Zinc is an important micro nutrient and plays an important role in improving the crop growth and productivity. Intensive agricultural practices due to rise in population have accelerated the use of chemical fertilizers which resulted in depletion of soil fertility. In this regard, a 2 year field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Lovely Professional University during rabi season in 2021-2022 and 2022-23 to examine the effect of different zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and yield contributing factors on wheat. Three types of zinc application methods along with various levels of integrated nutrient management approaches were used for the study. The results revealed that a significant interaction between zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management practices was observed with dry matter accumulation (g/m2), Leaf area index, spikes/m2, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike and grain yield of wheat crop. Maximum improvement in grain yield (5.5 t/ha) was obtained when soil+foliar application of zinc was combined with 75% recommended dose of fertilizer + 2.5 t/ha farm yard manure + Zinc solubilizing bacteria. Additionally, these studies need to be repeated at many locations with various agro-climatic circumstances.
{"title":"Evaluation of zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management on variation in growth, yield and yield contributing factors in wheat","authors":"Sreethu S, Gurleen Kaur, Vandna Chhabra","doi":"10.14719/pst.2957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2957","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc is an important micro nutrient and plays an important role in improving the crop growth and productivity. Intensive agricultural practices due to rise in population have accelerated the use of chemical fertilizers which resulted in depletion of soil fertility. In this regard, a 2 year field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Lovely Professional University during rabi season in 2021-2022 and 2022-23 to examine the effect of different zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and yield contributing factors on wheat. Three types of zinc application methods along with various levels of integrated nutrient management approaches were used for the study. The results revealed that a significant interaction between zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management practices was observed with dry matter accumulation (g/m2), Leaf area index, spikes/m2, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike and grain yield of wheat crop. Maximum improvement in grain yield (5.5 t/ha) was obtained when soil+foliar application of zinc was combined with 75% recommended dose of fertilizer + 2.5 t/ha farm yard manure + Zinc solubilizing bacteria. Additionally, these studies need to be repeated at many locations with various agro-climatic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"114 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Asbur, Y. Purwaningrum, H. Satriawan, Murni Sari Rahayu, Nurhayati, M. Ariyanti
Smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia have reached 8.9 million ha, but their role is still not optimal due to low productivity caused by the lack of knowledge of smallholders regarding sustainable oil palm technical culture, such as the use of cover crops. However, it requires appropriate spacing for different species. This study aims to obtain the optimum spacing of 3 weed species planted as cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was carried out in 2022 at the smallholder oil palm plantation Naga Rejo village, Galang, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. The experimental treatments included weed species (Asystasia gangetica, Paspalum conjugatum and Nephrolepis biserrata) as the main plot and spacing (10, 20 and 30 cm) as subplots arranged in a separate plot design with 3 replications. The results showed that the % of 100% land coverage was obtained in plantings of N. biserrata and A. gangetica in 4 WAPs and 10 cm spacing in 3 WAPs independently. The highest leaf area of N. biserrata, P. conjugatum and A. gangetica was obtained at a spacing of 30 cm. The highest dry weight, growth rate and nutrient uptake N and K N. biserrata and P. conjugatum were obtained at a spacing of 10 cm, while A. gangetica at a spacing of 30 cm. This shows that the optimum spacing depends on the weed species. The optimum spacing for A. gangetica (broad leaf) is 30 cm, while for P. conjugatum (grasses) and N. biserrata (ferns) is 10 cm.
印度尼西亚的小农油棕种植面积已达 890 万公顷，但由于小农缺乏可持续油棕技术栽培（如使用覆盖作物）方面的知识，导致生产率低下，因此其作用仍未达到最佳状态。然而，这需要对不同的物种采用适当的间距。本研究旨在获得小农油棕种植园中作为覆盖作物种植的 3 种杂草的最佳间距。研究于 2022 年在印尼苏门答腊岛加朗市纳加雷乔村的小农油棕种植园进行。实验处理包括以杂草品种（Asystasia gangetica、Paspalum conjugatum 和 Nephrolepis biserrata）为主小区，间距（10、20 和 30 厘米）为副小区，采用 3 次重复的独立小区设计。结果表明，在 4 个 WAP 中种植 N. biserrata 和 A. gangetica，在 3 个 WAP 中以 10 厘米的间距种植 N. biserrata 和 A. gangetica，土地覆盖率均为 100%。株距为 30 厘米时，N. biserrata、P. conjugatum 和 A. gangetica 的叶面积最大。间距为 10 厘米时，N. biserrata 和 P. conjugatum 的干重、生长率和营养吸收率最高，而 A. gangetica 的间距为 30 厘米。这表明，最佳间距取决于杂草种类。A. gangetica（阔叶）的最佳间距为 30 厘米，而 P. conjugatum（禾本科）和 N. biserrata（蕨类）的最佳间距为 10 厘米。
{"title":"Evaluation of the suitability of three weed species as alternative cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations through plant spacing management","authors":"Y. Asbur, Y. Purwaningrum, H. Satriawan, Murni Sari Rahayu, Nurhayati, M. Ariyanti","doi":"10.14719/pst.2754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2754","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia have reached 8.9 million ha, but their role is still not optimal due to low productivity caused by the lack of knowledge of smallholders regarding sustainable oil palm technical culture, such as the use of cover crops. However, it requires appropriate spacing for different species. This study aims to obtain the optimum spacing of 3 weed species planted as cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was carried out in 2022 at the smallholder oil palm plantation Naga Rejo village, Galang, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. The experimental treatments included weed species (Asystasia gangetica, Paspalum conjugatum and Nephrolepis biserrata) as the main plot and spacing (10, 20 and 30 cm) as subplots arranged in a separate plot design with 3 replications. The results showed that the % of 100% land coverage was obtained in plantings of N. biserrata and A. gangetica in 4 WAPs and 10 cm spacing in 3 WAPs independently. The highest leaf area of N. biserrata, P. conjugatum and A. gangetica was obtained at a spacing of 30 cm. The highest dry weight, growth rate and nutrient uptake N and K N. biserrata and P. conjugatum were obtained at a spacing of 10 cm, while A. gangetica at a spacing of 30 cm. This shows that the optimum spacing depends on the weed species. The optimum spacing for A. gangetica (broad leaf) is 30 cm, while for P. conjugatum (grasses) and N. biserrata (ferns) is 10 cm.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 1209","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjan Asemani, Paniz Zinsaz, N. Anarjan, Elham Taghavi, M. Lani
The Germanders (Teucrium polium L.) essential oil exhibits antioxidant and bactericidal activities against a wide range of microorganisms; however, its water insolubility, susceptibility to environmental stresses, and intense flavors limit its uses in food formulations. As a solution, in the present study, nanoemulsions of Germanders (Mentha pulegium) essential oil were prepared using a bottom-up nanoprecipitation technique. A central composite design based on the response surface methodology was implemented to investigate the effects of selected lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifier concentrations. The proposed second-order polynomial models, with relatively high coefficients of determination, could efficiently predict alterations in response parameters due to emulsifier concentrations. The results revealed that both lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers had significantly affected all characteristics of the synthesized essential oil nanoemulsions. Multi-goal optimization analysis suggested that 7.8% and 4.8% concentrations of Span 80 and Tween 80, respectively, could yield the most desirable Germanders essential oil nanoemulsions, with a mean particle size of 78.56 nm, PDI of 0.1722, DPPH radical scavenging of 83.69%, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica growth inhibition zones of 10.5 mm and 12.7 mm, respectively. The validity of the models was confirmed by the absence of substantial variations between experimental data and modeling results. While the prepared Germander essential oil nanoemulsions demonstrated acceptable physical properties, they exhibited relatively limited chemical stability during storage at 5°C for 30 days.
{"title":"Effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic emulsifier concentrations on the characteristics of Germander essential oil nanoemulsions prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique","authors":"Marjan Asemani, Paniz Zinsaz, N. Anarjan, Elham Taghavi, M. Lani","doi":"10.14719/pst.2421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2421","url":null,"abstract":"The Germanders (Teucrium polium L.) essential oil exhibits antioxidant and bactericidal activities against a wide range of microorganisms; however, its water insolubility, susceptibility to environmental stresses, and intense flavors limit its uses in food formulations. As a solution, in the present study, nanoemulsions of Germanders (Mentha pulegium) essential oil were prepared using a bottom-up nanoprecipitation technique. A central composite design based on the response surface methodology was implemented to investigate the effects of selected lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifier concentrations. The proposed second-order polynomial models, with relatively high coefficients of determination, could efficiently predict alterations in response parameters due to emulsifier concentrations. The results revealed that both lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers had significantly affected all characteristics of the synthesized essential oil nanoemulsions. Multi-goal optimization analysis suggested that 7.8% and 4.8% concentrations of Span 80 and Tween 80, respectively, could yield the most desirable Germanders essential oil nanoemulsions, with a mean particle size of 78.56 nm, PDI of 0.1722, DPPH radical scavenging of 83.69%, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica growth inhibition zones of 10.5 mm and 12.7 mm, respectively. The validity of the models was confirmed by the absence of substantial variations between experimental data and modeling results. While the prepared Germander essential oil nanoemulsions demonstrated acceptable physical properties, they exhibited relatively limited chemical stability during storage at 5°C for 30 days.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"59 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Dalvand, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Hamdi, Fatemeh Nori kotanaee, Hassan Ahmadvand
Medicinal plants are known for containing potent antioxidants, primarily due to the presence of phytochemical components with diverse biological properties. In this study, we assessed the chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Pistacia atlantica and P. khinjuk. The essential oils from P. atlantica and P. khinjuk oleoresin were obtained through hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant activity, and free radical quenching potentials of hydroalcoholic extracts from P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. These assessments were performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, phosphomolybdate test, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assay (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value)), respectively. The results revealed that the major phytochemical components in P. atlantica essential oil were ?-pinene, camphene, ?-pinene, D-limonene, cyclohexene, and careen. Additionally, P. khinjuk essential oil contained ?-pinene, ?-Pinene, trans-verbnol, bicyclo(3.1.1.)heptan, verbenene, camphene, D-limonene, and ?-campholenal. Furthermore, the total phenols and flavonoids content of P. atlantica were higher than those of P. khinjuk. However, the total antioxidant capacity was significantly greater in P. khinjuk than in P. atlantica. The IC50 value (DPPH assay) was also significantly higher in P. khinjuk compared to P. atlantica. Although the essential oils of both plants exhibited antioxidant effects, P. atlantica essential oils demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to P. khinjuk. In conclusion, the presence of abundant phytochemical components, such as monoterpenes, was observed in both the plants. These findings suggest that P. atlantica and P. khinjuk generally possess considerable antioxidant activity.
众所周知，药用植物含有强效抗氧化剂，这主要是由于它们含有具有多种生物特性的植物化学成分。在这项研究中，我们评估了Pistacia atlantica 和 P. khinjuk 的化学成分和抗氧化潜力。我们通过水蒸馏法获得了Pistacia atlantica 和 P. khinjuk oleoresin 的精油，并使用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对其化学成分进行了鉴定。此外，我们还评估了 P. atlantica 和 P. khinjuk 水醇提取物的总酚和类黄酮含量、总抗氧化活性以及自由基淬灭潜能。这些评估分别采用 Folin-Ciocalteu 法、氯化铝法、磷钼酸盐试验和 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）抑制试验（半最大抑制浓度（IC50 值））进行。结果表明，P. atlantica 精油中的主要植物化学成分是?-蒎烯、莰烯、?-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、环己烯和蒈烯。此外，P. khinjuk 精油还含有蒎烯、蒎烯、反式verbnol、双环（3.1.1.）庚烷、马鞭草烯、莰烯、D-柠檬烯和樟脑烯。此外，P. atlantica 的总酚和类黄酮含量高于 P. khinjuk。不过，P. khinjuk 的总抗氧化能力明显高于 P. atlantica。与 P. atlantica 相比，P. khinjuk 的 IC50 值（DPPH 试验）也明显更高。虽然两种植物的精油都具有抗氧化效果，但 P. atlantica 精油的抗氧化效果优于 P. khinjuk。总之，两种植物都含有丰富的植物化学成分，如单萜烯。这些研究结果表明，P. atlantica 和 P. khinjuk 一般都具有相当强的抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Phytochemicals Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Fresh Fruits of Pistacia atlantica and Pistacia khinjuk","authors":"Hamid Dalvand, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Hamdi, Fatemeh Nori kotanaee, Hassan Ahmadvand","doi":"10.14719/pst.2853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2853","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are known for containing potent antioxidants, primarily due to the presence of phytochemical components with diverse biological properties. In this study, we assessed the chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Pistacia atlantica and P. khinjuk. The essential oils from P. atlantica and P. khinjuk oleoresin were obtained through hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant activity, and free radical quenching potentials of hydroalcoholic extracts from P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. These assessments were performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, phosphomolybdate test, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assay (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value)), respectively. The results revealed that the major phytochemical components in P. atlantica essential oil were ?-pinene, camphene, ?-pinene, D-limonene, cyclohexene, and careen. Additionally, P. khinjuk essential oil contained ?-pinene, ?-Pinene, trans-verbnol, bicyclo(3.1.1.)heptan, verbenene, camphene, D-limonene, and ?-campholenal. Furthermore, the total phenols and flavonoids content of P. atlantica were higher than those of P. khinjuk. However, the total antioxidant capacity was significantly greater in P. khinjuk than in P. atlantica. The IC50 value (DPPH assay) was also significantly higher in P. khinjuk compared to P. atlantica. Although the essential oils of both plants exhibited antioxidant effects, P. atlantica essential oils demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to P. khinjuk. In conclusion, the presence of abundant phytochemical components, such as monoterpenes, was observed in both the plants. These findings suggest that P. atlantica and P. khinjuk generally possess considerable antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"109 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sutiarso L Suwardi, Suwardi, L. Sutiarso, Herry Wirianata, A. P. Nugroho, Sukarman, S. Primananda, Moch. Dasrial, Badi Hariadi
The structure and composition of forest vegetation plays an important role in different ecosystem functions and services. This study aimed to identifying soil types based on vegetation characteristics using a deep learning model in the High Conservation Value (HCV) area of Central Kalimantan, spanning 632.04 hectares. The data on vegetation were collected using a combination method between line transect and quadratic plots were placed. The development of a deep learning model was based on the results of a vegetation survey and the processing of aerial photos using the Feature Classifier method. The results of applying a deep learning model could provide a relatively accurate and consistent prediction in identifying soil types (Entisols 62%, Spodosols 90%, Ultisols 90% accuracy). The composition of vegetation community in Ultisols was dominated of seedling and tree (closed canopy), meanwhile in Entisols and Spodosols was dominated of seedling and sapling (dominantly open canopy). Ultisols exhibited the highest species richness (57 species), followed by Spodosols (31 species) and Entisols (14 species). Ultisols, Entisols, and Spodosols displayed even species distribution(J' close to 1) without dominance of certain species(D < 0.5). The species diversity index was at a low to moderate level(H' < 3), while the species richness index remained at a very low level(D_mg > 3.5).
{"title":"Optimization of a soil type prediction method based on the deep learning model and vegetation characteristics","authors":"Sutiarso L Suwardi, Suwardi, L. Sutiarso, Herry Wirianata, A. P. Nugroho, Sukarman, S. Primananda, Moch. Dasrial, Badi Hariadi","doi":"10.14719/pst.2926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2926","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and composition of forest vegetation plays an important role in different ecosystem functions and services. This study aimed to identifying soil types based on vegetation characteristics using a deep learning model in the High Conservation Value (HCV) area of Central Kalimantan, spanning 632.04 hectares. The data on vegetation were collected using a combination method between line transect and quadratic plots were placed. The development of a deep learning model was based on the results of a vegetation survey and the processing of aerial photos using the Feature Classifier method. The results of applying a deep learning model could provide a relatively accurate and consistent prediction in identifying soil types (Entisols 62%, Spodosols 90%, Ultisols 90% accuracy). The composition of vegetation community in Ultisols was dominated of seedling and tree (closed canopy), meanwhile in Entisols and Spodosols was dominated of seedling and sapling (dominantly open canopy). Ultisols exhibited the highest species richness (57 species), followed by Spodosols (31 species) and Entisols (14 species). Ultisols, Entisols, and Spodosols displayed even species distribution(J' close to 1) without dominance of certain species(D < 0.5). The species diversity index was at a low to moderate level(H' < 3), while the species richness index remained at a very low level(D_mg > 3.5).","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinisha EDATHUMTHAZHE KUNI, Jaseela VALIYA THODIYIL, Pradeep NEDIYAPARAMBU SUKUMARAN
The taxonomic status of 3 species of the genus Limnophila viz., L. micrantha (Benth.) Benth., L. glandulifera Philcox and L. repens (Benth.) Benth. were examined. L. micrantha and L. glandulifera is found to be conspecific with L. repens. Hence, these 2 names are reduced here into the synonymy of the earlier name, L. repens (Benth.) Benth.
L. micrantha (Benth.) Benth.、L. glandulifera Philcox 和 L. repens (Benth.) Benth.。micrantha 和 L. glandulifera 与 L. repens 为同种。repens (Benth.) Benth.的同义词。
{"title":"Notes on the status of Limnophila micrantha (Benth.) Benth. and L. glandulifera Philcox (Plantaginaceae)","authors":"Sinisha EDATHUMTHAZHE KUNI, Jaseela VALIYA THODIYIL, Pradeep NEDIYAPARAMBU SUKUMARAN","doi":"10.14719/pst.2831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2831","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic status of 3 species of the genus Limnophila viz., L. micrantha (Benth.) Benth., L. glandulifera Philcox and L. repens (Benth.) Benth. were examined. L. micrantha and L. glandulifera is found to be conspecific with L. repens. Hence, these 2 names are reduced here into the synonymy of the earlier name, L. repens (Benth.) Benth.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"53 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurological ailment, mostly affects the older population all around the world. The rational therapies show limited efficacy, adverse effects, and poor patient compliance; therefore, herbal drugs are considered a suitable supplement to the drug therapy for the treatment of AD. According to research, herbal drugs reduce symptoms of AD and also improve brain functioning through the inhibition of beta amyloid, gamma-secretase, and acetylcholine, along with the regulation of antioxidants and the activation of alpha-secretase. Various herbal plants like Salvia officinalis L., Bertholletia excelsa L., Withania somnifera L., and Urtica dioica L. help slow down the progression of AD by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, beta amyloid and tau phosphorylation. Beta sitosterol, a phytosterol found abundantly in plants, has the ability to cross the Blood Brain Barrier and thus acts as a bioactive constituent in circumventing various neurological disorders. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations indicate that beta sitosterol shows immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, as well as antioxidant properties. The plant sterol, beta sitosterol, has the capacity to decrease beta-amyloid platelet synthesis, indicating that it might be helpful in the treatment and prevention of AD. Treatment with beta-sitosterol can lessen plaque burden and also enhance spatial learning and recognition abilities in patients suffering from AD.
{"title":"Potential role of herbal plants and beta sitosterol as a bioactive constituent in circumventing Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Apoorva Mishra, Saumya Das, Soni Kumari","doi":"10.14719/pst.2420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2420","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurological ailment, mostly affects the older population all around the world. The rational therapies show limited efficacy, adverse effects, and poor patient compliance; therefore, herbal drugs are considered a suitable supplement to the drug therapy for the treatment of AD. According to research, herbal drugs reduce symptoms of AD and also improve brain functioning through the inhibition of beta amyloid, gamma-secretase, and acetylcholine, along with the regulation of antioxidants and the activation of alpha-secretase. Various herbal plants like Salvia officinalis L., Bertholletia excelsa L., Withania somnifera L., and Urtica dioica L. help slow down the progression of AD by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, beta amyloid and tau phosphorylation. Beta sitosterol, a phytosterol found abundantly in plants, has the ability to cross the Blood Brain Barrier and thus acts as a bioactive constituent in circumventing various neurological disorders. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations indicate that beta sitosterol shows immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, as well as antioxidant properties. The plant sterol, beta sitosterol, has the capacity to decrease beta-amyloid platelet synthesis, indicating that it might be helpful in the treatment and prevention of AD. Treatment with beta-sitosterol can lessen plaque burden and also enhance spatial learning and recognition abilities in patients suffering from AD.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on endophytic fungi has gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance plant growth directly by producingphytohormones, solubilizing macronutrients, fixing nitrogen, or indirectly inhibiting phytopathogens growth by producing ammonia, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, or extracellular enzymes, thereby acting as biocontrol agents. The present study aimed to isolate fungal endophytes from Alternantheraphiloxeroidesand evaluate their plant growth promotion and antimicrobial activity. In total, nine fungal endophytic strains were isolated from different parts of A. philoxeroides such as leaves, roots, and stems. The results demonstrate that the strains MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 exhibited positive plant growth promotion properties,including phosphate solubilization, and IAA (Indoleacetic acid) production, and ammonia production. The IAA production was highest for MEFAphS1, with a concentration of 46.635±1.04 µg/mL, while MEFAphR3 displayed the highest ammonia production (0.903±0.01 µg/mL). The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) is the maximum for MEFAphS1 (1.5±0.10). MEFAphS1 also exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and V.parahaemolyticus,with the most substantial inhibition zone observed against V.vulnificus(28±1 mm). In contrast, MEFAphR3 showed an inhibition zone of 8±1.53 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Molecular identification revealed the identity of the isolates MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 as Fusariumsolaniand F.annulatum. These results thus confirm the possible applications of the fungal endophytes as plant biofertilizers and bio-enhancers to increase crop productivity.
{"title":"Fungal endophytic species Fusariumannulatum and Fusariumsolani: identification, molecular characterization, and study of plant growth promotion properties","authors":"Soma Biswas, Suma Sarojini","doi":"10.14719/pst.2688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2688","url":null,"abstract":"Research on endophytic fungi has gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance plant growth directly by producingphytohormones, solubilizing macronutrients, fixing nitrogen, or indirectly inhibiting phytopathogens growth by producing ammonia, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, or extracellular enzymes, thereby acting as biocontrol agents. The present study aimed to isolate fungal endophytes from Alternantheraphiloxeroidesand evaluate their plant growth promotion and antimicrobial activity. In total, nine fungal endophytic strains were isolated from different parts of A. philoxeroides such as leaves, roots, and stems. The results demonstrate that the strains MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 exhibited positive plant growth promotion properties,including phosphate solubilization, and IAA (Indoleacetic acid) production, and ammonia production. The IAA production was highest for MEFAphS1, with a concentration of 46.635±1.04 µg/mL, while MEFAphR3 displayed the highest ammonia production (0.903±0.01 µg/mL). The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) is the maximum for MEFAphS1 (1.5±0.10). MEFAphS1 also exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and V.parahaemolyticus,with the most substantial inhibition zone observed against V.vulnificus(28±1 mm). In contrast, MEFAphR3 showed an inhibition zone of 8±1.53 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Molecular identification revealed the identity of the isolates MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 as Fusariumsolaniand F.annulatum. These results thus confirm the possible applications of the fungal endophytes as plant biofertilizers and bio-enhancers to increase crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological pesticides are pesticides derived from natural materials such as bacteria, plants, and minerals that are applied to crops to kill pests. Biopesticides are targeted, inexpensive, eco-friendly, sustainable, leave no trace, and are not associated with the production of greenhouse gases. It contributes significantly to the agricultural bio-economy's sustainability. The advantages to the ecosystem provided by many significant biological resources justify the incorporation of biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Through advancements in research and development, the use of biopesticides has significantly reduced environmental contamination. The development of biopesticides promotes agricultural modernization and will surely result in a gradual phase-out of chemical pesticides. Although synthetic pesticides have positive effects on crop yield and productivity, they also have some negative impacts on soil biodiversity, animals, aquatic life, and humans. In general, synthetic pesticides make the soil brittle, decrease soil respiration, and reduce the activity of some soil microorganisms, such as earthworms. Pesticide buildup in bodies of water can spread from aquatic life to animals including people, as their biomagnification can cause fatal diseases like cancer, kidney disease, rashes on the skin, diabetes, etc. Biopesticides, on the other hand, have surfaced and have proven to be quite beneficial in the management of pests and are safe for the environment and hence have emerged as very useful in the control of pests with a lot of merits. The present review provides a broad perspective on the different kinds of pesticides. We analyzed suitable and environmentally friendly ways to improve the acceptance and industrial application of microbial herbicides, phytopesticides, and nano biopesticides for plant nutrition, crop protection/yield, animal/human health promotion, as well as their potential integration into the integrated pest management system.
{"title":"Natural pesticides for pest control in agricultural crops: an alternative and eco-friendly method","authors":"Chowdhury Swapan, Banerjee Mainak, Basnett Deewa, Mazumdar Tanmoy","doi":"10.14719/pst.2547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2547","url":null,"abstract":"Biological pesticides are pesticides derived from natural materials such as bacteria, plants, and minerals that are applied to crops to kill pests. Biopesticides are targeted, inexpensive, eco-friendly, sustainable, leave no trace, and are not associated with the production of greenhouse gases. It contributes significantly to the agricultural bio-economy's sustainability. The advantages to the ecosystem provided by many significant biological resources justify the incorporation of biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Through advancements in research and development, the use of biopesticides has significantly reduced environmental contamination. The development of biopesticides promotes agricultural modernization and will surely result in a gradual phase-out of chemical pesticides. Although synthetic pesticides have positive effects on crop yield and productivity, they also have some negative impacts on soil biodiversity, animals, aquatic life, and humans. In general, synthetic pesticides make the soil brittle, decrease soil respiration, and reduce the activity of some soil microorganisms, such as earthworms. Pesticide buildup in bodies of water can spread from aquatic life to animals including people, as their biomagnification can cause fatal diseases like cancer, kidney disease, rashes on the skin, diabetes, etc. Biopesticides, on the other hand, have surfaced and have proven to be quite beneficial in the management of pests and are safe for the environment and hence have emerged as very useful in the control of pests with a lot of merits. The present review provides a broad perspective on the different kinds of pesticides. We analyzed suitable and environmentally friendly ways to improve the acceptance and industrial application of microbial herbicides, phytopesticides, and nano biopesticides for plant nutrition, crop protection/yield, animal/human health promotion, as well as their potential integration into the integrated pest management system.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"49 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Rani, S. Garg, Kiran Bamel, Vaibhav Bhatt, Sourabh Sharma, Shashvat Kumar Mishra, Nitesh Saini, Saloni Parmar
The global fruit industry is growing rapidly due to increased awareness of the health benefits associated with fruit consumption. Fruit maturity detection plays a crucial role in fruit logistics and maintenance, enabling farmers and fruit industries to grade fruits and develop sustainable policies for enhanced profitability and service quality. Non-destructive fruit maturity detection methods have gained significant attention, especially with advancements in machine vision and spectroscopic techniques. This systematic review provides a concise overview of the techniques and algorithms used in fruit quality grading by farmers and industries. The study reviewed 63 full-text articles published between 2012 and 2023 along with their bibliometric analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed that researchers from various disciplines contributed to this field, with techniques falling into 3 categories: machine vision (mathematical modelling or deep learning), spectroscopy and other miscellaneous approaches. There was a high level of diversity among these categories, as indicated by an I-square value of 88.37% in the heterogeneity analysis. Meta-analysis, using odds ratios as the effect measure, established the relationship between techniques and their accuracy. Machine vision showed a positive correlation with accuracy across different categories. Additionally, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias and no strong evidence of its occurrence was found. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of various fruit maturity detection techniques. For employing statistical and meta-analytical methods, key factors such as accuracy and sample size have been considered. These findings will aid in the development of effective strategies for fruit quality assessment.
由于人们对食用水果有益健康的认识不断提高，全球水果产业发展迅速。水果成熟度检测在水果物流和维护中起着至关重要的作用，它使果农和水果行业能够对水果进行分级，并制定可持续的政策以提高盈利能力和服务质量。非破坏性水果成熟度检测方法受到了广泛关注，特别是随着机器视觉和光谱技术的发展。本系统综述简要概述了果农和行业在水果质量分级中使用的技术和算法。研究综述了 2012 年至 2023 年间发表的 63 篇全文文章及其文献计量分析。定性分析显示，来自不同学科的研究人员对这一领域做出了贡献，其技术分为三类：机器视觉（数学建模或深度学习）、光谱学和其他杂项方法。正如异质性分析中 88.37% 的 I 方值所显示的，这些类别之间的多样性程度很高。使用几率作为效果衡量标准的 Meta 分析确定了技术与其准确性之间的关系。在不同类别中，机器视觉与准确率呈正相关。此外，研究还使用了埃格氏和贝格氏检验来评估发表偏倚，结果没有发现强烈的证据表明存在发表偏倚。这项研究为了解各种水果成熟度检测技术的优势和局限性提供了宝贵的见解。在采用统计和元分析方法时，考虑了准确性和样本量等关键因素。这些发现将有助于制定有效的水果质量评估策略。
{"title":"A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis of Non-destructive Fruit Maturity Detection Techniques","authors":"N. Rani, S. Garg, Kiran Bamel, Vaibhav Bhatt, Sourabh Sharma, Shashvat Kumar Mishra, Nitesh Saini, Saloni Parmar","doi":"10.14719/pst.2844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2844","url":null,"abstract":"The global fruit industry is growing rapidly due to increased awareness of the health benefits associated with fruit consumption. Fruit maturity detection plays a crucial role in fruit logistics and maintenance, enabling farmers and fruit industries to grade fruits and develop sustainable policies for enhanced profitability and service quality. Non-destructive fruit maturity detection methods have gained significant attention, especially with advancements in machine vision and spectroscopic techniques. This systematic review provides a concise overview of the techniques and algorithms used in fruit quality grading by farmers and industries. The study reviewed 63 full-text articles published between 2012 and 2023 along with their bibliometric analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed that researchers from various disciplines contributed to this field, with techniques falling into 3 categories: machine vision (mathematical modelling or deep learning), spectroscopy and other miscellaneous approaches. There was a high level of diversity among these categories, as indicated by an I-square value of 88.37% in the heterogeneity analysis. Meta-analysis, using odds ratios as the effect measure, established the relationship between techniques and their accuracy. Machine vision showed a positive correlation with accuracy across different categories. Additionally, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias and no strong evidence of its occurrence was found. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of various fruit maturity detection techniques. For employing statistical and meta-analytical methods, key factors such as accuracy and sample size have been considered. These findings will aid in the development of effective strategies for fruit quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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