Dominik Nieweś, Kinga Marecka, Magdalena Braun-Giwerska, Marta Huculak-Mączka
Abstract Due to their properties, humic acids (HA) can interact with macro- and micronutrients and retain plant nutrients in the soil profile. The aim of the presented work was to develop a new integrated 4-step process for the isolation of humic acids from peat with their simultaneous enrichment in macronutrients. The study demonstrated the possibility of replacing traditional solutions used in the extraction of humic acids with solutions that are a source of macronutrients. For the alkaline extraction step, a process assisted with ultrasound was implemented, which allowed to increase the efficiency of humic acids isolation. Optimization of this step has shown that, with the application of ultrasound in the new procedure, it is possible to obtain the humic acids isolation efficiency of more than 60%. The qualitative analysis of the products obtained confirmed the presence of structures characteristic of humic acids, including key functional groups.
{"title":"Application of a modified method of humic acids extraction as an efficient process in the production of formulations for agricultural purposes","authors":"Dominik Nieweś, Kinga Marecka, Magdalena Braun-Giwerska, Marta Huculak-Mączka","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to their properties, humic acids (HA) can interact with macro- and micronutrients and retain plant nutrients in the soil profile. The aim of the presented work was to develop a new integrated 4-step process for the isolation of humic acids from peat with their simultaneous enrichment in macronutrients. The study demonstrated the possibility of replacing traditional solutions used in the extraction of humic acids with solutions that are a source of macronutrients. For the alkaline extraction step, a process assisted with ultrasound was implemented, which allowed to increase the efficiency of humic acids isolation. Optimization of this step has shown that, with the application of ultrasound in the new procedure, it is possible to obtain the humic acids isolation efficiency of more than 60%. The qualitative analysis of the products obtained confirmed the presence of structures characteristic of humic acids, including key functional groups.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michał Hyrycz, Marek Ochowiak, Andżelika Krupińska, Sylwia Włodarczak
Abstract During the dewatering process, centrate is produced, which is returned to the beginning of the technological system. The quality of the resulting centrate, and therefore the size of the returned load of pollutants, affects the demand for electricity in the process of biological wastewater treatment. The following study presents the results of centrate quality tests at five wastewater treatment plants located in Poland. The dependence between suspended solids content and ammonia and COD concentrations in the centrate was determined. It was estimated that an increase in the overall suspended solids leads to an increase in COD by about 1.15 kgCOD/kgTSS. No correlation was found between TSS concentration and ammonia. It was calculated that the complete elimination of suspended solids from the sludge would reduce the electricity consumption for all five objects by about 535 MWh/y.
{"title":"Influence of Effluent Quality from Sludge Dewatering on Electricity Consumption","authors":"Michał Hyrycz, Marek Ochowiak, Andżelika Krupińska, Sylwia Włodarczak","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the dewatering process, centrate is produced, which is returned to the beginning of the technological system. The quality of the resulting centrate, and therefore the size of the returned load of pollutants, affects the demand for electricity in the process of biological wastewater treatment. The following study presents the results of centrate quality tests at five wastewater treatment plants located in Poland. The dependence between suspended solids content and ammonia and COD concentrations in the centrate was determined. It was estimated that an increase in the overall suspended solids leads to an increase in COD by about 1.15 kgCOD/kgTSS. No correlation was found between TSS concentration and ammonia. It was calculated that the complete elimination of suspended solids from the sludge would reduce the electricity consumption for all five objects by about 535 MWh/y.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chetna Dhonchak, Nivedita Agnihotri, Mohammad Azam, Saleem Javed, Sambantham Muthu, Saud I Al-Resayes, Kim Min
Abstract Pentavalent niobium cation forms a stable yellow-colored binary complex with 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2’-thienyl)-4 H -chromen-4-one (CHMTC) in the ratio of 1:2. The complex is quantitatively extractable into carbon tetrachloride from HClO 4 solution maintained at pH 1.26–1.75 and strictly adheres to Beer’s law as verified by the Ringbom plot with an optimized range of determination as 0.385–1.211 ppm of Nb(V). The ligand-metal complex system shows good precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity and handles satisfactorily the analysis of several samples of varying complexity. The results are highly reproducible as confirmed by statistical data. The stability of the complex is theoretically confirmed with the help of HOMO-LUMO values and the energy gap [for CHMTC, Δ E gap = 3.62 V and for Nb(V)-CHMTC Complex, Δ E gap = 2.97 eV]. The reactivity descriptors were calculated for detailed computational study to probe into the chemical behavior of the studied ligand and its complex. Further, mapped electrostatic potential diagrams help in justifying the donor sites of CHMTC ligand which is in accordance with the analytical findings.
摘要五价铌阳离子与6-氯-3-羟基-7-甲基-2-(2′-噻吩基)-4 H -铬-4-one (CHMTC)以1:2的比例形成稳定的黄色二元配合物。该配合物可从pH为1.26 ~ 1.75的hclo4溶液中定量提取到四氯化碳中，并严格遵守Beer定律，经Ringbom图验证，最佳测定范围为0.385 ~ 1.211 ppm的Nb(V)。该配体-金属配合物体系具有良好的精密度、准确度、灵敏度和选择性，能令人满意地处理不同复杂程度样品的分析。经统计数据证实，结果具有较高的可重复性。利用HOMO-LUMO值和能隙从理论上证实了配合物的稳定性[对于CHMTC， Δ E gap = 3.62 V，对于Nb(V)-CHMTC配合物，Δ E gap = 2.97 eV]。对反应性描述符进行了详细的计算研究，以探讨所研究的配体及其配合物的化学行为。此外，绘制的静电势图有助于证明CHMTC配体的供体位点，这与分析结果一致。
{"title":"Theoretical investigations into the Spectrophotometrically Analyzed Niobium (V)-6-Chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2’-thienyl)-4<i>H</i>-chromen-4-one Complex","authors":"Chetna Dhonchak, Nivedita Agnihotri, Mohammad Azam, Saleem Javed, Sambantham Muthu, Saud I Al-Resayes, Kim Min","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pentavalent niobium cation forms a stable yellow-colored binary complex with 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2’-thienyl)-4 H -chromen-4-one (CHMTC) in the ratio of 1:2. The complex is quantitatively extractable into carbon tetrachloride from HClO 4 solution maintained at pH 1.26–1.75 and strictly adheres to Beer’s law as verified by the Ringbom plot with an optimized range of determination as 0.385–1.211 ppm of Nb(V). The ligand-metal complex system shows good precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity and handles satisfactorily the analysis of several samples of varying complexity. The results are highly reproducible as confirmed by statistical data. The stability of the complex is theoretically confirmed with the help of HOMO-LUMO values and the energy gap [for CHMTC, Δ E gap = 3.62 V and for Nb(V)-CHMTC Complex, Δ E gap = 2.97 eV]. The reactivity descriptors were calculated for detailed computational study to probe into the chemical behavior of the studied ligand and its complex. Further, mapped electrostatic potential diagrams help in justifying the donor sites of CHMTC ligand which is in accordance with the analytical findings.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zawar Hussain, Muhammad Jahangeer, Shafiq ur Rahman, Tamanna Ihsan, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F. Alasmari
Abstract Silver nanoparticles have special plasmonic and antibacterial characteristics that make them efficient in a variety of commercial medical applications. According to recent research, chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are harmful even in low concentrations. It was crucial to identify appropriate synthesis methods that may have low costs and be nontoxic to the environment. Zingiber officinale (ginger) extracts used to prepare silver nanoparticles were inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and the best physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface Plasmon resonance peak at 425 nm was observed using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 5 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern values of 2θ: 38.2 o , 46.3 o , and 64.58 o are used to determine the planes (111), (200), and (220). The silver nanoparticle’s existence was verified by the face-centered cubic (FCC). Silver nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella Aerogenes , Salmonella , Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli . The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was observed using the agar well diffusion (AWD) method at three different concentrations (100 μg/ml, 75 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml). The zone of inhibition measured against the bacterial strains pseudomonas Aeruginosa , Klebsiella aerogenes , Escherichia coli , Salmonella and Staphylococcus which were (18.4±1.25 mm, 16.9±0.74 mm, 14.8±1.25 mm), (16.8±0.96 mm, 14.6±0.76 mm, 14.0±1.15 mm), (19.7±0.76 mm, 18.2±0.66 mm, 15.4±1.15 mm), (16.6±0.67 mm, 14.2±0.23 mm, 12.8±0.78 mm) and (12±0.68 mm, 10±0.20 mm, 08±0.15 mm). These nanoparticles’ potent antibacterial properties may enable them to be employed as nanomedicines for a variety of gram-negative bacterial illness treatments.
{"title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> and their antibacterial activities against selected species","authors":"Zawar Hussain, Muhammad Jahangeer, Shafiq ur Rahman, Tamanna Ihsan, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F. Alasmari","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Silver nanoparticles have special plasmonic and antibacterial characteristics that make them efficient in a variety of commercial medical applications. According to recent research, chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are harmful even in low concentrations. It was crucial to identify appropriate synthesis methods that may have low costs and be nontoxic to the environment. Zingiber officinale (ginger) extracts used to prepare silver nanoparticles were inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and the best physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface Plasmon resonance peak at 425 nm was observed using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 5 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern values of 2θ: 38.2 o , 46.3 o , and 64.58 o are used to determine the planes (111), (200), and (220). The silver nanoparticle’s existence was verified by the face-centered cubic (FCC). Silver nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella Aerogenes , Salmonella , Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli . The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was observed using the agar well diffusion (AWD) method at three different concentrations (100 μg/ml, 75 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml). The zone of inhibition measured against the bacterial strains pseudomonas Aeruginosa , Klebsiella aerogenes , Escherichia coli , Salmonella and Staphylococcus which were (18.4±1.25 mm, 16.9±0.74 mm, 14.8±1.25 mm), (16.8±0.96 mm, 14.6±0.76 mm, 14.0±1.15 mm), (19.7±0.76 mm, 18.2±0.66 mm, 15.4±1.15 mm), (16.6±0.67 mm, 14.2±0.23 mm, 12.8±0.78 mm) and (12±0.68 mm, 10±0.20 mm, 08±0.15 mm). These nanoparticles’ potent antibacterial properties may enable them to be employed as nanomedicines for a variety of gram-negative bacterial illness treatments.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Bilal Akram, Ibrar Khan, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Shafiq ur Rahman, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F Alasmari
Abstract The present study was aimed to identify the indigenous fungal strains which could possibly be applied to the biore-mediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The contaminated soil samples of Korangi Industrial Estate Karachi were found to have total concentration of Cu 1.044 mgL 1 , and Pb 0.631 mgL –1 . A total of eight indigenous strains of the fungus were isolated and screened for bioremediation capacity from heavy metals-contaminated soil. For the bioremediation of Lead (Pb) these same indigenous eight fungal strains were used for biological remediation. All the fungal isolated with enhanced bioremediation capability were through phenotypic and genotypical characterization. The topology of the phylograms established that the fungal isolates used in this study were allocated to: K1 ( Penicillium notatum ), K2 ( Aspergillus parasiticus ), K3 ( Aspergillus fumigatus ), K4 ( Aspergillus flavus ), K5 ( Aspergillus terries ), K6 ( Fusarium solani ), K7 ( Penicillium chrysogenum ), K8 ( Aspergillus niger ), K9 ( Penicillium piceum ) and K10 ( Penicillium restrictum ). Thus, K8 fungal isolate was found to be more efficient with maximum bioremediation capacity, for copper and lead removal efficiency, and selected for FTIR and SEM to find out the uptake of Cu and Pb which of the functional groups are involved, and further to detect the effects of bioleaching of both heavy metals on to the surface of K8 fungus biomass. The current study indicates that indigenous fungal isolates could be used with high potency to remediate or clean up the heavy metals-contaminated soil either by the technique of in situ or ex-situ bioremediation.
{"title":"Mycoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil by Using Indigenous Metallotolerant Fungi","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Akram, Ibrar Khan, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Shafiq ur Rahman, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F Alasmari","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was aimed to identify the indigenous fungal strains which could possibly be applied to the biore-mediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The contaminated soil samples of Korangi Industrial Estate Karachi were found to have total concentration of Cu 1.044 mgL 1 , and Pb 0.631 mgL –1 . A total of eight indigenous strains of the fungus were isolated and screened for bioremediation capacity from heavy metals-contaminated soil. For the bioremediation of Lead (Pb) these same indigenous eight fungal strains were used for biological remediation. All the fungal isolated with enhanced bioremediation capability were through phenotypic and genotypical characterization. The topology of the phylograms established that the fungal isolates used in this study were allocated to: K1 ( Penicillium notatum ), K2 ( Aspergillus parasiticus ), K3 ( Aspergillus fumigatus ), K4 ( Aspergillus flavus ), K5 ( Aspergillus terries ), K6 ( Fusarium solani ), K7 ( Penicillium chrysogenum ), K8 ( Aspergillus niger ), K9 ( Penicillium piceum ) and K10 ( Penicillium restrictum ). Thus, K8 fungal isolate was found to be more efficient with maximum bioremediation capacity, for copper and lead removal efficiency, and selected for FTIR and SEM to find out the uptake of Cu and Pb which of the functional groups are involved, and further to detect the effects of bioleaching of both heavy metals on to the surface of K8 fungus biomass. The current study indicates that indigenous fungal isolates could be used with high potency to remediate or clean up the heavy metals-contaminated soil either by the technique of in situ or ex-situ bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, the design and the thermal analysis of a tribled microprocessor cooler combining the advantages of strong swirl flow and minichannel-fins and CuO nanofluid, have been presented. It is thought that the results will contribute to the understanding of the effects of parameters on the cooling flux of the heat sink and the decline at the microprocessor temperature, as Reynolds number in the minichannels and CuO % volume fraction. The results have exhibited that the total performance of the heat sink cooled with the mixture of water–CuO-EG nanofluids increases with the increase of Re number and the %load of nanoparticles in the coolant. It has been determined that the energy withdrawn from the microprocessor was 241 times higher than the energy generated for maximum CuO load and Re number conditions. Besides, the highest temperature decrease has been measured at the maximum CuO load value and maximum Re number.
{"title":"Design of a CPU Heat Sink with Minichannel-Fins & its Thermal Analysis","authors":"Mehmet Emin Arzutuğ","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the design and the thermal analysis of a tribled microprocessor cooler combining the advantages of strong swirl flow and minichannel-fins and CuO nanofluid, have been presented. It is thought that the results will contribute to the understanding of the effects of parameters on the cooling flux of the heat sink and the decline at the microprocessor temperature, as Reynolds number in the minichannels and CuO % volume fraction. The results have exhibited that the total performance of the heat sink cooled with the mixture of water–CuO-EG nanofluids increases with the increase of Re number and the %load of nanoparticles in the coolant. It has been determined that the energy withdrawn from the microprocessor was 241 times higher than the energy generated for maximum CuO load and Re number conditions. Besides, the highest temperature decrease has been measured at the maximum CuO load value and maximum Re number.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: wild Coleus forskohlii L . is a well-known traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases because of its high forskolin content and several diterpenes. Objective: this study aimed phytochemical screening, finding of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidation activity of Coleus forskohlii L . leavse extracts in Al-Leith area, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: dry leaves of wild C. forskohlii L . were used. Four solvents from diverse polarity groups were tested on these leaves, which are ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane. Moreover, obtained extracts were used in phytochemical analyzing, finding of total phenols, and antioxidation activity. Results: showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, Proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, and glycosides in Coleus forskohlii L . leaves. The highest value of total phenolic content (TPC) was significantly (P < 0.001) in ethanol extract (280.5±2.33 mg GAE/gm. Also, the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC) was in ethanol extract (141.4±1.30 mg QE /g). The antioxidation activity was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in ethanol extract (78.55±2.23%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (60.18±1.21%), chloroform extract (36.11±2.54%), and lowest value in hexane extract (20.71±0.59%). The study clearly indicated that the leaves extract of C. forskohlli L . collected from Al-Leith region- Saudi Arabia has properties to be useful in pharmacological and biological industries.
摘要背景:野生大黄花。是一种著名的传统药物，治疗许多疾病，因为它的高福斯克林含量和几种二萜。目的:对山茱萸进行植物化学筛选，测定其总酚含量(TPC)、总黄酮含量(TFC)及抗氧化活性。叶提取物在Al-Leith地区，沙特阿拉伯。材料与方法:野生山茱萸干叶。被使用。在这些叶子上测试了四种不同极性基团的溶剂，分别是乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和己烷。此外，所获得的提取物用于植物化学分析，总酚的发现和抗氧化活性。结果:黄酮类、单宁类、生物碱类、蛋白质类、碳水化合物类、皂苷类和糖苷类化合物均在黄酮类、黄酮类、单宁类、生物碱类化合物中存在。叶子。总酚含量(TPC)的最高值显著高于(P <0.001)，乙醇提取物(280.5±2.33 mg GAE/gm)。总黄酮含量以乙醇提取物最高(141.4±1.30 mg QE /g)。抗氧化活性显著(P <0.001)，其次为乙酸乙酯(60.18±1.21%)、氯仿(36.11±2.54%)，己烷(20.71±0.59%)最低。本研究明确地表明，山茱萸叶提取物具有明显的生物活性。产自沙特阿拉伯Al-Leith地区，具有在药理和生物工业中有用的特性。
{"title":"Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaves extracts of <i>Coleus forskohlii L</i>. collected from Al-Leith Area, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Manal Y. Sameeh","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: wild Coleus forskohlii L . is a well-known traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases because of its high forskolin content and several diterpenes. Objective: this study aimed phytochemical screening, finding of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidation activity of Coleus forskohlii L . leavse extracts in Al-Leith area, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: dry leaves of wild C. forskohlii L . were used. Four solvents from diverse polarity groups were tested on these leaves, which are ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane. Moreover, obtained extracts were used in phytochemical analyzing, finding of total phenols, and antioxidation activity. Results: showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, Proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, and glycosides in Coleus forskohlii L . leaves. The highest value of total phenolic content (TPC) was significantly (P < 0.001) in ethanol extract (280.5±2.33 mg GAE/gm. Also, the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC) was in ethanol extract (141.4±1.30 mg QE /g). The antioxidation activity was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in ethanol extract (78.55±2.23%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (60.18±1.21%), chloroform extract (36.11±2.54%), and lowest value in hexane extract (20.71±0.59%). The study clearly indicated that the leaves extract of C. forskohlli L . collected from Al-Leith region- Saudi Arabia has properties to be useful in pharmacological and biological industries.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The stable transportation of pulverized coal in the vertical pipe is significant for the operation of the gasifier. There are few studies on the flow characteristics and flow pattern transition of particles in vertical pipes with small diameters. This paper has modeled and analyzed the flow characteristic of powder in dense-phase pneumatic conveying through 25 mm vertical pipe using CFD. Firstly, the grid independence is verified to determine the optimal mesh size. Then, the influences of different solid loading ratios (SLRs) and conveying velocities on particle flow characteristics, flow stability, and flow pattern transition are investigated. The results show that the flow pattern in the vertical pipe changes from annular flow to uniform flow at high SLR and low conveying velocity. Moreover, the evolution regulation of resistance characteristics under different conveying velocities is further revealed. Considering the conveying stability and economic benefit, the most suitable conveying velocity is 6 m/s.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of dense-phase pneumatic conveying in vertical pipe for gasifier","authors":"Yuzhen Gao, Choon Kit Chan","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The stable transportation of pulverized coal in the vertical pipe is significant for the operation of the gasifier. There are few studies on the flow characteristics and flow pattern transition of particles in vertical pipes with small diameters. This paper has modeled and analyzed the flow characteristic of powder in dense-phase pneumatic conveying through 25 mm vertical pipe using CFD. Firstly, the grid independence is verified to determine the optimal mesh size. Then, the influences of different solid loading ratios (SLRs) and conveying velocities on particle flow characteristics, flow stability, and flow pattern transition are investigated. The results show that the flow pattern in the vertical pipe changes from annular flow to uniform flow at high SLR and low conveying velocity. Moreover, the evolution regulation of resistance characteristics under different conveying velocities is further revealed. Considering the conveying stability and economic benefit, the most suitable conveying velocity is 6 m/s.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article is devoted to the experimental determination of thermokinetic parameters of oil sludge thermal degradation using the model-free Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method in the presence of a nanocatalyst (nickel, cobalt and iron-supported microsilicate) by calculating Arrhenius kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor). The phase composition of the reflex microsilicate was established – 4.12; 2.51 Å – SiO 2 , nickel-supported microsilicate reflexes: 2.09; 1.48 Å – NiO, reflexes: 4.25 Å – SiO 2 and acid numbers of microsilicate – 64 μmol/g of prepared nanocatalysts. Using the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller, the specific surface area of the microsilicate was established – 18.3 ± 0.3 m 2 /g, the microsilicate with nickel applied – 20.9 ± 0.2 m 2 /g and the adsorption isotherm of the prepared nanocatalysts (microsilicate with nickel, cobalt and iron). Thermokinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of oil sludge without a catalyst and with a catalyst at an increment of 0.9 are 99.0 and 93.3 kJ/mol nickel-supported microsilicate, 51.9 kJ/mol cobalt-supported microsilicate, 111.3 kJ/mol iron-supported microsilicate and non-metal-supported microsilicate 173.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The study of the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of oil sludge using various catalysts makes it possible to assess their influence on the process of decomposition of organic components. The results of the experiments showed that the use of catalysts significantly affects the destruction of oil sludge. Dynamic thermal analysis at different heating rates studied the dynamics of oil sludge decomposition. The study of the effect of catalysts on the kinetic parameters of oil sludge pyrolysis is an important step in the development of new methods for the disposal of petroleum products and the reduction of their negative impact on the environment. The obtained experimental data on thermal degradation kinetics of oil sludge will find application in designing a reactor for the process of destructive hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials.
本文通过计算Arrhenius动力学参数(活化能和指前因子)，研究了纳米催化剂(镍、钴和铁负载的微硅酸盐)存在下，采用无模型Ozawa-Flynn-Wall法测定油泥热降解的热力学参数。建立了反射微硅酸盐的相组成- 4.12;2.51 Å -二氧化硅，镍负载微硅酸盐反射:2.09;1.48 Å - NiO，反射性:4.25 Å - sio2和微硅酸盐酸数-制备的纳米催化剂64 μmol/g。采用Brunauer, Emmett和Teller的方法，确定了微硅酸盐的比表面积为- 18.3±0.3 m2 /g，镀镍微硅酸盐的比表面积为- 20.9±0.2 m2 /g，以及所制备的纳米催化剂(镍、钴和铁微硅酸盐)的吸附等温线。无催化剂和催化剂添加量为0.9时油泥热分解的热力学参数分别为:镍微硅酸盐为99.0和93.3 kJ/mol，钴微硅酸盐为51.9 kJ/mol，铁微硅酸盐为111.3 kJ/mol，非金属微硅酸盐为173.7 kJ/mol。通过研究不同催化剂对油泥热解的动力学参数，可以评估其对有机组分分解过程的影响。实验结果表明，催化剂的使用对油泥的破坏有显著影响。动态热分析研究了不同升温速率下油泥分解的动力学过程。研究催化剂对油泥热解动力学参数的影响是开发石油产品处置新方法和减少其对环境的负面影响的重要一步。所获得的油泥热降解动力学实验数据将在重烃原料破坏性加氢工艺反应器的设计中得到应用。
{"title":"Kinetic of Oil Sludge Thermolysis Process in Presence of Nickel, Cobalt and Iron-Supported Microsilicate","authors":"Sairagul Tyanakh, Murzabek Baikenov, Ma Feng Yun, Tolkyn Khamitova, Nazerke Balpanova, Balzhan Tulebayeva, Aikorkem Kyzkenova, Aliya Karimova, N.Z. Rakhimzhanova, E.V. Kochegina","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article is devoted to the experimental determination of thermokinetic parameters of oil sludge thermal degradation using the model-free Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method in the presence of a nanocatalyst (nickel, cobalt and iron-supported microsilicate) by calculating Arrhenius kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor). The phase composition of the reflex microsilicate was established – 4.12; 2.51 Å – SiO 2 , nickel-supported microsilicate reflexes: 2.09; 1.48 Å – NiO, reflexes: 4.25 Å – SiO 2 and acid numbers of microsilicate – 64 μmol/g of prepared nanocatalysts. Using the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller, the specific surface area of the microsilicate was established – 18.3 ± 0.3 m 2 /g, the microsilicate with nickel applied – 20.9 ± 0.2 m 2 /g and the adsorption isotherm of the prepared nanocatalysts (microsilicate with nickel, cobalt and iron). Thermokinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of oil sludge without a catalyst and with a catalyst at an increment of 0.9 are 99.0 and 93.3 kJ/mol nickel-supported microsilicate, 51.9 kJ/mol cobalt-supported microsilicate, 111.3 kJ/mol iron-supported microsilicate and non-metal-supported microsilicate 173.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The study of the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of oil sludge using various catalysts makes it possible to assess their influence on the process of decomposition of organic components. The results of the experiments showed that the use of catalysts significantly affects the destruction of oil sludge. Dynamic thermal analysis at different heating rates studied the dynamics of oil sludge decomposition. The study of the effect of catalysts on the kinetic parameters of oil sludge pyrolysis is an important step in the development of new methods for the disposal of petroleum products and the reduction of their negative impact on the environment. The obtained experimental data on thermal degradation kinetics of oil sludge will find application in designing a reactor for the process of destructive hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The raceway plays a crucial role in ensuring the stable functioning of the ironmaking blast furnace. It is the key site where the chemical reaction of coke combustion takes place, providing the necessary heat and reducing gas for the upper iron ore reduction process. Consequently, the size of the raceway serves as an essential indicator of the blast furnace’s operational condition. In this study, a mathematical model for the raceway of an industrial-scale blast furnace was established. Extensive innovation investigations were conducted to explore the characteristics pertaining to the raceway’s size. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that both the particle size and the inlet velocity exert significant influences on the raceway dimensions. Specifically, the height of the raceway is predominantly affected by the particle size, whereas the inlet velocity predominantly influences the depth of the raceway.
{"title":"CFD-DEM simulation of raceway size and mechanical characteristics of industrial scale blast furnace","authors":"Yuzhen Gao, Choon Kit Chan","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The raceway plays a crucial role in ensuring the stable functioning of the ironmaking blast furnace. It is the key site where the chemical reaction of coke combustion takes place, providing the necessary heat and reducing gas for the upper iron ore reduction process. Consequently, the size of the raceway serves as an essential indicator of the blast furnace’s operational condition. In this study, a mathematical model for the raceway of an industrial-scale blast furnace was established. Extensive innovation investigations were conducted to explore the characteristics pertaining to the raceway’s size. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that both the particle size and the inlet velocity exert significant influences on the raceway dimensions. Specifically, the height of the raceway is predominantly affected by the particle size, whereas the inlet velocity predominantly influences the depth of the raceway.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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