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Description of Cephalenchus regia n. sp. associated with Walnut (Juglans regia) from Lawat Kundiyan, District Neelum, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan 巴基斯坦阿扎德克什米尔地区尼勒姆地区Lawat Kundiyan胡桃(Juglans regia)相关胡桃(Juglans regia)的描述
4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.01.4463
Junaid Bashir, Tabassum Ara Khanum
Lawat Valley is one of the greenest valleys in Neelum District, situated near the bank of the Neelum River in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Surveys were conducted from seven different localities in the Lawat area of Neelum district during 2018-2020. A total of 250 samples of soil and roots were collected from areas where various fruits and vegetables were grown at a depth of 10-20 cm. The main objective of the survey was to study pathogenic nematodes and observe the incidence of diseases caused by parasitic nematodes. From Lawat Kundian, six nematode species were identified in apricot trees, and seven were identified in walnut trees, including a newly identified species, Cephalenchus regia. C. regia n.sp. was found in the soil around the dry fruit of walnut (Juglans regia) in Lawat Kundian. It differs from other species in having a longer stylet, pharynx, and tail (22-24; 115-130; 150-200 µm, respectively), as well as an anteriorly situated vulva (57.4 - 62.5%)
Lawat山谷是Neelum地区最绿色的山谷之一,位于巴基斯坦阿扎德克什米尔的Neelum河岸边。在2018-2020年期间,在尼勒姆县Lawat地区的七个不同地区进行了调查。从种植各种水果和蔬菜的地区收集了250个土壤和根系样本,深度为10-20厘米。调查的主要目的是研究病原线虫,观察寄生线虫引起的疾病的发病率。在Lawat Kundian,在杏树中鉴定出6种线虫,在核桃树中鉴定出7种线虫,其中包括新鉴定的一种Cephalenchus regia。regia的词性:在Lawat Kundian核桃(Juglans regia)干果周围的土壤中发现。它与其他种类的不同之处在于有较长的花柱、咽和尾巴(22-24;115 - 130;150-200µm),以及位于前面的外阴(57.4% - 62.5%)。
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引用次数: 0
Surveillance of Bacterial Canker of Peach in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and its Bio-Management 查谟克什米尔地区桃子细菌性溃疡病监测及生物防治
4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.01.4575
Basharat Mehmood, Muhammad Saeed, Asif Ur Rehman, Saqib Saleem, Muhammad Riaz Khan, Muhammad Tahir Younas, Muhammad Shafqat, Zahid Hussain Khan, Shafiq-ur- Rehman, Sajjad Hussain
Bacterial canker of peach caused by Pseudomonas syringae is an increasing problem in Azad Jammu Kashmir with more than 50 pathovars on the basis of host. A detailed survey was conducted in peach growing areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir for the determination of disease prevalence and incidence. Pathogen was isolated and characterized from the collected samples using LOPAT and GaTTA scheme. Furthermore the results of biochemical identification was confirmed using PCR followed by sequencing of obtained expected bands. For the bio-management of virulent pathogenic strains indigenous rhizobacterial isolates were obtained, characterized and evaluated using dual culture as well as in a greenhouse pot experiment against P. syringae pathovars. During a positive sampling method used for the surveillance it was found that maximum disease prevalence was 75% in district Bagh while there was 25% disease prevalence found in Haveli and Sudhanoti. Similarly maximum disease incidence was found in district Bagh that was 16%. A total of 32 isolates were recovered from the collected samples that were further screened on the basis of their virulence. It was found that the total of 18 isolates screened were similar to the already reported strains of P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) on the basis of biochemical and molecular tools. From total 17 rhizobacterial isolates recovered were subjected to dual culture technique and was found that 06 isolates showed promising zone of inhibition upto 11.5 mm. The results of greenhouse evaluation revealed that the minimum disease incidence was recorded 3% using R-9 and R-17 in consortium against Pss as compared to the control treatment (39%). It was concluded that the ecofriendly management practices against this destructive disease must be adopted and appreciated
由丁香假单胞菌引起的桃子细菌性溃疡病是阿扎德查谟克什米尔地区日益严重的问题,根据宿主有50多种病原体。在阿扎德查谟和克什米尔的桃子种植区进行了详细的调查,以确定疾病的患病率和发病率。采用LOPAT和GaTTA方法对病原菌进行分离鉴定。此外,生化鉴定结果经PCR验证,并对得到的预期条带进行测序。为了对毒力致病菌株进行生物管理,利用双重培养和温室盆栽试验,获得了本地根瘤菌分离株,并对其进行了鉴定和评价。在用于监测的阳性抽样方法中,发现巴格县的最高患病率为75%,而哈维利和Sudhanoti的最高患病率为25%。同样,巴格县的发病率最高,为16%。从收集的样本中共回收了32株分离株,并根据其毒力进一步筛选。结果表明,筛选到的18株分离株与已有报道的syringae pv菌株相似。基于生物化学和分子工具对紫丁香(Pss)的研究。对回收的17株根瘤菌进行双重培养,发现其中06株在11.5 mm以内具有良好的抑制区。温室评价结果显示,与对照处理(39%)相比,使用R-9和R-17联合防治Pss的最低发病率为3%。结论是,必须采用和赞赏针对这种破坏性疾病的生态友好管理做法
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引用次数: 1
Studies on the Efficacy of Heterogeneously Produced Pasteuria Penetrans (PP3) Isolate over Individual Pasteuria Isolates in the Spore Attachment, and Pathogenic Potential on Three Meloidogyne Species 异种产透性巴氏菌(PP3)分离物在孢子附着上对巴氏菌个体的影响及对三种长尾线虫致病潜力的研究
4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.01.4529
Muhammad Shahid, Simon R. Gowen, Muhammad Burhan, Zeeshan Niaz, Anwar ul Haq
The aim of the present test was to develop a Pasteuria penetrans isolate (Pp3) on a Meloidogyne blend and compare the attachment and pathogenic potential of this heterogeneously produced isolate with other Pp3 isolates produced on individual Meloidogyne species (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria). Number of spores attached varied among Meloidogyne spp. Pp3 isolate originally multiplied on M. javanica showed greater attachment level with second stage juveniles (J2s) of M. javanica (13.8) than other Meloidogyne spp. tested and lesser attachment was observed on J2s of a M. arenaria. The Pp3 isolate showed variable influence on the Meloidogyne spp. in suppressing root-knot disease. There was a significant difference in numbers of eggmasses produced by females of Meloidogyne spp. Higher numbers of eggmasses were recorded with females of M. arenaria (370) while fewer numbers of eggmasses were observed in treatment where M. javanica (245) was present. Root galling differed significantly among treatments (P0.01) and higher gall infestation was recorded in M. arenaria treatment (6.2) while lesser galling was observed in M. javanica treatment (4.4). Final female population also varied among treatments (P0.05) showing higher numbers of females in M. arenaria treatment (456) and fewer with M. javanica (398). Parasitism of females of Meloidogyne spp. by Pp3 differed significantly among treatments. Higher numbers of females infected with Pp3 spores were recorded among females of M. javanica (14.4) while lesser numbers of parasitized females were observed in M. arenaria treatment (9.8). There were significant variations in numbers of endospores/female produced by females of Meloidogyne spp. however egg set data did not differ in the treatments. The results showed that the Pp3 isolate was more pathogenic on M. javanica compared with other Meloidogyne spp. (M. incognita, M. arenaria and M blend). The Pp3 isolate was found compatible with different Meloidogyne spp. while M. arenaria proved the least good host to bacterial parasite
本试验的目的是在一种Meloidogyne混合物上培养出一种渗透巴氏菌分离物(Pp3),并将这种异质生产的分离物与在单个Meloidogyne物种(javanica Meloidogyne, M. incognita和M. arenaria)上生产的其他Pp3分离物的附着性和致病潜力进行比较。不同芽孢的附着孢子数存在差异,Pp3原株与爪哇绿僵菌2期幼虫的附着水平(13.8)高于其他菌株,而与沙棘绿僵菌2期幼虫的附着程度较低。Pp3分离物对Meloidogyne菌株抑制根结病表现出不同程度的影响。两种处理的卵数差异有统计学意义,其中沙棘棘球蚴(370粒)的卵数较多,爪牙棘球蚴(245粒)的卵数较少。不同处理间根瘤率差异极显著(P0.01),沙棘组根瘤率较高(6.2),土芹组根瘤率较低(4.4)。最终雌虫种群数量在不同处理间也存在差异(P0.05),沙粒稻组雌虫数量较多(456只),爪牙稻组雌虫数量较少(398只)。各处理间雌虫对Pp3的寄生率差异显著。染Pp3孢子的雌虫数量较多(14.4),而染Pp3孢子的雌虫数量较少(9.8)。在不同处理下,母株产生的内生孢子/雌株数有显著差异,但卵数无显著差异。结果表明,Pp3分离物对javanica的致病性高于其他Meloidogyne属(M. incognita、M. arenaria和M. blend)。Pp3分离物与不同的Meloidogyne属均有亲和性,而M. arenaria是最不适合细菌寄生的宿主
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引用次数: 3
Assessing the Efficacy of New Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termite 新型化学杀虫剂对地下白蚁的防治效果评价
4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.01.4448
Muhammad Shahid Nisar, Abdul Rashid, Muhammad Majid Mujtaba, Hassan Ramzan, Saba Malik
Termite attacks can significantly reduce crop and forest productivity by 10 to 25 percent, with traditional chemical insecticides commonly used in Pakistan. The present study, however, aimed to assess the effectiveness of ten different insecticides in controlling subterranean termites at various concentrations and time intervals. Fipronil and Chlorpyrifos were the most effective insecticides at a concentration of 125 ppm, resulting in 100% mortality rates after 24 hours of exposure, while Emamectin Benzoate had the lowest mortality rates, but gradually increased over time. All insecticides tested at a concentration of 250 ppm resulted in varying degrees of mortality rates, with Imidacloprid, Fipronil, and Bifenthrin being the most effective. At a concentration of 500 ppm, all insecticides were effective, with Imidacloprid showing the fastest onset of mortality. Similarly, all insecticides at a concentration of 1000 ppm were effective, with Fipronil being the most effective insecticide. The data suggested that some insecticides were more effective than others in controlling subterranean termites, and the duration of exposure also played a crucial role in the effectiveness of the insecticides. The study found that higher dosages of new chemistry-based termiticides result in maximum subterranean termite mortality after a minimum exposure time. Fipronil, Imidacloprid, and Bifenthrin were the most effective treatments achieving 100% termite mortality at specific dosages and exposure times, while Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate showed lower effectiveness. The new chemistry insecticides are considered eco-friendly, safe for humans and non-target fauna, and might be a competent choice for integrated pest management programs
白蚁攻击可使作物和森林生产力显著降低10%至25%,而巴基斯坦通常使用传统化学杀虫剂。然而,本研究旨在评估10种不同杀虫剂在不同浓度和时间间隔下对地下白蚁的控制效果。氟虫腈和毒死蜱在浓度为125 ppm时是最有效的杀虫剂,在接触24小时后死亡率为100%,而苯甲酸酯的死亡率最低,但随着时间的推移逐渐增加。在250 ppm浓度下测试的所有杀虫剂都造成不同程度的死亡率,吡虫啉、氟虫腈和联苯菊酯是最有效的。在浓度为500ppm时,所有杀虫剂都有效,吡虫啉显示出最快的死亡率。同样,所有浓度为1000 ppm的杀虫剂都有效,氟虫腈是最有效的杀虫剂。结果表明,某些杀虫剂对地下白蚁的防治效果优于其他杀虫剂,且杀虫剂的使用时间对其防治效果也有重要影响。研究发现,高剂量的新型化学杀白剂在最短的暴露时间后导致地下白蚁死亡率最高。在特定剂量和暴露时间下,氟虫腈、吡虫啉和联苯菊酯是达到100%白蚁死亡率的最有效的处理方法,而氯虫腈和苯甲酸埃马菌素的效果较低。新的化学杀虫剂被认为是生态友好的,对人类和非目标动物是安全的,可能是害虫综合治理计划的一个有效选择
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引用次数: 0
First Report of Leaf Blight of Jasminum sambac Caused by Bipolaris australiensis in Pakistan 巴基斯坦茉莉叶枯病报告初报
4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.01.4504
Maryam Nawaz, Nousheen Yousaf
During disease surveys of plants in 2021, leaf blight was observed on Jasminum sambac plants in City Housing Society, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Infection spots occurred on the margins of leaves in the form of large patches on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of J. sambac. These spots began as small necrotic spots and developed into irregular pale brown patches with black powder covering the surfaces. The causative organism was consistently isolated from infected leaves on potato dextrose agar. Based on morphological analysis, the species isolated from Jasminum sambac during this research belongs to the genus Bipolaris and has been identified as Bipolaris australiensis. This fungal species has not previously been reported on this host plant worldwide, and this fungal taxon has been characterized for the first time in detail from Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, J. sambac is a new host record for this fungal species in Pakistan and worldwide. A key to the identification of Pakistani species of the genus Bipolaris is presented in this paper
在2021年植物病害调查中,在巴基斯坦旁遮普省古吉兰瓦拉市城市住房协会的茉莉(Jasminum sambac)植物上观察到叶枯病。侵染斑主要出现在叶片边缘,并以大斑块的形式出现在三叶的背面和正面。这些斑点最初是小的坏死性斑点,后来发展成不规则的浅棕色斑块,表面覆盖着黑色粉末。在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上从感染叶片中分离出病原菌。经形态学分析,本研究从茉莉中分离得到的一种属双花属(Bipolaris),鉴定为澳大利亚双花属(Bipolaris australiensis)。该真菌种类在世界范围内未见报道,该真菌分类群首次在巴基斯坦被详细描述。据我们所知,J. sambac是巴基斯坦和世界范围内该真菌物种的新宿主记录。本文介绍了一种巴基斯坦双翅属植物的鉴定要点
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引用次数: 0
Symptomatology, Distribution and Incidence of Basal Stem Rot of Oil Palm in Côte d'Ivoire Côte科特迪瓦油棕基茎腐病的症状学、分布和发病率
4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.01.4473
Cissé Ismael Abraham, Kablan Kan Aurore Bel Martine, Diabaté Sékou, Koné Mongomaké
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a tree plant cultivated for its fruits, from which fatty substances are extracted for food and industrial uses. The oil palm sector has a positive impact on the socio-economic situation of producing countries such as Côte d’Ivoire. However, oil palm cultivation is subject to pests and pathologies, such as basal stem rot, which have been attacking Ivorian palm groves for several decade. This study was carried out to assess the spatial distribution and incidence of this pathology in the traditional oil palm cultivation area in Côte d'Ivoire. The method adopted for this study consisted of making an inventory of all the palm trees in a given plot, noting the presence or absence of symptoms of the disease and determining the incidence in each locality. The characteristic symptoms of the disease were observed: a pale appearance of the leaves, the arrows not open, the appearance of carpophore at the base of the stem or on root. Disease is present in the localities of Ehania, Eloka, Anguédédou, Boubo and Okroyo. But absent from the locality of Iboké. The incidence of the disease was between 0% Iboké and Ehania 1.15 %. This study establishes for the first time a summary map of the distribution of basal rot of the oil palm in Côte d'Ivoire
油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)是一种因其果实而种植的树木植物,从中提取的脂肪物质可用于食品和工业用途。油棕部门对生产国(如Côte科特迪瓦)的社会经济状况产生积极影响。然而,油棕种植受到害虫和病虫害的影响,例如基茎腐病,几十年来一直在袭击科特迪瓦棕榈林。本研究旨在评估该疾病在Côte科特迪瓦传统油棕种植区的空间分布和发病率。本研究采用的方法包括对给定地块的所有棕榈树进行清查,注意是否存在疾病症状,并确定每个地方的发病率。观察到该疾病的特征症状:叶片外观苍白,箭头不打开,茎基部或根部出现车孔。该疾病在埃哈尼亚、埃洛卡、安圭萨杰、博博和奥克罗约等地存在。但在伊博科伊地区却没有。该疾病的发病率在伊朗为0%,在伊朗为1.15%。本研究首次建立了Côte科特迪瓦油棕基底腐病分布的总结性地图
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引用次数: 0
Endophytic fungi of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) 榛子的内生真菌(Corylus avellana)
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.17221/133/2022-pps
R. Nicoletti, B. Zimowska
{"title":"Endophytic fungi of hazelnut (Corylus avellana)","authors":"R. Nicoletti, B. Zimowska","doi":"10.17221/133/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/133/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of fungicides and antagonistic marine-derived fungi on rice seedling promotion and rice sheath blight control 杀菌剂和拮抗海生真菌对水稻育苗和防治水稻纹枯病的影响
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.17221/95/2022-pps
T. Dethoup, Rotchana Klaram, A. Jantasorn
{"title":"Effects of fungicides and antagonistic marine-derived fungi on rice seedling promotion and rice sheath blight control","authors":"T. Dethoup, Rotchana Klaram, A. Jantasorn","doi":"10.17221/95/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/95/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular diagnosis of red rot of sugarcane in Pakistan and in vitro control of isolated pathogen using rhizobacteria 巴基斯坦甘蔗红腐病的分子诊断及根瘤菌离体防治
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.17221/45/2022-pps
Zimen Ahmad, Muhammad Asad Farooq, Amama Fatima, Syeda Gul Nisa, Sania Tabassum, Bushra Ismat, Sundus Waseem, U. Iqbal, Asma Akbar, U. Haroon, H. J. Chaudhary, Tauseef Tabassum, A. Dewidar, Abdullah Alaklabi, M. F. H. Munis
{"title":"Molecular diagnosis of red rot of sugarcane in Pakistan and in vitro control of isolated pathogen using rhizobacteria","authors":"Zimen Ahmad, Muhammad Asad Farooq, Amama Fatima, Syeda Gul Nisa, Sania Tabassum, Bushra Ismat, Sundus Waseem, U. Iqbal, Asma Akbar, U. Haroon, H. J. Chaudhary, Tauseef Tabassum, A. Dewidar, Abdullah Alaklabi, M. F. H. Munis","doi":"10.17221/45/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/45/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of temperature on the biological activity of selected nematode species (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under the conditions of their coexistence 温度对所选线虫物种(Steinermatidae和Heterorhabditidae)共存条件下生物活性的影响
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.17221/104/2022-pps
M. Dzięgielewska, K. Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Kruk
{"title":"The influence of temperature on the biological activity of selected nematode species (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under the conditions of their coexistence","authors":"M. Dzięgielewska, K. Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Kruk","doi":"10.17221/104/2022-pps","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/104/2022-pps","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20213,"journal":{"name":"Plant protection science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Plant protection science
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