Feruza I. Babadjanova, Khurshida A. Ubaydullaeva, Akmal M. Asrorov, Bakhtiyor K. Rakhmanov, Adkham N. Abdullaev, Abduvakhid A. Bolkiev, Sadulla A. Abdullaev, Jakhongir B. Eshmurzaev, Zabardast T. Buriev
Somatic embryos play a pivotal role in the production of high-quality potatoes and seed breeding. This study focused on determining the concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) in the formation of callus tissue and callus induction. Our goal was to assess the efficiency of potato explants with the highest potential for somatic embryo production. To achieve this, we cultivated Sarnav and Desiree potato varieties under in vitro tissue culture conditions, utilizing the obtained tissue cultures for subsequent experiments. The MS nutrient media were enriched with NAA and BAP at ratios of 1.5: 1, 1: 1.5, and 1: 1 mg/L, along with NAA concentrations of 1.5, 1, or 2 mg/L. Somatic embryogenesis experiments were conducted using various MS nutrient media, enriched with BAP and GA3 at concentrations of 1: 0.5, 0.4: 0.1, 0.5: 0.2, and 0.1: 0.1 mg/L of plant growth regulators. During the course of the study, diverse callus formations were observed in both leaf and internodal stem explants. Among the nutrient media, the M2 medium enriched with 1: 1.5 mg/L of NAA and BAP yielded the highest callus formation rates: 92% for the Desiree variety and 100% for the Sarnav variety, specifically in internodal stem explants. Notably, the index of embryo formation in leaf explants selected for somatic embryogenesis within the SE4 medium was 70% for the Sarnav variety and 65% for the Desiree variety. The inclusion of BAP and GA3 at a ratio of 0.1: 0.1 mg/l in the SE4 nutrient medium resulted in somatic embryogenesis in 80% of calli for the Sarnav variety and 78% for the Desiree variety. These findings underscore the potential for regenerating plants through somatic embryogenesis in the Sarnav potato variety, a significant development with implications for genetic transformation studies involving this particular variety.
{"title":"Effects of plant growth regulators on callogenesis and embryogenesis in sarnav and desiree potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties","authors":"Feruza I. Babadjanova, Khurshida A. Ubaydullaeva, Akmal M. Asrorov, Bakhtiyor K. Rakhmanov, Adkham N. Abdullaev, Abduvakhid A. Bolkiev, Sadulla A. Abdullaev, Jakhongir B. Eshmurzaev, Zabardast T. Buriev","doi":"10.14719/pst.2428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2428","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryos play a pivotal role in the production of high-quality potatoes and seed breeding. This study focused on determining the concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) in the formation of callus tissue and callus induction. Our goal was to assess the efficiency of potato explants with the highest potential for somatic embryo production. To achieve this, we cultivated Sarnav and Desiree potato varieties under in vitro tissue culture conditions, utilizing the obtained tissue cultures for subsequent experiments. The MS nutrient media were enriched with NAA and BAP at ratios of 1.5: 1, 1: 1.5, and 1: 1 mg/L, along with NAA concentrations of 1.5, 1, or 2 mg/L. Somatic embryogenesis experiments were conducted using various MS nutrient media, enriched with BAP and GA3 at concentrations of 1: 0.5, 0.4: 0.1, 0.5: 0.2, and 0.1: 0.1 mg/L of plant growth regulators. During the course of the study, diverse callus formations were observed in both leaf and internodal stem explants. Among the nutrient media, the M2 medium enriched with 1: 1.5 mg/L of NAA and BAP yielded the highest callus formation rates: 92% for the Desiree variety and 100% for the Sarnav variety, specifically in internodal stem explants. Notably, the index of embryo formation in leaf explants selected for somatic embryogenesis within the SE4 medium was 70% for the Sarnav variety and 65% for the Desiree variety. The inclusion of BAP and GA3 at a ratio of 0.1: 0.1 mg/l in the SE4 nutrient medium resulted in somatic embryogenesis in 80% of calli for the Sarnav variety and 78% for the Desiree variety. These findings underscore the potential for regenerating plants through somatic embryogenesis in the Sarnav potato variety, a significant development with implications for genetic transformation studies involving this particular variety.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"62 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huy Duc Van, Ly Thi Thao Nguyen, Nhan Lu Chinh Phan, Thuy Thi Thanh Dao, Long Thanh Le, Nhu Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Huynh Ton Ngoc Nguyen, Loan Thi Tung Dang
Drug strategy is a standard method for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence, which may cause side effects. Therefore, natural compounds with limited adverse effects have come back into vogue for treating T2D. This study aims to evaluate the effects on rehabilitating hyperglycemic mice of cashew nut testa (husk) extract and fraction known as potential bio-substances for improvement in T2D. First, the hyperglycemic mice were induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, dozen for injection was 40 mg/kg/week) for 2 weeks. Next, the confirmed hyperglycemic mice were treated with pioglitazone (HG+PG group), total extract (HG+TE group), and saponin-rich fraction (HG+SRF group) for 3 weeks. Then, the evaluation was based on body mass; blood glucose (BG) level; BG tolerance, lipid profile, pancreatic histology and the expression IRS-1 in the pancreas. The results showed that body mass and BG level significantly increased in hyperglycemic mice. After substance treatment, there was no change in body mass in TE and SRF groups. However, BG level of HG+TE group mice significantly decreased compared to hyperglycemic mice and only BG tolerance of HG+SRF group was improved. Besides, HG+TE and HG+SRF groups modulated the triglyceride, HDL and LDL close to those expressed in normal mice. In addition, histological images of the pancreas revealed the restoration in both HG+TE and HG+SRF groups. Simultaneously, the IRS-1 expression in HG+TE group pancreas was restored to its expression in normal mice. These results demonstrate that the TE and SRF of cashew nut testa could ameliorate BG, lipid profile and pancreatic IRS-1 expression and restore the damaged pancreas and islets in hyperglycemic mice.
{"title":"Extract and fraction of cashew nut testa ameliorate the hyperglycemic mice induced by Streptozotocin and high-fat diet","authors":"Huy Duc Van, Ly Thi Thao Nguyen, Nhan Lu Chinh Phan, Thuy Thi Thanh Dao, Long Thanh Le, Nhu Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Huynh Ton Ngoc Nguyen, Loan Thi Tung Dang","doi":"10.14719/pst.2697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2697","url":null,"abstract":"Drug strategy is a standard method for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence, which may cause side effects. Therefore, natural compounds with limited adverse effects have come back into vogue for treating T2D. This study aims to evaluate the effects on rehabilitating hyperglycemic mice of cashew nut testa (husk) extract and fraction known as potential bio-substances for improvement in T2D. First, the hyperglycemic mice were induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, dozen for injection was 40 mg/kg/week) for 2 weeks. Next, the confirmed hyperglycemic mice were treated with pioglitazone (HG+PG group), total extract (HG+TE group), and saponin-rich fraction (HG+SRF group) for 3 weeks. Then, the evaluation was based on body mass; blood glucose (BG) level; BG tolerance, lipid profile, pancreatic histology and the expression IRS-1 in the pancreas. The results showed that body mass and BG level significantly increased in hyperglycemic mice. After substance treatment, there was no change in body mass in TE and SRF groups. However, BG level of HG+TE group mice significantly decreased compared to hyperglycemic mice and only BG tolerance of HG+SRF group was improved. Besides, HG+TE and HG+SRF groups modulated the triglyceride, HDL and LDL close to those expressed in normal mice. In addition, histological images of the pancreas revealed the restoration in both HG+TE and HG+SRF groups. Simultaneously, the IRS-1 expression in HG+TE group pancreas was restored to its expression in normal mice. These results demonstrate that the TE and SRF of cashew nut testa could ameliorate BG, lipid profile and pancreatic IRS-1 expression and restore the damaged pancreas and islets in hyperglycemic mice.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirzakhmedov Mukhammadjon, K Kamalova Lola, S Ayubov Mirzakamol, T Normurodova Kunduz, A Ubaydullaeva Khurshida, T Buriev Zabardast, Y Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim
Among the most widely grown cereal crops is maize, which is a staple food for millions of people worldwide. It is primarily used for human consumption in various forms, animal feed, and industrial applications. In many countries like Mexico, Africa, and South America, it is the main source of calories in their daily diet, making it crucial for food security. Many nations worldwide are more at risk of drought as global warming continues to accelerate. One of the major hurdles to food production in the twenty-first century and a serious threat to our present and future food security is a water crisis. Crop failure due to water scarcity can put millions of lives at risk. Along with traditional breeding, transgenic approaches are an essential tool in modern plant breeding. They allow the introduction of beneficial genes from other organisms or within the same organism to improve plant characteristics. This review focuses on specific genes that are stably expressed and tested for drought tolerance in maize. Several genes have been identified as potential targets for improving drought tolerance in maize. Although mechanisms of target genes overlap to some extent, we attempted to divide the selected research articles according to the mechanism of the targeted gene into categories and reviewed them.
{"title":"Target genes utilized for drought tolerance enhancement in maize","authors":"Mirzakhmedov Mukhammadjon, K Kamalova Lola, S Ayubov Mirzakamol, T Normurodova Kunduz, A Ubaydullaeva Khurshida, T Buriev Zabardast, Y Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim","doi":"10.14719/pst.2561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2561","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most widely grown cereal crops is maize, which is a staple food for millions of people worldwide. It is primarily used for human consumption in various forms, animal feed, and industrial applications. In many countries like Mexico, Africa, and South America, it is the main source of calories in their daily diet, making it crucial for food security. Many nations worldwide are more at risk of drought as global warming continues to accelerate. One of the major hurdles to food production in the twenty-first century and a serious threat to our present and future food security is a water crisis. Crop failure due to water scarcity can put millions of lives at risk. Along with traditional breeding, transgenic approaches are an essential tool in modern plant breeding. They allow the introduction of beneficial genes from other organisms or within the same organism to improve plant characteristics. This review focuses on specific genes that are stably expressed and tested for drought tolerance in maize. Several genes have been identified as potential targets for improving drought tolerance in maize. Although mechanisms of target genes overlap to some extent, we attempted to divide the selected research articles according to the mechanism of the targeted gene into categories and reviewed them.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Ayubov Mirzakamol, M Asrorov Akmal, M. Darmanov Mukhtor, E. Narmatov Sardor, Mamajanov Akramjon, E Bozorov Ilhomjon, N Khusenov Naim, Matusikova Ildiko, T Buriev Zabardast, Y Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim
Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, water reservoirs are drying, soil erosion is becoming more serious, and salinity areas are expanding worldwide. Among these disasters, soil salinization is one of the serious issues that affect agricultural production, with significant effects on plant development. Although plants have a solid adaptation to severe environmental conditions, their vulnerability to some abiotic stresses is still preserved in the plant genome. Cotton is a salt stress-tolerant crop among other main cash crops. However, its tolerance is limited in overwatered soil conditions or water-deficient soil. Several research investigations have been carried out to date to better understand salinity stress responses in various cotton species. The accumulation of salt due to irrigation-dependent practices exerts an adverse impact on crop productivity. However, this deleterious effect can be mitigated through a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which certain plants flourish under saline conditions. Over the past few decades, there has been a notable augmentation in mechanistic comprehension, leading to the initiation of discovery-oriented methodologies aimed at discerning the genetic determinants of salt tolerance. Recent studies are showing the results of the manipulation of some important genes and proteins for salt tolerance using modern approaches. The identification of salt-resistance genes from salt-tolerant germplasm resources plays an essential role in improving the yield of cotton in saline soils. In this paper, we reviewed what has been achieved in cotton in terms of the development of its salt tolerance using genetic engineering.
{"title":"A review of approaches to enhance salt stress tolerance in cotton by genetic engineering","authors":"S Ayubov Mirzakamol, M Asrorov Akmal, M. Darmanov Mukhtor, E. Narmatov Sardor, Mamajanov Akramjon, E Bozorov Ilhomjon, N Khusenov Naim, Matusikova Ildiko, T Buriev Zabardast, Y Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim","doi":"10.14719/pst.2525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2525","url":null,"abstract":"Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, water reservoirs are drying, soil erosion is becoming more serious, and salinity areas are expanding worldwide. Among these disasters, soil salinization is one of the serious issues that affect agricultural production, with significant effects on plant development. Although plants have a solid adaptation to severe environmental conditions, their vulnerability to some abiotic stresses is still preserved in the plant genome. Cotton is a salt stress-tolerant crop among other main cash crops. However, its tolerance is limited in overwatered soil conditions or water-deficient soil. Several research investigations have been carried out to date to better understand salinity stress responses in various cotton species. The accumulation of salt due to irrigation-dependent practices exerts an adverse impact on crop productivity. However, this deleterious effect can be mitigated through a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which certain plants flourish under saline conditions. Over the past few decades, there has been a notable augmentation in mechanistic comprehension, leading to the initiation of discovery-oriented methodologies aimed at discerning the genetic determinants of salt tolerance. Recent studies are showing the results of the manipulation of some important genes and proteins for salt tolerance using modern approaches. The identification of salt-resistance genes from salt-tolerant germplasm resources plays an essential role in improving the yield of cotton in saline soils. In this paper, we reviewed what has been achieved in cotton in terms of the development of its salt tolerance using genetic engineering.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcela Verónica Gutiérrez-Velázquez, Norma Almaraz-Abarca, José Antonio Ávila-Reyes, Eli Amanda Delgado-Alvarado, Laura Silvia González-Valdez, Rene Torres-Ricario, Hugo Manuel Monreal-García, Dante Yamid Rojas-Barboza, Andrés Vasavilbazo-Saucedo
Epigenetic changes are involved in plant responses to stress. Cytosine methylation is one of the most important epigenetic changes, regulating gene expression. In this paper, the MSAP (methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism) method was used to find out how the watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum) genome changed in response to 0, 60, 80, and 100 mM NaCl and how that affected phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) activity, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed an inverse correlation between methylation levels and PAL activity and the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, indicating salt stress-induced reprogramming of the methylation pattern of watercress, which has a negative effect on the synthesis of phenolics. The results revealed a significant decrease in phenolic contents and antioxidant activity under low and moderate salinity compared to control and an increase under strong salinity compared to moderate salinity. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the reprogramming of DNA methylation under salinity and its effect on watercress phenolic metabolism.
表观遗传变化与植物对逆境的反应有关。胞嘧啶甲基化是调控基因表达的重要表观遗传变化之一。采用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)方法研究了水田芥(Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum)基因组在0、60、80和100 mM NaCl处理下的变化及其对苯丙氨酸铵裂解酶(PAL)活性、酚类物质含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明，甲基化水平与PAL活性、总酚和总黄酮含量呈负相关，表明盐胁迫诱导的豆瓣菜甲基化模式重编程对酚类物质的合成有负面影响。结果表明，在低、中盐度条件下，酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性显著低于对照，而在强盐度条件下，酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性显著高于对照。本研究结果有助于我们了解盐度下DNA甲基化重编程及其对豆瓣菜酚代谢的影响。
{"title":"Effect of salinity on DNA methylation and antioxidant phenolic compounds of wild watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum)","authors":"Marcela Verónica Gutiérrez-Velázquez, Norma Almaraz-Abarca, José Antonio Ávila-Reyes, Eli Amanda Delgado-Alvarado, Laura Silvia González-Valdez, Rene Torres-Ricario, Hugo Manuel Monreal-García, Dante Yamid Rojas-Barboza, Andrés Vasavilbazo-Saucedo","doi":"10.14719/pst.2577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2577","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetic changes are involved in plant responses to stress. Cytosine methylation is one of the most important epigenetic changes, regulating gene expression. In this paper, the MSAP (methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism) method was used to find out how the watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum) genome changed in response to 0, 60, 80, and 100 mM NaCl and how that affected phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) activity, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed an inverse correlation between methylation levels and PAL activity and the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, indicating salt stress-induced reprogramming of the methylation pattern of watercress, which has a negative effect on the synthesis of phenolics. The results revealed a significant decrease in phenolic contents and antioxidant activity under low and moderate salinity compared to control and an increase under strong salinity compared to moderate salinity. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the reprogramming of DNA methylation under salinity and its effect on watercress phenolic metabolism.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linear mathematical models have been developed for predicting baby corn yield in terms of cob volume for two cycles of maize (Zea mays L.). Cob volume is directly proportional to morphological parameters such as length, weight, and girth; hence, linear mathematical models have been developed. Primary data for a random selection of 60 cobs for each cycle were collected, and lab work was carried out to measure the corn ears and cob growth parameters. An irregular distribution was observed among all six growth parameters examined in the study. Descriptive statistical measures were employed to facilitate the description of growth parameters. The final volume of the baby corn cob was used for crop yield estimation. The water displacement method was employed to measure the actual volume of cobs, which was then compared with the volumes estimated using the developed mathematical models. For both cycles, similar trends were observed in both estimated and actual volumes of cobs, providing numerical confirmation for the validity of the developed mathematical models. The theoretical validity of these models was also established using statistical measures such as R2, adjusted R2, F-test, P-value, and correlation coefficient. Any deviations between estimated and actual volumes would indicate changes in the dependent variables of the model, attributed to the effects of climate change, as other internal and external factors are held constant. These models offer a critical predictive tool for stakeholders, enabling improved yield predictions and optimized resource allocation. As a result, they facilitate strategic planning for increased profitability.
{"title":"Linear mathematical models for yield estimation of baby corn (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Neetu Rani, Jitender Singh Bamel, Savita Garg, Abhinav Shukla, Sumit Kumar Pathak, Rishta Nandini Singh, Nandini Singh, Sara Gahlot, Kiran Bamel","doi":"10.14719/pst.2618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2618","url":null,"abstract":"Linear mathematical models have been developed for predicting baby corn yield in terms of cob volume for two cycles of maize (Zea mays L.). Cob volume is directly proportional to morphological parameters such as length, weight, and girth; hence, linear mathematical models have been developed. Primary data for a random selection of 60 cobs for each cycle were collected, and lab work was carried out to measure the corn ears and cob growth parameters. An irregular distribution was observed among all six growth parameters examined in the study. Descriptive statistical measures were employed to facilitate the description of growth parameters. The final volume of the baby corn cob was used for crop yield estimation. The water displacement method was employed to measure the actual volume of cobs, which was then compared with the volumes estimated using the developed mathematical models. For both cycles, similar trends were observed in both estimated and actual volumes of cobs, providing numerical confirmation for the validity of the developed mathematical models. The theoretical validity of these models was also established using statistical measures such as R2, adjusted R2, F-test, P-value, and correlation coefficient. Any deviations between estimated and actual volumes would indicate changes in the dependent variables of the model, attributed to the effects of climate change, as other internal and external factors are held constant. These models offer a critical predictive tool for stakeholders, enabling improved yield predictions and optimized resource allocation. As a result, they facilitate strategic planning for increased profitability.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The eusporangiate fern Ophioglossum brings some uncertainty among taxonomists while identifying the species. Therefore, a combined approach by considering the spore morphology and other morphological characters is more authentic for delimiting species of this genus. This study documented and compared the spore morphology of O. costatum, O. gramineum, O. lusitanicum, O. lusoafricanum, O. parvifolium, O. pendulum, O. petiolatum, O. raphaelianum, O. reticulatum and O. rubellum collected from Kerala, India by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. SEM images of the spores for each species were provided, the P/E ratio was calculated, and the size classes of the spores were determined here. The occurance of O. lusitanicum in India was confirmed and O. madhusoodhananii was synonymised under O. costatum.
{"title":"Comparative spore morphology of ten species of the genus Ophioglossum L. from Kerala, India","authors":"Afsana Khan, Anto P.V, Ignatius Antony","doi":"10.14719/pst.2497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2497","url":null,"abstract":"The eusporangiate fern Ophioglossum brings some uncertainty among taxonomists while identifying the species. Therefore, a combined approach by considering the spore morphology and other morphological characters is more authentic for delimiting species of this genus. This study documented and compared the spore morphology of O. costatum, O. gramineum, O. lusitanicum, O. lusoafricanum, O. parvifolium, O. pendulum, O. petiolatum, O. raphaelianum, O. reticulatum and O. rubellum collected from Kerala, India by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. SEM images of the spores for each species were provided, the P/E ratio was calculated, and the size classes of the spores were determined here. The occurance of O. lusitanicum in India was confirmed and O. madhusoodhananii was synonymised under O. costatum.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citrus mitis Blanco fruit contains high levels of vitamin C, phenolics, and flavonoids, which exhibit a wide range of beneficial biological effects. The current research aimed to evaluate the levels of vitamin C, flavonoid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant properties, as well as the inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation, in both unripe and ripe fruit tissues (pulps and peels) of C. mitis Blanco. The fruit tissues were obtained from the Hat Som Paen subdistrict in Ranong province, located in the southern region of Thailand. Fruit tissues were extracted using maceration with 80% ethanol and water solvents. Vitamin C quantification was achieved using the 2,6-dichloroindophenol titrimetric method. Total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method, while total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Additionally, ABTS and DPPH assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. The measurement of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was carried out using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The findings indicated that the water extract exhibited higher levels of vitamin C compared to the 80% ethanolic extract. In contrast, the 80% ethanolic extract revealed greater amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the water extract. The water extract of unripe pulp exhibited the highest vitamin C content among all the extracts, reaching 36.74 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). The 80% ethanolic extract of unripe peel demonstrated the highest level of total phenolic content (35.67 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract), while ripe peel exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (16.88 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g extract). Both unripe and ripe fruit extracts exhibited antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. The 80% ethanolic extract from unripe peel demonstrated the most significant antioxidant activities against DPPH (6.31 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g extract) and ABTS (7.69 mg TE/g extract). Moreover, the 80% ethanolic extract of unripe peel showed the highest level of inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, with a value of 74.62%. These results underscore the potential bioactivities of unripe and ripe C. mitis Blanco fruit tissues, which can offer nutritional and health benefits. These properties make them particularly valuable in the food industry due to their excellent antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory characteristics.
{"title":"Antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory potentials of the unripe and ripe of Citrus mitis Blanco pulps and peels from south Thailand","authors":"Chanate Wanna, Narumon Boonman, Sirirat Phakpaknam","doi":"10.14719/pst.2693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2693","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus mitis Blanco fruit contains high levels of vitamin C, phenolics, and flavonoids, which exhibit a wide range of beneficial biological effects. The current research aimed to evaluate the levels of vitamin C, flavonoid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant properties, as well as the inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation, in both unripe and ripe fruit tissues (pulps and peels) of C. mitis Blanco. The fruit tissues were obtained from the Hat Som Paen subdistrict in Ranong province, located in the southern region of Thailand. Fruit tissues were extracted using maceration with 80% ethanol and water solvents. Vitamin C quantification was achieved using the 2,6-dichloroindophenol titrimetric method. Total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method, while total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Additionally, ABTS and DPPH assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. The measurement of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was carried out using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The findings indicated that the water extract exhibited higher levels of vitamin C compared to the 80% ethanolic extract. In contrast, the 80% ethanolic extract revealed greater amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the water extract. The water extract of unripe pulp exhibited the highest vitamin C content among all the extracts, reaching 36.74 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). The 80% ethanolic extract of unripe peel demonstrated the highest level of total phenolic content (35.67 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract), while ripe peel exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (16.88 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g extract). Both unripe and ripe fruit extracts exhibited antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. The 80% ethanolic extract from unripe peel demonstrated the most significant antioxidant activities against DPPH (6.31 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g extract) and ABTS (7.69 mg TE/g extract). Moreover, the 80% ethanolic extract of unripe peel showed the highest level of inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, with a value of 74.62%. These results underscore the potential bioactivities of unripe and ripe C. mitis Blanco fruit tissues, which can offer nutritional and health benefits. These properties make them particularly valuable in the food industry due to their excellent antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory characteristics.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Kruttika, Deshpande K Medini, Rebello Stena Jesima, Pappuswamy Manikantan, Chaudhary Aditi, Paari Kuppusamy Alagesan, Kadanthottu Sebastian Joseph, Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
Phytochemicals are plant-based products with high medicinal value. These metabolites effectively target disease-causing microbes. Drug-resistant pathogens have developed mechanisms to sustain themselves even with inhibitors. Drug resistance has emerged as a global giant, causing all available treatment options to fail. The solution to this problem is in the phytochemicals of plants with antibacterial and drug resistance modulation properties. Phytochemicals might be able to get rid of efflux pumps, drug-modulating enzymes, resistance genes, quorum sensing, and biofilm, all of which cause pathogens to be resistant to drugs. Moreover, anti-obesogenic and cardioprotective properties are also observed in phytochemicals. Additionally, studies show the success of phytochemical-based nanoparticles in drug resistance regulation. This review emphasizes phytochemicals' different mechanisms of action and their derivatives in curbing drug-resistant pathogens and cancer cells.
{"title":"Phytochemicals as weapons against drug resistance","authors":"Jan Kruttika, Deshpande K Medini, Rebello Stena Jesima, Pappuswamy Manikantan, Chaudhary Aditi, Paari Kuppusamy Alagesan, Kadanthottu Sebastian Joseph, Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar","doi":"10.14719/pst.2495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2495","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals are plant-based products with high medicinal value. These metabolites effectively target disease-causing microbes. Drug-resistant pathogens have developed mechanisms to sustain themselves even with inhibitors. Drug resistance has emerged as a global giant, causing all available treatment options to fail. The solution to this problem is in the phytochemicals of plants with antibacterial and drug resistance modulation properties. Phytochemicals might be able to get rid of efflux pumps, drug-modulating enzymes, resistance genes, quorum sensing, and biofilm, all of which cause pathogens to be resistant to drugs. Moreover, anti-obesogenic and cardioprotective properties are also observed in phytochemicals. Additionally, studies show the success of phytochemical-based nanoparticles in drug resistance regulation. This review emphasizes phytochemicals' different mechanisms of action and their derivatives in curbing drug-resistant pathogens and cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thi-Ngan Nguyen, Kim- Anh Thi Nguyen, Tuong-Vi Nguyen Le, Cuu-Khoa Nguyen, Nu-Trinh Thi Nguyen, Ping-Chung Kuo, Gia-Buu Tran, Ngoc-Anh Le, Thanh-Luu Tran, Ngoc-Tuan Nguyen
Ginger, a commonly used spice and medicinal herb, is an abundant source of bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of ginger in the pharmaceutical industry is still moderate and not commensurate with the potential of the Vietnamese horticulture industry, mainly due to a lack of information about the quality of input materials. In this study, we compared the volatile compounds of gingers collected from 13 provinces of Vietnam using GC/MS and GC-FID analysis to provide a basis for selecting and standardizing input materials. Furthermore, ginger essential oil from Ben Tre province of Vietnam exhibited significant antibacterial activity particularly in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zones of 30.00 ± 1.41 and 24.67 ± 3.30 mm, respectively. However, no significant inhibition was observed against Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli. We also isolated 5 non-volatile compounds from ginger extract, namely 6-shogaol (1), quercetin (2), rutin (3), beta-sitosterol (4) and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Among them, compounds 1–3 displayed cytotoxicity against Hep3B, SK-LU-1, MCF-7, SK-LU-1, SW480 and HepG2 tumour cell lines, with an IC50 values ranging between 62.7 ± 2.1 and 97.6 ± 1.1 µM, using Ellipticine as a positive control. Compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HepG2 tumor cells, with the IC50 values ranging between 21.5 ± 5.1 and 46.9 ± 3.7 µM but did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity against SW480 and SK-LU-1 cells. Compound 4 also demonstrated middling cytotoxicity against the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 43.6 ± 5.1 µM. These findings suggest further applications of Vietnamese ginger for the treatment of infectious and cancer-related diseases.
生姜是一种常用的香料和草药，是生物活性化合物的丰富来源。然而，生姜在制药工业中的利用仍然是适度的，与越南园艺业的潜力不相称，这主要是由于缺乏有关投入材料质量的信息。本研究采用GC/MS和GC- fid分析方法，对越南13个省份生姜的挥发性成分进行比较，为原料的选择和标准化提供依据。此外，越南本特省姜精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性显著，抑菌带分别为30.00±1.41 mm和24.67±3.30 mm。但对革兰氏阴性细菌铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌无明显抑制作用。从生姜提取物中分离得到6-shogaol(1)、槲皮素(2)、芦丁(3)、β -谷甾醇(4)和β -谷甾醇-3- o - β - d -glucopyranoside(5) 5种非挥发性化合物。其中化合物1 -3对Hep3B、SK-LU-1、MCF-7、SK-LU-1、SW480和HepG2肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒性，IC50值在62.7±2.1 ~ 97.6±1.1µM之间，以Ellipticine为阳性对照。化合物4和5对Hep3B和HepG2肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒性，IC50值在21.5±5.1 ~ 46.9±3.7µM之间，但对SW480和SK-LU-1细胞没有明显的细胞毒性。化合物4对MCF7细胞系也表现出中等的细胞毒性，IC50值为43.6±5.1µM。这些发现提示了越南姜在治疗感染性和癌症相关疾病方面的进一步应用。
{"title":"Research on chemical constituents, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of components isolated from Zingiber officinale Roscoe from Vietnam","authors":"Thi-Ngan Nguyen, Kim- Anh Thi Nguyen, Tuong-Vi Nguyen Le, Cuu-Khoa Nguyen, Nu-Trinh Thi Nguyen, Ping-Chung Kuo, Gia-Buu Tran, Ngoc-Anh Le, Thanh-Luu Tran, Ngoc-Tuan Nguyen","doi":"10.14719/pst.2410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2410","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger, a commonly used spice and medicinal herb, is an abundant source of bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of ginger in the pharmaceutical industry is still moderate and not commensurate with the potential of the Vietnamese horticulture industry, mainly due to a lack of information about the quality of input materials. In this study, we compared the volatile compounds of gingers collected from 13 provinces of Vietnam using GC/MS and GC-FID analysis to provide a basis for selecting and standardizing input materials. Furthermore, ginger essential oil from Ben Tre province of Vietnam exhibited significant antibacterial activity particularly in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zones of 30.00 ± 1.41 and 24.67 ± 3.30 mm, respectively. However, no significant inhibition was observed against Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli. We also isolated 5 non-volatile compounds from ginger extract, namely 6-shogaol (1), quercetin (2), rutin (3), beta-sitosterol (4) and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Among them, compounds 1–3 displayed cytotoxicity against Hep3B, SK-LU-1, MCF-7, SK-LU-1, SW480 and HepG2 tumour cell lines, with an IC50 values ranging between 62.7 ± 2.1 and 97.6 ± 1.1 µM, using Ellipticine as a positive control. Compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HepG2 tumor cells, with the IC50 values ranging between 21.5 ± 5.1 and 46.9 ± 3.7 µM but did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity against SW480 and SK-LU-1 cells. Compound 4 also demonstrated middling cytotoxicity against the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 43.6 ± 5.1 µM. These findings suggest further applications of Vietnamese ginger for the treatment of infectious and cancer-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：