Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.10.1
Zbadano wpływ procesu spieniania chemicznego na strukturę (SEM) oraz wybrane właściwościpoliamidu 6 wzmocnionego włóknem szklanym (30, 60 % mas.). Oznaczono gęstość, właściwościmechaniczne przy rozciąganiu i udarność Charpy’ego. Jako porofor stosowano Hydrocerol ITP 825w ilości 2% mas. Wielkość porów i stopień spieniania zależały od odległości od punku wtryskiwania.Najmniejszą wielkość porów (64 μm) stwierdzono w przypadku poliamidu zawierającego 60% mas.włókna szklanego.
{"title":"Wpływ spieniania chemicznego na strukturę i wybrane właściwości PA6 wzmocnionego włóknem szklanym","authors":"","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zbadano wpływ procesu spieniania chemicznego na strukturę (SEM) oraz wybrane właściwościpoliamidu 6 wzmocnionego włóknem szklanym (30, 60 % mas.). Oznaczono gęstość, właściwościmechaniczne przy rozciąganiu i udarność Charpy’ego. Jako porofor stosowano Hydrocerol ITP 825w ilości 2% mas. Wielkość porów i stopień spieniania zależały od odległości od punku wtryskiwania.Najmniejszą wielkość porów (64 μm) stwierdzono w przypadku poliamidu zawierającego 60% mas.włókna szklanego.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41279471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.10.6
The purpose of the article was to determine the influence of calcium carbonate and its modification (with stearic acid) on selected properties of composite polypropylene films and their processing. Polypropylene composites containing, respectively, 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt% filler, were made in twin-screw extrusion process with cold granulation. Films, on the other hand, were produced in single-screw extrusion process (an extruder with a screw with diameter d = 20 mm and ratio l/d = 24) using a flat head (so-called cast films) and a chill roll type cooling and pull-back device. The pull-back rotational speed was selected so as to obtain films of a thickness of approx. 120 µm, irrespectively of the composite being processed. The assessment of the effect of the addition of applied fillers on the magnitude of the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of polypropylene and the processing characteristic of extrusion process was made (the flow resistance and the variations in volumetric flow rate were determined). It was demonstrated how variations in the processability of polymeric material determined the correction of extrusion process setup parameters (pull-back system speed). The processability of composite films under extensional flow conditions was also determined by evaluating the extensional viscosity (ηE) of the composites. The strength values of composite films were determined under static tension conditions and in puncture tests. The effect of the content and modification of CaCO3 on the film haze and gloss was also assessed. The investigation carried out has demonstrated a direct effect of the addition of calcium carbonate and its modification on the processability and selected functional properties of composite films. The study has also proved that stearic acid is an effective modifier of processing properties, not only in shear flow conditions, but also under extensional flow conditions – smaller ηE values are exhibited by films containing modified calcium carbonate.
{"title":"The influence of calcium carbonate and its modifications on the extrusion process and selected functional properties of polypropylene cast films","authors":"","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.10.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.10.6","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article was to determine the influence of calcium carbonate and its modification (with stearic acid) on selected properties of composite polypropylene films and their processing. Polypropylene composites containing, respectively, 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt% filler, were made in twin-screw extrusion process with cold granulation. Films, on the other hand, were produced in single-screw extrusion process (an extruder with a screw with diameter d = 20 mm and ratio l/d = 24) using a flat head (so-called cast films) and a chill roll type cooling and pull-back device. The pull-back rotational speed was selected so as to obtain films of a thickness of approx. 120 µm, irrespectively of the composite being processed. The assessment of the effect of the addition of applied fillers on the magnitude of the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of polypropylene and the processing characteristic of extrusion process was made (the flow resistance and the variations in volumetric flow rate were determined). It was demonstrated how variations in the processability of polymeric material determined the correction of extrusion process setup parameters (pull-back system speed). The processability of composite films under extensional flow conditions was also determined by evaluating the extensional viscosity (ηE) of the composites. The strength values of composite films were determined under static tension conditions and in puncture tests. The effect of the content and modification of CaCO3 on the film haze and gloss was also assessed. The investigation carried out has demonstrated a direct effect of the addition of calcium carbonate and its modification on the processability and selected functional properties of composite films. The study has also proved that stearic acid is an effective modifier of processing properties, not only in shear flow conditions, but also under extensional flow conditions – smaller ηE values are exhibited by films containing modified calcium carbonate.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41666402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.10.4
E. Miękoś, M. Zieliński, D. Sroczyński, A. Fenyk
The paper presents the study of polymer composites on epoxy resin matrix, polymerized in the environment of a constant magnetic field. The composites contained admixtures of various forms of cellulose – microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose from waste hemp straw fibers – in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. Changes in the mechanical properties due to the effect of a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction value of B = 0.5 T. The composites additionally contained magnetic particles in the form of carbonyl iron, in the amount of 10 wt%.
{"title":"Influence of various forms of cellulose on the mechanical properties of polymer composites modified in a constant magnetic field","authors":"E. Miękoś, M. Zieliński, D. Sroczyński, A. Fenyk","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the study of polymer composites on epoxy resin matrix, polymerized in the environment of a constant magnetic field. The composites contained admixtures of various forms of cellulose – microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose from waste hemp straw fibers – in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. Changes in the mechanical properties due to the effect of a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction value of B = 0.5 T. The composites additionally contained magnetic particles in the form of carbonyl iron, in the amount of 10 wt%.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49103197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.10.5
Rasha E El-Mekawy
High molecular weight chitosan was synthesized from shrimp shells. Chemical structure of chitosan was confirmed using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM analyses. Physicochemical properties of chitosan such as molecular weight (800 000 g/mol), deacetylation degree (80%), ash content (1%) indicating effectiveness of demineralization step in removing minerals, water binding capacity (4220%), and fat binding capacity (537%), were determined. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristic joint band at 3365 cm-1 due to –OH and –NH2 regarding to the conversion of chitin acetyl group to NH2 of chitosan.
{"title":"Environmentally hazard and toxic exoskeletons of marine crustaceans wastes in synthesizing N-deacetylated chitin","authors":"Rasha E El-Mekawy","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.10.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.10.5","url":null,"abstract":"High molecular weight chitosan was synthesized from shrimp shells. Chemical structure of chitosan was confirmed using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM analyses. Physicochemical properties of chitosan such as molecular weight (800 000 g/mol), deacetylation degree (80%), ash content (1%) indicating effectiveness of demineralization step in removing minerals, water binding capacity (4220%), and fat binding capacity (537%), were determined. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristic joint band at 3365 cm-1 due to –OH and –NH2 regarding to the conversion of chitin acetyl group to NH2 of chitosan.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.10.3
A. Al-Mokaram, Ameen Hadi Mohammed, Hiba A. Ghani
2-benzothiazolyl acrylamide (BTA) monomer was synthesized by reacting of 2-aminobenzothiazole with acryloyl chloride. Homo- and copolymerization of this monomer with α-methylstyrene (MSt) and methyl acrylate (MA) was carried out in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The prepared homo-and copolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and their thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The composition of copolymers and the reactivity coefficients (r1, r2) were determined on the basis of sulfur analysis using linearization methods proposed by Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tudos and the Mayo-Lewis intersection method. The derived (r1, r2) for BTA-co-MSt and BTA-co-MA are: (0.197, 0.230) and (0.294, 4.314), respectively. The microstructure of the copolymers and the distribution of the monomer sequences in the copolymers were calculated statistically, the results obtained are consistent with the values (r1, r2). BTA with MSt form alternative copolymer whilst BTA-co-MA tends to be block with MA.
{"title":"Homo- and copolymerization of 2-benzothiazoylacrylamide with α-methyl styrene and methyl acrylate: synthesis, characterization and reactivity","authors":"A. Al-Mokaram, Ameen Hadi Mohammed, Hiba A. Ghani","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.10.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.10.3","url":null,"abstract":"2-benzothiazolyl acrylamide (BTA) monomer was synthesized by reacting of 2-aminobenzothiazole with acryloyl chloride. Homo- and copolymerization of this monomer with α-methylstyrene (MSt) and methyl acrylate (MA) was carried out in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The prepared homo-and copolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and their thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The composition of copolymers and the reactivity coefficients (r1, r2) were determined on the basis of sulfur analysis using linearization methods proposed by Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tudos and the Mayo-Lewis intersection method. The derived (r1, r2) for BTA-co-MSt and BTA-co-MA are: (0.197, 0.230) and (0.294, 4.314), respectively. The microstructure of the copolymers and the distribution of the monomer sequences in the copolymers were calculated statistically, the results obtained are consistent with the values (r1, r2). BTA with MSt form alternative copolymer whilst BTA-co-MA tends to be block with MA.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49180984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.9.6
M. Suhartini, Zetryana Puteri Tachrim, Niken Hayudanti Anggarini, R. Rahmawati, Amanda Prasetyani, June Melawati, D. Deswita, B. Sugeng
Cellulose obtained from rice straw was grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Cell-g-PVP). The process was induced by simultaneous gamma iradiation (Co-60). The presence of the grafted PVP chains was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and EDS methods. The influence of the iradiation dose (20 and 30 kGy) on the reaction efficiency and thermal stability of Cell-g-PVP was investigated. The grafting yield at the dose of 30 kGy was about 56%. The higher dose of radiation resulted in better thermal stability. The AAS results showed that Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cr(II) ions can be adsorbed by Cell-g-PVP. The order of ion metals adsorption capacity of Cell-g-PVP was Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Cr(II). The adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) metal ion using the Cell-g-PVP followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm whereas the chemical adsorption and the adsorption energy were constant on all sides of the copolymer.
{"title":"Gamma-induced grafting of rice straw cellulose with polyvinylpyrrolidone","authors":"M. Suhartini, Zetryana Puteri Tachrim, Niken Hayudanti Anggarini, R. Rahmawati, Amanda Prasetyani, June Melawati, D. Deswita, B. Sugeng","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.9.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.9.6","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose obtained from rice straw was grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Cell-g-PVP). The process was induced by simultaneous gamma iradiation (Co-60). The presence of the grafted PVP chains was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and EDS methods. The influence of the iradiation dose (20 and 30 kGy) on the reaction efficiency and thermal stability of Cell-g-PVP was investigated. The grafting yield at the dose of 30 kGy was about 56%. The higher dose of radiation resulted in better thermal stability. The AAS results showed that Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cr(II) ions can be adsorbed by Cell-g-PVP. The order of ion metals adsorption capacity of Cell-g-PVP was Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Cr(II). The adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) metal ion using the Cell-g-PVP followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm whereas the chemical adsorption and the adsorption energy were constant on all sides of the copolymer.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47515505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.9.2
M. Jurewicz
New legal regulations concerning nanomaterials in the scope of the legal certainty principle were discussed. Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1881 of 03/12/2018 amending the REACH regulation with regard to Annexes I, III, VI-XII is the first normative act on chemicals that sets out the requirements for the registration of nanoforms of substances. The new requirements for nanomaterials will serve to implement the principle of legal certainty in this area. The presented analysis of the introduced amendments to the annexes to the REACH regulation indicates some shortcomings of the new legal regulations.
{"title":"New legal regulations on nanoforms of substances in the context of the legal certainty principle","authors":"M. Jurewicz","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.9.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.9.2","url":null,"abstract":"New legal regulations concerning nanomaterials in the scope of the legal certainty principle were discussed. Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1881 of 03/12/2018 amending the REACH regulation with regard to Annexes I, III, VI-XII is the first normative act on chemicals that sets out the requirements for the registration of nanoforms of substances. The new requirements for nanomaterials will serve to implement the principle of legal certainty in this area. The presented analysis of the introduced amendments to the annexes to the REACH regulation indicates some shortcomings of the new legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.10.2
G. Budzik, M. Zaborniak, Jakub Roczniak
The methodology and measurement results of the machine part produced directly from the 3D-CAD numerical model are presented. Representative additive techniques based on polymer processing were used. The accuracy of replication of CAD numerical models was assessed in terms of both external surface analysis and part volume.
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of selected Slicer parameters on the mapping accuracy in the FFF method","authors":"G. Budzik, M. Zaborniak, Jakub Roczniak","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.10.2","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology and measurement results of the machine part produced directly from the 3D-CAD numerical model are presented. Representative additive techniques based on polymer processing were used. The accuracy of replication of CAD numerical models was assessed in terms of both external surface analysis and part volume.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43815126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.9.4
Jianfa Wang, Zhengzhou Gu, Jie Zhao, Susu Zhang, Peiyao Li, Chao Meng, J. Sui, Xiaoyi Zhang, Shaokai Hu, Jiaying Pan, Junyi Li
The influence of UV radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane resins and three-proof polyurethane coatings was examined. Changes of mechanical properties and the gloss of resins and coatings were determined. The structure of materials was confirmed using scanning microscopy SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR; thermogravimetric TGA and DTG studies were also performed. It turned out that the gloss of finished protective coatings was worse than the gloss of individual resins, and aging significantly lowered these values (from 81.3° to 8.9° in case of resins and from 61.1° to 2.8° in case of coatings after 1200 hours of irradiation). Tensile strength of resins decreased constantly during aging while their elongation at break decreased than increased reaching minimum at exposure time of 100 hours. In case of coatings, both tensile strength and elongation at break firstly decreased than increased reaching minimum at exposure time of 800 hours; after long exposure time, more than 1200 hours, these properties decreased again.
{"title":"Aging behavior of three-proof polyurethane coatings under UV radiation","authors":"Jianfa Wang, Zhengzhou Gu, Jie Zhao, Susu Zhang, Peiyao Li, Chao Meng, J. Sui, Xiaoyi Zhang, Shaokai Hu, Jiaying Pan, Junyi Li","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.9.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.9.4","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of UV radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane resins and three-proof polyurethane coatings was examined. Changes of mechanical properties and the gloss of resins and coatings were determined. The structure of materials was confirmed using scanning microscopy SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR; thermogravimetric TGA and DTG studies were also performed. It turned out that the gloss of finished protective coatings was worse than the gloss of individual resins, and aging significantly lowered these values (from 81.3° to 8.9° in case of resins and from 61.1° to 2.8° in case of coatings after 1200 hours of irradiation). Tensile strength of resins decreased constantly during aging while their elongation at break decreased than increased reaching minimum at exposure time of 100 hours. In case of coatings, both tensile strength and elongation at break firstly decreased than increased reaching minimum at exposure time of 800 hours; after long exposure time, more than 1200 hours, these properties decreased again.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2022.9.5
Sajjad Ali, Dr. Muhammad Owais Raza Siddiqui, S. M. Noman, Tahreem Beg, Danmei Sun
The influence of class C fly ash as a substitute for mineral aggregate on the stability and density of asphalt mixtures containing 3.5−6 wt% of bitumen was investigated. For the fly ash concentration (in relation to the replaced aggregate) 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt%, the optimal asphalt content (OAC) was determined, respectively, 5.75, 4.82, 4.42, 4.4 and 4 wt%. The stability increased with the increase in the content of fly ash. The results confirm the possibility of replacing mineral aggregates with fly ash.
{"title":"Class C fly ash as a substitute for mineral fillers in asphalt mixtures","authors":"Sajjad Ali, Dr. Muhammad Owais Raza Siddiqui, S. M. Noman, Tahreem Beg, Danmei Sun","doi":"10.14314/polimery.2022.9.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.9.5","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of class C fly ash as a substitute for mineral aggregate on the stability and density of asphalt mixtures containing 3.5−6 wt% of bitumen was investigated. For the fly ash concentration (in relation to the replaced aggregate) 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt%, the optimal asphalt content (OAC) was determined, respectively, 5.75, 4.82, 4.42, 4.4 and 4 wt%. The stability increased with the increase in the content of fly ash. The results confirm the possibility of replacing mineral aggregates with fly ash.","PeriodicalId":20319,"journal":{"name":"Polimery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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