Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231560
A. Takamoto, Tomoki Takahashi, Kazuki Togami, Ai Hishinuma
ABSTRACT Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] is used widely for soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. production in Japan to amend soil pH, although magnesium (Mg) in the dolomite can inhibit soybean growth and yield. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Mg on soybean production in a paddy – upland rotation field in 2019–2020 by comparing the application of dolomite and calcite (CaCO3). The field test included three replications with three lime applications: control (no lime), dolomite, and calcite. The amounts of calcite and dolomite applied in each year were 253 and 259 g m−2, respectively. The soil pH was almost similar following the applications of calcite and dolomite, whereas the soil exchangeable Mg content was higher following the dolomite application than following the other applications. The shoot weight from the flowering stage to the harvest stage (R8) was significantly higher following the calcite application than following the other applications. However, the shoot weight at only R8 was significantly higher following the dolomite application than following the control application. In 2019–2020, the highest soybean yield was resulted from the calcite application (355 g m−2) followed by the dolomite application (312 g m−2) and the control application (260 g m−2). The severity of soil-borne diseases was lower following the dolomite application than following the control application, and even lower following the calcite application. Thus, the application of dolomite increased soybean yield by improving soil pH; however, Mg in the dolomite inhibited a further increase in soybean yield in a paddy – upland rotation field. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
白云石[CaMg（CO3）2]广泛用于大豆、大豆和大豆中。尽管白云石中的镁（Mg）会抑制大豆的生长和产量，但日本的生产可以改善土壤pH值。本研究的目的是通过比较白云石和方解石（CaCO3）的应用，确定镁对2019-2020年稻田-旱地轮作田大豆生产的影响。现场试验包括三次重复，三次施用石灰：对照（无石灰）、白云石和方解石。每年施用的方解石和白云石的数量分别为253和259 g m−2。施用方解石和白云石后，土壤pH值几乎相似，而施用白云石后的土壤交换性镁含量高于其他施用。施用方解石后，从开花期到收获期的茎重（R8）显著高于施用其他施用。然而，施用白云石后，仅R8的芽重显著高于施用对照后的芽重。2019-2020年，大豆产量最高的是施用方解石（355 g m−2），然后施用白云石（312 g m−2）和控制应用程序（260 g m−2）。施用白云石后土壤传播疾病的严重程度低于对照施用，施用方解石后甚至更低。因此，施用白云石可以通过改善土壤pH值来提高大豆产量；然而，白云石中的镁抑制了水稻-旱地轮作田大豆产量的进一步增加。图形摘要
{"title":"Responses of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. to dolomite and calcite fertilization in an upland field converted from a paddy field","authors":"A. Takamoto, Tomoki Takahashi, Kazuki Togami, Ai Hishinuma","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231560","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] is used widely for soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. production in Japan to amend soil pH, although magnesium (Mg) in the dolomite can inhibit soybean growth and yield. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Mg on soybean production in a paddy – upland rotation field in 2019–2020 by comparing the application of dolomite and calcite (CaCO3). The field test included three replications with three lime applications: control (no lime), dolomite, and calcite. The amounts of calcite and dolomite applied in each year were 253 and 259 g m−2, respectively. The soil pH was almost similar following the applications of calcite and dolomite, whereas the soil exchangeable Mg content was higher following the dolomite application than following the other applications. The shoot weight from the flowering stage to the harvest stage (R8) was significantly higher following the calcite application than following the other applications. However, the shoot weight at only R8 was significantly higher following the dolomite application than following the control application. In 2019–2020, the highest soybean yield was resulted from the calcite application (355 g m−2) followed by the dolomite application (312 g m−2) and the control application (260 g m−2). The severity of soil-borne diseases was lower following the dolomite application than following the control application, and even lower following the calcite application. Thus, the application of dolomite increased soybean yield by improving soil pH; however, Mg in the dolomite inhibited a further increase in soybean yield in a paddy – upland rotation field. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"259 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41843024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2236344
Y. Sagehashi
ABSTRACT Tolerance to low temperatures can be enhanced in plants acclimated to low but harmless temperatures. This study examined chilling survival (4°C for 10 days) in 10-day-old Hokkaido rice cultivar seedlings following an initial acclimation at 12°C for five days. In addition, the effect of acclimation on changes in soluble sugar content in shoot tissue was examined. Acclimation resulted in 88–100% survival of six Hokkaido rice cultivars subsequently subjected to chilling compared with no survival among unacclimated seedlings. Acclimation of the Hokkaido rice cultivars ‘Oboroduki’ and ‘Kitaaoba’ extended the chilling exposure survival time by eight and 10 days, respectively. Soluble sugar contents in the rice shoots increased during the acclimation treatment, which peaked on the third day, especially that of sucrose. Upon exposure to chilling, the sucrose content decreased through day five in acclimated plants, whereas it increased in unacclimated plants compared with pre-chilling levels. The oligosaccharide contents increased in the acclimated and unacclimated plants upon exposure to chilling, with higher contents at days five and 10 in the acclimated plants than in unacclimated plants. Rice plants with high survival rates after chilling acclimation treatment tended to have higher oligosaccharide content. Furthermore, chilling acclimated rice seedlings showed higher survival rates and better initial growth than those of rice seedlings that had not been acclimated outdoors. These results highlight the potential of chilling acclimation establishment in rice seedlings before paddy transplantation to facilitate tolerance to short-term low temperatures. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Rice plants exhibit increased chilling tolerance and oligosaccharide production after acclimation","authors":"Y. Sagehashi","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2236344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2236344","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tolerance to low temperatures can be enhanced in plants acclimated to low but harmless temperatures. This study examined chilling survival (4°C for 10 days) in 10-day-old Hokkaido rice cultivar seedlings following an initial acclimation at 12°C for five days. In addition, the effect of acclimation on changes in soluble sugar content in shoot tissue was examined. Acclimation resulted in 88–100% survival of six Hokkaido rice cultivars subsequently subjected to chilling compared with no survival among unacclimated seedlings. Acclimation of the Hokkaido rice cultivars ‘Oboroduki’ and ‘Kitaaoba’ extended the chilling exposure survival time by eight and 10 days, respectively. Soluble sugar contents in the rice shoots increased during the acclimation treatment, which peaked on the third day, especially that of sucrose. Upon exposure to chilling, the sucrose content decreased through day five in acclimated plants, whereas it increased in unacclimated plants compared with pre-chilling levels. The oligosaccharide contents increased in the acclimated and unacclimated plants upon exposure to chilling, with higher contents at days five and 10 in the acclimated plants than in unacclimated plants. Rice plants with high survival rates after chilling acclimation treatment tended to have higher oligosaccharide content. Furthermore, chilling acclimated rice seedlings showed higher survival rates and better initial growth than those of rice seedlings that had not been acclimated outdoors. These results highlight the potential of chilling acclimation establishment in rice seedlings before paddy transplantation to facilitate tolerance to short-term low temperatures. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"287 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2236775
T. Tsukaguchi, Teruki Miyamae, Ami Morikawa, Ryota Yonezawa, Daiki Sekine, Y. Fujihara
ABSTRACT We aimed to associate unmanned aerial vehicle – acquired vegetation index (VI) with the percentage of several kinds of imperfect grains and grain protein content (GPC) for use as an indicator of rice grain quality. The cultivars ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Ishikawa 65’ were grown in the field from 2019 to 2022 at various N application rates. From 20 days before heading to 10 days after heading, the field was imaged with a multispectral camera to construct VI maps. We measured the chlorophyll index at heading (CIG 0) and two climate factors, mean air temperature in the 20-day period after heading (T +20) and cumulative solar radiation in the 20-day period before heading (R −20). At maturity, we harvested plants to determine grain yield and quality. We assessed the percentages of two types of chalky grains basal-white and white-back grains (BBWG), milky-white grains (MWG), as well as other types of immature grains (OTG) and GPC. In Koshihikari, CIG 0 and climate factors were associated with BBWG and MWG, whereas in Ishikawa 65, they were associated with BBWG, MWG, and OTG. Based on these findings, the response of BBWG, MWG, OTG, and GPC to CIG 0 was estimated using the mean T +20 and R −20 values from the last 10 years. We found that as CIG 0 increases, the sum of BBWG and MWG decreases in Koshihikari, whereas the sum of BBWG, OTG, and MWG increases in Ishikawa 65. Thus, CIG 0 is an acceptable indicator of grain quality in rice. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Estimation of grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by UAV-acquired vegetation index and climate factors","authors":"T. Tsukaguchi, Teruki Miyamae, Ami Morikawa, Ryota Yonezawa, Daiki Sekine, Y. Fujihara","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2236775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2236775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We aimed to associate unmanned aerial vehicle – acquired vegetation index (VI) with the percentage of several kinds of imperfect grains and grain protein content (GPC) for use as an indicator of rice grain quality. The cultivars ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Ishikawa 65’ were grown in the field from 2019 to 2022 at various N application rates. From 20 days before heading to 10 days after heading, the field was imaged with a multispectral camera to construct VI maps. We measured the chlorophyll index at heading (CIG 0) and two climate factors, mean air temperature in the 20-day period after heading (T +20) and cumulative solar radiation in the 20-day period before heading (R −20). At maturity, we harvested plants to determine grain yield and quality. We assessed the percentages of two types of chalky grains basal-white and white-back grains (BBWG), milky-white grains (MWG), as well as other types of immature grains (OTG) and GPC. In Koshihikari, CIG 0 and climate factors were associated with BBWG and MWG, whereas in Ishikawa 65, they were associated with BBWG, MWG, and OTG. Based on these findings, the response of BBWG, MWG, OTG, and GPC to CIG 0 was estimated using the mean T +20 and R −20 values from the last 10 years. We found that as CIG 0 increases, the sum of BBWG and MWG decreases in Koshihikari, whereas the sum of BBWG, OTG, and MWG increases in Ishikawa 65. Thus, CIG 0 is an acceptable indicator of grain quality in rice. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"297 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44814623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231502
Jiabin Bian, M. Toyota, M. Morokuma
ABSTRACT Detailed information on the root system under drip irrigation will help in more efficient irrigation scheduling. Although input of previous crop residues is effective in increasing soil fertility, little is known about its effect on the root system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of irrigation methods (drip or flood) and different management of previous crop residues on root morphological characteristics and its distribution and physiological functions of the rice cultivar ‘Hinohikari’. Experiments were conducted in the paddy field on the university farm (input previous crop residues every year) for both drip and flood irrigation and the paddy and upland field (no input previous crop residues) on the campus of the faculty under flood and drip irrigation. Plant root was sampled with a core sampler (ø 5.5 cm × 30 cm), and root length and surface area were determined using image analysis. Drip irrigation did not change root length compared to flood irrigation, but the root system was heavier and individual root thickness tended to increase compared to flood irrigation. The root depth index was significantly deeper in drip irrigation than in flood irrigation. The bleeding rates were significantly higher in flood irrigation than in drip irrigation. Applying previous crop residues significantly improve root length mainly at the upper soil layers. The mechanisms for enhancing root growth by applying previous crop residues need to be explored individually in flood and drip irrigation, in which physical and chemical properties in soil are largely different. Graphical Abstract
滴灌条件下根系的详细信息将有助于更有效的灌溉调度。虽然以前作物残茬的投入对提高土壤肥力是有效的，但对其对根系的影响知之甚少。研究了不同灌溉方式(滴灌、淹灌)和不同残茬处理方式对“日光”水稻根系形态特征及其分布和生理功能的影响。实验在大学农场的水田(每年投入前茬作物残留物)进行滴灌和漫灌，在学院校园的水田和旱田(不投入前茬作物残留物)进行漫灌和滴灌。采用ø 5.5 cm × 30 cm的芯样器对植物根系进行采样，通过图像分析确定根系长度和表面积。与漫灌相比，滴灌对根系长度没有影响，但根系较重，单根粗细有增加的趋势。滴灌处理的根深指数显著高于漫灌处理。漫灌的出血率显著高于滴灌。施用前茬作物残茬显著提高根系长度，主要在上层土壤。在土壤物理和化学性质有很大差异的洪涝和滴灌条件下，利用前茬作物残茬促进根系生长的机制需要分别探索。图形抽象
{"title":"Effect of flood and drip irrigation and difference of previous crop residue input on morphological and physiological traits in rice root","authors":"Jiabin Bian, M. Toyota, M. Morokuma","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Detailed information on the root system under drip irrigation will help in more efficient irrigation scheduling. Although input of previous crop residues is effective in increasing soil fertility, little is known about its effect on the root system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of irrigation methods (drip or flood) and different management of previous crop residues on root morphological characteristics and its distribution and physiological functions of the rice cultivar ‘Hinohikari’. Experiments were conducted in the paddy field on the university farm (input previous crop residues every year) for both drip and flood irrigation and the paddy and upland field (no input previous crop residues) on the campus of the faculty under flood and drip irrigation. Plant root was sampled with a core sampler (ø 5.5 cm × 30 cm), and root length and surface area were determined using image analysis. Drip irrigation did not change root length compared to flood irrigation, but the root system was heavier and individual root thickness tended to increase compared to flood irrigation. The root depth index was significantly deeper in drip irrigation than in flood irrigation. The bleeding rates were significantly higher in flood irrigation than in drip irrigation. Applying previous crop residues significantly improve root length mainly at the upper soil layers. The mechanisms for enhancing root growth by applying previous crop residues need to be explored individually in flood and drip irrigation, in which physical and chemical properties in soil are largely different. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"249 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44727886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2228500
Masaki Okamura, R. Morita, Yumiko Arai-Sanoh, H. Yoshida, H. Nakagawa, N. Aoki
ABSTRACT Accurate estimation of sink capacity in rice (grain number × potential grain size), independent of grain filling, is necessary for considering source – sink interactions. However, how to measure potential grain size is still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the effect of modifying the grain-filling environment on 1000-grain weight of grains screened by specific gravity or brown rice thickness, grain projected area (‘grain area’), or husk weight as candidate indicators of potential grain size using a japonica cultivar Koshihikari and its near-isogenic line with greater spikelet number. We found grain area to be the best, followed by 1000-grain weight. We developed a novel method to calculate sink capacity from grain area; the method was developed based on the relationship between individual grain weight and grain area. Comparison with the conventional method based on 1000-grain weight showed that although the method based on grain area is more accurate, that based on 1000-grain weight is useful enough, because screening by specific gravity or brown rice thickness selected filled grains well, and the effect of the grain-filling environment on 1000-grain weight was limited. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Estimation of sink capacity of rice grains: A comparison of calculation methods based on 1000-grain weight and grain projected area","authors":"Masaki Okamura, R. Morita, Yumiko Arai-Sanoh, H. Yoshida, H. Nakagawa, N. Aoki","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2228500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2228500","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accurate estimation of sink capacity in rice (grain number × potential grain size), independent of grain filling, is necessary for considering source – sink interactions. However, how to measure potential grain size is still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the effect of modifying the grain-filling environment on 1000-grain weight of grains screened by specific gravity or brown rice thickness, grain projected area (‘grain area’), or husk weight as candidate indicators of potential grain size using a japonica cultivar Koshihikari and its near-isogenic line with greater spikelet number. We found grain area to be the best, followed by 1000-grain weight. We developed a novel method to calculate sink capacity from grain area; the method was developed based on the relationship between individual grain weight and grain area. Comparison with the conventional method based on 1000-grain weight showed that although the method based on grain area is more accurate, that based on 1000-grain weight is useful enough, because screening by specific gravity or brown rice thickness selected filled grains well, and the effect of the grain-filling environment on 1000-grain weight was limited. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"236 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44043827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Ginger tissue culture seedlings can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. However, they have several branches, small ginger bulbs, and slow seed recovery. Strigolactone can inhibit the growth of lateral buds, adjust plant types, and increase crop yield. This study used exogenous strigolactone to treat tissue-cultured ginger and assess its effects on growth, dry matter accumulation, and yield. The results showed that the number of branches and ginger bulbs per plant decreased significantly with the application of exogenous GR24 (Synthetic analog of strigolactone, rac-GR24), and higher concentrations led to a greater decrease. Plant height, stem diameter, root, rhizome, stem sheath, leaf and plant dry matter accumulation, average ginger bulb weight, and yield increased significantly, increasing initially and then decreasing with increasing concentration. Depending on the concentrations, exogenous strigolactone can inhibit the branching of tissue-cultured ginger, reduce the number of branches, increase plant height and stem diameter, optimize the aboveground plant type, increase dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio, decrease the number of ginger bulbs per plant, increase the average ginger ball weight, and increase yield. When the GR24 concentration was further increased, the number of branches, the plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, root shoot ratio, ginger bulbs per plant, average weight of ginger bulbs, and ginger yield decreased. Treatment with 7.5 um L−1 of exogenous GR24 could optimize the plant type of tissue-cultured ginger and increase yield. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Effects of exogenous strigolactone on growth, dry matter accumulation, and yield of tissue-cultured ginger","authors":"Xixi Dong, Yun Ren, Caiyun Chen, Guoqing Sun, Youqun Zhou, Yanglin Shi, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2226878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2226878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ginger tissue culture seedlings can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. However, they have several branches, small ginger bulbs, and slow seed recovery. Strigolactone can inhibit the growth of lateral buds, adjust plant types, and increase crop yield. This study used exogenous strigolactone to treat tissue-cultured ginger and assess its effects on growth, dry matter accumulation, and yield. The results showed that the number of branches and ginger bulbs per plant decreased significantly with the application of exogenous GR24 (Synthetic analog of strigolactone, rac-GR24), and higher concentrations led to a greater decrease. Plant height, stem diameter, root, rhizome, stem sheath, leaf and plant dry matter accumulation, average ginger bulb weight, and yield increased significantly, increasing initially and then decreasing with increasing concentration. Depending on the concentrations, exogenous strigolactone can inhibit the branching of tissue-cultured ginger, reduce the number of branches, increase plant height and stem diameter, optimize the aboveground plant type, increase dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio, decrease the number of ginger bulbs per plant, increase the average ginger ball weight, and increase yield. When the GR24 concentration was further increased, the number of branches, the plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, root shoot ratio, ginger bulbs per plant, average weight of ginger bulbs, and ginger yield decreased. Treatment with 7.5 um L−1 of exogenous GR24 could optimize the plant type of tissue-cultured ginger and increase yield. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"225 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45664308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2215448
P. Luyện, A. Kamoshita
ABSTRACT Sporadic salinity caused by seawater intrusion is a serious concern for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam, and guidance for on-farm agronomic management is needed. Three sets of on-farm experiments – namely, trials of (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer use (replicated trials and surveys of farmer fields, including plots receiving zero N), (2) resistant varieties, and (3) shallow irrigation management – were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in three communes in Nam Dinh province in the RRD, to assess technologies adaptable by farmers. Yield response to N fertilizer in the farmer fields was generally low and greatly variable, associated with variable N recovery efficiency and internal efficiency, particularly in fields at risk of high salinity in one commune during summer 2015. In the replicated trials, N fertilizer applied at 120–180 kg N ha−1 in spring and 100–150 kg N ha−1 in summer generally produced better yields with higher N use efficiencies than the current high N application rates (219 and 189 kg N ha−1, respectively). Recently developed salinity-resistant varieties M2 and M14 produced almost 50% higher yield than the conventional varieties in very saline at-risk fields. Shallow water-depth management (<5 cm) resulted in grain yields similar to the higher conventional-depth management in the less saline fields, but significantly reduced yields in the more saline fields. These results indicate potential resource-use efficiencies in rice production to better cope with coastal salinity in the RRD. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要海水入侵引起的零星盐度是越南红河三角洲水稻生产的一个严重问题，需要对农业农艺管理进行指导。2015年至2017年，在RRD南定省的三个公社进行了三组田间试验，即（1）氮肥使用试验（对农民田地的重复试验和调查，包括零氮地块）、（2）抗性品种和（3）浅灌溉管理，以评估农民可适应的技术。农民对氮肥的产量反应通常较低，变化很大，与氮回收效率和内部效率有关，特别是在2015年夏季一个社区面临高盐度风险的田地中。在重复试验中，施氮量为120–180 kg N ha−1春季和100-150 夏季的kg N ha−1通常比目前的高施氮率（219和189 kg N ha−1）。最近开发的耐盐品种M2和M14在高盐风险地区的产量比传统品种高出近50%。浅水深度管理（<5 cm）导致类似于在含盐较少的田地中进行更高的传统深度管理的谷物产量，但在含盐较多的田地中显著降低了产量。这些结果表明，水稻生产中潜在的资源利用效率可以更好地应对RRD中的沿海盐度。图形摘要
{"title":"On-farm agronomic manipulations to improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the saline coastal zone of the Red River Delta in Vietnam","authors":"P. Luyện, A. Kamoshita","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2215448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2215448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sporadic salinity caused by seawater intrusion is a serious concern for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam, and guidance for on-farm agronomic management is needed. Three sets of on-farm experiments – namely, trials of (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer use (replicated trials and surveys of farmer fields, including plots receiving zero N), (2) resistant varieties, and (3) shallow irrigation management – were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in three communes in Nam Dinh province in the RRD, to assess technologies adaptable by farmers. Yield response to N fertilizer in the farmer fields was generally low and greatly variable, associated with variable N recovery efficiency and internal efficiency, particularly in fields at risk of high salinity in one commune during summer 2015. In the replicated trials, N fertilizer applied at 120–180 kg N ha−1 in spring and 100–150 kg N ha−1 in summer generally produced better yields with higher N use efficiencies than the current high N application rates (219 and 189 kg N ha−1, respectively). Recently developed salinity-resistant varieties M2 and M14 produced almost 50% higher yield than the conventional varieties in very saline at-risk fields. Shallow water-depth management (<5 cm) resulted in grain yields similar to the higher conventional-depth management in the less saline fields, but significantly reduced yields in the more saline fields. These results indicate potential resource-use efficiencies in rice production to better cope with coastal salinity in the RRD. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"209 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42108331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2197242
T. Tamai, Daisuke Yoshimura, Michitoshi Yamaguchi, Kenichi Wakita
ABSTRACT In Lake Biwa, located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, the overgrowth of waterweeds has become a significant environmental and human-life problem. Therefore, the waterweeds are systematically harvested and composted. In order to consider the effective use of waterweed compost for carbon neutrality and resource recycling, we clarified the characteristics of the waterweed compost by cultivation experiments with Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis). When the waterweed compost (20%) was applied alone, the growth of plants was promoted about 1.7 times compared to a control containing the same amount of fertilizer components. However, the plant showed yellowing of leaves and a high C/N ratio, indicating obvious symptoms of nitrogen deficiency. The application of the waterweed compost (20%) with chemical fertilizer remarkably enhanced plant growth up to about 3.5 times without nitrogen deficiency compared to a control containing only chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, the coexistence of the waterweed compost and chemical fertilizer activated nitrification and diversified soil bacteria (Chao1 index, 213.0; Shannon index, 6.50) rather than the waterweed compost alone (Chao1 index, 41.3; Shannon index, 4.34). Our results indicate that the waterweed compost functions effectively as an organic fertilizer and a soil amendment, contributing to sustainable agriculture. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effects of waterweed compost derived from Lake Biwa on Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) growth","authors":"T. Tamai, Daisuke Yoshimura, Michitoshi Yamaguchi, Kenichi Wakita","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2197242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2197242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Lake Biwa, located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, the overgrowth of waterweeds has become a significant environmental and human-life problem. Therefore, the waterweeds are systematically harvested and composted. In order to consider the effective use of waterweed compost for carbon neutrality and resource recycling, we clarified the characteristics of the waterweed compost by cultivation experiments with Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis). When the waterweed compost (20%) was applied alone, the growth of plants was promoted about 1.7 times compared to a control containing the same amount of fertilizer components. However, the plant showed yellowing of leaves and a high C/N ratio, indicating obvious symptoms of nitrogen deficiency. The application of the waterweed compost (20%) with chemical fertilizer remarkably enhanced plant growth up to about 3.5 times without nitrogen deficiency compared to a control containing only chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, the coexistence of the waterweed compost and chemical fertilizer activated nitrification and diversified soil bacteria (Chao1 index, 213.0; Shannon index, 6.50) rather than the waterweed compost alone (Chao1 index, 41.3; Shannon index, 4.34). Our results indicate that the waterweed compost functions effectively as an organic fertilizer and a soil amendment, contributing to sustainable agriculture. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2203404
Gopika Karnan, R. Pasala, B. Pandey, Manikanta ChLn, Ramya Kt, Rathnakumar Al, A. Guhey
ABSTRACT Sesame is an indeterminate oilseed crop where yield is determined by source and its capacity for synthesis and mobilization of photosynthates. Knowledge of the existing relation between source and sink and its validation under deficit soil moisture conditions is limited in sesame. Therefore, experiments were conducted using 25 sesame genotypes with differing plant architecture in terms of branching pattern (mono to multiple) and leaf area (minimum to maximum) under both irrigated (IR) and deficit soil moisture stress (DS) conditions for two consecutive years 2021 and 2022. The variations existing among the source and sink traits were measured, and the ANOVA of the measured traits revealed a significant differences among the genotypes for source traits, viz. leaf area, stem and leaf dry weight, net photosynthesis, total dry matter and their relationship with sink, i.e. seed yield under IR and DS conditions, and it was further confirmed using regression analysis. The results showed, certain source traits viz., stem dry weight and total dry matter at seed filling stage were positively associated with seed yield at both IR and DS conditions. Additionally, cluster analysis showed that the genotypes IC 54039-B-1 and SI 1802 had a proportional leaf area with good seed yield and displayed a better source and sink relationship, highlighting the fact that photosynthates were efficiently translocated to the sink. The genotypes IC 54039-B-1 and SI 1802 outperformed IR under DS with minimal yield differences and optimal leaf weight, total dry matter, and plant stem weight. These genotypes with better source and sink relationships can be used in sesame crop improvement programmes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Source and sink traits and their relationship under deficit soil moisture stress conditions in an indeterminate crop: sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"Gopika Karnan, R. Pasala, B. Pandey, Manikanta ChLn, Ramya Kt, Rathnakumar Al, A. Guhey","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2203404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2203404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sesame is an indeterminate oilseed crop where yield is determined by source and its capacity for synthesis and mobilization of photosynthates. Knowledge of the existing relation between source and sink and its validation under deficit soil moisture conditions is limited in sesame. Therefore, experiments were conducted using 25 sesame genotypes with differing plant architecture in terms of branching pattern (mono to multiple) and leaf area (minimum to maximum) under both irrigated (IR) and deficit soil moisture stress (DS) conditions for two consecutive years 2021 and 2022. The variations existing among the source and sink traits were measured, and the ANOVA of the measured traits revealed a significant differences among the genotypes for source traits, viz. leaf area, stem and leaf dry weight, net photosynthesis, total dry matter and their relationship with sink, i.e. seed yield under IR and DS conditions, and it was further confirmed using regression analysis. The results showed, certain source traits viz., stem dry weight and total dry matter at seed filling stage were positively associated with seed yield at both IR and DS conditions. Additionally, cluster analysis showed that the genotypes IC 54039-B-1 and SI 1802 had a proportional leaf area with good seed yield and displayed a better source and sink relationship, highlighting the fact that photosynthates were efficiently translocated to the sink. The genotypes IC 54039-B-1 and SI 1802 outperformed IR under DS with minimal yield differences and optimal leaf weight, total dry matter, and plant stem weight. These genotypes with better source and sink relationships can be used in sesame crop improvement programmes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"153 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49030818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2023.2206576
N. Nagao, Y. Sakuma, Tatsuaki Funakoshi, T. Itani
ABSTRACT Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) is a small red bean commonly used in Japanese cuisine from ancient time. The most common azuki bean seed is red, but there are black, grey, brown, green, straw-colored, white, and various flecked varieties. We evaluated the total antioxidant capacity and phytochemical phenolics profiles of seven azuki bean varieties in relation to their seed coat color according to the L*a*b* system using a color-difference meter. Not the cotyledons but the seed coat of all the varieties, except the white variety, showed antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical-scavenging activity). In the extracts obtained with 0.4% trifluoroacetic acid using the whole seeds without grinding, a wide range of antioxidant capacity from 36.2 to 2.8 μmol Trolox eq./g DW was obtained. The antioxidant capacity in the azuki bean was localized at the seed coat, and correlated positively with the total phenolics content and negatively with the color lightness (L*). Anthocyanin was present in only three darker varieties, Kuro-azuki, Shimofuri-azuki and Nezumi-azuki. Tamba-dainagon, the most popular red colored variety, and other three varieties contained no anthocyanin. However, these varieties without anthocyanin, except for one white variety, clearly showed antioxidant capacity. The antioxidative capacity of the deep colored azuki bean was much higher than that of light colored azuki bean. The azuki seed coat is revealed as an effective potential source of natural antioxidants. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Variation in antioxidant capacity of the seven azuki bean (Vigna angularis) varieties with different seed coat color","authors":"N. Nagao, Y. Sakuma, Tatsuaki Funakoshi, T. Itani","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2023.2206576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2206576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) is a small red bean commonly used in Japanese cuisine from ancient time. The most common azuki bean seed is red, but there are black, grey, brown, green, straw-colored, white, and various flecked varieties. We evaluated the total antioxidant capacity and phytochemical phenolics profiles of seven azuki bean varieties in relation to their seed coat color according to the L*a*b* system using a color-difference meter. Not the cotyledons but the seed coat of all the varieties, except the white variety, showed antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical-scavenging activity). In the extracts obtained with 0.4% trifluoroacetic acid using the whole seeds without grinding, a wide range of antioxidant capacity from 36.2 to 2.8 μmol Trolox eq./g DW was obtained. The antioxidant capacity in the azuki bean was localized at the seed coat, and correlated positively with the total phenolics content and negatively with the color lightness (L*). Anthocyanin was present in only three darker varieties, Kuro-azuki, Shimofuri-azuki and Nezumi-azuki. Tamba-dainagon, the most popular red colored variety, and other three varieties contained no anthocyanin. However, these varieties without anthocyanin, except for one white variety, clearly showed antioxidant capacity. The antioxidative capacity of the deep colored azuki bean was much higher than that of light colored azuki bean. The azuki seed coat is revealed as an effective potential source of natural antioxidants. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"164 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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