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Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1998. Celebrating 50 Years (Cat. No.98CH36185)最新文献

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Multilayer capacitors in polycrystalline diamond by rapid thermal annealing 快速热退火制备多晶金刚石多层电容器
P. Kosel, R. Monreal, S. Fries-Carr, J. Weimer, S. Heidger, R. Wu
Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) can be grown over a range of thicknesses from 2 /spl mu/m to over 200 /spl mu/m by a variety of techniques. The PCD films can be obtained with very high resistivities exceeding 10/sup 11/ /spl Omega/-cm or they can be doped with boron to produce high resistance conductors. Metal bonds to polycrystalline diamond (PCD) are important for the realization of ohmic contacts for electronic devices and the adhesion of PCD films to various materials in the fabrication of PCD-based sensors and actuators. We have investigated the formation of titanium contacts on PCD and aluminum silicide bonding of the PCD films to a variety of substrates by rapid thermal techniques. All high temperature process times were kept to 2.5 minutes and only the maximum temperature was varied for optimum results in each sintering step. Two alternative rapid thermal processing systems were used: (a) a cylindrical cavity system with a narrow area coverage for the formation of titanium carbide and titanium silicide bonds, and (b) a rectangular cavity system with large area coverage for the formation of aluminum silicide bonds. The cylindrical cavity system was capable of achieving higher temperatures and was, therefore, used for the formation of the Ti/PCD and Ti/Si contacts. Optimum sintering temperatures were found to be: 885/spl plusmn/15/spl deg/C for Ti/PCD contacts, 710/spl plusmn/5/spl deg/C for Ti/Si and 650/spl deg/C for Al/Si for 36 /spl mu/m thick aluminum foil. Argon gas was used for the ambient in all sintering operations.
聚晶金刚石(PCD)可以通过各种技术生长出从2 /spl μ m到200 /spl μ m以上的厚度范围。PCD薄膜可以获得非常高的电阻率,超过10/sup / 11/ /spl ω /-cm,或者它们可以掺杂硼以产生高电阻导体。多晶金刚石(PCD)上的金属键对于实现电子器件的欧姆接触和PCD薄膜与各种材料的粘附是非常重要的。我们研究了PCD上钛触点的形成,以及PCD薄膜与各种衬底的硅化铝键合。所有的高温过程时间都保持在2.5分钟,并且在每个烧结步骤中只改变最高温度以获得最佳效果。采用了两种可选的快速热处理系统:(a)覆盖面积窄的圆柱形腔系统,用于形成碳化钛和硅化钛键;(b)覆盖面积大的矩形腔系统,用于形成硅化铝键。圆柱形腔系统能够达到更高的温度,因此用于Ti/PCD和Ti/Si触点的形成。结果表明:Ti/PCD触点的最佳烧结温度为885/spl plusmn/15/spl℃,Ti/Si的最佳烧结温度为710/spl plusmn/5/spl℃,Al/Si的最佳烧结温度为650/spl℃。在所有烧结操作中,氩气作为环境气体。
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引用次数: 0
Mission success: meeting the systems acquisition challenge with electronic systems design automation 任务成功:通过电子系统设计自动化满足系统采办的挑战
G. D. Peterson, M. Mills
The ever-increasing complexity of electronic systems and interdependency of hardware and software throughout the system life cycle makes it imperative to develop effective electronic design automation languages, methodologies, and tools. Commercial systems face increasing complexity and performance requirements, while achieving decreasing times to market and maximizing profits despite shrinking product life-cycles. Defense systems face similar issues, but must also support life cycles spanning years or decades, thus requiring redesign support or prevention of parts obsolescence challenges. For cost-effective development of systems in this context, design teams need to exploit the best commercial and defense design practices and adapt them as needed to also support concurrent engineering considerations. This paper explores requirements for the emerging system level design language and the methodological needs for it to support multi-disciplinary design, including hardware software co-design, mechanical and packaging support, concurrent engineering, test, and related issues. By employing these techniques and representations, weapons systems acquisition programs will reduce technical, cost, and schedule risk to help ensure mission success.
在整个系统生命周期中,电子系统的复杂性不断增加,硬件和软件的相互依赖性使得开发有效的电子设计自动化语言、方法和工具势在必行。商业系统面临着日益增加的复杂性和性能要求,同时在缩短产品生命周期的情况下实现产品上市时间和利润最大化。国防系统面临着类似的问题,但也必须支持跨越数年或数十年的生命周期,因此需要重新设计支持或防止零件过时的挑战。在这种情况下,为了经济有效地开发系统,设计团队需要利用最佳的商业和防御设计实践,并根据需要调整它们,以支持并发工程考虑。本文探讨了新兴系统级设计语言的需求,以及支持多学科设计的方法需求,包括硬件软件协同设计、机械和封装支持、并行工程、测试和相关问题。通过采用这些技术和表示,武器系统采办计划将降低技术、成本和进度风险,以帮助确保任务成功。
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引用次数: 0
Airplane trajectory control at the stage of rendezvous with maneuvering object algorithms synthesis 飞行器交会阶段轨迹控制与机动目标算法的综合
O. Yakimenko, V. Dobrokhodov
It's considered the capability of developed before simplified modification of direct method of boundary trajectory optimizational tasks with the fixed edges conditions solution application for formation of near-optimal trajectories in tasks with mobile right end. The possibility and expediency of permissible controls class expansion is investigated from the standpoint of labor input of solution obtaining and effectiveness of this solution. Examples of particular quasi-optimal solutions are discussed. The applicability of the developed algorithms both for mathematical modeling on fixed computers and for realization in onboard pilot's control actions during maneuvering support system (system of real time) is evaluated.
考虑了固定边条件下边界轨迹优化任务直接法的简化修正前发展的能力,求解了右端可移动任务近最优轨迹形成问题的应用。从解获取的劳动投入和解的有效性两方面考察了允许控制类扩展的可能性和方便性。讨论了一类特殊拟最优解的例子。评估了所开发算法在固定计算机上的数学建模和在操纵支持系统(实时系统)中舰载飞行员控制动作实现中的适用性。
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引用次数: 7
Parallel computation of the partially distributed control of the Schrodinger equation 薛定谔方程部分分布控制的并行计算
F. Ahmed, M. Atiqullah, T. Svobodny
A parallel algorithm for the computation of the control that steers the zero state of Schrodinger equation to an arbitrary state has been investigated. The control is partially distributed on a subset of the state domain. We report the difficulties encountered, as well as the attempts to surmount them taking into account the capabilities of parallel computing facilities. We discuss the inherent parallelization of the solution to the problem and some algorithms for its implementations. The results of computations done on vectored (Cray Y-MP) and parallel machines (CM-200) are presented.
研究了一种求解薛定谔方程零态到任意态控制的并行算法。控件部分分布在状态域的子集上。我们报告了遇到的困难,以及考虑到并行计算设施的能力,克服这些困难的尝试。我们讨论了该问题的固有并行化解及其实现的一些算法。给出了在矢量机(Cray Y-MP)和并行机(CM-200)上的计算结果。
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引用次数: 0
Formal verification and legacy redesign 正式的验证和遗留的重新设计
F.C.D. Young, J.A. Houston
Sustaining weapons system hardware and software represents a significant and ever-increasing portion of total system cost. Hardware components are becoming obsolete much sooner while weapons system lifetimes are increasing. We must identify more cost-effective solutions to engineering and reengineering these subsystems. Verifying and validating weapons systems are two of the most costly parts of either engineering process. Traditionally, hardware validation and verification is done by simulation and testing. In the past few years, math-and logic-based formal methods tools have begun to scale up to and be applied successfully to real-world problems. Incorporating formal verification methods into engineering and reengineering processes will cost-effectively and significantly improve the level of trust and the quality of our weapons systems. Formal methods are especially well suited for redesigning current weapon systems which have become unsupportable due to component obsolescence because they help minimize the astronomical costs of rigorously reverifying the reengineered components. We believe that formal methods are an important tool for effective engineering of future weapon systems.
维持武器系统硬件和软件在系统总成本中所占比例显著且不断增加。硬件部件变得过时得更快,而武器系统的寿命却在增加。我们必须确定对这些子系统进行工程和再工程的更具成本效益的解决方案。核查和验证武器系统是任何一个工程过程中最昂贵的两个部分。传统上,硬件验证是通过仿真和测试来完成的。在过去的几年里,基于数学和逻辑的形式化方法工具已经开始扩大规模,并成功地应用于现实世界的问题。将正式核查方法纳入工程和再工程过程将具有成本效益和显著地提高我们武器系统的信任水平和质量。正式方法特别适合于重新设计由于部件过时而变得无法支持的当前武器系统,因为它们有助于最大限度地减少严格重新设计部件的天文成本。我们认为形式化方法是未来武器系统有效工程设计的重要工具。
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引用次数: 3
Operationally capable lidar 可操作的激光雷达
J. Carr, J. Root, R. Fetner, R. Richmond
The Airdrop Ballistic Winds (ABW) team, within the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Electro-Optic (EO) Sensor Technology Division, Multi-Function EO Branch (AFRL/SNJM), at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, is preparing to flight test a 2 micron laser radar (lidar) inside a modified C-130 fuel pod. This system, called the Operationally Capable Lidar (OCL), is designed to provide real-time, 3-Dimensional maps of wind fields between the aircraft and the ground, and is expected to significantly improve airdrop accuracy from high altitudes. This paper briefly describes the wind profiling system, the Precision Airdrop Simulation (PADS), and upcoming flight test activities, including the Precision Airdrop Integrated Demonstration which will be conducted at Yuma Proving Grounds (YPG), Arizona, from 29 August through 12 September 1998.
位于俄亥俄州赖特-帕特森空军基地的空军研究实验室、传感器局、电光传感器技术部、多功能光电分部(AFRL/SNJM)的空投弹道风(ABW)小组正准备在一架改进型C-130燃料吊舱内进行2微米激光雷达(lidar)的飞行测试。该系统被称为可操作激光雷达(OCL),旨在提供飞机和地面之间风场的实时三维地图,并有望显著提高高空空投的精度。本文简要介绍了风廓线系统、精确空投模拟(PADS)和即将进行的飞行试验活动,包括将于1998年8月29日至9月12日在亚利桑那州尤马试验场(YPG)进行的精确空投综合演示。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient edge enhancement using real time optical correlation 利用实时光学相关的有效边缘增强
B. Y. Soon, M. Karim, M. Alam
In recent years, feature extraction using an optical correlator shows promising edge enhancement potential. Hereby, we investigate the performance of the Laplace and Sobel operators in feature extraction for multiple targets. The undesired terms such as the zero-order and false alarm terms are removed by the power spectrum subtraction technique. Also, the separated target and reference planes method is incorporated into the joint wavelet transform correlator to maximize the space-bandwidth product of a magneto-optic spatial light modulator. A cost effective and efficient optoelectronic hardware is proposed for realtime optical correlation. The aforementioned result is verified by computer simulation for both cases; in noise free and in overlapping additive noise corruption situations using both the Laplace and Sobel operators. The Laplace operator could be implemented with lesser steps and is most appropriate for real-time correlation. The Sobel operator yields better edge information and has higher tolerance to noise corruption but required additional correlation steps at the expense of more computation time.
近年来,利用光学相关器进行特征提取显示出良好的边缘增强潜力。因此,我们研究了拉普拉斯算子和索贝尔算子在多目标特征提取中的性能。通过功率谱减法技术去除零阶和虚警项等不需要的项。同时,在联合小波变换相关器中引入分离目标面和参考面方法,使磁光空间光调制器的空间带宽积最大化。提出了一种经济高效的实时光学相关光电硬件。对两种情况进行了计算机模拟,验证了上述结果;在无噪声和重叠的加性噪声破坏情况下使用拉普拉斯算子和索贝尔算子。拉普拉斯算子可以用较少的步骤实现,并且最适合于实时关联。Sobel算子产生更好的边缘信息,对噪声损坏有更高的容忍度,但需要额外的相关步骤,代价是更多的计算时间。
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引用次数: 1
The conundrum of software estimation models 软件评估模型的难题
D. Ferens
There are many sophisticated models and methods for estimating the size, cost, and schedule of software projects. However, the ability to accurately estimate software cost, size, or schedule is still dubious. In general the predictive accuracy of models for estimating software development cost and schedule has not been shown to be better than "within 25 percent of actual cost or schedule, about one half of the time", especially for Department of Defense software efforts. The same is true for software size estimating models and methods, although there are some studies that have shown superior results. For software support (or maintenance) cost estimation, no model has been demonstrated to be accurate. This paper presents a summary of efforts performed to date which demonstrate the accuracy (or lack thereof) of software models. The results of several studies in the areas of software development cost and schedule estimation, size estimation, and support cost estimation are presented to show what these models can and can not do. Some ideas for improvement are also presented, including the results of some studies which may lead to a resolution of the accuracy conundrum which currently exists.
有许多复杂的模型和方法用于估算软件项目的规模、成本和进度。然而,准确估计软件成本、大小或进度的能力仍然是可疑的。一般来说,用于估计软件开发成本和进度的模型的预测准确性没有被证明比“在实际成本或进度的25%之内,大约一半的时间”更好,特别是对于国防部的软件工作。软件大小估计模型和方法也是如此,尽管有一些研究已经显示出更好的结果。对于软件支持(或维护)成本估算,没有模型被证明是准确的。本文对迄今为止所做的工作进行了总结,这些工作证明了软件模型的准确性(或缺乏准确性)。在软件开发成本和进度估计、规模估计和支持成本估计领域的几个研究结果显示了这些模型能做什么和不能做什么。提出了一些改进的想法,包括一些可能导致解决目前存在的准确性难题的研究结果。
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引用次数: 24
A VHDL-AMS mixed-signal, mixed-technology design tool 一个VHDL-AMS混合信号、混合技术设计工具
S. Drager, H. Carter, H. Hirsch
This paper describes an Air Force Research Laboratory (formerly Rome Laboratory) development program entitled "Mixed Signal Technology Integration Environment," or "MISTIE." The technologies and tools developed under this program improve a designer's capability to deal with the increasing complexity of today's analog, mixed-signal and mixed-technology designs, as a simulator and design environment for VHDL-AMS (VHDL extensions for Analog and mixed Signal as defined by IEEE 1076. 1). The tool suite integrates analog and digital simulation kernels with support tools, to provide a complete analog and mixed signal or mixed technology design environment.
本文描述了一项名为“混合信号技术集成环境”或“MISTIE”的空军研究实验室(原罗马实验室)开发计划。作为IEEE 1076定义的VHDL- ams(模拟和混合信号的VHDL扩展)的模拟器和设计环境,在该计划下开发的技术和工具提高了设计人员处理当今日益复杂的模拟、混合信号和混合技术设计的能力。1).工具套件将模拟和数字仿真内核与支持工具集成在一起,提供完整的模拟和混合信号或混合技术设计环境。
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引用次数: 2
Recoded and nonrecoded trinary signed-digit multipliers designs using redundant bit representations 使用冗余位表示的重新编码和非重新编码的三位有符号数字乘法器设计
A. Cherri, M. S. Alam
Recently, highly-efficient two-step recoded and one-step nonrecoded trinary signed-digit (TSD) carry-free adder/subtracter has been presented based on redundant bit representation (RBR) for the operands digits where it has been shown that only 24 (30) minterms are needed to implement the two-step recoded TSD (the one-step nonrecoded) addition for any operand length. In this paper, we present four different multiplication designs based on our proposed recoded and nonrecoded TSD adders. Our multiplication designs require a small number of reduced minterms to generate the multiplication partial products.
最近,基于冗余位表示法(RBR),提出了高效的两步编码和一步非编码三进制有符号数字(TSD)免进位加/减法,并证明对任何操作数长度,只需24(30)个最小项即可实现两步编码TSD(一步非编码)加法。在本文中,我们提出了四种不同的基于我们提出的重新编码和非重新编码的TSD加法器的乘法设计。我们的乘法设计需要少量的最小化项来生成乘法的偏积。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1998. Celebrating 50 Years (Cat. No.98CH36185)
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