ABSTRACT Seeking economical, efficient and environmentally friendly nitrogen fertigation management strategies is extremely important for sustainable maize production. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four nitrogen fertilization methods N0: no nitrogen application; FP: applying 234 kg N ha−1 at sowing; NF1: applying 210 kg N ha−1, 50% N at sowing and 50% N fertigation at the V8 stage; and NF4: applying 210 kg N ha−1 sowing: 30%, fertigation at V8: 20%, V12: 20%, R1: 20%, R3: 10% on maize yield, nitrogen and water use efficiency, economic benefits and the environmental assessment in Northeast China. The results showed that compared with the FP treatment, the NF1 and NF4 treatments significantly increased maize yield by 13.2% and 18.6%, increased recovery efficiency of nitrogen (REN) by 38.6% and 68.4%, agronomic nitrogen efficiency (AEN) by 58.6% and 78.2%, water use efficiency (WUE) by 23.8% and 26.9%, and net income by 16.1% and 25.7%, respectively. Additionally, the treatments reduced the apparent nitrogen loss by 69.5% and 96.1%, nitrogen footprint by 34.4% and 37.4% and carbon footprint by 17.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The yield, REN and net income of NF4 were significantly higher than those of NF1 by 4.8%, 21.6% and 8.3%, respectively, and the nitrogen and carbon footprints of NF4 were significantly lower than those of NF1 by 4.6% and 4.6%, respectively. The NF4 treatment was recommended as an effective method for improving yield and net income and reducing the environmental cost while achieving sustainable maize production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
寻求经济、高效、环保的氮肥管理策略对玉米可持续生产至关重要。通过为期2年的田间试验，研究了4种不同施氮方式(N0:不施氮;FP:播种时施氮肥234 kg;NF1:播期50%施氮，8期50%施氮，施氮量210 kg ha - 1;NF4:施肥210 kg N ha−1，播量30%，V8: 20%， V12: 20%， R1: 20%， R3: 10%对东北地区玉米产量、氮肥和水分利用效率、经济效益和环境评价的影响。结果表明，与FP处理相比，NF1和NF4处理分别显著提高玉米产量13.2%和18.6%，氮素回收率(REN)提高38.6%和68.4%，氮素农艺效率(AEN)提高58.6%和78.2%，水分利用效率(WUE)提高23.8%和26.9%，净收入提高16.1%和25.7%。氮素表观损失减少69.5%、96.1%，氮足迹减少34.4%、37.4%，碳足迹减少17.0%、20.8%。NF4的产量、REN和净收入分别显著高于NF1 4.8%、21.6%和8.3%，氮足迹和碳足迹分别显著低于NF1 4.6%和4.6%。NF4处理被认为是在实现玉米可持续生产的同时提高产量和净收入、降低环境成本的有效方法。
{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of the agronomic, environmental and economic benefits effects of nitrogen fertigation management on maize in Northeast China","authors":"Qian Li, Jingchao Yuan, Zhiquan Liu, Yubo Qin, Meng Wang, Lili Kong, Chen Xu, Caixia Yin","doi":"10.1080/1343943x.2023.2272341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2023.2272341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seeking economical, efficient and environmentally friendly nitrogen fertigation management strategies is extremely important for sustainable maize production. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four nitrogen fertilization methods N0: no nitrogen application; FP: applying 234 kg N ha−1 at sowing; NF1: applying 210 kg N ha−1, 50% N at sowing and 50% N fertigation at the V8 stage; and NF4: applying 210 kg N ha−1 sowing: 30%, fertigation at V8: 20%, V12: 20%, R1: 20%, R3: 10% on maize yield, nitrogen and water use efficiency, economic benefits and the environmental assessment in Northeast China. The results showed that compared with the FP treatment, the NF1 and NF4 treatments significantly increased maize yield by 13.2% and 18.6%, increased recovery efficiency of nitrogen (REN) by 38.6% and 68.4%, agronomic nitrogen efficiency (AEN) by 58.6% and 78.2%, water use efficiency (WUE) by 23.8% and 26.9%, and net income by 16.1% and 25.7%, respectively. Additionally, the treatments reduced the apparent nitrogen loss by 69.5% and 96.1%, nitrogen footprint by 34.4% and 37.4% and carbon footprint by 17.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The yield, REN and net income of NF4 were significantly higher than those of NF1 by 4.8%, 21.6% and 8.3%, respectively, and the nitrogen and carbon footprints of NF4 were significantly lower than those of NF1 by 4.6% and 4.6%, respectively. The NF4 treatment was recommended as an effective method for improving yield and net income and reducing the environmental cost while achieving sustainable maize production. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/1343943x.2023.2262755
Hideki Kurosaki, Shigekazu Koyano, Satoshi Aoyama
Aiming to produce soybean seeds with high yield and high isoflavone content in Hokkaido, which has cool weather, we evaluated the effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations (K,N,P,Mo) and sowing time on yield and seed isoflavone content using mainly a high-isoflavone variety, Yukipirika. Shading treatments of 50 % and 70 % during the seed filling stage in a greenhouse decreased both yield and isoflavone content. Applying four soil moisture treatments from pF 1.5 to pF 2.8 in the seed filling stage in a greenhouse gave a positive correlation between soil moisture and both yield and isoflavone content. K fertilization treatments with different amount and various types of fertilizers were conducted in fields at medium or high level of K2O in soils typical of Hokkaido uplands. The additional K treatments did not increase yield or isoflavone content significantly in the field experiments. N (urea foliar application) treatments in fields did not affect yield and isoflavone content significantly. And P (phosphite root application) and Mo (seed treatment) in fields did not change isoflavone content, either. Sowing two weeks and four weeks later than the standard sowing time in a field decreased the yield but did not change the isoflavone content. From a practical application perspective, for producing soybean seeds with high isoflavone contents and high yield in Hokkaido, it is effective to plant at a standard time with a normal amount of fertilizer in fields with minimum shade and to maintain the soil moisture at well-watered levels during the seed filling stage.
{"title":"Effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations and sowing time on isoflavone content of soybean seed in Hokkaido","authors":"Hideki Kurosaki, Shigekazu Koyano, Satoshi Aoyama","doi":"10.1080/1343943x.2023.2262755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2023.2262755","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to produce soybean seeds with high yield and high isoflavone content in Hokkaido, which has cool weather, we evaluated the effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations (K,N,P,Mo) and sowing time on yield and seed isoflavone content using mainly a high-isoflavone variety, Yukipirika. Shading treatments of 50 % and 70 % during the seed filling stage in a greenhouse decreased both yield and isoflavone content. Applying four soil moisture treatments from pF 1.5 to pF 2.8 in the seed filling stage in a greenhouse gave a positive correlation between soil moisture and both yield and isoflavone content. K fertilization treatments with different amount and various types of fertilizers were conducted in fields at medium or high level of K2O in soils typical of Hokkaido uplands. The additional K treatments did not increase yield or isoflavone content significantly in the field experiments. N (urea foliar application) treatments in fields did not affect yield and isoflavone content significantly. And P (phosphite root application) and Mo (seed treatment) in fields did not change isoflavone content, either. Sowing two weeks and four weeks later than the standard sowing time in a field decreased the yield but did not change the isoflavone content. From a practical application perspective, for producing soybean seeds with high isoflavone contents and high yield in Hokkaido, it is effective to plant at a standard time with a normal amount of fertilizer in fields with minimum shade and to maintain the soil moisture at well-watered levels during the seed filling stage.","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135867028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251183
Akina Mizumoto, M. Tanio, K. Nakazono, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Akira Uchino, Tetsushi Azuma
{"title":"Early ground rolling is highly effective in delaying spikelet initiation in early-sown spring wheat","authors":"Akina Mizumoto, M. Tanio, K. Nakazono, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Akira Uchino, Tetsushi Azuma","doi":"10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41765057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1080/1343943x.2023.2252146
Haruka Aratani, I. A. Rumanti, Yudhistira Nugraha, Takehiro Kamiya, Yuji Yamasaki, Y. Kato
{"title":"Differences in Fe toxicity response index and associated growth characteristics among rice genotypes","authors":"Haruka Aratani, I. A. Rumanti, Yudhistira Nugraha, Takehiro Kamiya, Yuji Yamasaki, Y. Kato","doi":"10.1080/1343943x.2023.2252146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2023.2252146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251181
Y Phoura, Ryo Ohtomo, Hiromi Nakanishi, Akihiko Kamoshita
Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may enhance crop growth in upland fields, depending on the water regime. To quantify changes in AMF infection rate and subsequent effects on nutrient uptake and growth, we grew rice (wetland crop) and pearl millet (dryland crop) genotypes with or without the commercial inoculant Dr. Kinkon (Glomus sp. R10) in Andosol upland fields in 2020 and 2021. Root infection rates were measured in shallow (0–10 cm) and deep (20–30 cm) layers under three water regimes: well-irrigated, half-irrigated, and non-irrigated. Inoculation enhanced shoot dry weight (SDW), plant height, tiller number, phosphorus (P) uptake, leaf water potential, photosynthetic rate (measured only in 2021) and root transversal area. The increase in SDW with inoculation was higher under well-irrigated than under water-limited conditions. The increment in pearl millet SDW was related to higher P uptake associated with higher infection rates, whereas that in rice SDW was related to maintenance of leaf water potential, greater root transversal area and root length density, and higher P uptake but not to infection rate parameters. Inoculation increased mycorrhizal and vesicular infection rates with the similar tendency for arbuscular infection rate and qPCR. Infection rates were similar across water regimes in both years despite significant differences in plant growth parameters with higher rates in deep than shallow layers. AMF inoculation enhanced infection rates, mostly independent of water regime, but plant growth enhancement was greater under the well-irrigated treatment and was more directly linked with infection rates in pearl millet.
{"title":"Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on infection and growth of rice and pearl millet in upland fields with three water regimes","authors":"Y Phoura, Ryo Ohtomo, Hiromi Nakanishi, Akihiko Kamoshita","doi":"10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251181","url":null,"abstract":"Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may enhance crop growth in upland fields, depending on the water regime. To quantify changes in AMF infection rate and subsequent effects on nutrient uptake and growth, we grew rice (wetland crop) and pearl millet (dryland crop) genotypes with or without the commercial inoculant Dr. Kinkon (Glomus sp. R10) in Andosol upland fields in 2020 and 2021. Root infection rates were measured in shallow (0–10 cm) and deep (20–30 cm) layers under three water regimes: well-irrigated, half-irrigated, and non-irrigated. Inoculation enhanced shoot dry weight (SDW), plant height, tiller number, phosphorus (P) uptake, leaf water potential, photosynthetic rate (measured only in 2021) and root transversal area. The increase in SDW with inoculation was higher under well-irrigated than under water-limited conditions. The increment in pearl millet SDW was related to higher P uptake associated with higher infection rates, whereas that in rice SDW was related to maintenance of leaf water potential, greater root transversal area and root length density, and higher P uptake but not to infection rate parameters. Inoculation increased mycorrhizal and vesicular infection rates with the similar tendency for arbuscular infection rate and qPCR. Infection rates were similar across water regimes in both years despite significant differences in plant growth parameters with higher rates in deep than shallow layers. AMF inoculation enhanced infection rates, mostly independent of water regime, but plant growth enhancement was greater under the well-irrigated treatment and was more directly linked with infection rates in pearl millet.","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136249020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251180
B. E. Ayamba, M. M. Buri, Ephraim Sekyi-Annan, K. Devkota, E. Dossou-Yovo, Ophelia Osei Ulzen, E. Adjei, Mohammed Musah, Nathaniel Biney
ABSTRACT Rice is an important food crop in Ghana. However, its production has constantly been below 40% of the demand, and most of the requirements meet from imports. Such low production level is largely attributed to farmers’ sub-optimal crop and water management practices. As an effort toward sustainably improving rice yield, three-season on-farm participatory experiments were conducted within the Biem watershed in Ghana to determine the potential of good agricultural practices (GAP) for closing the rice yield gap with agronomic and economic sustainability. Good agricultural practices were compared with 23 farmers’ traditional practices on lowland rice growth and yield, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency. The effect of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with GAP on grain yield of rice was also determined. Rice yield was on average 28% higher under GAP than farmers’ practices (FP). Alternate wetting and drying did not have significant effect on rice yield when compared to continuous flooding. However, when GAP was combined with AWD, rice yield was 13% higher than under FP. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that major gains in nitrogen use efficiency (+1.48 kg grain kg−1 N; +2.4%), and net profit (+694.35 USD ha−1; +59%) were achievable through the adoption of GAP. There is therefore, a high potential to close the lowland rice yield gap and achieve rice self-sufficiency through the adoption of GAP in the lowlands of the Inland valley of Ghana and similar rice production regions of West Africa.
{"title":"Increasing lowland rice yields of smallholder farmers through the adoption of good agricultural practices in the forest agro-ecological zone of Ghana","authors":"B. E. Ayamba, M. M. Buri, Ephraim Sekyi-Annan, K. Devkota, E. Dossou-Yovo, Ophelia Osei Ulzen, E. Adjei, Mohammed Musah, Nathaniel Biney","doi":"10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2023.2251180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rice is an important food crop in Ghana. However, its production has constantly been below 40% of the demand, and most of the requirements meet from imports. Such low production level is largely attributed to farmers’ sub-optimal crop and water management practices. As an effort toward sustainably improving rice yield, three-season on-farm participatory experiments were conducted within the Biem watershed in Ghana to determine the potential of good agricultural practices (GAP) for closing the rice yield gap with agronomic and economic sustainability. Good agricultural practices were compared with 23 farmers’ traditional practices on lowland rice growth and yield, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency. The effect of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with GAP on grain yield of rice was also determined. Rice yield was on average 28% higher under GAP than farmers’ practices (FP). Alternate wetting and drying did not have significant effect on rice yield when compared to continuous flooding. However, when GAP was combined with AWD, rice yield was 13% higher than under FP. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that major gains in nitrogen use efficiency (+1.48 kg grain kg−1 N; +2.4%), and net profit (+694.35 USD ha−1; +59%) were achievable through the adoption of GAP. There is therefore, a high potential to close the lowland rice yield gap and achieve rice self-sufficiency through the adoption of GAP in the lowlands of the Inland valley of Ghana and similar rice production regions of West Africa.","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2233161
Fumihiro Miyagawa, Naoki Shibatani, R. Morita, Daisuke Sasayama, T. Hatanaka, T. Azuma, H. Fukayama
ABSTRACT CO2-Responsive CCT Protein (CRCT) is suggested to be a positive regulator of starch synthesis-related genes in the vegetative organs of rice. To investigate the physiological function of CRCT, we produced CRCT knockout lines by CRISPR/Cas9 system. CRCT knockout tended to slightly reduce photosynthetic performance and had some adverse effects on growth parameters such as tiller number and straw dry weight. The starch content in the leaf sheath of CRCT knockout lines was significantly lower than that of wild-type. qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis showed that sucrose treatment induced the expression of CRCT, which, in turn, induced many starch synthesis-related genes in wild-type, whereas this induction did not occur in CRCT knockout lines. In conclusion, our results suggest that sugar induction of starch synthesis-related genes is almost fully dependent on CRCT, making it a necessary factor for normal photosynthesis and growth of rice. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effects of knockout of CO2-responsive CCT protein, a regulator of starch synthesis on physiological characteristics of rice","authors":"Fumihiro Miyagawa, Naoki Shibatani, R. Morita, Daisuke Sasayama, T. Hatanaka, T. Azuma, H. Fukayama","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2233161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2233161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT CO2-Responsive CCT Protein (CRCT) is suggested to be a positive regulator of starch synthesis-related genes in the vegetative organs of rice. To investigate the physiological function of CRCT, we produced CRCT knockout lines by CRISPR/Cas9 system. CRCT knockout tended to slightly reduce photosynthetic performance and had some adverse effects on growth parameters such as tiller number and straw dry weight. The starch content in the leaf sheath of CRCT knockout lines was significantly lower than that of wild-type. qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis showed that sucrose treatment induced the expression of CRCT, which, in turn, induced many starch synthesis-related genes in wild-type, whereas this induction did not occur in CRCT knockout lines. In conclusion, our results suggest that sugar induction of starch synthesis-related genes is almost fully dependent on CRCT, making it a necessary factor for normal photosynthesis and growth of rice. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"273 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47342062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2245127
Mayumi Kikuta, D. Menge, E. Gichuhi, H. Samejima, Rena Tomita, J. Kimani, R. Musila, K. Doi, M. Ashikari, Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim, K. Jena, D. Makihara
ABSTRACT In Kenya and many other African countries, improving rice productivity is vital for future food security. To improve rice productivity in Kenya, near-isogenic lines (NIL) were developed by introducing Gn1a and WFP, genes that function to increase grain number per panicle by increasing secondary and primary rachis-branches, into NERICA 1, a registered variety in Kenya. The aim of this study was to determine whether the introduction of these genes has the potential to improve rice productivity under tropical highland conditions in central Kenya. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at a lowland rice field in Mwea, Kenya, under different nitrogen fertilization conditions using three lines of NERICA 1 introgressed with Gn1a and/or WFP (NIL-Gn1a, NIL-WFP, and NIL-Gn1a+WFP) and their recurrent parents, NERICA 1. Two years of field experiments revealed that the introgression lines enhanced grain yield by increasing the number of primary and secondary rachis-branches and the number of grains per panicle. Gn1a and WFP showed additive effects and the introgression of both genes alleviated the negative effects on yield components observed in the introgressed lines, resulting in higher grain yield. Sufficient nitrogen fertilization was required to increase yield in the single-gene introgression lines. However, the line with both Gn1a and WFP achieved reasonable yields even under low fertilizer conditions in Mwea, Kenya. As these introgression lines have similar growing characteristics to their parent variety, they are expected to contribute to increased rice production in Kenya and similar environments in sub-Saharan Africa. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Contribution of genes related to grain number (Gn1a and WFP) introgressed into NERICA 1 to grain yield under tropical highland conditions in central Kenya","authors":"Mayumi Kikuta, D. Menge, E. Gichuhi, H. Samejima, Rena Tomita, J. Kimani, R. Musila, K. Doi, M. Ashikari, Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim, K. Jena, D. Makihara","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2245127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2245127","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Kenya and many other African countries, improving rice productivity is vital for future food security. To improve rice productivity in Kenya, near-isogenic lines (NIL) were developed by introducing Gn1a and WFP, genes that function to increase grain number per panicle by increasing secondary and primary rachis-branches, into NERICA 1, a registered variety in Kenya. The aim of this study was to determine whether the introduction of these genes has the potential to improve rice productivity under tropical highland conditions in central Kenya. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at a lowland rice field in Mwea, Kenya, under different nitrogen fertilization conditions using three lines of NERICA 1 introgressed with Gn1a and/or WFP (NIL-Gn1a, NIL-WFP, and NIL-Gn1a+WFP) and their recurrent parents, NERICA 1. Two years of field experiments revealed that the introgression lines enhanced grain yield by increasing the number of primary and secondary rachis-branches and the number of grains per panicle. Gn1a and WFP showed additive effects and the introgression of both genes alleviated the negative effects on yield components observed in the introgressed lines, resulting in higher grain yield. Sufficient nitrogen fertilization was required to increase yield in the single-gene introgression lines. However, the line with both Gn1a and WFP achieved reasonable yields even under low fertilizer conditions in Mwea, Kenya. As these introgression lines have similar growing characteristics to their parent variety, they are expected to contribute to increased rice production in Kenya and similar environments in sub-Saharan Africa. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"309 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49513744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2241712
K. Saito, K. Senthilkumar, E. Dossou-Yovo, I. Ali, J-M. Johnson, G. Mujawamariya, J. Rodenburg
ABSTRACT Rice production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has increaed ten-fold since 1961, whereas its consumption has exceeded the production and the regional self-sufficiency rate is only 48% in 2020. Increase in rice production has come mainly from increased harvested area. Yield increase has been limited and the current average yield in SSA is around 2 t ha−1. This paper aims to provide the status quo of (i) current rice production and its challenges, (ii) selected achievements in rice agronomy research mainly by the Africa Rice Center and its partners, and (iii) perspectives for future research on rice agronomy in SSA. The major problems confronting rice production include low yield in rainfed environments, accounting for 70% of the total rice harvested area. Rainfed rice yields are strongly affected by climate extremes such as water stresses, soil-related constraints, and sub-optimum natural resource management and crop management practices by smallholder farmers including poor water management, and suboptimal use of fertilizers, herbicides, and machineries. For alleviating these constraints, a wide range of technologies have been developed and introduced over the last three decades. These include water conservation technologies in rainfed and irrigated lowland rice, site-specific nutrient management practices, decision support tools such as crop growth simulation models, and labor-saving technologies. We conclude that further research efforts are needed to develop locally adapted agronomic solutions for sustainable intensification, especially in rainfed rice to enhance the resilience to climate change and increase land and labor productivity and sustainability of rice cultivation in SSA. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
自1961年以来，撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)的水稻产量增长了10倍，但其消费量超过了产量，2020年该地区的自给率仅为48%。水稻产量的增加主要是由于收获面积的增加。产量增长有限，目前SSA的平均产量约为2 t ha - 1。本文旨在提供(i)当前水稻生产现状及其面临的挑战，(ii)主要由非洲水稻中心及其合作伙伴在水稻农学研究方面取得的成就，以及(iii)对未来SSA水稻农学研究的展望。水稻生产面临的主要问题包括雨养环境的低产量，占水稻总收获面积的70%。旱作水稻产量受到极端气候的严重影响，如水资源紧张、与土壤有关的制约因素，以及小农的自然资源管理和作物管理实践不理想，包括水资源管理不善，以及化肥、除草剂和机械使用不理想。为了减轻这些限制，在过去的三十年中已经开发和引入了广泛的技术。这些技术包括旱作和灌溉低地水稻的节水技术、特定地点的养分管理实践、诸如作物生长模拟模型等决策支持工具以及节省劳动力的技术。我们认为，需要进一步研究开发适合当地的可持续集约化农艺解决方案，特别是在旱作水稻方面，以增强对气候变化的适应能力，提高南撒哈拉地区水稻种植的土地和劳动生产率和可持续性。图形抽象
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