Physiology & Behavior最新文献_第5页

Influence of strain on expression and habituation of autonomic and cardiovascular responses to restraint stress in rats 应变对大鼠自律神经和心血管对束缚应激反应的表达和习惯化的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114781

Ricardo Benini, Leandro A. Oliveira, Lucas Gomes-de-Souza, Adrielly Santos, Lígia C. Casula, Carlos C. Crestani

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of rat strain in expression of autonomic and cardiovascular changes during acute exposure to restraint stress, as well as in habituation of these physiological responses upon repeated exposure to restraint. For this, blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction were assessed in Wistar (control strain), Long-Evans, Holtzman and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats during acute or 10^th 60-min session of restraint stress. We observed that HR returned faster to baseline values during recovery of the acute session of restraint in Long-Evans and SHR rats in relation to Wistar, thus indicating shorter tachycardia in these strains. Long-Evans also presented enhanced sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to acute restraint stress. Habituation of the tachycardiac response evidenced as a faster HR return to baseline values during recovery of the 10^th restraint session in relation to acute stress was similarly identified in both Wistar and Holtzman rats. However, cardiovascular changes were similarly evoked during acute and 10^th restraint stress session in SHR and Long-Evans rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that both cardiovascular responses during acute stress and habituation of these physiological adjustments upon repeated exposure to the same stressor are strain-dependent. Differences were mainly observed in Long-Evans and SHR strains, whereas Holtzman rats seem to present similar autonomic and cardiovascular changes in relation to Wistar rats.

本研究旨在评估大鼠在急性暴露于束缚应激时自律神经和心血管变化的表现，以及在重复暴露于束缚应激时这种生理反应的习惯化受品系的影响。为此，我们对 Wistar（对照品系）、Long-Evans、Holtzman 和自发性高血压（SHR）大鼠在急性或第 10 次 60 分钟束缚应激时的血压、心率和交感神经介导的皮肤血管收缩进行了评估。我们观察到，与 Wistar 大鼠相比，Long-Evans 和 SHR 大鼠在急性束缚应激恢复期间心率恢复到基线值的速度更快，因此表明这些品系的心动过速时间更短。在急性束缚应激下，长伊凡大鼠交感神经介导的皮肤血管收缩也会增强。在 Wistar 大鼠和 Holtzman 大鼠中也发现了心动过速反应的习惯化现象，这表现为在第 10 次束缚后的恢复过程中，心率更快地恢复到与急性应激有关的基线值。然而，在急性和第 10 次束缚应激过程中，SHR 大鼠和 Long-Evans 大鼠的心血管也发生了类似的变化。综上所述，这些研究结果表明，急性应激时的心血管反应以及重复暴露于同一应激源时这些生理调整的习惯化都是依赖于品系的。观察到的差异主要存在于Long-Evans和SHR品系中，而Holtzman大鼠的自律神经和心血管变化似乎与Wistar大鼠相似。

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引用次数: 0

Microglia stimulation produces antidepressant-like effects in a mouse depression model induced by adolescent chronic unpredictable stress 在青少年慢性不可预测压力诱导的小鼠抑郁模型中，刺激小胶质细胞可产生类似抗抑郁的效果。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114782

Hanxiao Wang , Jie Peng , Haojie Zhu , Micona Sun , Yunli Fang , Zhuo Chen , Wenfeng Hu , Lijuan Tong , Jie Ren , Chao Huang , Xu Lu

Depression triggered by harmful stress in adolescents is a common phenomenon that can lead to serious social problems. Its treatment is still frustrating in the clinic. We reported the phenomenon that a 12-day chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), starting on postnatal day 28, led to a significant decrease in the number of microglia in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in adult mice. Reversing this decline with a single injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a classical immunostimulant, could rapidly reverse the depression-like behavior induced by 12 days of CUS stimulation during adolescence. In the dose-dependent experiment, a single injection of LPS at doses of 75 and 100 μg/kg, but not at doses of 25 and 50 μg/kg, produced an antidepressant effect in mice exposed to 12-day CUS during adolescence. The time-dependent experiment showed that the antidepressant effect of the single injection of LPS (100 μg/kg) occurred at time points 5 and 8 h, but not 3 h after LPS injection. The antidepressant effect of the single LPS injection (100 μg/kg) lasted for at least 7 days, and 14 days after the single LPS injection, a repeated injection could still induce the stressed mice to develop an antidepressant phenotype. Furthermore, inhibition of microglia by minocycline or depletion of microglia by PLX3397 was found to prevent the antidepressant effect of the single LPS injection. These results suggest that reversing the decline of microglia in the dentate gyrus may be a potential strategy for the treatment of depression induced by harmful stress in adolescents.

由有害压力引发的青少年抑郁症是一种常见现象，可导致严重的社会问题。其治疗在临床上仍然令人沮丧。我们曾报道过这样一种现象：从出生后第28天开始，为期12天的慢性不可预测应激（CUS）会导致成年小鼠海马齿状回中的小胶质细胞数量显著减少。通过单次注射低剂量脂多糖（一种经典的免疫刺激剂）来逆转这种减少，可以迅速逆转青春期12天CUS刺激所诱发的抑郁样行为。在剂量依赖性实验中，单次注射75和100微克/千克剂量的LPS，而不注射25和50微克/千克剂量的LPS，可对暴露于12天CUS的青春期小鼠产生抗抑郁作用。时间依赖性实验表明，单次注射 LPS（100 μg/kg）的抗抑郁作用发生在注射 LPS 后的 5 和 8 小时，而不是 3 小时后。单次注射 LPS（100 μg/kg）的抗抑郁作用至少可持续 7 天，单次注射 LPS 14 天后，重复注射仍可诱导抑郁小鼠形成抗抑郁表型。此外，米诺环素抑制小胶质细胞或 PLX3397 清除小胶质细胞也能阻止单次 LPS 注射的抗抑郁作用。这些结果表明，逆转齿状回小胶质细胞的衰退可能是治疗有害压力诱发的青少年抑郁症的一种潜在策略。

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引用次数: 0

BarTender: A system for recording intakes and body weights in ingestive behavior experiments 调酒师：在摄食行为实验中记录摄取量和体重的系统。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114783

Thomas A. Houpt, Charles E. Houpt, C. Blake Cassell Erquiaga

A system is described for the semi-automated collection of fluid bottle, food jar, and rodent body weights. Items are labeled with barcodes, which are scanned by a Macintosh application connected via USB to a scale. Body weights are collected in the animal room by an iPad application connected to a Bluetooth scale. Simple summary statistics are automatically calculated, and data are stored with experiment metadata in a cloud database. Up-to-date graphs of the data are rendered by a web application from any browser, from which data can be downloaded for further analysis. Such a system makes ingestive behavior experiments more accurate, rapid, and higher throughput.

描述了一种半自动收集液体瓶、食物罐和啮齿动物体重的系统。物品上标有条形码，通过USB连接到秤上的麦金塔应用程序扫描条形码。动物房间里的体重是通过连接蓝牙秤的iPad应用程序收集的。简单的汇总统计自动计算，数据与实验元数据一起存储在云数据库中。数据的最新图形由任何浏览器的web应用程序呈现，可以从中下载数据以进行进一步分析。该系统使摄食行为实验更加准确、快速和高通量。

引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD): Insights from human clinical studies and the mouse AD models 阿尔茨海默病（AD）的肠道菌群失调：来自人类临床研究和小鼠AD模型的见解

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114778

John N. Manfredi , Sonu Kumar Gupta , Sagar Vyavahare , Ferenc Deak , Xinyun Lu , Lasya Buddha , Umesh Wankhade , Jayant Lohakare , Carlos Isales , Sadanand Fulzele

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurocognitive disorder with an unclear underlying mechanism. Recent studies have implicated gut microbiota dysbiosis with the onset and progression of AD. The connection between gut microbiota and AD can significantly affect the prevention and treatment of AD patients. This systematic review summarizes primary outcomes of human and mouse AD models concerning gut microbiota alterations. A systematic literature search in February through March 2023 was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We identified 711 as potential manuscripts of which 672 were excluded because of irrelevance to the identified search criteria. Primary outcomes include microbiota compositions of control and AD models in humans and mice. In total, 39 studies were included (19 mouse and 20 human studies), published between 2017 and 2023. We included studies involving well-established mice models of AD (5xFAD, 3xTg-AD, APP/PS1, Tg2576, and APPPS2) which harbor mutations and genes that drive the formation of Aß plaques. All human studies were included on those with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Among alterations in gut microbiota, most studies found a decreased abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Bifidobacteria, a genus of the phylum Actinomycetota. An increased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were identified in animal and human studies. Studies indicated that gut microbiota alter the pathogenesis of AD through its impact on neuroinflammation and permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. The ensuing increase in blood-brain barrier permeability may accelerate Aβ penetrance and formation of neuritic plaques that align with the amyloid hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. Further studies should assess the relationship between gut microbiota and AD progression and therapy preserving beneficial gut microbiota.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种使人衰弱的神经认知障碍，其潜在机制尚不清楚。最近的研究表明，肠道菌群失调与阿尔茨海默病的发病和进展有关。肠道菌群与AD的关系对AD患者的预防和治疗有重要影响。本系统综述总结了人类和小鼠AD模型与肠道微生物群改变的主要结果。对2023年2 - 3月的PubMed、Embase和Web of Science进行了系统的文献检索。我们确定了711篇潜在的手稿，其中672篇因与确定的搜索标准不相关而被排除。主要结果包括人类和小鼠的对照和AD模型的微生物群组成。总共纳入了2017年至2023年间发表的39项研究（19项小鼠研究和20项人体研究）。我们纳入了已建立的AD小鼠模型（5xFAD、3xTg-AD、APP/PS1、Tg2576和APPPS2）的研究，这些模型含有驱动ß斑块形成的突变和基因。所有的人类研究都包括那些患有阿尔茨海默病或轻度认知障碍的人。在肠道菌群的变化中，大多数研究发现厚壁菌门和双歧杆菌门（放线菌门的一个属）的丰度下降。拟杆菌门和变形杆菌门的丰度在动物和人类研究中得到了证实。研究表明，肠道菌群通过影响胃肠道的神经炎症和通透性来改变AD的发病机制。随后血脑屏障通透性的增加可能会加速Aβ外显率和神经斑块的形成，这与AD发病机制的淀粉样蛋白假说一致。进一步的研究应该评估肠道微生物群与AD进展之间的关系，以及保护有益肠道微生物群的治疗。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between acute aerobic exercise and inhibitory control in college students: The impact of physical and cognitive engagement 大学生急性有氧运动与抑制控制之间的关系：身体和认知参与的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114779

Zongyu Yang , Li Zhu , Qinghua He , Xuanling Li , Jiaxi Zhang , Yi Tang

Objective

Evidence suggests that acute exercise is an effective way for improving inhibition control, however, the effect of different types of Acute Aerobic Exercise and Inhibitory Control (IC) remains unclear.

Method

Using a crossover design, 25 participants (M = 20.20year, SD=0.91) completed 20 min of interventions at 1) moderate intensity exercise, 2) moderate intensity exercise with high cognitive demand (high cognitive-demand exercise), 3) moderate intensity exercise with high physical demand (high physical-demand exercise), and 4) rest condition (low physical and cognitive demand) in a counterbalanced way. Flanker task was completed before and after each intervention to evaluate their inhibitory control ability.

Results

The four interventions significantly reduce reaction times for both congruent and incongruent trials with Flanker task (all P < 0.05). Compared to acute moderate intensity exercise, high physical-demand exercise induced a greater reduction in reaction times for both trial types, whereas high cognitive-demand exercise led to faster reaction times in incongruent trials.

Conclusion

Although each intervention effectively enhanced inhibitory control, the exercise demanding high cognitive and physical effort contributed to a more pronounced improvement in inhibitory control performance. This indicates that both increased physical and cognitive engagement can significantly improve the level of inhibitory control in young adults.

目的：有证据表明，急性运动是改善抑制控制的有效方法：有证据表明，急性运动是改善抑制控制的有效方法，然而，不同类型的急性有氧运动和抑制控制（IC）的效果仍不清楚：采用交叉设计，25 名参与者（中=20.20 岁，标差=0.91）以平衡的方式完成了 20 分钟的干预：1）中等强度运动；2）中等强度且认知需求高的运动（认知需求高的运动）；3）中等强度且体力需求高的运动（体力需求高的运动）；4）休息状态（体力和认知需求低）。在每次干预前后都要完成侧手任务，以评估他们的抑制控制能力：结果：四种干预措施都明显缩短了同位和不同位试题在 Flanker 任务中的反应时间（均为 PC）：虽然每种干预措施都能有效增强抑制控制能力，但对认知和体力要求较高的运动对抑制控制能力的改善更为明显。这表明，增加体力和认知参与都能显著提高青壮年的抑制控制水平。

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引用次数: 0

Time-restricted feeding does not improve daily rhythms in locomotion and drinking disrupted by artificial light at night 限时进食不能改善夜间受人造光干扰的日常运动和饮水节奏。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114780

Valentina Sophia Rumanova , Ewout Foppen , Monika Okuliarova , Michal Zeman , Andries Kalsbeek

Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts natural darkness and desynchronizes daily rhythms in physiological processes and behavior. Previously, in rats, we have shown that dim ALAN disturbed the central circadian control and the temporal organization of behavior, and hormonal and metabolic pathways. The measurements of undisturbed daily behavioral (locomotor activity, feeding and drinking) patterns revealed reduced amplitudes and a transitory activity peak in the middle of the light (i.e. resting) period. Recent studies indicated that time-restricted feeding during the active period (TRFd) can strengthen daily rhythms and improve metabolic health. Therefore, the aim of our study was to prevent the dim ALAN-induced attenuation of daily behavioral rhythms by applying TRFd. Male Wistar rats were kept in a 12/12 light/dark cycle in metabolic cages for one week with free access to food and water. After acclimation, rats were divided into two groups: 1) ad libitum food or 2) time-restricted food during the dark period. After one week, both groups were exposed to dim ALAN for two weeks. Despite the enhanced amplitude of the daily feeding rhythm in TRFd animals, ALAN still suppressed the rhythm of locomotor activity, induced the extra peak during the resting period and reduced the bimodal pattern during the night. Furthermore, TRFd did not prevent the drop in anticipatory thirst caused by ALAN at the end of the active period. In conclusion, TRFd was not able to fully prevent the weakning of daily behavioral rhythms by dim ALAN.

夜间暴露于人造光（ALAN）会破坏自然黑暗，使生理过程和行为的日常节奏不同步。在此之前，我们已经在大鼠中发现，暗淡的ALAN干扰了中央昼夜节律控制和行为的时间组织，以及激素和代谢途径。对未受干扰的日常行为（运动活动、进食和饮水）模式的测量显示，在光照期（即休息期）中间，振幅降低，并出现短暂的活动峰值。最近的研究表明，在活动期（TRFd）限时饲喂可以增强日常节律，改善代谢健康。因此，我们的研究目的是通过应用TRFd来预防暗淡的alan引起的日常行为节律的衰减。雄性Wistar大鼠在代谢笼中按12/12光/暗循环饲养1周，自由进食和饮水。适应后，将大鼠分为两组：1)在黑暗期随意进食和2)限时进食。一周后，两组都暴露在微弱的ALAN中两周。尽管TRFd动物每日摄食节律的振幅增强，但ALAN仍然抑制了运动活动的节律，诱导了静息期的额外峰值，并减少了夜间的双峰模式。此外，在活动期结束时，TRFd并不能阻止ALAN引起的预期口渴的下降。综上所述，TRFd不能完全阻止弱ALAN对日常行为节律的减弱。

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引用次数: 0

A scoping review and hypothetical framework about the interplay between oxytocin and eating disorders 关于催产素与饮食失调相互作用的范围回顾和假设框架。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114777

Aleena Ahmed , Ayesha Ahmed , Zuha Zahra , Yazen Alnefeesi , Ahsan Hanif , Mohsan Ali , Youshay Jawad , Mujeeb U. Shad

Introduction

Despite emerging evidence on oxytocin's role in eating disorders,there is a need for a comprehensive review to integrate findings across neurobiological, genetic, hormonal, and therapeutic dimensions. This scoping review synthesizes existing literature on OXT's role in EDs and proposes a new theoretical perspective based on diverse research findings.

Methods

In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we systematically synthesized all peer-reviewed articles indexed on PubMed which focused on both OXT and EDs as of December 2023 (k = 32 studies, n = 1942 participants). After summarizing this literature in tables, we completed the narrative synthesis with a discussion of mechanisms informed by an unstructured literature review.

Results

The existing studies propose a connection between OXT receptor Oxtr polymorphisms and ED diagnoses, severity of symptoms, macronutrient preferences, reward function, and early life stress. In addition, OXT plasma levels normalized with ED symptom reduction. Although some OXT studies have failed to show therapeutic changes in food intake and weight, few have reported ameliorations in brain function, food-related attentional bias, cognition, and emotional regulation. Some data have also suggested a contributory role of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) to the etiology of EDs through Oxtr expression.

Conclusion

Although the current evidence does not support OXT as a standalone cause of or treatment for EDs, OXT research holds promise as a way of identifying future therapies, and OXT itself may serve as a valuable adjunct.

引言：尽管有新的证据表明催产素在饮食失调中的作用，但仍需要对神经生物学、遗传学、激素和治疗等方面的研究结果进行全面的综述。本综述综合了已有的关于氧化应激在EDs中的作用的文献，并基于不同的研究成果提出了一个新的理论视角。方法：根据PRISMA指南，我们系统地综合了截至2023年12月PubMed检索的所有同行评议文章，这些文章集中于OXT和EDs （k = 32项研究，n = 1942名参与者）。在表格中总结了这些文献之后，我们通过对非结构化文献综述的讨论完成了叙述性综合。结果：现有研究表明，OXT受体Oxtr多态性与ED诊断、症状严重程度、宏量营养素偏好、奖励功能和早期生活压力之间存在联系。此外，OXT血浆水平随着ED症状的减轻而正常化。虽然一些OXT研究未能显示食物摄入和体重的治疗性变化，但很少有报道称大脑功能、食物相关的注意偏差、认知和情绪调节有改善。一些数据还表明，转化生长因子β (TGFβ)和固醇调节元件结合蛋白（SREBPs）通过Oxtr的表达参与EDs的病因学。结论：虽然目前的证据不支持OXT作为EDs的单独原因或治疗方法，但OXT研究有望作为确定未来治疗方法的一种方式，OXT本身可能作为一种有价值的辅助手段。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in cerebral cortex redox status and cognitive performance in short- and long-term high-sucrose diet fed rats 短期和长期高糖饮食大鼠大脑皮层氧化还原状态和认知能力的变化。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114776

María del Rosario Ferreira , María de los Milagros Scalzo , Silvia Rodríguez , María Eugenia D´Alessandro

Rising evidence suggests that Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) would be correlated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Although this has emerged as a relevant area of research, it has not been fully explored. It is not clear if a greater impairment of the metabolic peripheral environment is accompanied by a greater impairment of the central nervous system. We have previously shown that feeding rats with a high-sucrose diet (HSD) represents an animal model that resembles the human MetS phenotype. The aim of the present work was to assess in rats fed a HSD for a short (3 weeks-wk) or a long (15 weeks-wk) term, whether the worsening of the peripheral metabolic and hormonal profile that occur as the time of HSD consumption increases, is also accompanied by a worsening of oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex and/or cognitive behavior. Male Wistar rats received a HSD or a control diet during 3 wk or 15 wk. We found an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities in the cerebral cortex of 3 wk HSD-fed rats. All of these parameters, except for the GPx, were also increased in the 15 wk HSD-fed group and values were similar to those observed at 3 wk. Glutathione reduced form (GSH), catalase (CAT) activity and brain-to-body weight ratio were reduced in 15 wk HSD-fed animals. Glutathione S- transferase (GST) was similar in all dietary groups. A poor performance in novel object recognition test and T-maze memory tasks was observed in 3 wk and 15 wk HSD-fed rats in a similar magnitude. Our results add new evidence related to the association between an adverse peripheral metabolic environment and brain/cognitive dysfunction.

越来越多的证据表明，代谢综合征（MetS）可能与神经退行性疾病的发展有关。虽然这已经成为一个相关的研究领域，但尚未得到充分的探索。目前尚不清楚代谢外周环境的更大损害是否伴随着中枢神经系统的更大损害。我们之前已经证明，给大鼠喂食高糖饮食（HSD）代表了一种类似于人类MetS表型的动物模型。本研究的目的是评估短期（3周-周）或长期（15周-周）喂食高脂sd的大鼠，随着高脂sd摄入时间的增加，周围代谢和激素谱的恶化是否也伴随着大脑皮层氧化应激和/或认知行为的恶化。雄性Wistar大鼠分别在第3周和第15周接受HSD或对照饮食。我们发现3周hsd喂养的大鼠大脑皮层活性氧（ROS）、硫代巴比妥酸活性物质（TBARS）、晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性增加。除GPx外，15周饲喂hsd组所有参数均升高，与3周观察值相似。15周饲喂hsd的动物谷胱甘肽还原物（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和脑体重比均降低。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）在所有膳食组中相似。hsd喂养3周和15周的大鼠在新物体识别测试和t -迷宫记忆任务中表现不佳，其程度相似。我们的研究结果为不良的外周代谢环境与脑/认知功能障碍之间的关联提供了新的证据。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of limited sucrose intake on perineuronal nets of parvalbumin interneurons in the basolateral amygdala: A potential role in stress resilience 有限的蔗糖摄入对杏仁核基底外侧小白蛋白中间神经元周围神经元网的影响：在应激恢复中的潜在作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114774

Houda Nashawi , Corey T. Foltz , Marissa A. Smail , Dana R. Buesing , James P. Herman , Yvonne M. Ulrich-Lai

Natural rewards like regular sucrose consumption can buffer physiological and behavioral stress responses, likely mediated, at least in part, by increased plasticity in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). As PV+ interneuron plasticity is tightly regulated by specialized extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), this study investigated the impact of regular sucrose consumption vs. repetitive stress on the PNNs that surround PV+ interneurons in the BLA, as well as the number of glutamatergic (vGLUT1) and GABAergic (vGAT) appositions that PV+ cells receive. Male rats were given an established limited sucrose intake (LSI) feeding paradigm (vs. water-fed controls) and were co-exposed to a brief restraint stress (vs. no stress controls), daily for 14 days. Sucrose consumption increased the proportion of PV+ cells that were surrounded by PNNs, independent of stress exposure. PV+ cells with PNNs had more vGLUT1-positive and fewer vGAT-positive appositions compared to those lacking PNNs. Additionally, sucrose consumption increased the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory appositions onto PV+ cells, suggesting the possibility of elevated PV+ interneuron tone, leading to greater inhibition of the BLA's stress-excitatory output. These findings indicate that sucrose consumption influences PNN formation and structural plasticity on PV+ interneurons in the BLA, which has implications for understanding the neurological mechanisms underlying stress resilience by natural rewards.

像定期摄入蔗糖这样的自然奖励可以缓冲生理和行为应激反应，至少在一定程度上可能是由基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）中小蛋白阳性（PV+）中间神经元的可塑性增加介导的。由于PV+中间神经元的可塑性受到称为神经周围网（PNNs）的特殊细胞外基质结构的严格调节，本研究调查了常规蔗糖消耗与重复应激对BLA中PV+中间神经元周围的PNNs的影响，以及PV+细胞接受的谷氨酸能（vGLUT1）和GABAergic （vGAT）的数量。雄性大鼠给予既定的有限蔗糖摄入量（LSI）喂养模式（与水喂养对照），并共同暴露于短暂的约束应激（与无应激对照），每天14天。蔗糖的消耗增加了被PNNs包围的PV+细胞的比例，与应激暴露无关。与PNNs缺失的PV+细胞相比，PNNs缺失的PV+细胞vglut1阳性增加，vgat阳性减少。此外，蔗糖的摄入增加了PV+细胞的兴奋性/抑制性结合的比例，表明PV+神经元间张力升高的可能性，导致BLA的应激性兴奋输出受到更大的抑制。这些研究结果表明，蔗糖消耗影响BLA中PV+中间神经元的PNN形成和结构可塑性，这对理解自然奖励应激恢复的神经机制具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Acute aerobic exercise ameliorates craving and attentional function in individuals with methamphetamine use disorders 急性有氧运动改善甲基苯丙胺使用障碍个体的渴望和注意功能。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114775

Mengya Li , Jianjing Jin , Xiaohui Zhai , Ting Zhu , Xixia Zhao , Dongshi Wang

Objective

Chronic methamphetamine use is frequently associated with impairments in the attentional network (alerting, orienting, conflict networks) and related brain regions, which significantly trigger METH-related cravings. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity acute aerobic exercise on cravings and attentional networks in individuals with methamphetamine use disorders (MUD).

Methods

Using a cross-over design, this study recruited 32 male MUDs to randomly complete a 30min moderate-intensity aerobics exercise condition (65%-75% HRmax) and an assigned material reading control condition, with a 7-day washout interval. All participants completed Visual Analog Scales before, during, and after exercise, until the HR dropped to 110% of the resting heart rate, in preparation for the Attention Network Test (ANT).

Results

The aerobic exercise significantly reduces the participants’ cravings. There were no differences observed in the efficiency of alerting and orienting networks between the aerobic exercise and control conditions, however, the efficiency of conflict network was enhanced after exercise. Furthermore, the results showed a significant negative correlation between the enhancements in conflict network efficiency and the reductions in post-exercise craving scores for both conditions.

Conclusion

Moderate-intensity acute aerobic exercise significantly improves the attentional network, especially enhancing the conflict network in individuals with MUD. Additionally, the improvement of the conflict network is closely related to the reduction in cravings in individuals with MUD, suggesting that aerobic exercise may reduce cravings through improvements in cognitive function.

目的：长期使用甲基苯丙胺通常与注意力网络（警报、定向、冲突网络）和相关大脑区域的损伤有关，这些区域会显著触发冰毒相关的渴望。本研究的目的是探讨中等强度的急性有氧运动对甲基苯丙胺使用障碍（MUD）个体的渴望和注意网络的影响。方法：采用交叉设计，本研究招募32名男性mud随机完成30分钟中等强度有氧运动条件（65-75% HRmax）和指定的材料阅读控制条件，并进行7天的洗脱期。所有参与者在运动前、运动中和运动后都完成了视觉模拟量表，直到心率降至静息心率的110%，为注意力网络测试（ANT）做准备。结果：有氧运动显著降低了参与者的渴望。在有氧运动和对照组之间，警觉性和定向性网络的效率没有差异，但冲突网络的效率在运动后有所提高。此外，结果显示冲突网络效率的提高与运动后渴望得分的降低之间存在显著的负相关。结论：中等强度的急性有氧运动可显著改善MUD个体的注意网络，尤其是冲突网络。此外，冲突网络的改善与MUD个体的渴望减少密切相关，这表明有氧运动可能通过改善认知功能来减少渴望。

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