Upashana Chatterjee, Shantanu Patra, Bhupendra S. Butola, Mangala Joshi
This article addresses the challenge of comparing in‐service weatherability among newly developed coatings. The study aims to compare the durability of three thermoplastic polyurethane‐based coatings specifically formulated for defense inflatables. It introduces a reliability model that incorporates two weathering stresses, namely, ultra‐violet radiation and temperature, to predict the service life of the coatings. A life–stress relationship has been established from the accelerated aging tests, which facilitates the determination of material service life at use level conditions. Notably, the analysis underscores the significant improvement in service lifetime achieved with nanocomposite‐based coatings. The validity of the proposed model is established through comparison with real‐world field test data, emphasizing the effectiveness of the approach in assessing and comparing the performance of the three coated samples. The insights gained from this research will surely contribute to enhancing the durability assessment of coated systems in real‐world conditions for various fields of applications.HighlightsIntroduces a unique method to compare weatherability of three polyurethane coatings.Reliability model predicts service life under UV and temperature stresses.Life–stress relationship via accelerated aging for accurate service life.Nanocomposite coatings show longer service life than conventional ones.Model validated with field data, confirming practical applicability.
{"title":"Reliability modeling to predict in‐service weatherability of polyurethane nanocomposite coatings: Approach, comparison and validation","authors":"Upashana Chatterjee, Shantanu Patra, Bhupendra S. Butola, Mangala Joshi","doi":"10.1002/pen.26868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26868","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>This article addresses the challenge of comparing in‐service weatherability among newly developed coatings. The study aims to compare the durability of three thermoplastic polyurethane‐based coatings specifically formulated for defense inflatables. It introduces a reliability model that incorporates two weathering stresses, namely, ultra‐violet radiation and temperature, to predict the service life of the coatings. A life–stress relationship has been established from the accelerated aging tests, which facilitates the determination of material service life at use level conditions. Notably, the analysis underscores the significant improvement in service lifetime achieved with nanocomposite‐based coatings. The validity of the proposed model is established through comparison with real‐world field test data, emphasizing the effectiveness of the approach in assessing and comparing the performance of the three coated samples. The insights gained from this research will surely contribute to enhancing the durability assessment of coated systems in real‐world conditions for various fields of applications.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Introduces a unique method to compare weatherability of three polyurethane coatings.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Reliability model predicts service life under UV and temperature stresses.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Life–stress relationship via accelerated aging for accurate service life.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Nanocomposite coatings show longer service life than conventional ones.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Model validated with field data, confirming practical applicability.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Hajibeigi, Mohammad Reza Nakhaei, Abbas Rahi, Ghasem Naderi
Polypropylene is a useful and widely consumed thermoplastic with very good properties that can be mixed with a combination of rubber and nanoparticles in order to eliminate its shortcomings. In this paper, the simultaneous combination of both the toughening effect of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and the reinforcing effect of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were investigated in polypropylene matrix. Mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength [TS and IS]) of compounds were analyzed using the central composite design approach in Design‐Expert software. With two factors for input variables of SBR and SiC weight percentages, and their five levels (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) and (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6), respectively, the central composite design approach employs 11 experiments for creation of models and the analysis of variance investigations with two output responses of TS and IS. Statistical results revealed that SBR and SiC contents had a significant effect on TS, IS, and the microstructure of compounds, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy images. To maximize all mechanical properties simultaneously with desirability functions, TS and IS of the optimum sample were computed to be 21.98 MPa and 8.66 kJ/m2 in amounts of 13.45 and 2.80 weight percentage (wt%) of SBR and SiC, respectively.HighlightsBy increasing silicon carbide (SiC) in polypropylene/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), tensile strength decreases after a peak due to agglomeration effect.By increasing SiC in polypropylene/SBR, impact strength decreases after a peak due to agglomeration effect.By increasing SiC, the rubber particles' dimensions decrease according to scanning electron microscopy analysis.Simultaneous maximum of tensile strength and impact strength are 21.98 MPa and 8.66 KJ/m2, respectively.Optimum value of SBR and SiC in above maximums are 13.45 and 2.8 wt%, respectively.
聚丙烯是一种有用且广泛使用的热塑性塑料，具有非常好的性能，可与橡胶和纳米粒子混合使用，以消除其缺点。本文研究了在聚丙烯基体中同时结合丁苯橡胶（SBR）的增韧效果和碳化硅（SiC）纳米粒子的增强效果。采用 Design-Expert 软件中的中心复合设计方法分析了化合物的机械性能（拉伸强度和冲击强度 [TS 和 IS]）。中心复合设计方法的输入变量为两个因子（SBR 和 SiC 重量百分比）及其五个水平（分别为 5、10、15、20 和 25）和（0、1.5、3、4.5 和 6），采用 11 次实验创建模型，并对 TS 和 IS 两个输出响应进行方差分析研究。统计结果表明，SBR 和 SiC 含量对 TS、IS 和化合物的微观结构有显著影响，扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱图像也证实了这一点。亮点：在聚丙烯/丁苯橡胶（SBR）中增加碳化硅（SiC），由于团聚效应，拉伸强度在达到峰值后会降低。通过增加聚丙烯/丁苯橡胶中的碳化硅，冲击强度在达到峰值后会因团聚效应而降低。根据扫描电子显微镜分析，随着 SiC 的增加，橡胶颗粒的尺寸会减小。拉伸强度和冲击强度的同时最大值分别为 21.98 MPa 和 8.66 KJ/m2。SBR 和 SiC 在上述最大值中的最佳值分别为 13.45 和 2.8 wt%。
{"title":"The optimization of mechanical properties of polypropylene/styrene butadiene rubber/silicon carbide nanocomposites using response surface methodology","authors":"Mohsen Hajibeigi, Mohammad Reza Nakhaei, Abbas Rahi, Ghasem Naderi","doi":"10.1002/pen.26859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26859","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Polypropylene is a useful and widely consumed thermoplastic with very good properties that can be mixed with a combination of rubber and nanoparticles in order to eliminate its shortcomings. In this paper, the simultaneous combination of both the toughening effect of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and the reinforcing effect of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were investigated in polypropylene matrix. Mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength [TS and IS]) of compounds were analyzed using the central composite design approach in Design‐Expert software. With two factors for input variables of SBR and SiC weight percentages, and their five levels (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) and (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6), respectively, the central composite design approach employs 11 experiments for creation of models and the analysis of variance investigations with two output responses of TS and IS. Statistical results revealed that SBR and SiC contents had a significant effect on TS, IS, and the microstructure of compounds, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy images. To maximize all mechanical properties simultaneously with desirability functions, TS and IS of the optimum sample were computed to be 21.98 MPa and 8.66 kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> in amounts of 13.45 and 2.80 weight percentage (wt%) of SBR and SiC, respectively.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>By increasing silicon carbide (SiC) in polypropylene/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), tensile strength decreases after a peak due to agglomeration effect.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>By increasing SiC in polypropylene/SBR, impact strength decreases after a peak due to agglomeration effect.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>By increasing SiC, the rubber particles' dimensions decrease according to scanning electron microscopy analysis.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Simultaneous maximum of tensile strength and impact strength are 21.98 MPa and 8.66 KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, respectively.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Optimum value of SBR and SiC in above maximums are 13.45 and 2.8 wt%, respectively.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayankkumar L. Chaudhary, Rutu Patel, Sonu Parekh, Sujal Chaudhari, Ram K. Gupta
Innovative and renewable polymers and additives are the focus of increased research due to public and environmental pressure. There has been a recent uptick in interest from scientists in biobased “green” plasticizers that can be covalently bonded to replace harmful and migratory phthalate‐based plasticizers. Vegetable oils (VOs) are one of the biosources, as they are both plentiful and sustainable. This review aims to highlight the synthesis methods for soy‐based polyesters. Therefore, the chemistry of soybean oil as a polymeric material and its role in the synthesis of polyesters derived from soybeans are the primary topics of this review. This review covers the many ways in which soybean oil and its derivatives can be used to synthesize polyester, either directly or indirectly.HighlightsThe need for sustainable polymers is explored.Soybean oil‐based polyesters are covered.Modification and chemistry to convert soybean oil into polyester are described.Applications of soybean‐based polyesters are provided.
{"title":"Soy‐based polyester: Sustainable solutions for emerging materials","authors":"Mayankkumar L. Chaudhary, Rutu Patel, Sonu Parekh, Sujal Chaudhari, Ram K. Gupta","doi":"10.1002/pen.26870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26870","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Innovative and renewable polymers and additives are the focus of increased research due to public and environmental pressure. There has been a recent uptick in interest from scientists in biobased “green” plasticizers that can be covalently bonded to replace harmful and migratory phthalate‐based plasticizers. Vegetable oils (VOs) are one of the biosources, as they are both plentiful and sustainable. This review aims to highlight the synthesis methods for soy‐based polyesters. Therefore, the chemistry of soybean oil as a polymeric material and its role in the synthesis of polyesters derived from soybeans are the primary topics of this review. This review covers the many ways in which soybean oil and its derivatives can be used to synthesize polyester, either directly or indirectly.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The need for sustainable polymers is explored.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Soybean oil‐based polyesters are covered.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Modification and chemistry to convert soybean oil into polyester are described.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Applications of soybean‐based polyesters are provided.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"2018 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anke Kaufmann, Samuel Schlicht, Uta Rösel, Dietmar Drummer
Rotational molding allows the manufacturing of geometrically complex, hollow parts while maintaining low tool costs. While the rotational molding of thermoplastics is subject to inherent limitations regarding the wall thickness and processing of ultrasoft materials, the present paper introduces the adhesion‐controlled, highly dynamic rotational molding of room‐temperature curing resins, enabling the fabrication of thin, multilayered films and anisotropic, ultrasoft silicone components at rotational speeds up to 2000 min−1. The studies comprise the influence of the applied rotational speeds and the different molds. Based on scanning electron micrographs, the process is shown to allow for locally tailored part thicknesses, enabling the manufacturing of multilayered films with singular layers obtaining thicknesses below 10 μm. Relying on the control of emerging centripetal forces, the rotational speed depicts a quasi‐linear influence on resulting layer thicknesses, allowing for controlling the film thickness with excellent interlayer bonding. Relying on the superposition of consecutive layers, the adhesion‐controlled process allows for tailoring emerging nonlinear, ultrasoft stress–strain behaviors across a broad range of desired moduli. Conducting compression tests, increased rotational speeds are shown to reduce the part stiffness, attributed to the increased relative influence of interlayer interfaces, allowing for reproducing mechanical characteristics similarly found in ultrasoft human soft tissue.HighlightsHighly dynamic rotational molding of ultrasoft thin films.Targeted anisotropic structure formation.High geometric accuracy and reproducibility of thin silicone films.Targeted adaptability of nonlinear compressive mechanical properties.Applicability for ultrasoft laryngeal implants.
{"title":"Adhesion‐controlled anisotropic rotational molding of multilayered ultrasoft silicone films","authors":"Anke Kaufmann, Samuel Schlicht, Uta Rösel, Dietmar Drummer","doi":"10.1002/pen.26869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26869","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Rotational molding allows the manufacturing of geometrically complex, hollow parts while maintaining low tool costs. While the rotational molding of thermoplastics is subject to inherent limitations regarding the wall thickness and processing of ultrasoft materials, the present paper introduces the adhesion‐controlled, highly dynamic rotational molding of room‐temperature curing resins, enabling the fabrication of thin, multilayered films and anisotropic, ultrasoft silicone components at rotational speeds up to 2000 min<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The studies comprise the influence of the applied rotational speeds and the different molds. Based on scanning electron micrographs, the process is shown to allow for locally tailored part thicknesses, enabling the manufacturing of multilayered films with singular layers obtaining thicknesses below 10 μm. Relying on the control of emerging centripetal forces, the rotational speed depicts a quasi‐linear influence on resulting layer thicknesses, allowing for controlling the film thickness with excellent interlayer bonding. Relying on the superposition of consecutive layers, the adhesion‐controlled process allows for tailoring emerging nonlinear, ultrasoft stress–strain behaviors across a broad range of desired moduli. Conducting compression tests, increased rotational speeds are shown to reduce the part stiffness, attributed to the increased relative influence of interlayer interfaces, allowing for reproducing mechanical characteristics similarly found in ultrasoft human soft tissue.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Highly dynamic rotational molding of ultrasoft thin films.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Targeted anisotropic structure formation.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>High geometric accuracy and reproducibility of thin silicone films.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Targeted adaptability of nonlinear compressive mechanical properties.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Applicability for ultrasoft laryngeal implants.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyimides are used in various applications, including fuel cells, membranes, and microelectronics, due to their outstanding tensile properties, great thermal stability, low dielectric constant, and chemical inertness. Applications requiring even lower dielectric constants include interlayer dielectrics and tape‐automated bonding. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF‐1) was synthesized and dispersed in various percentages into a solution of terpoly(amide acid) (TPAA) to produce COF‐1/terpolyimide composites. 3,3′,4,4′‐Oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylicdianhydride (BPDA), and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) were reacted with 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis[(4‐aminophenoxy)benzene] (HFBAPP) or 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) dianiline (6FpDA) to form terpoly(amide acid). In this case, monomers with fluorinated substituents (HFBAPP, 6FpDA, and 6FDA) were utilized to improve free volume. Pores of COF‐1 and gaps between polyimide chains and COF‐1 can be filled with air with a dielectric constant (κ) ~1, lowering the κ value of terpolyimide composites. The κ value of COF‐1/terpolyimide composites decreased as COF‐1 content increased, reaching a minimum of 1.96. Tensile properties decreased slightly with increasing COF‐1 levels. The terpolyimides and their composites were thermally stable up to approximately 520°C. As a result, these polymer composites look promising for use as insulators in microelectronic applications.HighlightsTerpolyimide is prepared using fluorinated monomers to improve bulk volume.Incorporated COF‐1 into terpoly(amide acid) to introduce pores/voids and reduce dielectric constant.Developed COF‐1/terpolyimide composites with a low dielectric constant of 1.96.Optimized COF‐1/terpolyimide composites for microelectronic applications.
{"title":"Low dielectric constant composites using covalent organic framework dispersed terpolyimide","authors":"Revathi Purushothaman, C. K. Arvinda Pandian","doi":"10.1002/pen.26867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26867","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Polyimides are used in various applications, including fuel cells, membranes, and microelectronics, due to their outstanding tensile properties, great thermal stability, low dielectric constant, and chemical inertness. Applications requiring even lower dielectric constants include interlayer dielectrics and tape‐automated bonding. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF‐1) was synthesized and dispersed in various percentages into a solution of terpoly(amide acid) (TPAA) to produce COF‐1/terpolyimide composites. 3,3′,4,4′‐Oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylicdianhydride (BPDA), and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) were reacted with 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis[(4‐aminophenoxy)benzene] (HFBAPP) or 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) dianiline (6FpDA) to form terpoly(amide acid). In this case, monomers with fluorinated substituents (HFBAPP, 6FpDA, and 6FDA) were utilized to improve free volume. Pores of COF‐1 and gaps between polyimide chains and COF‐1 can be filled with air with a dielectric constant (κ) ~1, lowering the κ value of terpolyimide composites. The κ value of COF‐1/terpolyimide composites decreased as COF‐1 content increased, reaching a minimum of 1.96. Tensile properties decreased slightly with increasing COF‐1 levels. The terpolyimides and their composites were thermally stable up to approximately 520°C. As a result, these polymer composites look promising for use as insulators in microelectronic applications.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Terpolyimide is prepared using fluorinated monomers to improve bulk volume.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Incorporated COF‐1 into terpoly(amide acid) to introduce pores/voids and reduce dielectric constant.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Developed COF‐1/terpolyimide composites with a low dielectric constant of 1.96.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Optimized COF‐1/terpolyimide composites for microelectronic applications.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingzheng Wang, Xin Feng, Shuo Yang, Fan Xu, Menghao Chai, Yiqiang Fan
The reversible bonding of microfluidic chips has been developing rapidly with the requirement of reusable microfluidic devices or the need to obtain the samples inside the chip. Traditional bonding methods for polymer‐based microfluidics, e.g., thermal bonding, permanently attach the substrate and cover plate. Sometimes, once the chip flow channel is blocked, it is difficult to clean and affect the reusability of the chip. This study proposes a new reversible bonding method for poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chips with the help of stretch release adhesive strips. The designed microchannels were fabricated on the surface of PMMA plates using CO2 laser irradiation. Then, stretch release adhesive strips were used as an intermediate layer between the substrate (with microchannels) and another flat PMMA/PS/PC plate to seal the microchannel. The assembled chip sets were bonded at room temperature with bonding strength comparable with other permanent bonding methods. Experimental results show that simply pulling the adhesive layer by applying a shear force can easily detach the intermediate adhesive layer from both the substrate and cover plate to separate the bonded chipset. The proposed reversible bonding method is simple, rapid and has low residue and high bonding strength. Bacterial culture experiments were also conducted to verify the biocompatibility of the proposed bonding method. The proposed reversible bonding technique can be used for polymer‐based microfluidic devices that require sample recovery or chip reuse.HighlightsThe stretch release adhesive strip can provide high bond strength.It allows easy peeling for reversible bonding.It bonds at room temperature with simple operation.It has good transparency for easy observation of experiments.It has good biocompatibility.
{"title":"Research on reversible bonding of microfluidic chips based on stretch release adhesive strips","authors":"Qingzheng Wang, Xin Feng, Shuo Yang, Fan Xu, Menghao Chai, Yiqiang Fan","doi":"10.1002/pen.26865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26865","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The reversible bonding of microfluidic chips has been developing rapidly with the requirement of reusable microfluidic devices or the need to obtain the samples inside the chip. Traditional bonding methods for polymer‐based microfluidics, e.g., thermal bonding, permanently attach the substrate and cover plate. Sometimes, once the chip flow channel is blocked, it is difficult to clean and affect the reusability of the chip. This study proposes a new reversible bonding method for poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chips with the help of stretch release adhesive strips. The designed microchannels were fabricated on the surface of PMMA plates using CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> laser irradiation. Then, stretch release adhesive strips were used as an intermediate layer between the substrate (with microchannels) and another flat PMMA/PS/PC plate to seal the microchannel. The assembled chip sets were bonded at room temperature with bonding strength comparable with other permanent bonding methods. Experimental results show that simply pulling the adhesive layer by applying a shear force can easily detach the intermediate adhesive layer from both the substrate and cover plate to separate the bonded chipset. The proposed reversible bonding method is simple, rapid and has low residue and high bonding strength. Bacterial culture experiments were also conducted to verify the biocompatibility of the proposed bonding method. The proposed reversible bonding technique can be used for polymer‐based microfluidic devices that require sample recovery or chip reuse.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The stretch release adhesive strip can provide high bond strength.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>It allows easy peeling for reversible bonding.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>It bonds at room temperature with simple operation.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>It has good transparency for easy observation of experiments.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>It has good biocompatibility.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, the impact modifier of poly(butyl acrylate) grafted poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PBA‐g‐SAN) with 60% rubber content was prepared by emulsion grafting polymerization and subsequently blended with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) resin to construct acrylate styrene acrylonitrile (ASA) resins. The effects of acrylonitrile content of PBA‐g‐SAN copolymer and PBA size on the ASA resins' mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental results revealed that ASA resin's highest impact strength reached 27.75 kJ/m2. The lap shear adhesion test suggested that the PBA‐g‐SAN copolymer with 21% AN content exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion with SAN resin. The PBA‐g‐SAN particles with 100 and 400 nm poly (butyl acrylate) as core rubbers demonstrated a synergistic toughening effect for SAN resin. The high blackness ASA resin with excellent impact resistance was obtained when the 100 nm and the 400 nm poly (butyl acrylate) particle mass ratio reached 8/2.HighlightsThe ASA resin with 27.75KJ/m2 impact strength was prepared.The synergistic toughening mechanisms were investigated.The high blackness ASA resin was constructed.
{"title":"Preparation of poly(butyl acrylate)‐grafted‐poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) particles for toughening poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) resin","authors":"Mengen Liu, Qianyi Tang, Baijun Liu, Mingyao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pen.26848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26848","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Herein, the impact modifier of poly(butyl acrylate) grafted poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PBA‐g‐SAN) with 60% rubber content was prepared by emulsion grafting polymerization and subsequently blended with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) resin to construct acrylate styrene acrylonitrile (ASA) resins. The effects of acrylonitrile content of PBA‐g‐SAN copolymer and PBA size on the ASA resins' mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental results revealed that ASA resin's highest impact strength reached 27.75 kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. The lap shear adhesion test suggested that the PBA‐g‐SAN copolymer with 21% AN content exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion with SAN resin. The PBA‐g‐SAN particles with 100 and 400 nm poly (butyl acrylate) as core rubbers demonstrated a synergistic toughening effect for SAN resin. The high blackness ASA resin with excellent impact resistance was obtained when the 100 nm and the 400 nm poly (butyl acrylate) particle mass ratio reached 8/2.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The ASA resin with 27.75KJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> impact strength was prepared.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The synergistic toughening mechanisms were investigated.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The high blackness ASA resin was constructed.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucivan P. Barros Junior, Lucio R. de Souza, Rasoul Rahimzadeh, Ica Manas‐Zloczower
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a family of thermoplastic elastomers with great properties such as high elongation and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance, which are processable by conventional melting methods. Nevertheless, TPUs lose mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments in order to improve its performance at high temperatures while preserving processability. Additionally, the new TPU maintains its transparency. With the incorporation of 10% trifunctional polyol, the Tg was increased by 7°C, the storage modulus at room temperature (25°C) was improved by 412 MPa (136%), the rubbery plateau was extended by 32°C and the thermal stability was enhanced by 4°C at T5. Moreover, the TPU with controlled crosslinking of the soft segments shows exceptional creep behavior both at room temperature and at 150°C, where the creep rate decreased by 80%. The new TPU shows limited decrease in tensile properties and can be processed by conventional thermoplastic processing techniques.HighlightsDesign and synthesis of a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments.Incorporation of the crosslinks into the soft segments preserves system processability.Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties while preserving system transparency.High temperature application window extended by 32°C.Creep rate at 150°C lowered by 80%.
{"title":"Improving performance of TPU by controlled crosslinking of soft segments","authors":"Lucivan P. Barros Junior, Lucio R. de Souza, Rasoul Rahimzadeh, Ica Manas‐Zloczower","doi":"10.1002/pen.26826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26826","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a family of thermoplastic elastomers with great properties such as high elongation and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance, which are processable by conventional melting methods. Nevertheless, TPUs lose mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments in order to improve its performance at high temperatures while preserving processability. Additionally, the new TPU maintains its transparency. With the incorporation of 10% trifunctional polyol, the <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>g</jats:sub> was increased by 7°C, the storage modulus at room temperature (25°C) was improved by 412 MPa (136%), the rubbery plateau was extended by 32°C and the thermal stability was enhanced by 4°C at T5. Moreover, the TPU with controlled crosslinking of the soft segments shows exceptional creep behavior both at room temperature and at 150°C, where the creep rate decreased by 80%. The new TPU shows limited decrease in tensile properties and can be processed by conventional thermoplastic processing techniques.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Design and synthesis of a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Incorporation of the crosslinks into the soft segments preserves system processability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties while preserving system transparency.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>High temperature application window extended by 32°C.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Creep rate at 150°C lowered by 80%.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru, Naufal Amri, Samuel Budhi Wardhana Kusuma, Ridho Prasetyo, Atika Trisna Hayati, Rista Siti Mawarni, Yenny Meliana, Witta Kartika Restu, Evi Triwulandari, Yulianti Sampora, Muhammad Ghozali, Anita Marlina, Aditya Wibawa Sakti, Deana Wahyuningrum, I Made Arcana
Coconut fibers contain many lignocellulosic components; therefore, they have the potential to be used as cellulose‐based materials. This study aims to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for bioplastic applications from coconut fiber cellulose obtained from South Tangerang, Indonesia. The isolation of cellulose was conducted in two key stages: alkaline treatment using a delignification reactor and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The facile synthesis of CMC involved two important steps: alkaline treatment and carboxymethylation of isolated cellulose. The yield of cellulose isolated from coconut fiber was 16.39% for biomass and 64.84% for delignification products. The cellulose produced exhibited a crystallinity index (C.I.) of 89%. The yield of CMC was 14.67%, with a C.I. was 56.66%. The CMC obtained was categorized as having a medium molecular weight of 249,048 Da with a polymerization degree of 1046. Cellulose starts to decompose at a temperature interval of 292.05–381.45°C, whereas CMC decomposes at a lower temperature interval of 245.42–299.73°C. Thermochemical calculations were conducted by using the density functional theory (DFT), confirming a spontaneous reaction with a Gibbs free energy of −5.25 kJ mol−1. Bioplastics were fabricated in two stages: blending with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMChi) and plasticizing with glycerol. The addition of CMCh increased the C.I. and tensile strength, while the addition of glycerol to CMC/CMChi (80/20) blend‐based bioplastic reduced the C.I. and tensile strength, but enhanced the relative contact angle.HighlightsCellulose was isolated from coconut fibers through a two‐stage process involving delignification and bleaching;Carboxymethyl cellulose was synthesized by monochloroacetic acid in isopropanol with NaOH as the catalyst;The optimum condition for achieving the highest elongation at break among the blending compositions was found in the CMC/CMChi (80/20) blend bioplastic;Adding up to 30 wt% glycerol decreased the tensile strength and increased the elongation at break;The addition of glycerol enhanced the hydrophobic properties of CMC/CMCh blend‐based bioplastics.
{"title":"Facile synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from Indonesia's coconut fiber cellulose for bioplastics applications","authors":"Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru, Naufal Amri, Samuel Budhi Wardhana Kusuma, Ridho Prasetyo, Atika Trisna Hayati, Rista Siti Mawarni, Yenny Meliana, Witta Kartika Restu, Evi Triwulandari, Yulianti Sampora, Muhammad Ghozali, Anita Marlina, Aditya Wibawa Sakti, Deana Wahyuningrum, I Made Arcana","doi":"10.1002/pen.26838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26838","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Coconut fibers contain many lignocellulosic components; therefore, they have the potential to be used as cellulose‐based materials. This study aims to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for bioplastic applications from coconut fiber cellulose obtained from South Tangerang, Indonesia. The isolation of cellulose was conducted in two key stages: alkaline treatment using a delignification reactor and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). The facile synthesis of CMC involved two important steps: alkaline treatment and carboxymethylation of isolated cellulose. The yield of cellulose isolated from coconut fiber was 16.39% for biomass and 64.84% for delignification products. The cellulose produced exhibited a crystallinity index (C.I.) of 89%. The yield of CMC was 14.67%, with a C.I. was 56.66%. The CMC obtained was categorized as having a medium molecular weight of 249,048 Da with a polymerization degree of 1046. Cellulose starts to decompose at a temperature interval of 292.05–381.45°C, whereas CMC decomposes at a lower temperature interval of 245.42–299.73°C. Thermochemical calculations were conducted by using the density functional theory (DFT), confirming a spontaneous reaction with a Gibbs free energy of −5.25 kJ mol<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Bioplastics were fabricated in two stages: blending with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMChi) and plasticizing with glycerol. The addition of CMCh increased the C.I. and tensile strength, while the addition of glycerol to CMC/CMChi (80/20) blend‐based bioplastic reduced the C.I. and tensile strength, but enhanced the relative contact angle.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Cellulose was isolated from coconut fibers through a two‐stage process involving delignification and bleaching;</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Carboxymethyl cellulose was synthesized by monochloroacetic acid in isopropanol with NaOH as the catalyst;</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The optimum condition for achieving the highest elongation at break among the blending compositions was found in the CMC/CMChi (80/20) blend bioplastic;</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Adding up to 30 wt% glycerol decreased the tensile strength and increased the elongation at break;</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The addition of glycerol enhanced the hydrophobic properties of CMC/CMCh blend‐based bioplastics.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mai M. Khalaf, Mohamed Gouda, Taymour A. Hamdalla, Manal F. Abou Taleb, Hany M. Abd El‐Lateef
A self‐healable hydrogel for advanced authentication applications was successfully developed. In the presence of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide as a cheap passivating agent, the hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose diacetate extracted from rice straw yielded nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NdCD) in a straightforward and ecologically beneficial manner. NdCD achieved a maximum quantum yield of 25.11%. Self‐healing biocomposite inks with different emission properties were created by using different concentrations of NdCD nanoparticles (NPs). In order to create a transparent layer of NdCD@PLA hydrogel, stamps were used to press homogenous films onto paper surfaces. Polylactic acid (PLA) hydrogel was embedded with NPs of NdCD. Self‐healing security hydrogel inks are highly durable. The NdCD@PLA hydrogel is efficiently self‐healable at room temperature. The current NdCD@PLA hydrogel can attach to different surfaces, such as glasses, plastics, and papers. The self‐healable nanobiocomposite was photostable when exposed to UV light. Under UV light, NdCD‐containing nanobiocomposite inks have a bluish color, as proved by both colorimetric parameters and fluorescence spectra. The morphological properties of NdCD were studied by transmission electron microscopy to suggest a particle diameter of 10–15 nm. The morphology of the fluorescent prints was analyzed using a number of different analytical methods. The hydrogel rheology and the mechanical performance of printed papers were tested. The printed films showed excitation and fluorescence bands at 401 and 488 nm, respectively. The present smart ink shows significant promise as a potential industrial production technique to simply produce anti‐counterfeiting prints.HighlightsRice straws were used to prepare nitrogen‐doped carbon dots with a quantum yield of 25.11%.Self‐healable polylactic acid hydrogel was immobilized with N‐doped carbon dots (10–15 nm).Transparent printed films shifted in color to blue (488 nm) when excited at 401 nm.Ultraviolet‐stimulated photochromic authentication prints were prepared.Printed paper demonstrated non‐cytotoxicity, high photostability, and durability.
{"title":"Development of carbon dots‐immobilized fluorescent polylactic acid hydrogel ink toward security authentication","authors":"Mai M. Khalaf, Mohamed Gouda, Taymour A. Hamdalla, Manal F. Abou Taleb, Hany M. Abd El‐Lateef","doi":"10.1002/pen.26841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26841","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>A self‐healable hydrogel for advanced authentication applications was successfully developed. In the presence of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide as a cheap passivating agent, the hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose diacetate extracted from rice straw yielded nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NdCD) in a straightforward and ecologically beneficial manner. NdCD achieved a maximum quantum yield of 25.11%. Self‐healing biocomposite inks with different emission properties were created by using different concentrations of NdCD nanoparticles (NPs). In order to create a transparent layer of NdCD@PLA hydrogel, stamps were used to press homogenous films onto paper surfaces. Polylactic acid (PLA) hydrogel was embedded with NPs of NdCD. Self‐healing security hydrogel inks are highly durable. The NdCD@PLA hydrogel is efficiently self‐healable at room temperature. The current NdCD@PLA hydrogel can attach to different surfaces, such as glasses, plastics, and papers. The self‐healable nanobiocomposite was photostable when exposed to UV light. Under UV light, NdCD‐containing nanobiocomposite inks have a bluish color, as proved by both colorimetric parameters and fluorescence spectra. The morphological properties of NdCD were studied by transmission electron microscopy to suggest a particle diameter of 10–15 nm. The morphology of the fluorescent prints was analyzed using a number of different analytical methods. The hydrogel rheology and the mechanical performance of printed papers were tested. The printed films showed excitation and fluorescence bands at 401 and 488 nm, respectively. The present smart ink shows significant promise as a potential industrial production technique to simply produce anti‐counterfeiting prints.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Rice straws were used to prepare nitrogen‐doped carbon dots with a quantum yield of 25.11%.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Self‐healable polylactic acid hydrogel was immobilized with N‐doped carbon dots (10–15 nm).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Transparent printed films shifted in color to blue (488 nm) when excited at 401 nm.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Ultraviolet‐stimulated photochromic authentication prints were prepared.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Printed paper demonstrated non‐cytotoxicity, high photostability, and durability.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20281,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","volume":"345 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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