Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2211277
Noriko Kanno, R. Garcia, R. Suralta, A. M. Corales, C. Bueno, N. Banayo, P. S. Sta. Cruz, Virender Kumar, Y. Kato
ABSTRACT Dry direct seeding of rice (DDSR) is being increasingly used in water-scarce areas across Asia. When drought occurs, deep sowing may enable germinating seeds to utilize the residual moisture below the surface. Our objective was to examine the effects of different sowing depths on DDSR crop growth. Two yield experiments, one in the Philippines and the other in Japan, were established in rainfed lowlands, but drought did not occur. Across the experiments, sowing at a depth of 6 to 7 cm reduced the percentage of emergence compared with sowing at a depth of 1 to 2 cm (25% vs. 73%), which resulted in lower yield (3.5 vs. 4.4 t ha−1). The relative yield (deep-sowing/shallow-sowing) was positively correlated with the percentage emergence under deep sowing. Cultivars with no significant yield reduction under deep sowing maintained high emergence (>30%) under deep sowing. Seedling’s ability to emerge after deep sowing greatly differed among cultivars: the percentage emergence ranging from 0% to 18% from a depth of 8 to 10 cm, and from 11% to 44% from a depth of 6 to 7 cm. An ancillary field experiment was conducted under drought during the dry season in the Philippines: deep sowing increased the percentage emergence compared with shallow sowing (41% vs. 5%), when the soil surface was severely dry. Our results suggest that choosing cultivars that can tolerate deep sowing is a prerequisite for using deep sowing in DDSR, and that future breeding of DDSR should focus on this tolerance. Graphical abstract
水稻干播技术(DDSR)在亚洲缺水地区的应用越来越广泛。当干旱发生时，深播可以使发芽的种子利用地表下的剩余水分。我们的目的是研究不同播种深度对DDSR作物生长的影响。两个产量试验，一个在菲律宾，另一个在日本，在雨水灌溉的低地建立，但没有发生干旱。在所有试验中，与1 ~ 2 cm播种深度相比，6 ~ 7 cm播种深度降低了出苗率(25% vs. 73%)，导致产量降低(3.5 vs. 4.4 t ha - 1)。深播下的相对产量(深播/浅播)与出苗率呈显著正相关。无显著减产的品种在深播条件下仍保持较高出苗率(约30%)。不同品种深播后的出苗能力差异很大:8 ~ 10 cm的出苗率为0% ~ 18%，6 ~ 7 cm的出苗率为11% ~ 44%。在菲律宾旱季干旱条件下进行了辅助田间试验:当土壤表面严重干燥时，深播比浅播增加出苗率(41%比5%)。研究结果表明，选择耐深播品种是深播技术应用的前提条件，今后的深播育种应以耐深播品种为重点。图形抽象
{"title":"Deep sowing of dry direct-seeded rice: cultivar differences in seedling establishment and grain yield","authors":"Noriko Kanno, R. Garcia, R. Suralta, A. M. Corales, C. Bueno, N. Banayo, P. S. Sta. Cruz, Virender Kumar, Y. Kato","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2211277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2211277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dry direct seeding of rice (DDSR) is being increasingly used in water-scarce areas across Asia. When drought occurs, deep sowing may enable germinating seeds to utilize the residual moisture below the surface. Our objective was to examine the effects of different sowing depths on DDSR crop growth. Two yield experiments, one in the Philippines and the other in Japan, were established in rainfed lowlands, but drought did not occur. Across the experiments, sowing at a depth of 6 to 7 cm reduced the percentage of emergence compared with sowing at a depth of 1 to 2 cm (25% vs. 73%), which resulted in lower yield (3.5 vs. 4.4 t ha−1). The relative yield (deep-sowing/shallow-sowing) was positively correlated with the percentage emergence under deep sowing. Cultivars with no significant yield reduction under deep sowing maintained high emergence (>30%) under deep sowing. Seedling’s ability to emerge after deep sowing greatly differed among cultivars: the percentage emergence ranging from 0% to 18% from a depth of 8 to 10 cm, and from 11% to 44% from a depth of 6 to 7 cm. An ancillary field experiment was conducted under drought during the dry season in the Philippines: deep sowing increased the percentage emergence compared with shallow sowing (41% vs. 5%), when the soil surface was severely dry. Our results suggest that choosing cultivars that can tolerate deep sowing is a prerequisite for using deep sowing in DDSR, and that future breeding of DDSR should focus on this tolerance. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"197 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2210766
H. Takaragawa, H. Matsuda
ABSTRACT To accelerate research on improving sugarcane biomass production, a rapid phenotyping method for individual leaf photosynthetic rates is required. Recently, a closed-type measurement system, which is faster, lighter, and less expensive than conventional open-type systems, has been developed and utilized for C3 crops. For future utilization of the system in phenotyping photosynthetic rates in sugarcane, which exhibits higher photosynthetic rate than C3 crops, diurnal changes and genotypic differences were measured simultaneously using an open-type and a closed-type system to verify the accuracy of the measurements in assessing environmental responses and genetic variation. As the relative root-mean-square error, a regression accuracy between the measurements with two systems, was <20% when evaluating diurnal changes and genotypic differences, closed system accurately evaluated photosynthetic rates in multiple samples. Overall, the measured values with the closed system tended to be higher than those with the open system, especially in high values above 30 µmol m−2 s−1. The reason for this was presumably not leaf morphology, such as stomatal distribution, but a fundamental difference in the measurement systems (steady-state values for the open system and instantaneous values for the closed system). The open system required 5–7 min to measure a single record, whereas the closed system could measure at <40 s per record. Although it would be desirable to develop a regression equation using measurements involving the open system for each cultivar to examine physiological response in detail, we conclude that the closed system has greater potential for use in phenotyping sugarcane photosynthesis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Rapid evaluation of leaf photosynthesis using a closed-chamber system in a C4 plant, sugarcane","authors":"H. Takaragawa, H. Matsuda","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2210766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2210766","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To accelerate research on improving sugarcane biomass production, a rapid phenotyping method for individual leaf photosynthetic rates is required. Recently, a closed-type measurement system, which is faster, lighter, and less expensive than conventional open-type systems, has been developed and utilized for C3 crops. For future utilization of the system in phenotyping photosynthetic rates in sugarcane, which exhibits higher photosynthetic rate than C3 crops, diurnal changes and genotypic differences were measured simultaneously using an open-type and a closed-type system to verify the accuracy of the measurements in assessing environmental responses and genetic variation. As the relative root-mean-square error, a regression accuracy between the measurements with two systems, was <20% when evaluating diurnal changes and genotypic differences, closed system accurately evaluated photosynthetic rates in multiple samples. Overall, the measured values with the closed system tended to be higher than those with the open system, especially in high values above 30 µmol m−2 s−1. The reason for this was presumably not leaf morphology, such as stomatal distribution, but a fundamental difference in the measurement systems (steady-state values for the open system and instantaneous values for the closed system). The open system required 5–7 min to measure a single record, whereas the closed system could measure at <40 s per record. Although it would be desirable to develop a regression equation using measurements involving the open system for each cultivar to examine physiological response in detail, we conclude that the closed system has greater potential for use in phenotyping sugarcane photosynthesis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"174 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42624047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2210767
Kota Nakajima, Yukie Tanaka, K. Katsura, Tomoaki Yamaguchi, Tomoya Watanabe, T. Shiraiwa
ABSTRACT Above-ground biomass (AGB) is an important indicator of crop productivity. Destructive measurements of AGB incur huge costs, and most non-destructive estimations cannot be applied to diverse cultivars having different canopy architectures. This insufficient access to AGB data has potentially limited improvements in crop productivity. Recently, a deep learning technique called convolutional neural network (CNN) has been applied to estimate crop AGB due to its high capacity for digital image recognition. However, the versatility of the CNN-based AGB estimation for diverse cultivars is still unclear. We established and evaluated a CNN-based estimation method for rice AGB using digital images with 59 diverse cultivars which were mostly in World Rice Core Collection. Across two years at two locations, we took 12,183 images of 59 cultivars with commercial digital cameras and manually obtained their corresponding AGB. The CNN model was established by using 28 cultivars and showed high accuracy (R2 = 0.95) to the test dataset. We further evaluated the performance of the CNN model by using 31 cultivars, which were not in the model establishment. The CNN model successfully estimated AGB when the observed AGB was lesser than 924 g m−2 (R2 = 0.87), whereas it underestimated AGB when the observed AGB was greater than 924 g m−2 (R2 = 0.02). This underestimation might be improved by adding training data with a greater AGB in further study. The present study indicates that this CNN-based estimation method is highly versatile and could be a practical tool for monitoring crop AGB in diverse cultivars.
摘要地上生物量是衡量作物生产力的重要指标。AGB的破坏性测量产生了巨大的成本，并且大多数非破坏性估计不能应用于具有不同冠层结构的不同品种。AGB数据的获取不足可能限制了作物生产力的提高。最近，一种名为卷积神经网络（CNN）的深度学习技术由于其高的数字图像识别能力而被应用于作物AGB的估计。然而，基于CNN的AGB估计对不同品种的多功能性仍然不清楚。我们使用59个不同品种的数字图像建立并评估了一种基于CNN的水稻AGB估计方法，这些品种大多在世界水稻核心种质中。在两年的时间里，我们在两个地点用商用数码相机拍摄了59个品种的12183张图像，并手动获得了它们相应的AGB。利用28个品种建立了CNN模型，并显示出较高的准确性（R2 = 0.95）到测试数据集。我们使用31个不在模型建立中的品种进一步评估了CNN模型的性能。当观测到的AGB小于924时，CNN模型成功地估计了AGB g m−2（R2 = 0.87），而当观察到的AGB大于924时，它低估了AGB g m−2（R2 = 0.02）。通过在进一步研究中添加具有更大AGB的训练数据，可以改善这种低估。本研究表明，这种基于CNN的估计方法具有高度的通用性，可以成为监测不同品种作物AGB的实用工具。
{"title":"Biomass estimation of World rice (Oryza sativa L.) core collection based on the convolutional neural network and digital images of canopy","authors":"Kota Nakajima, Yukie Tanaka, K. Katsura, Tomoaki Yamaguchi, Tomoya Watanabe, T. Shiraiwa","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2210767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2210767","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Above-ground biomass (AGB) is an important indicator of crop productivity. Destructive measurements of AGB incur huge costs, and most non-destructive estimations cannot be applied to diverse cultivars having different canopy architectures. This insufficient access to AGB data has potentially limited improvements in crop productivity. Recently, a deep learning technique called convolutional neural network (CNN) has been applied to estimate crop AGB due to its high capacity for digital image recognition. However, the versatility of the CNN-based AGB estimation for diverse cultivars is still unclear. We established and evaluated a CNN-based estimation method for rice AGB using digital images with 59 diverse cultivars which were mostly in World Rice Core Collection. Across two years at two locations, we took 12,183 images of 59 cultivars with commercial digital cameras and manually obtained their corresponding AGB. The CNN model was established by using 28 cultivars and showed high accuracy (R2 = 0.95) to the test dataset. We further evaluated the performance of the CNN model by using 31 cultivars, which were not in the model establishment. The CNN model successfully estimated AGB when the observed AGB was lesser than 924 g m−2 (R2 = 0.87), whereas it underestimated AGB when the observed AGB was greater than 924 g m−2 (R2 = 0.02). This underestimation might be improved by adding training data with a greater AGB in further study. The present study indicates that this CNN-based estimation method is highly versatile and could be a practical tool for monitoring crop AGB in diverse cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"187 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49195952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2196026
Jiuning Zhang, T. Shiraiwa, T. Katsube-Tanaka
ABSTRACT Green stem disorder (GSD) is an important agronomical problem in soybean production because it delays leaf and stem senescence and complicates the harvest. However, a rapid and precise diagnosis of GSD has not yet been established. In this study, the effect of depodding on GSD and vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulation was investigated in GSD-susceptible cultivar ‘Tachinagaha (Tc)’ and GSD-resistant experimental line ‘Touhoku 129 (Th)’ under two different (early and late) sowing dates in 2020 and 2021. Intact Tc plants showed relatively severe GSD at early sowing in 2020 and late sowing in 2021, whereas intact Th plants showed little GSD at both sowing dates and in both years. Meanwhile, depodding reproducibly induced GSD and increased stem weight for both Tc and Th. The relative VSP content peaked 14–21 days after R3 (DAR3) in intact plants and increased afterward in depodded plants. The relative VSP content differed at 28 DAR3 between intact and depodded plants, which was earlier than the timing when SPAD (soil plant analysis development) values differed, suggesting that VSP accumulation might be a better indicator of GSD than the SPAD value. The present study will contribute to the development of tools for diagnosing GSD. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Evaluation of the susceptibility to green stem disorder in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with vegetative storage protein accumulation","authors":"Jiuning Zhang, T. Shiraiwa, T. Katsube-Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2196026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2196026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green stem disorder (GSD) is an important agronomical problem in soybean production because it delays leaf and stem senescence and complicates the harvest. However, a rapid and precise diagnosis of GSD has not yet been established. In this study, the effect of depodding on GSD and vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulation was investigated in GSD-susceptible cultivar ‘Tachinagaha (Tc)’ and GSD-resistant experimental line ‘Touhoku 129 (Th)’ under two different (early and late) sowing dates in 2020 and 2021. Intact Tc plants showed relatively severe GSD at early sowing in 2020 and late sowing in 2021, whereas intact Th plants showed little GSD at both sowing dates and in both years. Meanwhile, depodding reproducibly induced GSD and increased stem weight for both Tc and Th. The relative VSP content peaked 14–21 days after R3 (DAR3) in intact plants and increased afterward in depodded plants. The relative VSP content differed at 28 DAR3 between intact and depodded plants, which was earlier than the timing when SPAD (soil plant analysis development) values differed, suggesting that VSP accumulation might be a better indicator of GSD than the SPAD value. The present study will contribute to the development of tools for diagnosing GSD. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"131 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2186900
T. Yoshihira, Haruka Suzuki, Toshiki Matsui, Song Liang, T. Shiraiwa
ABSTRACT The branching plasticity of soybean, i.e. its ability to adjust branch development to planting density, differs among cultivars. Field experiments are required to measure the degree of branching plasticity, but such experiments require a great deal of time and labor, and it is difficult to analyze and compare a large number of cultivars. A simple evaluation method needs to be established to investigate branching plasticity for a wide range of materials. Therefore, we conducted two methods to estimate this value. In the first method, we investigated the relationship between the number of branching nodes and intra-row planting distance with a gradient of distance between plants (5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm). The slope of the regression line between these two factors revealed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and was correlated with the measured values of branching plasticity determined in field experiments in 2015 and 2017. In the second method, the top of the stem was pinched out between the first and second leaf nodes at the V4 stage, and then the number of branch nodes was counted at maturity. There were differences in the number of branching nodes among cultivars, and a significant positive correlation between these values and the branching plasticity values measured in the 2015 and 2017 field experiments. Considering the time and effort required for field management and morphological surveys, the pinching method is considered to be an effective and simple method to evaluate branching plasticity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Simplified estimation of branching plasticity of soybean cultivars in relation to planting density by branch development in the row with the gradient of distance between plants and after pinching","authors":"T. Yoshihira, Haruka Suzuki, Toshiki Matsui, Song Liang, T. Shiraiwa","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2186900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2186900","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The branching plasticity of soybean, i.e. its ability to adjust branch development to planting density, differs among cultivars. Field experiments are required to measure the degree of branching plasticity, but such experiments require a great deal of time and labor, and it is difficult to analyze and compare a large number of cultivars. A simple evaluation method needs to be established to investigate branching plasticity for a wide range of materials. Therefore, we conducted two methods to estimate this value. In the first method, we investigated the relationship between the number of branching nodes and intra-row planting distance with a gradient of distance between plants (5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm). The slope of the regression line between these two factors revealed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and was correlated with the measured values of branching plasticity determined in field experiments in 2015 and 2017. In the second method, the top of the stem was pinched out between the first and second leaf nodes at the V4 stage, and then the number of branch nodes was counted at maturity. There were differences in the number of branching nodes among cultivars, and a significant positive correlation between these values and the branching plasticity values measured in the 2015 and 2017 field experiments. Considering the time and effort required for field management and morphological surveys, the pinching method is considered to be an effective and simple method to evaluate branching plasticity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"116 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47997494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2185531
Mari Namikawa, T. Yabiku, Maya Matsunami, T. Matsunami, T. Hasegawa
ABSTRACT Dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) cultivation is expected to reduce production costs compared with transplanted rice (TPR); however, its low N use efficiency (NUE) has hindered cost reduction. We conducted DDSR field experiments for 3 years using a standard cultivar (‘Akitakomachi’) and a high-yielding cultivar (‘Yumiazusa’) grown with a single application of coated urea (CU) or split applications of normal urea (NU) to determine factors limiting yield and NUE and compared growth and yields of TPR grown in adjacent fields. DDSR yield was lower than that of TPR at comparable N levels by 11% due to low fertilizer recovery rate, crop NUE (CNUE, yield per unit N uptake), and poor grain filling by meteorological factors. Crop N uptake at maturity in DDSR was similar to or even greater than that in TPR, but poor vegetative growth in DDSR and low crop N uptake until panicle formation (PF) resulted in limited spikelet density and CNUE compared with TPR. Analysis of the N uptake pattern suggests that enhancing early leaf development can improve N uptake until PF and thus CNUE in DDSR. NU yielded as much as CU, so it can potentially reduce the cost of production because of its lower price, but the optimal N proportion and application stage in the split application needs scrutinizing. ‘Yumiazusa’ had better initial growth, CNUE, and yield than ‘Akitakomachi’ in DDSR. To leverage these traits for further yield improvements, we also need to consider suitable phenological characteristics to ensure favorable climatic conditions during the grain-filling period. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Nitrogen uptake pattern of dry direct-seeded rice and its contribution to yields in northeastern Japan","authors":"Mari Namikawa, T. Yabiku, Maya Matsunami, T. Matsunami, T. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2185531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2185531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) cultivation is expected to reduce production costs compared with transplanted rice (TPR); however, its low N use efficiency (NUE) has hindered cost reduction. We conducted DDSR field experiments for 3 years using a standard cultivar (‘Akitakomachi’) and a high-yielding cultivar (‘Yumiazusa’) grown with a single application of coated urea (CU) or split applications of normal urea (NU) to determine factors limiting yield and NUE and compared growth and yields of TPR grown in adjacent fields. DDSR yield was lower than that of TPR at comparable N levels by 11% due to low fertilizer recovery rate, crop NUE (CNUE, yield per unit N uptake), and poor grain filling by meteorological factors. Crop N uptake at maturity in DDSR was similar to or even greater than that in TPR, but poor vegetative growth in DDSR and low crop N uptake until panicle formation (PF) resulted in limited spikelet density and CNUE compared with TPR. Analysis of the N uptake pattern suggests that enhancing early leaf development can improve N uptake until PF and thus CNUE in DDSR. NU yielded as much as CU, so it can potentially reduce the cost of production because of its lower price, but the optimal N proportion and application stage in the split application needs scrutinizing. ‘Yumiazusa’ had better initial growth, CNUE, and yield than ‘Akitakomachi’ in DDSR. To leverage these traits for further yield improvements, we also need to consider suitable phenological characteristics to ensure favorable climatic conditions during the grain-filling period. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"101 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88879036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2170257
Jiuning Zhang, T. Shiraiwa, T. Katsube-Tanaka
ABSTRACT Green stem disorder (GSD), characterized by delayed stem senescence during seed maturation, complicates harvesting in soybean production. Although GSD is associated with a sink – source imbalance, a rapid and precise evaluation of GSD has not been established. In sink-limited soybean plants, vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulates. In this study, pot and field experiments were conducted to reevaluate the relationship between GSD, sink – source imbalance caused by soil moisture change, and VSP accumulation as a possible indicator of GSD in Kyoto, Japan over two years. Drought treatment for four weeks from R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod), or R5 (beginning seed) growth stage in pots using the short growth-period cultivar Yukihomare reduced sink size in both years, but reduced relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight) and increased GSD severity only in 2017, suggesting that sink-source imbalance, affected by soil moisture, can induce GSD. Soil moisture change from around R3 or R5 to maturity in fields using trench-filled or unfilled water tended to change GSD severity but not VSP accumulation in the uppermost fully expanded leaves from R5 (2018) or 15 days before R5 (2019) to 28 days after R5. GSD and VSP responses, however, differed between the two contrasting cultivars, Tachinagaha and Touhoku 129, suggesting the potential usability of VSP for GSD evaluation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Analysis of vegetative storage protein accumulation in soybean cultivars expressing different green stem disorder severity affected by soil moisture change","authors":"Jiuning Zhang, T. Shiraiwa, T. Katsube-Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2170257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2170257","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green stem disorder (GSD), characterized by delayed stem senescence during seed maturation, complicates harvesting in soybean production. Although GSD is associated with a sink – source imbalance, a rapid and precise evaluation of GSD has not been established. In sink-limited soybean plants, vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulates. In this study, pot and field experiments were conducted to reevaluate the relationship between GSD, sink – source imbalance caused by soil moisture change, and VSP accumulation as a possible indicator of GSD in Kyoto, Japan over two years. Drought treatment for four weeks from R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod), or R5 (beginning seed) growth stage in pots using the short growth-period cultivar Yukihomare reduced sink size in both years, but reduced relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight) and increased GSD severity only in 2017, suggesting that sink-source imbalance, affected by soil moisture, can induce GSD. Soil moisture change from around R3 or R5 to maturity in fields using trench-filled or unfilled water tended to change GSD severity but not VSP accumulation in the uppermost fully expanded leaves from R5 (2018) or 15 days before R5 (2019) to 28 days after R5. GSD and VSP responses, however, differed between the two contrasting cultivars, Tachinagaha and Touhoku 129, suggesting the potential usability of VSP for GSD evaluation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"76 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47181170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2178469
Shuhei Yamamoto, Shuhei Nomoto, Naoyuki Hashimoto, M. Maki, C. Hongo, T. Shiraiwa, K. Homma
ABSTRACT Red crown rot (RCR) is a soil-borne disease that damages soybean growth and decreases yield. Infected plants show earlier defoliation and pencil-like roots, sometimes resulting in mortality. This disease became common relatively recently, and information about its field-scale appearance is insufficient. Insufficient data is a major constraint when planning countermeasures. In this study, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired images were used to visualize the spatial and time series variation in the area damaged by RCR in the same farmer fields in 2018 and 2020. Field investigation showed that RCR severely damaged soybean production. The reductions of yield were estimated at 17.5% and 12.7% in 2018 and 2020, respectively. The visualized damage clarified the difference in the increasing rate and patterns of RCR between the 2 years. In 2018, the damaged area expanded along the planting row to the whole field, but in 2020, the expansion along the planting row was not great, and half of the fields remained sparsely damage. This difference implies that various factors are associated with damage occurrence and pathogen distribution. The method applied in this study is effective in visualizing RCR damage, but further improvement is required in the evaluation of intermediate damage and the generalization of the evaluation procedure. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Monitoring spatial and time-series variations in red crown rot damage of soybean in farmer fields based on UAV remote sensing","authors":"Shuhei Yamamoto, Shuhei Nomoto, Naoyuki Hashimoto, M. Maki, C. Hongo, T. Shiraiwa, K. Homma","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2178469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2178469","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Red crown rot (RCR) is a soil-borne disease that damages soybean growth and decreases yield. Infected plants show earlier defoliation and pencil-like roots, sometimes resulting in mortality. This disease became common relatively recently, and information about its field-scale appearance is insufficient. Insufficient data is a major constraint when planning countermeasures. In this study, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired images were used to visualize the spatial and time series variation in the area damaged by RCR in the same farmer fields in 2018 and 2020. Field investigation showed that RCR severely damaged soybean production. The reductions of yield were estimated at 17.5% and 12.7% in 2018 and 2020, respectively. The visualized damage clarified the difference in the increasing rate and patterns of RCR between the 2 years. In 2018, the damaged area expanded along the planting row to the whole field, but in 2020, the expansion along the planting row was not great, and half of the fields remained sparsely damage. This difference implies that various factors are associated with damage occurrence and pathogen distribution. The method applied in this study is effective in visualizing RCR damage, but further improvement is required in the evaluation of intermediate damage and the generalization of the evaluation procedure. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"36 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2022.2160362
Tomohiro Nomura, Satoshi Ohkubo, A. Nagano, Ahmad Fahim Samadi, S. Adachi, T. Ookawa
ABSTRACT In rice (Oryza sativa L.), leaf sheaths enhance stem strength and lodging resistance. However, little is known about the factors that affect varietal differences and changes over time regarding leaf sheath reinforcement. In the present study, the morphological and physiological traits that are presumed to be related to leaf sheath reinforcement were examined in ‘Chugoku 117’ and ‘Koshihikari’, rice varieties with high and low degrees of leaf sheath reinforcement, respectively. The results showed that Chugoku 117 had thicker leaf sheaths and delayed leaf sheath senescence than Koshihikari, indicating that there were clear varietal differences in these traits. The bending moment at breaking with leaf sheath was correlated with senescence-associated traits, especially strongly correlated with the number of living leaf sheaths in both varieties. Among the components examined in the present study, only starch content was significantly positively correlated with both varieties. On the other hand, the starch in the leaf sheath disappeared in the latter stage of ripening due to translocation to sinks, suggesting that it contributes to stem strength only up to the early stages of ripening. The findings suggest that rice stem strength can be increased by thickening the leaf sheaths and delaying leaf sheath senescence. Thus, in addition to the physical properties of the culm, such as shortening (semi-dwarfing) and strengthening, the findings of the present study provide a new breeding strategy for improving breaking-type lodging resistance in rice. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Physiological and morphological factors affecting leaf sheath reinforcement and their contribution to lodging resistance in rice","authors":"Tomohiro Nomura, Satoshi Ohkubo, A. Nagano, Ahmad Fahim Samadi, S. Adachi, T. Ookawa","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2022.2160362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2022.2160362","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In rice (Oryza sativa L.), leaf sheaths enhance stem strength and lodging resistance. However, little is known about the factors that affect varietal differences and changes over time regarding leaf sheath reinforcement. In the present study, the morphological and physiological traits that are presumed to be related to leaf sheath reinforcement were examined in ‘Chugoku 117’ and ‘Koshihikari’, rice varieties with high and low degrees of leaf sheath reinforcement, respectively. The results showed that Chugoku 117 had thicker leaf sheaths and delayed leaf sheath senescence than Koshihikari, indicating that there were clear varietal differences in these traits. The bending moment at breaking with leaf sheath was correlated with senescence-associated traits, especially strongly correlated with the number of living leaf sheaths in both varieties. Among the components examined in the present study, only starch content was significantly positively correlated with both varieties. On the other hand, the starch in the leaf sheath disappeared in the latter stage of ripening due to translocation to sinks, suggesting that it contributes to stem strength only up to the early stages of ripening. The findings suggest that rice stem strength can be increased by thickening the leaf sheaths and delaying leaf sheath senescence. Thus, in addition to the physical properties of the culm, such as shortening (semi-dwarfing) and strengthening, the findings of the present study provide a new breeding strategy for improving breaking-type lodging resistance in rice. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"48 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2022.2161401
Quanshu Luo, Daisuke Sasayama, Misaki Nakazawa, T. Hatanaka, H. Fukayama, T. Azuma
ABSTRACT Partial submergence of Oryza sativa deepwater rice elicits enhancement of internodal elongation, referred to as deepwater response, conferred by three types of genes, SNORKEL1/2 (SK1/2), SEMIDWARF1 (SD1), and ACCELERATOR OF INTERNODE ELONGATION 1 (ACE1). We investigated the presence and expression of these genes in the African cultivated rice Oryza glaberrima and the relationship between these genes and the deepwater response of O. glaberrima. In 49 of the 50 accessions tested, one or two SK genes were identified, which could be divided into three types of SK1 and four types of SK2. The accessions with the SK2 type whose expression was induced by submergence demonstrated rapid internodal elongation under submergence. In most of these accessions, submergence also increased the expression of SD1 and ACE1 genes. However, the accessions did not possess the haplotype of SD1 that is associated with high deepwater response in O. sativa. In contrast, they possessed the type of ACE1 gene similar to that in O. sativa deepwater rice. These results indicate that the molecular mechanisms underlying induction of deepwater response in O. glaberrima are similar to that found in deepwater rice of O. sativa and suggest that most O. glaberrima cultivars, including upland cultivars, can exhibit rapid internodal elongation under submergence. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Deepwater response in the African cultivated rice Oryza glaberrima","authors":"Quanshu Luo, Daisuke Sasayama, Misaki Nakazawa, T. Hatanaka, H. Fukayama, T. Azuma","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2022.2161401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2022.2161401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Partial submergence of Oryza sativa deepwater rice elicits enhancement of internodal elongation, referred to as deepwater response, conferred by three types of genes, SNORKEL1/2 (SK1/2), SEMIDWARF1 (SD1), and ACCELERATOR OF INTERNODE ELONGATION 1 (ACE1). We investigated the presence and expression of these genes in the African cultivated rice Oryza glaberrima and the relationship between these genes and the deepwater response of O. glaberrima. In 49 of the 50 accessions tested, one or two SK genes were identified, which could be divided into three types of SK1 and four types of SK2. The accessions with the SK2 type whose expression was induced by submergence demonstrated rapid internodal elongation under submergence. In most of these accessions, submergence also increased the expression of SD1 and ACE1 genes. However, the accessions did not possess the haplotype of SD1 that is associated with high deepwater response in O. sativa. In contrast, they possessed the type of ACE1 gene similar to that in O. sativa deepwater rice. These results indicate that the molecular mechanisms underlying induction of deepwater response in O. glaberrima are similar to that found in deepwater rice of O. sativa and suggest that most O. glaberrima cultivars, including upland cultivars, can exhibit rapid internodal elongation under submergence. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"65 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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