P. Rychtowski, P. Miądlicki, Bartłomiej Prowans, B. Tryba
Abstract Removal of C2H4 in the air was carried out in the continuous flow reactor with the photocatalytic bed (expanded polystyrene spheres coated by TiO2 or SiO2/TiO2) under irradiation of UV light. Continuous flow of a gas stream through the reactor was realised at the static bed and under bed fluidization. The required flow of a gas stream through the reactor for bed fluidisation was 500–700 ml/min, whereas for the static bed the flow rate of 20 ml/min was used. Fluidized bed reactor appeared to be much more efficient in ethylene removal than that with the stationary bed. It was caused by the increased speed of C2H4 mass transfer to the photocatalyst surface and better utilization of the incident UV light. In the fluidized bed reactor calculated rate of C2H4 degradation was around 10 μg/min whereas in the stationary state 1.2 μg/min only.
{"title":"High performance fluidized bed photoreactor for ethylene decomposition","authors":"P. Rychtowski, P. Miądlicki, Bartłomiej Prowans, B. Tryba","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Removal of C2H4 in the air was carried out in the continuous flow reactor with the photocatalytic bed (expanded polystyrene spheres coated by TiO2 or SiO2/TiO2) under irradiation of UV light. Continuous flow of a gas stream through the reactor was realised at the static bed and under bed fluidization. The required flow of a gas stream through the reactor for bed fluidisation was 500–700 ml/min, whereas for the static bed the flow rate of 20 ml/min was used. Fluidized bed reactor appeared to be much more efficient in ethylene removal than that with the stationary bed. It was caused by the increased speed of C2H4 mass transfer to the photocatalyst surface and better utilization of the incident UV light. In the fluidized bed reactor calculated rate of C2H4 degradation was around 10 μg/min whereas in the stationary state 1.2 μg/min only.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ochowiak, A. Krupińska, S. Włodarczak, M. Matuszak, Patrycja Zielińska, K. Czernek, S. Witczak, T. Wilk
Abstract This paper summarises a series of large-scale fire suppression tests conducted to simulate a fire in the big surface and/or surface sprinkling. The subject of this paper is the research on water spraying with the use of the Turbo Jet 2011 water-foam nozzle manufactured by Supon Białystok. The results discuss the pressure losses caused by the flow through the discharge hose, spray angle, and the intensity of surface sprinkling. The greatest stream ranges and the highest maximum values of the sprinkling intensity were obtained at the capacity of 400 l/min, and a solid spray angle. The smallest values were obtained at 200 l/min, a pressure of 5 bar, and a solid spray angle. The actual pressures taking into account the losses in the hose section were calculated. As for the highest firefighting effectiveness of the stream, the authors recommended the following parameters: semi spray angle, 200 l/min, and 2.5 bar.
{"title":"The analysis of pressure drop, spray angle, and sprinkling intensity distribution in the spray stream produced by the water-foam nozzle","authors":"M. Ochowiak, A. Krupińska, S. Włodarczak, M. Matuszak, Patrycja Zielińska, K. Czernek, S. Witczak, T. Wilk","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper summarises a series of large-scale fire suppression tests conducted to simulate a fire in the big surface and/or surface sprinkling. The subject of this paper is the research on water spraying with the use of the Turbo Jet 2011 water-foam nozzle manufactured by Supon Białystok. The results discuss the pressure losses caused by the flow through the discharge hose, spray angle, and the intensity of surface sprinkling. The greatest stream ranges and the highest maximum values of the sprinkling intensity were obtained at the capacity of 400 l/min, and a solid spray angle. The smallest values were obtained at 200 l/min, a pressure of 5 bar, and a solid spray angle. The actual pressures taking into account the losses in the hose section were calculated. As for the highest firefighting effectiveness of the stream, the authors recommended the following parameters: semi spray angle, 200 l/min, and 2.5 bar.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48400419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract (-)-Menthol has been widely used in clinical medicine, flavor, and fragrance. However, high volatility, short retention time, low solubility in water, and whisker growth of menthol are crucial problems for its application. In this paper, (-)-menthol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was fabricated to solve these problems. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that menthol was successfully encapsulated in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. Menthol itself vaporized almost completely at around 120 oC, while the maximum menthol release rate occurred at 267.5 oC after the formation of the inclusion complex. The stability and retention time were improved. The menthol release reaction order, apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor were obtained and their values were 0, 142.9 kJ/mol and 1.6 × 1013 respectively. The structure of menthol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was investigated by molecular simulation and the minimum energy, –116.7 kJ/mol, was obtained at –0.8 × 10–10 m.
{"title":"(-)-Menthol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex production and characterization","authors":"Guangyong Zhu, Zuobing Xiao, Rujun Zhou, Junhua Liu, G. Zhu, Xiongjian Zheng","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract (-)-Menthol has been widely used in clinical medicine, flavor, and fragrance. However, high volatility, short retention time, low solubility in water, and whisker growth of menthol are crucial problems for its application. In this paper, (-)-menthol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was fabricated to solve these problems. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that menthol was successfully encapsulated in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. Menthol itself vaporized almost completely at around 120 oC, while the maximum menthol release rate occurred at 267.5 oC after the formation of the inclusion complex. The stability and retention time were improved. The menthol release reaction order, apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor were obtained and their values were 0, 142.9 kJ/mol and 1.6 × 1013 respectively. The structure of menthol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was investigated by molecular simulation and the minimum energy, –116.7 kJ/mol, was obtained at –0.8 × 10–10 m.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43500213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Szymańska, Klaudia Zielinkiewicz, K. Wenelska, E. Mijowska
Abstract This work reports a facile fabrication method to modify exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (e-MoS2) nanosheets with magnetite nanoparticles with various size distribution. The obtained materials have been utilized as nanofillers of polyethylene to enhance its thermal properties and flame retardance. The incorporation of magnetite modified MoS2 nanosheets leads to the reduction of the peak heat release rate. The best thermal conductivity has been noticed for composites with e-MoS2/Fe3O4 with 2 wt. % of nanofillers. The lowest CO emission was observed for the PE/e-MoS2 composite containing also 2 wt. % of Fe3O4. All composites with exfoliated MoS2 exhibited greater thermal properties in respect to the pristine polyethylene.
{"title":"Enhancement of Thermal Stability, Conductivity and Smoke Suppression of Polyethylene Composites with Exfoliated MoS2 Functionalized with Magnetite","authors":"K. Szymańska, Klaudia Zielinkiewicz, K. Wenelska, E. Mijowska","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work reports a facile fabrication method to modify exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (e-MoS2) nanosheets with magnetite nanoparticles with various size distribution. The obtained materials have been utilized as nanofillers of polyethylene to enhance its thermal properties and flame retardance. The incorporation of magnetite modified MoS2 nanosheets leads to the reduction of the peak heat release rate. The best thermal conductivity has been noticed for composites with e-MoS2/Fe3O4 with 2 wt. % of nanofillers. The lowest CO emission was observed for the PE/e-MoS2 composite containing also 2 wt. % of Fe3O4. All composites with exfoliated MoS2 exhibited greater thermal properties in respect to the pristine polyethylene.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48967586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ali, I. Wazeer, Abdulaziz M. Almutlaq, Jaganmohan Rallapalli, M. Hadj-Kali
Abstract Heat integration by pinch method is used to modify the heat exchanger network of an industrial ethylene glycol plant. The aim is to reduce the energy cost by operating the plant close to the maximum energy recovery. Pinch analysis identified a pinch temperature of 483 K, a minimum heating utility of 13,490.9 MJ/ton EO, and a minimum cooling utility of 25,697 MJ/ton EO. Using the pinch decomposition diagram and the standard procedure for matching hot and cold streams, a retrofit of the heat exchangers network is developed. The modified heat exchanger network reduces the external cooling duty by 45.5% and the external heating duty by 93.3%. This promising cost savings provide enough justification for restructuring the existing ethylene glycol plant. Moreover, an additional 6% reduction in the external cooling duty can be achieved by integrating the steam turbine below the pinch point.
{"title":"Retrofitting Heat Exchanger Network of Industrial Ethylene Glycol Plant using Heat Integration based on Pinch Analysis","authors":"E. Ali, I. Wazeer, Abdulaziz M. Almutlaq, Jaganmohan Rallapalli, M. Hadj-Kali","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heat integration by pinch method is used to modify the heat exchanger network of an industrial ethylene glycol plant. The aim is to reduce the energy cost by operating the plant close to the maximum energy recovery. Pinch analysis identified a pinch temperature of 483 K, a minimum heating utility of 13,490.9 MJ/ton EO, and a minimum cooling utility of 25,697 MJ/ton EO. Using the pinch decomposition diagram and the standard procedure for matching hot and cold streams, a retrofit of the heat exchangers network is developed. The modified heat exchanger network reduces the external cooling duty by 45.5% and the external heating duty by 93.3%. This promising cost savings provide enough justification for restructuring the existing ethylene glycol plant. Moreover, an additional 6% reduction in the external cooling duty can be achieved by integrating the steam turbine below the pinch point.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48717914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binxia Yuan, Zige Luo, Yongjun Sun, Sheng Cao, L. Cao, Min Li
Abstract AgInS2 Quantum dots (AIS QDs) have high quantum yield and catalytic performance, which is promising materials in photo-catalytic and optoelectronic fields. In the paper, it adopted a simple and non-toxic method to synthesize AIS QDs. The effect of reaction temperature on the growth mechanism, optical and physical properties of AIS had been extensively investigated by using L-cysteine as the sulfur source, and their application in catalytic hydrogen production was also studied. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence properties will be quenched with the increase of temperature, indicating that the separation speed of electron hole pairs of samples obtained at higher temperature was faster. Meantime, the electron transport capacity and the photocurrent had also improved with the increase of reaction temperature. Finally, the sample obtained at 100 oC had higher hydrogen production rate.
{"title":"Study on synthesis and photoelectric properties of AgInS2 quantum dots","authors":"Binxia Yuan, Zige Luo, Yongjun Sun, Sheng Cao, L. Cao, Min Li","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract AgInS2 Quantum dots (AIS QDs) have high quantum yield and catalytic performance, which is promising materials in photo-catalytic and optoelectronic fields. In the paper, it adopted a simple and non-toxic method to synthesize AIS QDs. The effect of reaction temperature on the growth mechanism, optical and physical properties of AIS had been extensively investigated by using L-cysteine as the sulfur source, and their application in catalytic hydrogen production was also studied. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence properties will be quenched with the increase of temperature, indicating that the separation speed of electron hole pairs of samples obtained at higher temperature was faster. Meantime, the electron transport capacity and the photocurrent had also improved with the increase of reaction temperature. Finally, the sample obtained at 100 oC had higher hydrogen production rate.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Gao, Guangyu Li, Zhong-yi Wang, Nuo Xu, Zongyu Wu
Abstract In this work, an analytical model describing liquid wicking phenomenon in porous media was constructed, based on the statistical geometry theory and the fractal theory. In the model, a new structure-property relationship, depicted by specific surface, porosity, tortuosity, pore fractal dimension, maximum pore size of the porous media, was introduced into the energy conservation equation. According to the theoretical model, the accumulated imbibition weight in porous media was achieved, and the predictions were verified by available experimental data published in different literatures. Besides, structure parameters influencing the imbibition process upon approaching equilibrium height were discussed. The model and results in this work are useful for the application of porous media in scientific research and industry.
{"title":"An analytical model for wicking in porous media based on statistical geometry theory","authors":"Hui Gao, Guangyu Li, Zhong-yi Wang, Nuo Xu, Zongyu Wu","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, an analytical model describing liquid wicking phenomenon in porous media was constructed, based on the statistical geometry theory and the fractal theory. In the model, a new structure-property relationship, depicted by specific surface, porosity, tortuosity, pore fractal dimension, maximum pore size of the porous media, was introduced into the energy conservation equation. According to the theoretical model, the accumulated imbibition weight in porous media was achieved, and the predictions were verified by available experimental data published in different literatures. Besides, structure parameters influencing the imbibition process upon approaching equilibrium height were discussed. The model and results in this work are useful for the application of porous media in scientific research and industry.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aly, N. Rizk, Ayman S. Eldourghamy, Safinaz A. Farfour, M. Ismael
Abstract Molecular modeling calculations were used to validate 3D structures of new complexes of Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) ions chelated with (E)-2-(phenylamino)-N-(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide ligand. Furthermore, the calculations were used to estimate selected electronic chemical descriptors which are responsible for the biological activity. The first insight of the compound activity as antibacterial was evaluated by molecular docking analysis. The titled models showed stable binding towards lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme of E. coli, indicating their inhibition effect toward bacterial growth. Structural study of the ligand and Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) chelates was done using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR techniques. Furthermore, complexes were physically investigated based on magnetic moment, molar conductance, electronic spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The antibacterial study of the synthesized compounds screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that these compounds display remarkable antibacterial activity and can be used as therapeutic drugs for pathogenic bacterial diseases. All complexes and ligand showed good scavenging activities which indicate a promising result for their applications as antioxidants.
{"title":"Molecular docking, theoretical calculations, synthesis of Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) complexes and activity determination as antibacterial and antioxidant","authors":"S. Aly, N. Rizk, Ayman S. Eldourghamy, Safinaz A. Farfour, M. Ismael","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Molecular modeling calculations were used to validate 3D structures of new complexes of Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) ions chelated with (E)-2-(phenylamino)-N-(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide ligand. Furthermore, the calculations were used to estimate selected electronic chemical descriptors which are responsible for the biological activity. The first insight of the compound activity as antibacterial was evaluated by molecular docking analysis. The titled models showed stable binding towards lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme of E. coli, indicating their inhibition effect toward bacterial growth. Structural study of the ligand and Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) chelates was done using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR techniques. Furthermore, complexes were physically investigated based on magnetic moment, molar conductance, electronic spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The antibacterial study of the synthesized compounds screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that these compounds display remarkable antibacterial activity and can be used as therapeutic drugs for pathogenic bacterial diseases. All complexes and ligand showed good scavenging activities which indicate a promising result for their applications as antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43598038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Bhat, Ahmad M. Naglah, A. A. Khan, A. Al‐Dhfyan
Abstract N-Substituted phenyl/cyclohexyl-2-(pyridine-4-carbonyl) hydrazine-1-carbothioamides (2a–r) were synthesized, characterized by spectral and analytical data. The compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. Most of the compounds showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 2h with 4-Sulfapyrimidine phenyl substitution was found to be the most promising candidate, active against Gram-positive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (2–7 μg/mL). From the docking study, we predicted that compounds (2r, 2g, 2h, 2o, 2p and 2e) possess better antibacterial activity by having a good binding affinity with target protein and they could be used as potential drugs as antimicrobials. Amongst all the docked compounds, the compound 2h presented near binding affinity & interaction docking score with DNA gyrase enzymes with reference to ciprofloxacin.
{"title":"Synthesis, molecular modelling and antibacterial activity of 4-aryl-thiosemicarbazides","authors":"M. A. Bhat, Ahmad M. Naglah, A. A. Khan, A. Al‐Dhfyan","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract N-Substituted phenyl/cyclohexyl-2-(pyridine-4-carbonyl) hydrazine-1-carbothioamides (2a–r) were synthesized, characterized by spectral and analytical data. The compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. Most of the compounds showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 2h with 4-Sulfapyrimidine phenyl substitution was found to be the most promising candidate, active against Gram-positive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (2–7 μg/mL). From the docking study, we predicted that compounds (2r, 2g, 2h, 2o, 2p and 2e) possess better antibacterial activity by having a good binding affinity with target protein and they could be used as potential drugs as antimicrobials. Amongst all the docked compounds, the compound 2h presented near binding affinity & interaction docking score with DNA gyrase enzymes with reference to ciprofloxacin.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47745307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingjian Liu, Yanwen Guo, Jianqi Zheng, Jiang Wu, Bing Hu
Abstract Hexamethylol melamine resins (HMM) with low crystallization water content and low viscosity were prepared by inhibiting the condensation polymerization of low hexamethylol melamine. The effects of catalyst, pH, formalde-hyde/melamine ratio, reaction temperature and time on the synthesis parameters of HMM were investigated. The results showed that the sample (HMM8) synthesized with Na2CO3-NaHCO3 as catalyst had the crystallization water content lower than 10%, being with a viscosity of about 0.26 Pa·s. The melting temperature of HMM8/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) curing system was about 164.3 °C. It was found that the higher the amount of formaldehyde, the greater the hydroxyl methyl bounded to each triazine ring. Compared with the traditional melamine formaldehyde resin which had the crystallization water content of about 20–30%, the production of this resin was expected to reduce the energy consumption of industrial reaction, while the resin with 10% crystallization water content was more conducive to the development of alloying HMM/PVA composite membrane.
{"title":"Preparation of hexamethylol melamine resin with low crystallization water and low viscosity for hexamethylol melamine/polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane","authors":"Xingjian Liu, Yanwen Guo, Jianqi Zheng, Jiang Wu, Bing Hu","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hexamethylol melamine resins (HMM) with low crystallization water content and low viscosity were prepared by inhibiting the condensation polymerization of low hexamethylol melamine. The effects of catalyst, pH, formalde-hyde/melamine ratio, reaction temperature and time on the synthesis parameters of HMM were investigated. The results showed that the sample (HMM8) synthesized with Na2CO3-NaHCO3 as catalyst had the crystallization water content lower than 10%, being with a viscosity of about 0.26 Pa·s. The melting temperature of HMM8/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) curing system was about 164.3 °C. It was found that the higher the amount of formaldehyde, the greater the hydroxyl methyl bounded to each triazine ring. Compared with the traditional melamine formaldehyde resin which had the crystallization water content of about 20–30%, the production of this resin was expected to reduce the energy consumption of industrial reaction, while the resin with 10% crystallization water content was more conducive to the development of alloying HMM/PVA composite membrane.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45345230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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