),TRF:(F (1,20) = 11.80, p= 0.002, η²= 0.37)）的交互作用不显著(工作记忆：F (1,20) = 0.4722, p= 0.49, η²= 0.023；空间记忆:(F (20) = 0.7888, p = 0.38,η²= 0.037))。多重比较显示HIIT+TRF联合组优于单干预组，提示加性效应（P < 0.05）。结论：shiit和TRF单独改善了雄性小鼠hfd诱导的记忆缺陷，在联合组中具有附加益处，强调需要更大规模的机制研究来证实这些作用。

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引用次数: 0

Differential changes in spinal motor neurons innervating paretic upper limb flexors and extensors after stroke 中风后支配麻痹性上肢屈肌和伸肌的脊髓运动神经元的差异变化

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115147

Yue Zong , Shu-cong Peng , Qun Zhang , Guo-hui Yang , Dan Huang , Gang Liu , Yi Wu

Post-stroke hemiplegia often leads to a slower and less complete recovery of the paretic upper limb’s extension compared to its flexion. The mechanisms underlying this disparity remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of unilateral photothrombotic stroke on forelimb flexor and extensor muscles in adult mice, with a focus on differential changes in spinal motor neurons. Our comparative analysis demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in the number of motor neurons innervating the extensor muscles post-stroke. Bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptome revealed that genes associated with inflammatory responses and cell chemotaxis were upregulated in the spinal segment innervating the extensors, whereas genes related to cellular repair were upregulated in the segment innervating the flexors. These findings offer insights into the differential recovery of paretic upper limb flexion and extension following stroke.

中风后偏瘫往往导致瘫痪的上肢伸展比屈曲恢复得更慢，更不完全。这种差异背后的机制尚不清楚。本研究研究了单侧光血栓性中风对成年小鼠前肢屈肌和伸肌的影响，重点研究了脊髓运动神经元的差异变化。我们的比较分析表明，中风后支配伸肌的运动神经元数量明显减少。转录组的生物信息学分析显示，与炎症反应和细胞趋化性相关的基因在支配伸肌的脊髓节段中上调，而与细胞修复相关的基因在支配屈肌的脊髓节段中上调。这些发现为中风后麻痹性上肢屈伸的不同恢复提供了见解。

引用次数: 0

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115144

Vanessa C. Radtke , Corinna S. Martarelli , Wanja Wolff

Exerting effort is central to human performance, with the sources of effort varying across tasks. While traditionally linked to task difficulty, effort may also be required to cope with task-induced boredom. Here, we investigate the temporal dynamics of boredom- and task-difficulty-related effort during cognitive tasks and investigate their physiological correlates using electrodermal activity (EDA). Additionally, we explore whether the effort invested in cognitive tasks affects performance in subsequent physical tasks. Ninety-five participants completed two Stroop tasks (easy, hard) while repeatedly rating their experiences of boredom, task difficulty, related efforts, and fatigue. Each Stroop task was followed by a handgrip task. Results revealed distinct temporal patterns, with boredom, boredom-related effort and fatigue increasing over time, while task difficulty and difficulty-related effort decreased. The easy Stroop elicited greater boredom and fatigue, whereas performing the hard Stroop resulted in higher task difficulty and difficulty-related effort, suggesting that enduring boredom may be more fatiguing than managing task difficulty. Distinct physiological patterns were observed for our effort variables: in the easy Stroop, EDA was positively associated with boredom-related effort but negatively associated with difficulty-related effort. No significant effects were observed in the hard Stroop. Neither difficulty- nor boredom-related effort influenced handgrip performance. Thus, no evidence for ego depletion or mental fatigue effects was found. By differentiating the psychological and physiological correlates of boredom- and difficulty-related effort, this study advances the understanding of the multifaceted nature of effort required during tasks and underscores the role of boredom in shaping cognitive and physiological responses during task performance.

努力是人类表现的核心，努力的来源因任务而异。虽然传统上与任务难度有关，但应对任务引起的无聊也可能需要努力。在这里，我们研究了认知任务中无聊和任务难度相关努力的时间动态，并利用皮肤电活动（EDA）研究了它们的生理相关性。此外，我们探讨投入认知任务的努力是否会影响后续物理任务的表现。95名参与者完成了两项Stroop任务（简单和困难），同时反复评估他们的无聊体验、任务难度、相关努力和疲劳程度。每个Stroop任务之后都有一个抓握任务。结果显示出明显的时间模式，随着时间的推移，无聊、无聊相关的努力和疲劳会增加，而任务难度和困难相关的努力会减少。简单的Stroop会引起更大的无聊和疲劳，而执行更难的Stroop会导致更高的任务难度和难度相关的努力，这表明忍受无聊可能比管理任务难度更容易疲劳。在我们的努力变量中观察到不同的生理模式：在简单的Stroop中，EDA与无聊相关的努力呈正相关，而与困难相关的努力呈负相关。在硬Stroop中没有观察到明显的影响。难度和无聊相关的努力都不会影响握力的表现。因此，没有发现自我消耗或精神疲劳影响的证据。通过区分无聊和困难相关努力的心理和生理相关因素，本研究促进了对任务中所需努力的多面性的理解，并强调了无聊在任务执行过程中形成认知和生理反应的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Caffeine attenuates anxiety- and depressive-like behavior following cyclosporine administration in mice, possibly via an NO pathway 咖啡因可能通过一氧化氮途径减轻环孢素给药后小鼠的焦虑和抑郁样行为。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115142

Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri , Fatemeh Khakpai , Sakineh Alijanpour , Seyed Parsa Golshani , Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast , Mohammad-Reza Jafari

Cyclosporine (CyA) is the most common immunosuppressive medication used during organ transplantation, and its administration is associated with psychological adverse effects, including anxiety and depression. Furthermore, relationships between caffeine consumption and psychological illness have been documented. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling has an important role in the pathophysiology of depression as well as anxiety. Based on these, the current study aimed to investigate the possible contribution of the NO pathway in the caffeine effect on CyA-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behavior. The results showed that CyA administration (60 mg/kg) induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in male mice when assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Caffein at used doses (0–1 mg/kg) had no effect on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Pre-treatment of animals with caffeine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) prevented CyA effects in EPM. Interestingly, caffeine at doses 0.5 and 1 mg/kg attenuated CyA-induced depression. Administration of L-arginine (25 mg/kg), a NO precursor, significantly attenuated the protective effect of caffeine on CyA in the FST, though this was not confirmed in the EPM. Furthermore, pretreatment with a NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (1 mg/kg), potentiated the protective effect of caffeine on CyA in the EPM. The present results demonstrated caffeine treatment prevented anxiety and depression induced by CyA, possibly partly via the NO signaling pathway.

环孢素（CyA）是器官移植中最常用的免疫抑制药物，其施用与心理不良反应有关，包括焦虑和抑郁。此外，咖啡因摄入和心理疾病之间的关系也有文献记载。一氧化氮（NO）信号在抑郁和焦虑的病理生理中具有重要作用。基于此，本研究旨在探讨NO通路在咖啡因对cya诱导的抑郁和焦虑样行为的影响中的可能作用。结果表明，CyA给药（60 mg/kg）分别诱导雄性小鼠焦虑样行为和抑郁样行为（EPM和FST）。使用剂量的咖啡因（0-1毫克/公斤）对焦虑和抑郁样行为没有影响。用咖啡因（0.1和0.5 mg/kg）预处理动物可阻止CyA对EPM的影响。有趣的是，0.5 mg/kg和1 mg/kg剂量的咖啡因可以减轻cya引起的抑郁。l -精氨酸（25 mg/kg），一种NO前体，在FST中显著减弱咖啡因对CyA的保护作用，尽管这在EPM中未得到证实。此外，预处理NO合成酶抑制剂L-NAME （1 mg/kg）可增强咖啡因对EPM中CyA的保护作用。目前的研究结果表明，咖啡因治疗可以预防CyA诱导的焦虑和抑郁，可能部分通过NO信号通路。

{"title":"Caffeine attenuates anxiety- and depressive-like behavior following cyclosporine administration in mice, possibly via an NO pathway","authors":"Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri , Fatemeh Khakpai , Sakineh Alijanpour , Seyed Parsa Golshani , Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast , Mohammad-Reza Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclosporine (CyA) is the most common immunosuppressive medication used during organ transplantation, and its administration is associated with psychological adverse effects, including anxiety and depression. Furthermore, relationships between caffeine consumption and psychological illness have been documented. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling has an important role in the pathophysiology of depression as well as anxiety. Based on these, the current study aimed to investigate the possible contribution of the NO pathway in the caffeine effect on CyA-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behavior. The results showed that CyA administration (60 mg/kg) induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in male mice when assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Caffein at used doses (0–1 mg/kg) had no effect on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Pre-treatment of animals with caffeine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) prevented CyA effects in EPM. Interestingly, caffeine at doses 0.5 and 1 mg/kg attenuated CyA-induced depression. Administration of <span>L</span>-arginine (25 mg/kg), a NO precursor, significantly attenuated the protective effect of caffeine on CyA in the FST, though this was not confirmed in the EPM. Furthermore, pretreatment with a NO synthase inhibitor, <span>L</span>-NAME (1 mg/kg), potentiated the protective effect of caffeine on CyA in the EPM. The present results demonstrated caffeine treatment prevented anxiety and depression induced by CyA, possibly partly via the NO signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortisol awakening response and autobiographical memory in healthy older adults: The moderating role of negative reminiscence 健康老年人皮质醇觉醒反应与自传体记忆：负性回忆的调节作用。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115143

Pablo Rivas-Diaz , Teresa Montoliu , Vanesa Hidalgo , Alicia Salvador

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis’s response to stress, with cortisol as a key hormone, has an important impact on cognitive function. Specifically, the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR), an index of HPA axis functioning, has been linked to declarative memory performance. Autobiographical Memory (AM), a specific form of declarative memory, becomes especially relevant in aging due to its relationship with identity, emotional regulation, and cognitive functioning. However, engaging with the autobiographical past can become maladaptive when it is dominated by negative, self-critical reflections, a pattern referred to as negative reminiscence. This study aimed to examine whether the CAR and negative reminiscence independently predict the specificity of personal memories in healthy older adults, and whether their interaction further explains variability in AM specificity. A sample of 150 healthy older adults (aged 56–81) provided eight saliva samples over two consecutive days to assess the CAR, and they completed standardized measures of AM and reminiscence. Our results showed no significant direct associations between the CAR or negative reminiscence and AM specificity. However, moderation analyses revealed that the CAR significantly predicted a greater tendency to retrieve overgeneral memories, that is, less specific autobiographical memories, but only among individuals with higher negative reminiscence. These results suggest that the way individuals relate to their past plays a key role in the impact of physiological stress on autobiographical recall. The findings underscore the importance of considering both biological and emotional factors to better understand AM in aging.

下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴对压力的反应，以皮质醇为关键激素，对认知功能有重要影响。具体来说，皮质醇唤醒反应（CAR），一个下丘脑轴功能的指标，与陈述性记忆的表现有关。自传体记忆（AM）是陈述性记忆的一种特殊形式，由于其与身份、情绪调节和认知功能的关系，在衰老过程中变得尤为重要。然而，当自传式的过去被消极的、自我批评的反思所主导时，这种模式被称为消极回忆，参与其中就会变得不适应。本研究旨在检验CAR和负记忆是否独立预测健康老年人个人记忆的特异性，以及它们的相互作用是否进一步解释AM特异性的变异性。150名健康老年人（56-81岁）连续两天提供8份唾液样本来评估CAR，他们完成了AM和回忆的标准化测量。我们的研究结果显示，CAR或阴性记忆与AM特异性之间没有显著的直接关联。然而，适度分析显示，CAR显著地预测了更大的倾向于检索过度记忆，即较少具体的自传式记忆，但仅在具有较高负面记忆的个体中。这些结果表明，个体与过去的联系方式在生理压力对自传式回忆的影响中起着关键作用。研究结果强调了考虑生物和情感因素以更好地了解AM在衰老中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Boredom, interoceptive ability, and emotional eating: An experimental study 无聊、内感受能力和情绪化进食：一项实验研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115137

Erica Ahlich , Kendall Poovey , Allison Cunning , Laura Boyajian , Diana Rancourt

Growing evidence underscores the importance of examining specific emotions to better understand emotional eating. Boredom is one such underexplored emotion, and little is known about individual differences that may increase vulnerability to “bored eating.” Given the relevance of interoception—awareness of internal bodily signals—to other forms of dysregulated eating, the current study investigated whether interoceptive ability moderates the relationship between boredom and food consumption. In a controlled laboratory experiment, 187 participants consumed a water preload and were randomly assigned to a 30-minute boredom or neutral condition. Snack foods (chocolate, crackers, chips) were available ad libitum, and consumption was covertly measured. Interoception was assessed via general interoceptive sensibility, hunger/satiety-specific sensibility, and gastric interoceptive sensitivity using the two-step Water Load Test. Analyses of covariance tested main and interaction effects of condition and interoceptive measures on food consumption. Contrary to hypotheses, neither boredom nor any interoceptive measure predicted total or food-type-specific consumption. Additionally, interoception did not moderate the relationship between boredom and eating. These findings contribute to a growing body of research questioning the predictive validity of self-reported emotional eating and highlight the importance of distinguishing between self-reported tendencies and observable behavior. Future research using ecologically valid, longitudinal methods may help clarify when and for whom boredom contributes to dysregulated eating and whether physiological awareness influences this pathway.

越来越多的证据强调了研究特定情绪对更好地理解情绪化进食的重要性。无聊就是这样一种未被充分探索的情绪，人们对个体差异是否会增加“无聊进食”的脆弱性知之甚少。鉴于内感受能力——对身体内部信号的感知——与其他形式的饮食失调之间的相关性，目前的研究调查了内感受能力是否调节了无聊和食物消费之间的关系。在一项受控的实验室实验中，187名参与者喝了预负荷的水，并被随机分配到30分钟的无聊或中性状态。零食（巧克力、饼干、薯片）是随意供应的，消费量是秘密测量的。使用两步水负荷试验，通过一般内感受敏感性、饥饿/饱腹感特异性敏感性和胃内感受敏感性来评估内感受。条件和内感受性措施对食物消费的主效应和交互效应的协方差检验分析。与假设相反，无聊和任何内感受性测量都无法预测总消费量或特定食物类型的消费量。此外，内感受并没有缓和无聊和进食之间的关系。这些发现促使越来越多的研究质疑自我报告的情绪性饮食的预测有效性，并强调区分自我报告的倾向和可观察到的行为的重要性。未来的研究使用生态学上有效的纵向方法，可能有助于澄清无聊何时以及对谁来说会导致饮食失调，以及生理意识是否会影响这一途径。

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引用次数: 0

Obesity suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and impairs memory and executive function in a weight and sex-specific manner 肥胖以体重和性别特异性的方式抑制海马神经发生并损害记忆和执行功能。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115141

Yasamin Baghdadchi , Carl White , Eugene Dimitrov

There is a well-established link between a high-fat diet (HFD) as a cause of obesity, which, in addition to metabolic and cardiovascular pathology, is also associated with memory loss and cognitive decline. We investigated the conditional relationship between HFD, body weight, cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male and female mice. The mice receiving HFD for three months were heavier and exhibited impaired long-term memory and diminished problem-solving ability in comparison to the groups on standard chow diet (SD). The severity of the cognitive impairment was dependent on their weight as shown by regressive analysis of the data. However, the HFD and increased body weight negatively affected the short-term spatial memory, a hippocampus-dependent task, only in male but not in female mice. Next, we compared the expression of Ki67 and DCX as markers for adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus of mice on SD and HFD. The HFD reduced the densities of Ki67- and DCX-labeled cells only in male but not in the female mice.

These results revealed that the cognitive impairment triggered by HFD was proportionate to the weight of the mice. However, the female mice preserved the rate of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and their cognitive functions in hippocampus-dependent tasks despite being susceptible to the deleterious effects of HFD in other cognitive domains.

高脂肪饮食（HFD）是导致肥胖的原因，除了代谢和心血管疾病外，还与记忆力丧失和认知能力下降有关，这两者之间存在着明确的联系。我们研究了雄性和雌性小鼠HFD、体重、认知能力与成年海马神经发生之间的条件关系。与标准饮食组（SD）相比，接受HFD三个月的小鼠体重更重，表现出长期记忆受损和解决问题的能力下降。数据的回归分析显示，认知障碍的严重程度取决于他们的体重。然而，HFD和体重增加对短期空间记忆（一种海马体依赖性任务）有负向影响，仅在雄性小鼠中存在，而在雌性小鼠中没有。接下来，我们比较了Ki67和DCX作为成年神经发生标志物在SD和HFD小鼠海马背侧齿状回亚颗粒区的表达。HFD仅在雄性小鼠中降低Ki67和dcx标记细胞的密度，而在雌性小鼠中没有。这些结果表明，HFD引起的认知障碍与小鼠的体重成正比。然而，雌性小鼠保留了齿状回的成年神经发生率和海马依赖性任务的认知功能，尽管在其他认知领域容易受到HFD的有害影响。

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引用次数: 0

Gut dysbiosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in zebrafish: insights into the gut-brain axis 脂多糖诱导的斑马鱼肠道生态失调：肠脑轴的研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115140

Sumi J. Menachery , Honey Gopinathan , Sarita G. Bhat

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly used as a vertebrate model for microbiota-gut-brain axis research due to their genetic tractability and physiological similarity to mammals. Although intrarectal delivery of chemical agents is a common approach to induce intestinal inflammation, the use of microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through this route in zebrafish has been relatively unexplored. In this study, we established a low-dose intrarectal LPS model (1 µg/mL) in adult zebrafish. Fish were randomly assigned to control(phosphate-buffered saline) or treatment (LPS) groups, and injections were performed under mild anesthesia. Microbiota profiling by 16S rDNA sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) identified Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes as the dominant phyla. Following LPS exposure, the Fusobacteriota increased, whereas the Firmicutes decreased, reflecting compositional shifts in the microbiota, although alpha diversity remained largely unaffected. Gene expression profiling revealed downregulation of NF-κB and upregulation of MyD88, indicating modulation of innate immune pathways. Moreover, dysbiosis was linked to changes in the expression of serotonin-related genes: tph1a, tph2, and htr1aa were significantly downregulated in the brain, with a pronounced decrease in tph2, slc6a4, and htr1aa detected in the gut. Behavioral assessment using the novel tank test demonstrated anxiogenic responses following LPS treatment. Together, these findings establish a tractable low-dose intrarectal LPS zebrafish model that induces gut dysbiosis, transcriptional changes, and behavioral alterations, providing a platform for investigating microbiota-gut-brain interactions.

斑马鱼由于其遗传易感性和生理上与哺乳动物的相似性，越来越多地被用作微生物-肠-脑轴研究的脊椎动物模型。虽然直肠内给药是诱发肠道炎症的常用方法，但通过这种途径在斑马鱼中使用脂多糖（LPS）等微生物成分的研究相对较少。在本研究中，我们在成年斑马鱼中建立了低剂量（1µg/mL）的直肠内LPS模型。鱼被随机分配到磷酸盐缓冲盐水（对照组）或治疗（LPS）组，并在轻度麻醉下进行注射。微生物群分析通过16S rDNA测序（Illumina MiSeq）鉴定出梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门为优势门。暴露于LPS后，梭杆菌门增加，厚壁菌门减少，反映了微生物群的组成变化，尽管α多样性在很大程度上未受影响。基因表达谱显示NF-κB下调，MyD88上调，提示先天免疫通路的调节。此外，生态失调与血清素相关基因表达的变化有关：tph1a、tph2和htr1aa在大脑中显著下调，在肠道中检测到tph2、slc6a4和htr1aa显著降低。行为评估使用新的坦克测试显示焦虑反应后，LPS治疗。总之，这些发现建立了一个可处理的低剂量直肠内LPS斑马鱼模型，诱导肠道生态失调，转录变化和行为改变，为研究微生物-肠-脑相互作用提供了一个平台。

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引用次数: 0

Appetite responses to different doses of cottonseed oil in adults at risk of cardiovascular disease 不同剂量棉籽油对心血管疾病风险成人食欲的影响

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115138

Claire D. Hawkins , M.Catherine Prater , Christine A. Ward , Chad M. Paton , Jamie A. Cooper

High doses of cottonseed oil (CSO) have improved markers of appetite. The objective of this study was to examine dose response effects of CSO vs. a control (CON) diet on appetite responses in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This 28-day parallel outpatient feeding intervention randomized participants into a CSO dose group: LOW (10 % estimated energy needs (EEN) CSO; n = 23), MID (20 % EEN CSO; n = 23), or HIGH (30 % EEN CSO; n = 22) or CON (10 % EEN from oil mixture; n = 23). At pre- and post-intervention, participants consumed a high fat meal challenge with 5-hr postprandial blood draws to evaluate cholecystokinin, peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin. Participants completed VAS questionnaires for subjective appetite at the same timepoints and hourly the remainder of the day with a food record. From pre- to post-intervention, postprandial ghrelin and PYY were suppressed in LOW and HIGH (p < 0.01 for all) vs. MID and CON (p > 0.05 for all). Subjective hunger was suppressed in LOW, MID, and HIGH (p < 0.01 for all) vs. CON (p = 0.93). Fullness in all CSO groups increased (p < 0.01 for all) vs. a reduction in CON (p = 0.04). Desire to eat was suppressed in LOW, MID, and CON (p < 0.01 for all) vs. HIGH (p = 0.95), and overall subjective appetite decreased in LOW and MID (p < 0.01 for both) vs. HIGH and CON (p > 0.05 for both). Altogether, enriching diets with 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % CSO improved markers of subjective appetite only in adults at-risk for CVD.

高剂量的棉籽油（CSO）可以改善食欲。本研究的目的是检查CSO与对照（CON）饮食对有心血管疾病（CVD）风险的成年人食欲反应的剂量反应效应。这项为期28天的平行门诊喂养干预将参与者随机分为CSO剂量组：低(10%的估计能量需求（EEN） CSO；n=23), MID (20% EEN CSO, n=23), HIGH （30% EEN CSO, n=22）或CON （10% EEN来自石油混合物，n=23）。在干预前和干预后，参与者进食高脂肪食物，餐后5小时抽血评估胆囊收缩素、肽YY （PYY）和胃饥饿素。参与者在同一时间点完成主观食欲的VAS问卷调查，并在当天剩下的时间里每小时完成一次食物记录。从干预前到干预后，餐后ghrelin和PYY在LOW和HIGH组均被抑制（p < 0.01），而MID和CON组均被抑制（p < 0.05）。相对于对照组（p=0.93）， LOW、MID和HIGH组的主观饥饿感均被抑制（p < 0.01）。所有CSO组的丰满度均增加（p < 0.01）， CON则减少（p=0.04）。相较于HIGH组（p=0.95）， LOW组、MID组和CON组的食欲均受到抑制（p < 0.01）， LOW组和MID组的总体主观食欲均下降（p < 0.01）， HIGH组和CON组的总体主观食欲均下降（p < 0.05）。总的来说，在饮食中添加10%、20%和30%的CSO只会改善心血管疾病风险成人的主观食欲指标。

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