Physiology & Behavior最新文献_第9页

Relationship between autonomic nervous function and brain functions such as memory and attention 自律神经功能与记忆力和注意力等大脑功能之间的关系。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114721

Sakura Tatsumi , Daisuke Kuratsune , Hirohiko Kuratsune

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between autonomic nervous function (ANF) and cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention, using the Kana pick-out test (KPT). The participants were 11 female college students aged 21 years old. Each participant completed the KPT ten times, during which their ANF was assessed via heart rate variability analysis. During the KPT, participants circled Japanese vowels in a 400-character story written in hiragana. We measured attention using the KPT score and assessed memory using a memory score based on ten descriptive questions about the story. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between higher KPT and memory scores, indicating a link between memory and attention. The parasympathetic sinus modulation marker, high-frequency component power (HF), decreased during the kana-picking task (Interval B) and recovered during the subsequent content verification task (Interval C). In Interval A (before the kana-picking task), the HF showed a positive correlation with both the KPT and memory scores. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between HF and memory scores during interval B. Other autonomic nervous indices, including low-frequency component power (LF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio, also showed significant correlations with KPT and memory scores. Our findings strongly suggest that ANF is intricately connected to cognitive functions, such as memory and attention. This indicates that monitoring ANF could provide a novel methodology for assessing learning and occupational efficiency.

本研究旨在通过卡纳剔除测试（KPT）评估自律神经功能（ANF）与记忆力和注意力等认知能力之间的关系。研究对象为 11 名 21 岁的女大学生。每位受试者都完成了十次 KPT，其间通过心率变异性分析对其 ANF 进行了评估。在 KPT 过程中，受试者在用平假名书写的 400 个字符的故事中圈出日语元音。我们使用 KPT 分数来测量注意力，并根据有关故事的十个描述性问题使用记忆分数来评估记忆力。统计分析显示，较高的 KPT 分数与记忆分数之间存在明显的正相关，这表明记忆与注意力之间存在联系。副交感神经窦调节标志物--高频成分功率（HF）在假名摘取任务（B 区间）期间下降，在随后的内容验证任务（C 区间）期间恢复。在 A 区间（假名拣选任务之前），高频与 KPT 和记忆得分均呈正相关。其他自律神经指数，包括低频分量功率（LF）、总功率（TP）和 LF/HF 比值，也与 KPT 和记忆得分呈显著相关。我们的研究结果有力地表明，ANF 与记忆和注意力等认知功能密切相关。这表明，监测 ANF 可以为评估学习和工作效率提供一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of music mood and binaural beats on academic advertising 音乐情绪和双耳节拍对学术广告的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114720

Fatih Baha Omeroglu, Yueqing Li, Victor Zaloom, James Curry, Alberto Marquez

How music affects our mood, cognition, and feelings has been studied extensively. Since the effect of music on mood and cognition has been demonstrated many times, it has found significant applications, particularly in advertising. In recent years, the use of music in advertising has grown significantly, with 86 % of advertisements now incorporating some form of musical stimuli. Our study specifically analyzed the effect of music mood in advertising while introducing the new concept of binaural beats. Conducted in a lab setting, the study incorporated biometric measures such as electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking to enhance the research. The results revealed that calming music combined with binaural beats led to the highest levels of information retention and engagement, as indicated by increased left frontal beta power, relative theta power, and area of interest (AOI) dwell time percentages. Left frontal beta power is associated with increased attention and cognitive engagement, while relative theta power is linked to enhanced memory encoding and relaxation. The area of interest (AOI) dwell time percentages reflects the time participants focused on key areas of the advertisement, indicating higher attention levels. Although the study found unique connections between music mood and binaural beats, calming music with binaural beats produced the most favorable conditions for attention and memory retention. These findings provide valuable guidelines for future marketing strategies, particularly in academic advertising.

人们对音乐如何影响我们的情绪、认知和情感进行了广泛的研究。由于音乐对情绪和认知的影响已被多次证实，它已被广泛应用，尤其是在广告中。近年来，音乐在广告中的应用大幅增加，目前有 86% 的广告都包含了某种形式的音乐刺激。我们的研究专门分析了广告中音乐情绪的影响，同时引入了双耳节拍这一新概念。这项研究在实验室环境中进行，采用了脑电图（EEG）和眼球跟踪等生物测量手段来加强研究。研究结果表明，平静的音乐与双耳节拍相结合，信息保持率和参与度最高，左前额β功率、相对θ功率和感兴趣区（AOI）停留时间百分比均有所提高。左额β功率与注意力和认知参与度的提高有关，而相对θ功率则与记忆编码的增强和放松有关。兴趣区域（AOI）停留时间百分比反映了参与者专注于广告关键区域的时间，表明注意力水平较高。尽管研究发现了音乐情绪与双耳节拍之间的独特联系，但带有双耳节拍的平和音乐对注意力和记忆保持最有利。这些发现为未来的营销策略，尤其是学术广告提供了宝贵的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Exercise intensity of virtual reality exergaming modulates the responses to executive function and affective response in sedentary young adults: A randomized, controlled crossover feasibility study 虚拟现实游戏的运动强度可调节久坐不动的年轻人的执行功能和情感反应：一项随机对照交叉可行性研究。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114719

Qian Gu , Jie Mao , Jinhai Sun , Wei-Peng Teo

Virtual reality (VR) exergaming is a novel strategy to encourage physical activity and boost emotional well-being. However, its effects on executive function (EF) are not fully understood. This study assessed the immediate and retention effects of immersive VR exergaming, at varying exercise intensities, on EF and affect among sedentary college students. Thirty participants (mean age = 22.2 ± 2.5 years; 18 females) underwent 15-minute sessions of moderate-intensity (MI), high-intensity (HI), and active-control intensity (AC) VR exergaming in a counterbalanced order. EF was evaluated using the Flanker, Task-switching, and N-back tasks before, immediately after, and 30 min post-intervention. Emotional valence and arousal were measured by the Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale, respectively. The inverse efficiency score (IES) results indicated that inhibitory control was higher following both MI and HI exergaming compared to AC (p < 0.05), with improvements sustained for 30 minutes HI VR exergaming showed the greatest improvement (p = 0.048). Both HI and MI also exhibited higher working memory capacity than AC (p < 0.05), with HI performing better (p = 0.039). No significant differences in task-switching performance were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). Emotional valence and arousal were significantly elevated immediately after and sustained for 30 minutes following MI and HI exergaming (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the cognitive and affective benefits of MI and HI VR exergaming in young adults, with HI VR exergaming showing longer-lasting improvements. These findings suggest that immersive VR exergaming can enhance both physical and cognitive health, potentially improving academic performance and daily functionality in collegiate populations.

虚拟现实（VR）益智游戏是一种鼓励体育锻炼和提高情绪健康的新策略。然而，人们对其对执行功能（EF）的影响还不完全了解。本研究评估了不同运动强度的沉浸式 VR 电子游戏对久坐不动的大学生的执行功能和情感的即时和持续影响。30名参与者（平均年龄为22.2±2.5岁；18名女性）按照平衡顺序分别接受了15分钟的中等强度（MI）、高强度（HI）和主动控制强度（AC）VR游戏。在干预前、干预后和干预后30分钟内，分别使用侧翼任务、任务切换和N-back任务对EF进行评估。情绪价值和唤醒分别通过感觉量表和感觉唤醒量表进行测量。反向效率评分（IES）结果表明，与 AC 相比，MI 和 HI 外部游戏后的抑制控制能力更高（P < 0.05），并且这种改善持续了 30 分钟。HI VR 发力游戏的改善幅度最大（p = 0.048）。HI 和 MI 的工作记忆能力也高于 AC（p < 0.05），其中 HI 表现更好（p = 0.039）。各组之间的任务切换能力没有明显差异（p > 0.05）。在进行 MI 和 HI 外部游戏后，情绪价值和唤醒度立即明显升高，并持续 30 分钟（p < 0.05）。这项研究表明，MI 和 HI VR 外部游戏对年轻人的认知和情感都有益处，其中 HI VR 外部游戏的改善效果更为持久。这些研究结果表明，沉浸式 VR 外部游戏可以增强体质和认知健康，从而提高大学生的学习成绩和日常功能。

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引用次数: 0

New insights into individual differences in response to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats with respect to hippocampal BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels 关于大鼠海马 BDNF 和 GSK3-β 表达水平对慢性不可预测轻度应激（CUMS）反应个体差异的新见解。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114718

Nastaran Talaee , Mehrnaz Azad Yekta , Salar Vaseghi

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown a wide-range of individual differences in response to stressors or novel environments which can affect the susceptibility to develop abnormal behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders. Both vulnerability and resiliency have been observed in animals and humans experiencing stressful events. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a rodent depression model consisting of various stressors. This protocol leads to depressive- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodents. The present study aimed to evaluate potential individual differences in response to CUMS in rats, with respect to the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycogen synthase kinases 3-beta (GSK3-β) (proteins involved in the modulation of mood, neuroplasticity, and cognition) in the hippocampus. CUMS was performed for four consecutive weeks. Depressive-like behavior, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and pain threshold were also evaluated using forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), and the hot plate (HP), respectively. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels. The results showed that CUMS rats can be classified as two clusters: affected and non-affected (depressed and non-depressed). Affected rats showed depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, decreased locomotor activity, and increased pain threshold. However, non-affected rats were similar to controls. In addition, there was a downregulation of BDNF and upregulation of GSK3-β in affected rats. Spearman correlation analysis also showed a relationship between BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels with individual differences. In conclusion, the present study showed that BDNF and GSK3-β may be involved in individual differences in CUMS rats.

临床前和临床研究表明，个体对压力源或新环境的反应存在很大差异，这可能会影响异常行为和神经精神疾病的易感性。在经历应激事件的动物和人类身上，都观察到了易感性和恢复力。慢性不可预测轻度应激（CUMS）是一种由各种应激源组成的啮齿动物抑郁模型。这种方案会导致啮齿动物出现类似抑郁和失调的行为。本研究旨在评估大鼠对 CUMS 反应的潜在个体差异，包括海马中脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 和糖原合酶激酶 3-beta (GSK3-β)（参与情绪、神经可塑性和认知调节的蛋白质）的表达水平。CUMS 连续进行了四周。此外，还分别使用强迫游泳试验（FST）、开阔地试验（OFT）和热板试验（HP）对抑郁样行为、运动活动、焦虑样行为和痛阈进行了评估。实时 PCR 被用来评估 BDNF 和 GSK3-β 的表达水平。结果显示，CUMS大鼠可分为两组：受影响和非受影响（抑郁和非抑郁）。受影响的大鼠表现出类似抑郁和焦虑的行为，运动活动减少，疼痛阈值升高。然而，未受影响的大鼠与对照组相似。此外，受影响大鼠的 BDNF 下调，GSK3-β 上调。斯皮尔曼相关分析还显示，BDNF 和 GSK3-β 表达水平之间存在个体差异。总之，本研究表明，BDNF和GSK3-β可能与CUMS大鼠的个体差异有关。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of age and proprioceptive illusion susceptibility on gait 年龄和体感幻觉对步态的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114717

Amy Morris , Corinne Masegian , Angela Zhang , Madelyn Carrillo , Brian Székely , Nicholas G. Murray , Fang Jiang

Objective

Age-related gait decline has been associated with impaired proprioception, one's internal awareness of spatial location and movement. Although impaired proprioception has further been linked to greater susceptibility to proprioceptive illusions, it is unclear the impact such susceptibility has on gait and its interaction with age. The purpose of this study was to address these uncertainties.

Methods

We measured proprioceptive illusions induced by muscle spindle manipulation and gait in young and older adults. We also compared illusory measures with traditionally used joint position matching to examine if illusory susceptibility can reveal proprioceptive impairments.

Results

We found no effect of age on proprioceptive illusion susceptibility or joint position matching error. Compared to non-perceivers, illusion perceivers across both age groups showed greater joint matching error, suggesting reduced proprioceptive acuity. Consistent with previous studies, older adults had reduced cadence, gait velocity, and step length compared to young adults in both single- and dual-task walking. Interestingly, illusion perceivers, regardless of age, showed reduced cadence and step width compared to non-perceivers.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that gait impairments observed in those who perceive these proprioceptive illusions are age-independent, potentially rooted in deteriorated proprioception.

Significance

This is the first study to examine these relations.

目的：与年龄相关的步态衰退与本体感觉受损有关，本体感觉是人对空间位置和运动的内部感知。虽然本体感觉受损还与本体感觉错觉的易感性有关，但这种易感性对步态的影响及其与年龄的相互作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在解决这些不确定因素：方法：我们测量了肌肉纺锤操纵和步态在年轻人和老年人中引起的本体感觉错觉。我们还将幻觉测量与传统的关节位置匹配进行了比较，以研究幻觉易感性是否能揭示本体感觉障碍：结果：我们发现年龄对本体感觉幻觉易感性或关节位置匹配误差没有影响。与非感知者相比，两个年龄组的幻觉感知者都表现出更大的关节匹配误差，表明本体感觉敏锐度降低。与之前的研究一致，在单任务和双任务行走中，老年人的步频、步速和步长都比年轻人要低。有趣的是，无论年龄大小，幻觉感知者的步频和步幅都比非感知者要小：我们的研究结果表明，在感知这些本体感觉幻觉的人身上观察到的步态障碍与年龄无关，其根源可能是本体感觉退化：这是第一项研究这些关系的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Nedl1 knockout impaired the learning and memory of mice Nedl1 基因敲除会损害小鼠的学习和记忆能力。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114716

Qian Lu , Meng-Jia Liu , Shu-Fang Guo , Ling-Qiang Zhang , Yang-Yang Wang , Li-Ping Zou

Background

Protein ubiquitination is a common post-translational modification involved in protein degradation and various life processes in cells. NEDL1 is a ubiquitin ligase that is highly expressed primarily in the brain. However, the functions of NEDL1 in social approach/novelty preference, anxiety, learning and memory remain poorly understood.

Methods

Nedl1 knockout mice (Nedl1^−/−) and wild-type mice (Nedl1^+/+) were tested using three-chamber test, elevated plus maze, and Barnes maze. Then, brain tissue was stained, and blood was collected for metabolic analysis.

Results

Compared with Nedl1^+/+ mice, Nedl1^−/− mice showed no differences in social approach/novelty preference and anxiety behavior. Nedl1^−/− mice displayed impaired learning and memory. Nedl1 knockout did not affect the number of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus. Astrocytes proliferated in the hippocampus of Nedl1^−/− mice. The amino acid metabolism of Nedl1^+/+and Nedl1^−/− mice is different, especially the increase in proline and tryptophan.

Conclusion

This study showed that Nedl1 knockout impaired learning and memory, which may be related to astrocyte proliferation and amino acid metabolism change. Nedl1 knockout did not affect social style/novelty preference and anxiety behavior in mice. The preliminary study of NEDL1 in neurobehavioral function could help understand the role of NEDL1 in the nervous system.

背景：蛋白质泛素化是一种常见的翻译后修饰，参与蛋白质降解和细胞中的各种生命过程。NEDL1 是一种泛素连接酶，主要在大脑中高度表达。然而，人们对NEDL1在社会接近/新奇偏好、焦虑、学习和记忆中的功能仍知之甚少：方法：对Nedl1基因敲除小鼠（Nedl1-/-）和野生型小鼠（Nedl1+/+）进行三室试验、高架加迷宫和巴恩斯迷宫测试。然后对脑组织进行染色，并采集血液进行代谢分析：结果：与Nedl1+/+小鼠相比，Nedl1-/-小鼠的社会接近/新奇偏好和焦虑行为没有差异。Nedl1-/-小鼠的学习和记忆能力受损。Nedl1 基因敲除不会影响海马中神经元和少突胶质细胞的数量。Nedl1-/-小鼠海马中的星形胶质细胞增生。Nedl1+/+和Nedl1-/-小鼠的氨基酸代谢不同，尤其是脯氨酸和色氨酸的增加：结论：本研究表明，Nedl1基因敲除会损害学习和记忆，这可能与星形胶质细胞增殖和氨基酸代谢改变有关。Nedl1基因敲除并不影响小鼠的社会风格/新奇偏好和焦虑行为。NEDL1在神经行为功能中的初步研究有助于了解NEDL1在神经系统中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Running-based food aversion learning in freely-fed and hydrated rats: Daily monitoring of running-induced nausea by measuring kaolin clay ingestion 自由进食和水合大鼠基于奔跑的食物厌恶学习通过测量高岭土摄入量监测跑步诱发恶心的日常情况

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114715

Sadahiko Nakajima

The main objective of this research was to demonstrate food aversion learning in rats with unrestricted access to food and water, using wheel running as the unconditioned stimulus. Experiment 1 showed that the target-running paired training group consumed a statistically smaller amount of the target food (tteok rice cakes) compared to the target/running unpaired control group, but the decrease in consumption over days in the paired group was not fully supported by a statistical test. Experiment 2a improved the methodology by familiarizing rats with tteok before training, which resulted in both a statistically significant group effect and a statistically significant daily decrease in tteok consumption. Experiment 2b demonstrated that tteok aversion could be reacquired after an extinction phase. These experiments indicate that running-based tteok aversion in non-deprived rats is a valid example of Pavlovian conditioning and suggest that wheel running can cause similar effects in unrestricted rats as observed in food- or water-restricted rats. Additionally, daily measurements of kaolin clay ingestion suggested that wheel running induced nausea in the rats of these experiments.

这项研究的主要目的是以车轮奔跑作为非条件刺激，证明大鼠在不受限制地获取食物和水的情况下进行食物厌恶学习。实验 1 显示，与目标/奔跑未配对的对照组相比，目标-奔跑配对训练组的目标食物（德叔年糕）消耗量在统计学上较小，但配对组消耗量在数天内的减少并没有得到统计学检验的充分支持。实验 2a 改进了实验方法，在训练前让大鼠熟悉德谷，结果在统计学上产生了显著的组间效应，并且在统计学上显著降低了德谷的日消耗量。实验 2b 表明，在经过消退阶段后，大鼠可以重新获得对德谷的厌恶感。这些实验表明，非剥夺性大鼠基于奔跑的手托厌恶是巴甫洛夫条件反射的一个有效例子，并表明车轮奔跑可以在非限制性大鼠身上产生与食物或水限制性大鼠类似的效果。此外，每天对高岭土摄入量的测量表明，在这些实验中，车轮跑会引起大鼠恶心。

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引用次数: 0

Does gaming keep subjects awake?: Subjective and objective sleep parameters following gaming in comparison to a passive control 游戏会让受试者保持清醒吗？游戏后的主观和客观睡眠参数与被动对照组的比较

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114714

Kristina Klier , André Alesi , Benedict Herhaus , Marius Keller , Jochen Hardt , Klara Brixius , Ingo Froböse , Matthias Wagner , Katja Petrowski

Objectives

Gaming is a global phenomenon often associated with impaired health and sleep patterns. Although the research activities are growing, the evidence to date is rare due to the various gaming titles and inconsistent study designs. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impact of excessive gaming in the evening on subjective as well as objective sleep parameters by focusing on specific game titles and assessing several evenings/nights using a mixed-methods approach.

Methods

A total of 33 experienced young male adults (23.00 ± 3.53 years old, ranked players in League of Legends or Counter-Strike: Global Offensive) took part. The individuals’ sleep parameters were assessed via diary and actigraphy. In randomized order, one week apart and for a duration of 120 min each, two study evenings were spent gaming, while the other two evenings were spent without digital media and gaming, but instead watching a nature documentary.

Results

No significant difference between the conditions were found (p > 0.05) in either the sleep duration nor the sleep quality. Daytime sleepiness was significantly increased after watching the documentary movie, when compared to gaming (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These results indicate that, one the one hand, the gaming activity leads to higher arousal and alertness as it requires concentration and dedication. On the other hand, this impact seems only short-term and does not necessarily affect sleep patterns. Future studies are needed to gain deeper insights, especially regarding the long-term health effects of gaming.

目标游戏是一种全球性现象，通常与健康受损和睡眠模式有关。虽然研究活动在不断增加，但由于游戏种类繁多，研究设计也不一致，迄今为止的证据还很少。因此，本研究采用混合方法，通过对特定游戏的关注和多个傍晚/夜晚的评估，旨在研究晚间过度游戏对主观和客观睡眠参数的影响：全球攻势）参加了此次活动。这些人的睡眠参数都是通过日记和动态心电图进行评估的。按照随机顺序，两个晚上用来玩游戏，另外两个晚上不使用数字媒体和玩游戏，而是观看自然纪录片，每次持续 120 分钟，间隔一周。结论这些结果表明，一方面，游戏活动会导致更高的唤醒度和警觉性，因为它需要专注和投入。另一方面，这种影响似乎只是短期的，并不一定会影响睡眠模式。未来的研究需要更深入的了解，尤其是游戏对健康的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

Differences in memory performance: The effects of sex and reproductive experience on object recognition memory in high- and low-yawning Sprague‒Dawley rats 记忆表现的差异：高打哈欠大鼠和低打哈欠大鼠的性别和繁殖经验对物体识别记忆的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114713

Lilia Díaz , Carmen Cortes , Araceli Ugarte , Angélica Trujillo , Jose R Eguibar

The novel object recognition (NOR) test is an efficient way to measure nonspatial memory in rodents. The NOR performance of female and male rats is sexually dimorphic because memory performance is better in the former than in the latter. In females, maternal experience enhances spatial memory. We used the NOR test to evaluate short- and long-term recognition memory in both sexes in the high- and low-yawning sublines of rats (HY and LY, respectively), which were generated via a strict inbreeding process from the Sprague‒Dawley (SD) strain for more than ninety generations. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of maternal experience using nulliparous, primiparous, biparous, and multiparous HY, LY and SD dams. Our results revealed that LY rats presented less thigmotaxis, with lower central square crosses and more vertical exploration in the open-field arena, suggesting that they experienced anxiety. Additionally, LY males performed significantly better than LY females in short- and long-term NOR memory, and LY males performed significantly better than SD rats did. Among females, two maternal experiences negatively affected short-term memory in the LY and HY sublines with respect to primiparous dams, and HY dams had better memory performance in the NOR test than did SD dams. Our findings suggest that the yawning sublines are suitable for studying the neurobiological basis of different memory processes under different endocrine conditions in highly inbred groups of rats.

新物体识别（NOR）测试是测量啮齿类动物非空间记忆的有效方法。雌鼠和雄鼠的 NOR 表现具有性别二态性，因为前者的记忆表现优于后者。在雌性大鼠中，母性经验会增强空间记忆。我们使用 NOR 测试评估了高打哈欠亚系和低打哈欠亚系大鼠（分别为 HY 和 LY）的短期和长期识别记忆。此外，我们还利用 HY、LY 和 SD 母鼠的单胎、初产、双胎和多胎经验评估了母体经验的影响。我们的结果显示，LY大鼠在开阔场地中表现出较低的前倾性、较低的中央方格交叉和更多的垂直探索，这表明它们经历过焦虑。此外，LY雄性大鼠的短期和长期NOR记忆表现明显优于LY雌性大鼠，LY雄性大鼠的表现明显优于SD大鼠。在雌性大鼠中，与初产母鼠相比，两种母性经历对 LY 和 HY 亚系的短期记忆产生了负面影响，而 HY 母鼠在 NOR 测试中的记忆表现要优于 SD 母鼠。我们的研究结果表明，打哈欠亚系适合用于研究高度近交系大鼠群体在不同内分泌条件下不同记忆过程的神经生物学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Obesity alters circadian and behavioral responses to constant light in male mice 肥胖会改变雄性小鼠对恒定光照的昼夜节律和行为反应

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Physiology & Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114711

Meredith E. Burns , Fernanda Medeiros Contini , Julie M. Michaud , Caitlin T. Waring , John C. Price , Alexander T. McFarland , Samantha G. Burke , Cloey A. Murphy , Grace E. Guindon , Merideth K. Krevosky , Joseph A. Seggio

Exposure to artificial light during the night is known to promote disruption to the biological clock, which can lead to impaired mood and metabolism. Metabolic hormone secretion is modulated by the circadian pacemaker and recent research has shown that hormones such as insulin and leptin can also directly affect behavioral outcomes and the circadian clock. In turn, obesity itself is known to modulate the circadian rhythm and alter emotionality. This study investigated the behavioral and metabolic effects of constant light exposure in two models of obesity – a leptin null mutant (OB) and diet-induced obesity via high-fat diet. For both experiments, mice were placed into either a standard Light:Dark cycle (LD) or constant light (LL) and their circadian locomotor rhythms were continuously monitored. After 10 weeks of exposure to their respective lighting conditions, all mice were subjected to an open field assay to assess their explorative behaviors. Their metabolic hormone levels and inflammation levels were also measured. Behaviorally, exposure to constant light led to increased period lengthening and open field activity in the lean mice compared to both obesity models. Metabolically, LL led to increased cytokine levels and poorer metabolic outcomes in both lean and obese mice, sometimes exacerbating the metabolic issues in the obese mice, independent of weight gain. This study illustrates that LL can produce altered behavioral and physiological outcomes, even in lean mice. These results also indicate that obesity induced by different reasons can lead to shortened circadian rhythmicity and exploratory activity when exposed to chronic light.

众所周知，夜间暴露在人造光下会扰乱生物钟，从而导致情绪和新陈代谢受损。代谢激素的分泌受昼夜节律起搏器的调节，最近的研究表明，胰岛素和瘦素等激素也会直接影响行为结果和昼夜节律。反过来，肥胖本身也会调节昼夜节律并改变情绪。本研究调查了两种肥胖模型中持续光照对行为和代谢的影响，一种是瘦素无效突变体（OB），另一种是通过高脂饮食诱发的肥胖。在这两项实验中，小鼠都被置于标准的光暗循环（LD）或恒定光照（LL）中，并持续监测它们的昼夜节律。在各自的光照条件下暴露10周后，所有小鼠都要接受开放场地试验，以评估它们的探索行为。此外，还测量了它们的代谢激素水平和炎症水平。从行为上看，与两种肥胖模型相比，暴露在恒定光照下会导致瘦小鼠的活动期延长和野外活动增加。在代谢方面，光照导致瘦小鼠和肥胖鼠的细胞因子水平升高，代谢结果变差，有时还会加剧肥胖鼠的代谢问题，而与体重增加无关。这项研究表明，即使在瘦小鼠中，LL 也能改变行为和生理结果。这些结果还表明，不同原因引起的肥胖在长期暴露于光照下会导致昼夜节律缩短和探索活动减少。

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