Renata Kołodyńska‐Gawrysiak, Jan Rodzik, Leszek Gawrysiak, Jean Poesen, Anita Bernatek‐Jakiel, Wojciech Zgłobicki
Piping is subsurface water erosion that resulted in the formation of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features in the landscape. Although it is an important and globally widespread land degradation process it is still poorly understood and data is scarce. Loess landscapes with varied topography and long‐term agricultural use of silty soils are particularly susceptible to water surface and subsurface (piping) erosion, resulting in gully network development. The aim of the study is to better understand the importance of topographical factors and land use controlling collapsed pipes and piping‐related features development in the landscape of thick loess cover strongly dissected by gully networks in eastern Poland. In the studied loess catchment LIDAR scanning to produce a high‐resolution digital terrain model was performed. Detailed field inventory and mapping of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features, as well as land use and management structure and practices were carried out. High‐quality GIS analysis of the spatial distribution of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features in relation to topographic factors as well as land use and management structure was performed. Standard statistical methods were used for calculation and presentation of the relationships between topographic parameters, land use and the distribution of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features. The numerous morphologically diverse collapsed pipes and piping‐related features located in specific landscape positions were inventoried and classified. Periphery sinkholes are the initial elements of the collapsed pipes system. Profile curvature, slope length, crop type, tillage direction, parcel boundaries, and the size of the contributing area have a crucial impact on their formation and drive the development of the entire system of related collapsed pipes. The erosional landscapes of eastern Poland with a thick loess cover and mosaic land use, are highly susceptible to piping, resulting in piping badlands formation and playing a critical role in gully development.
{"title":"Land Use and Topographical Factors Controlling Collapsed Pipes and Piping‐Related Features Development in the Landscapes of Thick Loess Covers From Eastern Poland","authors":"Renata Kołodyńska‐Gawrysiak, Jan Rodzik, Leszek Gawrysiak, Jean Poesen, Anita Bernatek‐Jakiel, Wojciech Zgłobicki","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70305","url":null,"abstract":"Piping is subsurface water erosion that resulted in the formation of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features in the landscape. Although it is an important and globally widespread land degradation process it is still poorly understood and data is scarce. Loess landscapes with varied topography and long‐term agricultural use of silty soils are particularly susceptible to water surface and subsurface (piping) erosion, resulting in gully network development. The aim of the study is to better understand the importance of topographical factors and land use controlling collapsed pipes and piping‐related features development in the landscape of thick loess cover strongly dissected by gully networks in eastern Poland. In the studied loess catchment LIDAR scanning to produce a high‐resolution digital terrain model was performed. Detailed field inventory and mapping of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features, as well as land use and management structure and practices were carried out. High‐quality GIS analysis of the spatial distribution of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features in relation to topographic factors as well as land use and management structure was performed. Standard statistical methods were used for calculation and presentation of the relationships between topographic parameters, land use and the distribution of collapsed pipes and piping‐related features. The numerous morphologically diverse collapsed pipes and piping‐related features located in specific landscape positions were inventoried and classified. Periphery sinkholes are the initial elements of the collapsed pipes system. Profile curvature, slope length, crop type, tillage direction, parcel boundaries, and the size of the contributing area have a crucial impact on their formation and drive the development of the entire system of related collapsed pipes. The erosional landscapes of eastern Poland with a thick loess cover and mosaic land use, are highly susceptible to piping, resulting in piping badlands formation and playing a critical role in gully development.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145554416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salinity stress, driven by high‐chloride saline water (HCW), poses a significant threat to global agriculture by impairing plant growth and altering the soil microbial communities. Although the role of microbiomes in enhancing plant salt tolerance is well documented, the specific responses of walnut ( Juglans regia ) root and soil microbiomes to HCW remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of HCW on walnut leaf mineral elements, soil physicochemical properties, and the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil compartments. The results showed that HCW significantly reduced essential leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, and Ca) while increasing Cl − accumulation, resulting in leaf necrosis. Soil electrical conductivity, Cl − , and Na + levels were elevated under HCW, with notable reductions in nitrate nitrogen and increases in exchangeable calcium. Microbial analysis revealed decreased bacterial diversity in roots and rhizosphere soils under HCW, along with a shift in community composition characterized by a decline in Proteobacteria (e.g., Rhizobium ) and an increase in Actinobacteria (e.g., Arthrobacter , Streptomyces ). The fungal diversity remained stable, but the community structure changed, with an increased abundance of Mortierellomycota. Co‐occurrence network analysis indicated simplified bacterial interactions and enhanced fungal competition in HCW. Mantel tests demonstrated that bacterial community composition was strongly correlated with Cl − , Na + , and Ca 2+ , whereas fungal community composition was significantly associated with NO 3− , Na + , and Ca 2+ . These findings highlight the targeted reshaping of walnut‐associated microbiomes under chloride‐dominated salinity and suggest the potential of leveraging salt‐tolerant microbes to improve crop resilience in saline agriculture.
{"title":"High‐Chloride Saline Water Alters Soil Nutrient Profile and Microbial Communities in Walnut Orchard","authors":"Yongchao Bai, Ben Niu, Sen Lu, Dong Pei","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70311","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity stress, driven by high‐chloride saline water (HCW), poses a significant threat to global agriculture by impairing plant growth and altering the soil microbial communities. Although the role of microbiomes in enhancing plant salt tolerance is well documented, the specific responses of walnut ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Juglans regia</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ) root and soil microbiomes to HCW remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of HCW on walnut leaf mineral elements, soil physicochemical properties, and the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil compartments. The results showed that HCW significantly reduced essential leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, and Ca) while increasing Cl <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> accumulation, resulting in leaf necrosis. Soil electrical conductivity, Cl <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> , and Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> levels were elevated under HCW, with notable reductions in nitrate nitrogen and increases in exchangeable calcium. Microbial analysis revealed decreased bacterial diversity in roots and rhizosphere soils under HCW, along with a shift in community composition characterized by a decline in Proteobacteria (e.g., <jats:italic>Rhizobium</jats:italic> ) and an increase in Actinobacteria (e.g., <jats:italic>Arthrobacter</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>Streptomyces</jats:italic> ). The fungal diversity remained stable, but the community structure changed, with an increased abundance of Mortierellomycota. Co‐occurrence network analysis indicated simplified bacterial interactions and enhanced fungal competition in HCW. Mantel tests demonstrated that bacterial community composition was strongly correlated with Cl <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> , Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> , and Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> , whereas fungal community composition was significantly associated with NO <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> , Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> , and Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> . These findings highlight the targeted reshaping of walnut‐associated microbiomes under chloride‐dominated salinity and suggest the potential of leveraging salt‐tolerant microbes to improve crop resilience in saline agriculture.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145554468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emerging contaminants (ECs), including antibiotics, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated flame retardants, pesticides, and micro‐ to nanoplastics, are increasingly detected in agricultural soils at concentrations ranging from 10 −2 to 10 2 ng g −1 (PFAS, PBDEs—polybrominated diphenyl ethers), 0.1 μg kg −1 to 1.5 mg kg −1 (antibiotics), and up to 10 6 particles kg −1 (microplastics). These pollutants hinder soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity, reducing urease, dehydrogenase, and β‐glucosidase function by 15%–60% and decreasing nitrification–denitrification rates by up to 50%, thus disturbing the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. This review seeks to analyze the disruptions in soil nutrient cycles caused by emerging contaminants, investigate the microbial, enzymatic, and chemical mechanisms involved in contaminant transformation, and evaluate the role of coupled microbial–chemical interactions to foster soil restoration. Data indicate that biochar‐supported microbial consortia enhance sulfonamide degradation by 2.5‐fold, Fe/Mn oxides increase nitroaromatic reduction by 3–6 times, and microbial electrochemical technologies improve the removal of halogenated organics by up to 60%. These methods decrease the toxicity of ECs, restore redox equilibrium, and reestablish vital soil functions. The convergence of microbial metabolism, mineral catalysis, and conductive amendments establishes an effective framework for decreasing EC risks, restoring nutrient cycles, and sustaining long‐term soil fertility.
新兴污染物（ECs），包括抗生素、全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）、溴化阻燃剂、农药和微至纳米塑料，越来越多地在农业土壤中被检测到，浓度范围为10 - 2至10.2 ng g - 1 （PFAS、多溴二苯醚多溴联苯醚）、0.1 μg kg - 1至1.5 mg kg - 1（抗生素）和高达10.6颗粒kg - 1（微塑料）。这些污染物阻碍了土壤微生物多样性和酶活性，使脲酶、脱氢酶和β -葡萄糖苷酶的功能降低15%-60%，硝化-反硝化速率降低高达50%，从而扰乱了碳、氮、磷和硫的循环。本文旨在分析新出现的污染物对土壤养分循环的破坏，研究污染物转化中涉及的微生物、酶和化学机制，并评估微生物-化学耦合相互作用在促进土壤恢复中的作用。数据表明，生物炭支持的微生物群落将磺胺降解率提高了2.5倍，Fe/Mn氧化物将硝基芳烃还原率提高了3-6倍，微生物电化学技术将卤化有机物的去除率提高了60%。这些方法降低了ECs的毒性，恢复了氧化还原平衡，并重建了重要的土壤功能。微生物代谢、矿物质催化和导电修正的融合为降低EC风险、恢复养分循环和维持长期土壤肥力建立了一个有效的框架。
{"title":"Coupled Mechanistic Insight of Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants in Soil Biogeochemical Cycles","authors":"Sudhir Kumar Upadhyay","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70288","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging contaminants (ECs), including antibiotics, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated flame retardants, pesticides, and micro‐ to nanoplastics, are increasingly detected in agricultural soils at concentrations ranging from 10 <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> to 10 <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ng g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (PFAS, PBDEs—polybrominated diphenyl ethers), 0.1 μg kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> to 1.5 mg kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (antibiotics), and up to 10 <jats:sup>6</jats:sup> particles kg <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (microplastics). These pollutants hinder soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity, reducing urease, dehydrogenase, and β‐glucosidase function by 15%–60% and decreasing nitrification–denitrification rates by up to 50%, thus disturbing the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. This review seeks to analyze the disruptions in soil nutrient cycles caused by emerging contaminants, investigate the microbial, enzymatic, and chemical mechanisms involved in contaminant transformation, and evaluate the role of coupled microbial–chemical interactions to foster soil restoration. Data indicate that biochar‐supported microbial consortia enhance sulfonamide degradation by 2.5‐fold, Fe/Mn oxides increase nitroaromatic reduction by 3–6 times, and microbial electrochemical technologies improve the removal of halogenated organics by up to 60%. These methods decrease the toxicity of ECs, restore redox equilibrium, and reestablish vital soil functions. The convergence of microbial metabolism, mineral catalysis, and conductive amendments establishes an effective framework for decreasing EC risks, restoring nutrient cycles, and sustaining long‐term soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145554672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irrigation is essential for agricultural production, serving not only to transport water but also to facilitate the migration of pollutants such as microplastics (MPs). Although the presence of MPs in agricultural soils is well documented, the effects of irrigation hydrodynamics on their distribution have rarely been explored. This study examines the occurrence and sources of MPs in various sections of paddy soils from the Quyuan Irrigation District (QID) in China. MP analysis was conducted using density separation, microscopy, and laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR) methods. Results showed that MP abundance ranged from 73.30 to 3880.00 items/kg. Statistical analyses revealed that agricultural plastic residues were the primary source of MPs. As a result of irrigation activities, the abundance of < 0.5 mm MPs in paddy soils near branch canals was 2.17 times higher than that in soils near the main canal, indicating more severe MP pollution near the branch canals. In addition, the MP abundance in soil at the drainage outlet (DO) was 2560 items/kg, significantly higher than the 1440 items/kg found at the irrigation inlet (IN) ( p < 0.05). This was due to an increase in water velocity and flux, which generated stronger water impact forces that flushed most MPs into the DO soil. The irrigation hydraulic conditions and MP characteristics influenced the horizontal migration of MPs in surface paddy soils. Overall, this study elucidated the relation between MP pollution and irrigation hydrodynamics, providing valuable insights for precise monitoring and control of MP pollution in farmland.
灌溉对农业生产至关重要，不仅可以输送水，还可以促进微塑料（MPs）等污染物的迁移。虽然MPs在农业土壤中的存在有很好的文献记载，但灌溉水动力学对其分布的影响很少被探索。本文研究了中国曲源灌区水稻土不同剖面中MPs的发生和来源。MP分析采用密度分离、显微镜和激光直接红外光谱（LDIR）方法。结果表明，MP丰度为73.30 ~ 3880.00个/kg。统计分析表明，农业塑料残留物是MPs的主要来源。由于灌溉活动，支渠附近水稻土中<； 0.5 mm MPs丰度是主渠附近土壤的2.17倍，表明支渠附近的MPs污染更为严重。排水口（DO）土壤MP丰度为2560项/kg，显著高于灌溉口（In）的1440项/kg （p < 0.05）。这是由于水流速度和通量的增加，这产生了更强的水冲击力，将大多数MPs冲进了DO土壤。灌溉水力条件和MPs特性影响着MPs在水稻土表层的水平迁移。总体而言，本研究阐明了有机磷污染与灌溉水动力学之间的关系，为农田有机磷污染的精确监测和控制提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Uneven Distribution of Microplastic Pollution in Paddy Fields Driven by Irrigation Hydrodynamics","authors":"Jiayi Tian, Xiang Long, Diwen Sun, Xiuzhen Nie, Xiaofeng Wen, Ruyi Liu, Ruiqing Zhu, Jiachi Shen, Haojie Chen, Lingshi Yin","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70307","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation is essential for agricultural production, serving not only to transport water but also to facilitate the migration of pollutants such as microplastics (MPs). Although the presence of MPs in agricultural soils is well documented, the effects of irrigation hydrodynamics on their distribution have rarely been explored. This study examines the occurrence and sources of MPs in various sections of paddy soils from the Quyuan Irrigation District (QID) in China. MP analysis was conducted using density separation, microscopy, and laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR) methods. Results showed that MP abundance ranged from 73.30 to 3880.00 items/kg. Statistical analyses revealed that agricultural plastic residues were the primary source of MPs. As a result of irrigation activities, the abundance of < 0.5 mm MPs in paddy soils near branch canals was 2.17 times higher than that in soils near the main canal, indicating more severe MP pollution near the branch canals. In addition, the MP abundance in soil at the drainage outlet (DO) was 2560 items/kg, significantly higher than the 1440 items/kg found at the irrigation inlet (IN) ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). This was due to an increase in water velocity and flux, which generated stronger water impact forces that flushed most MPs into the DO soil. The irrigation hydraulic conditions and MP characteristics influenced the horizontal migration of MPs in surface paddy soils. Overall, this study elucidated the relation between MP pollution and irrigation hydrodynamics, providing valuable insights for precise monitoring and control of MP pollution in farmland.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heytor Lemos Martins, Vitor Adriano Benedito, Arianis Ibeth Santos‐Nicolella, Treyce Stephane Cristo Tavares, Rodrigo Baratiere Perim, Vanesca Korasaki, Newton La Scala, Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves
Peanut cultivation plays an important agronomic role in Brazil, especially in rotation with sugarcane, promoting biological nitrogen fixation and improving soil quality. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the combined use of sugarcane mulch, peanut cultivation, and herbicide application would affect soil CO₂ fluxes, soil chemical attributes (pH, organic matter, soil organic carbon—SOC, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity—CEC, and base saturation—V%), enzymatic activity (β‐glucosidase and arylsulfatase), and the soil quality index (SQI). The experiment, conducted in Jaboticabal (São Paulo), employed different combinations of mulch, peanut cultivation, and imazapic herbicide. Treatments with mulch and peanut increased enzymatic activity, SOC, and pH, resulting in higher SQI values, while bare soil showed marked degradation. CO 2 fluxes were higher in treatments with both plants and mulch, reflecting greater biological activity; however, in the context of soil degradation, elevated CO 2 emissions may also indicate accelerated decomposition and potential organic matter losses. β‐glucosidase proved to be a sensitive bioindicator of soil quality. Integrated analysis using the SQI and the four‐quadrant model revealed that treatments with mulch and peanut promoted healthy and biologically active soils. It is concluded that conservation practices, such as the maintenance of surface mulch and the cultivation of legumes, are effective strategies for enhancing soil health and sustainability, whereas the absence of vegetation cover leads to soil degradation.
花生种植在巴西具有重要的农艺作用，特别是与甘蔗轮作，促进生物固氮和改善土壤质量。本研究旨在验证甘蔗覆盖、花生栽培和除草剂配施对土壤CO 2通量、土壤化学属性（pH、有机质、土壤有机碳soc、磷、钾、钙、镁、阳离子交换容量cec和碱基饱和度v %）、酶活性（β -葡萄糖苷酶和芳基磺化酶）和土壤质量指数（SQI）的影响。该试验在Jaboticabal （ssan o Paulo）进行，采用不同的地膜、花生种植和imazapic除草剂组合。覆盖和花生处理提高了土壤酶活性、有机碳和pH值，导致SQI值升高，而裸土表现出明显的退化。植物和地膜处理的co2通量均较高，反映出更强的生物活性；然而，在土壤退化的背景下，二氧化碳排放量的增加也可能表明分解加速和潜在的有机质损失。β -葡萄糖苷酶是土壤质量的敏感生物指标。利用SQI和四象限模型的综合分析表明，覆盖和花生处理促进了土壤的健康和生物活性。结论认为，维持地表覆盖和种植豆科植物等保护性措施是增强土壤健康和可持续性的有效策略，而缺乏植被覆盖会导致土壤退化。
{"title":"CO 2 Fluxes and Soil Responses to Straw and Herbicide in Peanut","authors":"Heytor Lemos Martins, Vitor Adriano Benedito, Arianis Ibeth Santos‐Nicolella, Treyce Stephane Cristo Tavares, Rodrigo Baratiere Perim, Vanesca Korasaki, Newton La Scala, Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70285","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut cultivation plays an important agronomic role in Brazil, especially in rotation with sugarcane, promoting biological nitrogen fixation and improving soil quality. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the combined use of sugarcane mulch, peanut cultivation, and herbicide application would affect soil CO₂ fluxes, soil chemical attributes (pH, organic matter, soil organic carbon—SOC, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity—CEC, and base saturation—V%), enzymatic activity (β‐glucosidase and arylsulfatase), and the soil quality index (SQI). The experiment, conducted in Jaboticabal (São Paulo), employed different combinations of mulch, peanut cultivation, and imazapic herbicide. Treatments with mulch and peanut increased enzymatic activity, SOC, and pH, resulting in higher SQI values, while bare soil showed marked degradation. CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes were higher in treatments with both plants and mulch, reflecting greater biological activity; however, in the context of soil degradation, elevated CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions may also indicate accelerated decomposition and potential organic matter losses. β‐glucosidase proved to be a sensitive bioindicator of soil quality. Integrated analysis using the SQI and the four‐quadrant model revealed that treatments with mulch and peanut promoted healthy and biologically active soils. It is concluded that conservation practices, such as the maintenance of surface mulch and the cultivation of legumes, are effective strategies for enhancing soil health and sustainability, whereas the absence of vegetation cover leads to soil degradation.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basma M. Shawky, Fahmy A. S. Hassan, Mohammed I. Fetouh, Rasha S. El‐Serafy, Islam F. Hassan, Mohamed M. Moussa, Tartil M. Emam
Excessive salinity in the soil poses a threat to numerous plant species, often eliminate their growth and reducing their flowering. The woody shrub Jatropha curcas , which has considerable use in landscape design due to its beautiful blossoms, is particularly sensitive to salinity. One of the more promising bio‐based treatments to enhance salt tolerance is moringa leaf extract (MLE); however, its impact on Jatropha curcasL and other ornamental shrubs remains largely unexplored. The current study aimed to determine whether foliar application of MLE at 1:30 v/v dilution could relieve sodium chloride (NaCl) stress at 0‐, 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐mM concentrations. Results demonstrated significant improvements in growth, flowering, and biochemical attributes under MLE treatment compared to untreated salt‐stressed plants. Following salt stress exposure, significant reductions were measured in constituent blooming capacity, leaf carotenoids and chlorophylls as well as potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. On the other hand, MLE treatment improved plant height by 22%–28%, branch number by 185–20%, and flower production by 25%–30% compared with untreated salt‐stressed plants. These improvements were associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced membrane damage, indicating that MLE mitigates salinity stress through improved ion balance and ROS detoxification. Collectively, the results indicate that applying MLE could serve as a promising approach to improve salt stress tolerance in Jatropha and may be other ornamental shrubs.
{"title":"Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Indices by Moringa oleifera Aqueous Leaf Extract Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Jatropha curcas L.","authors":"Basma M. Shawky, Fahmy A. S. Hassan, Mohammed I. Fetouh, Rasha S. El‐Serafy, Islam F. Hassan, Mohamed M. Moussa, Tartil M. Emam","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70293","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive salinity in the soil poses a threat to numerous plant species, often eliminate their growth and reducing their flowering. The woody shrub <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Jatropha curcas</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> , which has considerable use in landscape design due to its beautiful blossoms, is particularly sensitive to salinity. One of the more promising bio‐based treatments to enhance salt tolerance is moringa leaf extract (MLE); however, its impact on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Jatropha curcas</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> <jats:italic>L</jats:italic> and other ornamental shrubs remains largely unexplored. The current study aimed to determine whether foliar application of MLE at 1:30 v/v dilution could relieve sodium chloride (NaCl) stress at 0‐, 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐mM concentrations. Results demonstrated significant improvements in growth, flowering, and biochemical attributes under MLE treatment compared to untreated salt‐stressed plants. Following salt stress exposure, significant reductions were measured in constituent blooming capacity, leaf carotenoids and chlorophylls as well as potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. On the other hand, MLE treatment improved plant height by 22%–28%, branch number by 185–20%, and flower production by 25%–30% compared with untreated salt‐stressed plants. These improvements were associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced membrane damage, indicating that MLE mitigates salinity stress through improved ion balance and ROS detoxification. Collectively, the results indicate that applying MLE could serve as a promising approach to improve salt stress tolerance in Jatropha and may be other ornamental shrubs.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saqib Bashir, Anaam Zahra, Shehnaz Fatima, Muhammad Rizwan, Xingxiang Wang
The phytoavailability of copper (Cu) in productive soils poses a significant threat to ecosystems, predominantly due to its extensive use in mineral fertilizers aimed at enhancing crop yield. To address this issue, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of compost (CP) and vermicompost (VC) induced from agro‐industrial waste byproducts, applied at rates of 1%, 3% and 5% to immobilize Cu in contaminated calcareous soil. This trial was arranged with seven treatments along with their three replicates following a completely randomized design. Results presented that CP and VC significantly reduced soil alkalinity by reducing soil pH by 0.45 and 0.38 units, respectively, over control. In addition, incorporation of CP and VC at 5% expressed efficient reductions in Cu mobility by 34.4% and 48.8%, respectively over control soil. Furthermore, significant reductions in Cu were noticed by 47% and 37.9% in chili shoot and root when CP at 5% was applied. Likewise, the addition of VC at 5% also showed the prominent reduction in Cu absorption in chili shoot and root by 62.2% and 49% respectively, relative to control polluted soil. Moreover, a prominent increase in soil nutrients was observed after the incorporation of CP and VC at 5% respectively, over nontreated soil. Furthermore, the greater increase in chili yield, plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, as well as nutrient absorption by chili tissues was observed primarily due to the greater soil nutrient availability provided by the CP and VC in alkaline Cu polluted soil. These findings demonstrate that CP and VC, as byproducts of agricultural waste serve as sustainable, eco‐friendly soil amendments for restoring soil health. They not only mitigate the phyto‐toxicity of Cu but also improve the alkaline soil nutrients status and reduce the dependence on synthetic fertilizers by naturally restoring soil fertility. Future studies will evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of CP and VC in field‐scale applications, their interactions with soil microbiota and their potential for broader crop systems.
{"title":"Restoration of Copper (Cu) Polluted Soil Using Compost and Vermicompost and Their Impact on Chili Growth","authors":"Saqib Bashir, Anaam Zahra, Shehnaz Fatima, Muhammad Rizwan, Xingxiang Wang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70287","url":null,"abstract":"The phytoavailability of copper (Cu) in productive soils poses a significant threat to ecosystems, predominantly due to its extensive use in mineral fertilizers aimed at enhancing crop yield. To address this issue, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of compost (CP) and vermicompost (VC) induced from agro‐industrial waste byproducts, applied at rates of 1%, 3% and 5% to immobilize Cu in contaminated calcareous soil. This trial was arranged with seven treatments along with their three replicates following a completely randomized design. Results presented that CP and VC significantly reduced soil alkalinity by reducing soil pH by 0.45 and 0.38 units, respectively, over control. In addition, incorporation of CP and VC at 5% expressed efficient reductions in Cu mobility by 34.4% and 48.8%, respectively over control soil. Furthermore, significant reductions in Cu were noticed by 47% and 37.9% in chili shoot and root when CP at 5% was applied. Likewise, the addition of VC at 5% also showed the prominent reduction in Cu absorption in chili shoot and root by 62.2% and 49% respectively, relative to control polluted soil. Moreover, a prominent increase in soil nutrients was observed after the incorporation of CP and VC at 5% respectively, over nontreated soil. Furthermore, the greater increase in chili yield, plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, as well as nutrient absorption by chili tissues was observed primarily due to the greater soil nutrient availability provided by the CP and VC in alkaline Cu polluted soil. These findings demonstrate that CP and VC, as byproducts of agricultural waste serve as sustainable, eco‐friendly soil amendments for restoring soil health. They not only mitigate the phyto‐toxicity of Cu but also improve the alkaline soil nutrients status and reduce the dependence on synthetic fertilizers by naturally restoring soil fertility. Future studies will evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of CP and VC in field‐scale applications, their interactions with soil microbiota and their potential for broader crop systems.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145554476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naila Mukhtar, Zaheer Abbas, Shaheena Umbreen, Nidaa Harun, Mansoor Hameed, Daniel Anthony Dias, Hatem E. Semary, Zainul Abideen
Increasing exposure of trace metals causes deleterious effects in plants and land fertility; therefore, appropriate monitoring and remediation strategies are crucial to protect the environment. Salt‐tolerant native plants such as Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Cenchrus ciliaris L. can exhibit optimum resistance against excessive nickel levels, but their physiology remains under‐investigated. In this study, three ecotypes of both species (i.e., Salt Range, Faisalabad, and Pakka Anna) were collected to assess the impact of Ni toxicity at 20, 40, and 60 mg L −1 on their respective physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features. Cynodon dactylon and Cenchrus ciliaris resisted elevated Ni levels by reducing growth which positively correlated with changes in leaf net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency in all ecotypes. Plants treated with Ni increased soluble sugars especially at the 60 mg L −1 Ni treatment, aiding strict stomatal closure. An increase in amino acids in plants growing at 60 mg L −1 Ni suggested the role of nitrogenous compounds in resisting Ni toxicity. Plants treated with Ni enhanced the vascular bundle and mechanical tissue area in the studied grasses. Among the tested ecotypes, those from Faisalabad and Pakka Anna exhibited the greatest nickel resistance compared to Salt Range populations by modulating their physiological, biochemical, and anatomical traits. Cynodon dactylon and Cenchrus ciliaris emerged as promising candidates for phytoremediation and land restoration in nickel‐contaminated soils, contributing to environmental safety and sustainable land use for agricultural purposes.
{"title":"Phytoremediation Potential of Cynodon dactylon and Cenchrus ciliaris for Nickel‐Contaminated Soils: A Promising Approach for Land Restoration","authors":"Naila Mukhtar, Zaheer Abbas, Shaheena Umbreen, Nidaa Harun, Mansoor Hameed, Daniel Anthony Dias, Hatem E. Semary, Zainul Abideen","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70296","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing exposure of trace metals causes deleterious effects in plants and land fertility; therefore, appropriate monitoring and remediation strategies are crucial to protect the environment. Salt‐tolerant native plants such as <jats:italic>Cynodon dactylon</jats:italic> (L.) Pers. and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Cenchrus ciliaris</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> L. can exhibit optimum resistance against excessive nickel levels, but their physiology remains under‐investigated. In this study, three ecotypes of both species (i.e., Salt Range, Faisalabad, and Pakka Anna) were collected to assess the impact of Ni toxicity at 20, 40, and 60 mg L <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> on their respective physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Cynodon dactylon</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Cenchrus ciliaris</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> resisted elevated Ni levels by reducing growth which positively correlated with changes in leaf net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency in all ecotypes. Plants treated with Ni increased soluble sugars especially at the 60 mg L <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> Ni treatment, aiding strict stomatal closure. An increase in amino acids in plants growing at 60 mg L <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> Ni suggested the role of nitrogenous compounds in resisting Ni toxicity. Plants treated with Ni enhanced the vascular bundle and mechanical tissue area in the studied grasses. Among the tested ecotypes, those from Faisalabad and Pakka Anna exhibited the greatest nickel resistance compared to Salt Range populations by modulating their physiological, biochemical, and anatomical traits. <jats:italic>Cynodon dactylon</jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Cenchrus ciliaris</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> emerged as promising candidates for phytoremediation and land restoration in nickel‐contaminated soils, contributing to environmental safety and sustainable land use for agricultural purposes.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"376 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingyi Li, Xiaobing Wang, Zhao Zhang, Qiong Liu, Ying Liu, Ke Feng, Xiaoli Wang
As an important reserve of arable land resources, the saline‐alkali soil in the coastal economic zone of Jiangsu Province urgently needs sustainable improvement that balances agricultural productivity and ecological safety. The current traditional straw return practices face a key bottleneck in that they are difficult to coordinate salt regulation and fertility improvement, which seriously restricts regional food security. To date, it remains unclear how different straw types and incorporation methods comparably ameliorate coastal saline‐alkali soils, particularly, their underlying mechanisms. This study presents a systematic assessment of straw return as a sustainable remediation approach for coastal degraded soils, comparing three straw types (wheat, corn, rice) across four incorporation methods (surface mulch, rotary tillage, deep plowing, and control). Straw return alleviates coastal saline‐alkali soil degradation through three interconnected mechanisms: (1) Physical restructuring via straw‐derived organic matter binding soil particles, reducing bulk density (16.7%–20.9%) and enhancing porosity (20.8%) through macroaggregate formation (MWD increase by 27%–35%); PCA revealed rice straw deep plowing (RS‐F3) as the optimal strategy (composite score: 1.12), uniquely synchronizing salt leaching (45% EC reduction) with topsoil organic matter accumulation by vertically redistributing salts while improving aggregate stability. These mechanistic insights enable precision soil management: RS‐F3 is prioritized for salt‐dominated coastal soils, whereas corn straw rotary tillage (CS‐F2) better suits fertility‐deficient areas.
{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Straw Return Strategies in Ameliorating Coastal Saline‐Alkali Soils in Jiangsu Province, China","authors":"Jingyi Li, Xiaobing Wang, Zhao Zhang, Qiong Liu, Ying Liu, Ke Feng, Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70308","url":null,"abstract":"As an important reserve of arable land resources, the saline‐alkali soil in the coastal economic zone of Jiangsu Province urgently needs sustainable improvement that balances agricultural productivity and ecological safety. The current traditional straw return practices face a key bottleneck in that they are difficult to coordinate salt regulation and fertility improvement, which seriously restricts regional food security. To date, it remains unclear how different straw types and incorporation methods comparably ameliorate coastal saline‐alkali soils, particularly, their underlying mechanisms. This study presents a systematic assessment of straw return as a sustainable remediation approach for coastal degraded soils, comparing three straw types (wheat, corn, rice) across four incorporation methods (surface mulch, rotary tillage, deep plowing, and control). Straw return alleviates coastal saline‐alkali soil degradation through three interconnected mechanisms: (1) Physical restructuring via straw‐derived organic matter binding soil particles, reducing bulk density (16.7%–20.9%) and enhancing porosity (20.8%) through macroaggregate formation (MWD increase by 27%–35%); PCA revealed rice straw deep plowing (RS‐F3) as the optimal strategy (composite score: 1.12), uniquely synchronizing salt leaching (45% EC reduction) with topsoil organic matter accumulation by vertically redistributing salts while improving aggregate stability. These mechanistic insights enable precision soil management: RS‐F3 is prioritized for salt‐dominated coastal soils, whereas corn straw rotary tillage (CS‐F2) better suits fertility‐deficient areas.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urbanization in the Himalayan region has accelerated in recent decades, driven by population growth, tourism expansion, and infrastructure development, resulting in significant alterations in land use and land cover (LULC) patterns. Srinagar Garhwal, situated in the Northwestern Himalayas, provides a representative case study to investigate these transformations. This study integrates remote sensing and geospatial techniques to analyze LULC dynamics over the period 2017–2023, employing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built‐up index (NDBI), land surface temperature (LST), and detailed LULC classifications derived from Landsat 8 imagery. Multi‐temporal analysis reveals a significant expansion of built‐up areas (22.8%), a decline in vegetation cover (−15.6%), and changes in water bodies (−3.2%). Correlation analyses indicate a strong positive relationship between urban expansion and local surface temperature increase, highlighting emerging urban heat islands. Forecasting potential future trends identifies regions vulnerable to further urbanization and ecological degradation. These findings provide critical insights for sustainable urban planning and environmental management in Himalayan towns, emphasizing the integration of ecological sensitivity into development strategies.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis and Forecasting of Land Use Dynamics Using NDVI , NDBI , LST , and LULC : A Case Study of Srinagar Garhwal, India","authors":"Akhilesh Nautiyal, Gaurav Juneja, Surya Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70302","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization in the Himalayan region has accelerated in recent decades, driven by population growth, tourism expansion, and infrastructure development, resulting in significant alterations in land use and land cover (LULC) patterns. Srinagar Garhwal, situated in the Northwestern Himalayas, provides a representative case study to investigate these transformations. This study integrates remote sensing and geospatial techniques to analyze LULC dynamics over the period 2017–2023, employing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built‐up index (NDBI), land surface temperature (LST), and detailed LULC classifications derived from Landsat 8 imagery. Multi‐temporal analysis reveals a significant expansion of built‐up areas (22.8%), a decline in vegetation cover (−15.6%), and changes in water bodies (−3.2%). Correlation analyses indicate a strong positive relationship between urban expansion and local surface temperature increase, highlighting emerging urban heat islands. Forecasting potential future trends identifies regions vulnerable to further urbanization and ecological degradation. These findings provide critical insights for sustainable urban planning and environmental management in Himalayan towns, emphasizing the integration of ecological sensitivity into development strategies.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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