M.N. Mohammed, H.S.S. Aljibori, Muhsin Jaber Jweeg, Firas Al Oqaili, Thamer Adnan Abdullah, Oday I. Abdullah, Faiza Meharban, Rashed T. Rashed, Mustafa Aldulaimi, Khalida Al-Azawi
With the paramount development of industry and agriculture sector, levels of different pollutants like, heavy metal ions, pharmaceuticals, organic dyes, biological waste and other pollutants are becoming serious. The ecosystem and human health suffered greatly from the adverse effects of these pollutants. The disposal of these pollutants has become an urgent issue for the human society. Graphene oxide base nanocomposites have generated an excellent extent of focus as desirable alternatives for the adsorptive elimination of contaminants from aqueous systems owing to their enhanced surface area and multiple functional groups for adsorption. Graphene oxide (GO) as a graphene derivative exhibited superior features as obtainable in a graphene sheet. Moreover, the addition of oxygen functional group at the edges and basal plane of graphene further enhanced the efficiency of the graphene by providing sites for the attachment of different metals on the surface. On the underlying adsorption processes, graphene-based nanocomposites for specific contaminants are designed and currently employed for wastewater treatment. This review presents the ongoing development of GO base nanocomposites and their useful applications, understanding how well graphene-based nanocomposites adsorb pollutants and how that relates to the ways in which pollutants interact with adsorbents is crucial. This study highlights newly developed trends in the creation of graphene oxide based nanocomposites to eliminate different heavy metal ions, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and oils spills from effluent water. The focus is on various graphene oxides nanocomposites application for the removal of different pollutants and regeneration of graphene oxide base nanocomposites after several adsorption cycles. Other challenges and potential directions for designing efficient GO based nanocomposites as adsorbents are also presented along with the problems of current studies.
随着工业和农业的蓬勃发展，重金属离子、药物、有机染料、生物废料和其他污染物的含量日益严重。这些污染物对生态系统和人类健康造成了极大的负面影响。如何处理这些污染物已成为人类社会亟待解决的问题。氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料因其比表面积增大和多种吸附功能基团而成为吸附消除水系统中污染物的理想替代品，引起了广泛关注。氧化石墨烯（GO）作为一种石墨烯衍生物，表现出与石墨烯薄片相同的优异特性。此外，在石墨烯的边缘和基底面上添加氧官能团，可为不同金属提供附着点，从而进一步提高石墨烯的效率。根据基本的吸附过程，设计出了针对特定污染物的石墨烯基纳米复合材料，目前已用于废水处理。了解石墨烯基纳米复合材料对污染物的吸附效果以及吸附效果与污染物与吸附剂相互作用的关系至关重要。本研究重点介绍了基于氧化石墨烯的纳米复合材料在消除污水中不同重金属离子、染料、药物和油类溢出物方面的最新发展趋势。重点是各种氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料在去除不同污染物方面的应用，以及氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料在多次吸附循环后的再生。此外，还介绍了设计高效的 GO 基纳米复合材料作为吸附剂所面临的其他挑战和潜在方向，以及当前研究中存在的问题。
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Graphene Oxide Based Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment","authors":"M.N. Mohammed, H.S.S. Aljibori, Muhsin Jaber Jweeg, Firas Al Oqaili, Thamer Adnan Abdullah, Oday I. Abdullah, Faiza Meharban, Rashed T. Rashed, Mustafa Aldulaimi, Khalida Al-Azawi","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"With the paramount development of industry and agriculture sector, levels of different pollutants like, heavy metal ions, pharmaceuticals, organic dyes, biological waste and other pollutants are becoming serious. The ecosystem and human health suffered greatly from the adverse effects of these pollutants. The disposal of these pollutants has become an urgent issue for the human society. Graphene oxide base nanocomposites have generated an excellent extent of focus as desirable alternatives for the adsorptive elimination of contaminants from aqueous systems owing to their enhanced surface area and multiple functional groups for adsorption. Graphene oxide (GO) as a graphene derivative exhibited superior features as obtainable in a graphene sheet. Moreover, the addition of oxygen functional group at the edges and basal plane of graphene further enhanced the efficiency of the graphene by providing sites for the attachment of different metals on the surface. On the underlying adsorption processes, graphene-based nanocomposites for specific contaminants are designed and currently employed for wastewater treatment. This review presents the ongoing development of GO base nanocomposites and their useful applications, understanding how well graphene-based nanocomposites adsorb pollutants and how that relates to the ways in which pollutants interact with adsorbents is crucial. This study highlights newly developed trends in the creation of graphene oxide based nanocomposites to eliminate different heavy metal ions, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and oils spills from effluent water. The focus is on various graphene oxides nanocomposites application for the removal of different pollutants and regeneration of graphene oxide base nanocomposites after several adsorption cycles. Other challenges and potential directions for designing efficient GO based nanocomposites as adsorbents are also presented along with the problems of current studies.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present review handles the main characteristics of iron oxide reduction and its industrial applications. The reduction of iron oxide is the basis of all ironmaking processes, whether in a blast furnace or by direct reduction and/or direct smelting processes. The reduction characteristics of iron ores control the efficiency of any ironmaking process and the quality of the produced iron as well. Many controlling parameters should be considered when discussing the reducibility of iron ores such as equilibrium phase diagrams, reduction temperature, pressure, gas composition, and the nature of both iron ores and reducing agent. The different factors affecting the main routes of ironmaking will be highlighted in the present review to give a clear picture for each technology. Moreover, further innovations regarding the reduction of iron oxides such as reduction by green hydrogen will be discussed.
{"title":"Characteristics and applications of iron oxides reduction processes","authors":"K.S. Abdel Halim, A.A. El-Geassy, M.I. Nasr, Mohamed Ramadan, Naglaa Fathy, Abdulaziz S. Al-ghamdi","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The present review handles the main characteristics of iron oxide reduction and its industrial applications. The reduction of iron oxide is the basis of all ironmaking processes, whether in a blast furnace or by direct reduction and/or direct smelting processes. The reduction characteristics of iron ores control the efficiency of any ironmaking process and the quality of the produced iron as well. Many controlling parameters should be considered when discussing the reducibility of iron ores such as equilibrium phase diagrams, reduction temperature, pressure, gas composition, and the nature of both iron ores and reducing agent. The different factors affecting the main routes of ironmaking will be highlighted in the present review to give a clear picture for each technology. Moreover, further innovations regarding the reduction of iron oxides such as reduction by green hydrogen will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anh Q.K. Nguyen, Thi K.N. Tran, Bich N. Hoang, Ngo T.C. Quyen, Tai T. Huynh, Nguyen P. Yen, Bich N. Nguyen
Calcination temperature is a crucial parameter that can be easily controlled to induce a change in material properties. Herein, iron tungstate (FeWO4) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method using iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate and sodium tungstate dihydrate as precursors and calcined at the temperature between 300 oC and 700 oC. With increasing calcination temperature, the saturation magnetization of FeWO4 nanoparticles decreased from 6.6 emu/g for FeWO4 to 0.4 emu/g for FeWO4_700, whereas their band gaps increased from 1.95 eV for FeWO4 to 2.20 eV for FeWO4_700. More crystallinity and crystal defects, and morphological changes at higher calcination temperatures contributed to varying magneto-optical properties of FeWO4 nanoparticles.
{"title":"Effect of calcination temperatures on optical and magnetic properties of FeWO4 nanoparticles","authors":"Anh Q.K. Nguyen, Thi K.N. Tran, Bich N. Hoang, Ngo T.C. Quyen, Tai T. Huynh, Nguyen P. Yen, Bich N. Nguyen","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Calcination temperature is a crucial parameter that can be easily controlled to induce a change in material properties. Herein, iron tungstate (FeWO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method using iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate and sodium tungstate dihydrate as precursors and calcined at the temperature between 300 <jats:sup>o</jats:sup>C and 700 <jats:sup>o</jats:sup>C. With increasing calcination temperature, the saturation magnetization of FeWO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles decreased from 6.6 emu/g for FeWO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> to 0.4 emu/g for FeWO4_700, whereas their band gaps increased from 1.95 eV for FeWO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> to 2.20 eV for FeWO4_700. More crystallinity and crystal defects, and morphological changes at higher calcination temperatures contributed to varying magneto-optical properties of FeWO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the reaction between the drug gatifloxacin (as a ligand) with Ru(III) ions was investigated and the resulting complex was structurally and morphologically characterized. The structural properties of the complex were assessed using elemental analyses, molar conductance, thermogravimetry, UV-Vis, and IR spectroscopies, where the morphological characteristics were evaluated using SEM-EDX and XRD methods. The analyses suggested that two ligand molecules were coordinated to the Ru(III) ion via the nitrogen atoms of piperazine rings. The complex was formulated as [Ru(L)2(Cl)2]Cl, where the Ru(III) ion has a six-coordinate mode, and the coordination sphere is complemented by chlorine atoms. The interaction of the ligand with the Ru(III) ions leads to the product having an organized smooth plate-like structure with a main diameter of 39.42 nm. The RuO2 oxide in the nanoscale range was generated by the thermal decomposition of the [Ru(L)2(Cl)2]Cl complex at 600 oC for 3 hours. SEM micrographs indicated that the RuO2 material possesses uniform and organized microstructures with many internal cavities enabling it to be used as a catalyst for the heterogeneous degradation of dyes and organic pollutants.
{"title":"Synthesis, structural, thermal, and morphological characterization of Ru(III) complex with gatifloxacin and its utility to obtain RuO2 nanostructures","authors":"Khaled Althubeiti","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the reaction between the drug gatifloxacin (as a ligand) with Ru(III) ions was investigated and the resulting complex was structurally and morphologically characterized. The structural properties of the complex were assessed using elemental analyses, molar conductance, thermogravimetry, UV-Vis, and IR spectroscopies, where the morphological characteristics were evaluated using SEM-EDX and XRD methods. The analyses suggested that two ligand molecules were coordinated to the Ru(III) ion via the nitrogen atoms of piperazine rings. The complex was formulated as [Ru(L)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(Cl)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>]Cl, where the Ru(III) ion has a six-coordinate mode, and the coordination sphere is complemented by chlorine atoms. The interaction of the ligand with the Ru(III) ions leads to the product having an organized smooth plate-like structure with a main diameter of 39.42 nm. The RuO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> oxide in the nanoscale range was generated by the thermal decomposition of the [Ru(L)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(Cl)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>]Cl complex at 600 <jats:sup>o</jats:sup>C for 3 hours. SEM micrographs indicated that the RuO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> material possesses uniform and organized microstructures with many internal cavities enabling it to be used as a catalyst for the heterogeneous degradation of dyes and organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mashooq A. Bhat, Ahmed M. Naglah, Ahmed Hassan Bakheit, Mohamad A. Al-Omar
A novel series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of mefenamic acid was obtained by reacting hydrazones of mefenamic acid with anhydrous acetic anhydride. The mefenamic hydrazones were obtained by reacting different substituted aldehydes with mefenamic acid hydrazide. All the compounds were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis. Molecular docking studies of all the compounds were performed against COX-1/COX-2 enzymes. Compound 4 and compound 10 were found to have the highest potential to bind with COX-1 while compound 3, compound 6, and compound 10 were found to have the highest potential to bind with COX-2 enzyme.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and molecular modeling of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of mefenamic acid","authors":"Mashooq A. Bhat, Ahmed M. Naglah, Ahmed Hassan Bakheit, Mohamad A. Al-Omar","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"A novel series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of mefenamic acid was obtained by reacting hydrazones of mefenamic acid with anhydrous acetic anhydride. The mefenamic hydrazones were obtained by reacting different substituted aldehydes with mefenamic acid hydrazide. All the compounds were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis. Molecular docking studies of all the compounds were performed against COX-1/COX-2 enzymes. Compound 4 and compound 10 were found to have the highest potential to bind with COX-1 while compound 3, compound 6, and compound 10 were found to have the highest potential to bind with COX-2 enzyme.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of studies on the transformation of geraniol (GA) in the presence of the natural mineral bentonite. The paper determines the influence of temperature, catalyst content, and reaction time on the course of the process. In order to determine the most favorable process conditions, the catalytic tests were carried out without solvent and under atmospheric pressure. Three functions were chosen to determine the most favorable process conditions: GA conversion and the selectivities of the main products: linalool – LO and beta-pinene – BP. In addition, the paper optimize GA transformation process based on response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of the most relevant process indicators was presented. For all factors of the method, their effects on all primary parameters were determined in the form of second-degree polynomials, and such process conditions were determined to achieve their maximum.
本文介绍了在天然矿物膨润土存在下转化香叶醇（GA）的研究结果。本文确定了温度、催化剂含量和反应时间对工艺过程的影响。为了确定最有利的工艺条件，催化试验在无溶剂和常压下进行。选择了三种功能来确定最有利的工艺条件：GA 转化率和主要产物的选择性：芳樟醇 - LO 和 beta-蒎烯 - BP。此外，论文还基于响应面方法（RSM）对 GA 转化工艺进行了优化。文中介绍了最相关工艺指标的影响。对于该方法的所有因素，其对所有主要参数的影响均以二级多项式的形式确定，并确定了达到最大值的工艺条件。
{"title":"Optimization of (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol (geraniol) transformation process parameters using Response Surface Method (RSM)","authors":"Anna Fajdek-Bieda, Agnieszka Wróblewska","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of studies on the transformation of geraniol (GA) in the presence of the natural mineral bentonite. The paper determines the influence of temperature, catalyst content, and reaction time on the course of the process. In order to determine the most favorable process conditions, the catalytic tests were carried out without solvent and under atmospheric pressure. Three functions were chosen to determine the most favorable process conditions: GA conversion and the selectivities of the main products: linalool – LO and beta-pinene – BP. In addition, the paper optimize GA transformation process based on response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of the most relevant process indicators was presented. For all factors of the method, their effects on all primary parameters were determined in the form of second-degree polynomials, and such process conditions were determined to achieve their maximum.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of process parameters such as interfacial tension, type of surfactants, and their concentration on simple oil-in-water dispersion. Explored systems were prepared with 5% liquid paraffin oil and aqueous phase with emulsifiers Tween 40 of concentrations from 0.008325 mM to 0.025 mM and Tween 80 with concentrations ranging from 0.00375 mM to 0.011 mM. All systems were characterized in terms of their density and interfacial tension. In the next step analysis of droplet size distributions and mean droplet diameter was performed. The results showed that the size of paraffin droplets decreased as the concentration of surfactants grew. This trend is accompanied by decrease in the interfacial tension between phases. The correlation between mean drop size and the energy input and physical properties of both liquids was developed. The last step provides scientific evidence for the formulation of stable droplets of liquid paraffin.
本研究旨在探讨界面张力、表面活性剂类型及其浓度等工艺参数对简单水包油分散的影响。所探讨的体系由 5% 的液体石蜡油和水相制备而成，其中乳化剂吐温 40 的浓度为 0.008325 mM 至 0.025 mM，吐温 80 的浓度为 0.00375 mM 至 0.011 mM。所有体系都根据密度和界面张力进行了表征。下一步是对液滴大小分布和平均液滴直径进行分析。结果表明，石蜡液滴的大小随着表面活性剂浓度的增加而减小。这一趋势伴随着相间界面张力的降低。平均液滴大小与能量输入和两种液体的物理性质之间建立了相关性。最后一步为配制稳定的液体石蜡液滴提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Liquid-liquid two phase-system stabilized by tween 40 and 80 surfactants: multiparametric study","authors":"Halina Murasiewicz, Khrystyna Illienko","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of process parameters such as interfacial tension, type of surfactants, and their concentration on simple oil-in-water dispersion. Explored systems were prepared with 5% liquid paraffin oil and aqueous phase with emulsifiers Tween 40 of concentrations from 0.008325 mM to 0.025 mM and Tween 80 with concentrations ranging from 0.00375 mM to 0.011 mM. All systems were characterized in terms of their density and interfacial tension. In the next step analysis of droplet size distributions and mean droplet diameter was performed. The results showed that the size of paraffin droplets decreased as the concentration of surfactants grew. This trend is accompanied by decrease in the interfacial tension between phases. The correlation between mean drop size and the energy input and physical properties of both liquids was developed. The last step provides scientific evidence for the formulation of stable droplets of liquid paraffin.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure and size of droplets of the inner phase of a multiple emulsion and rheological properties of the produced multiple emulsion are presented in this paper. The multiple emulsion was produced in a stirred vessel equipped with four baffles. In the study, two different stirrers: turbine impeller and Rushton turbine impeller were used. The liquids used in the produced multiple emulsion were: distilled water and refined sunflower oil. 8 g and 16 g lecithin from soya beans were used as an emulsifier. The preparation time was respectively 15 min. and 45 min. The structure of the obtained emulsions is presented in the form of photos taken with the diagnostic inverted microscope. The results size of droplets were presented in the form of graphics as a distribution of drops. The rheological properties of the multiple emulsion were presented graphically and it was described using the rheological model.
{"title":"Evaluation of drops dimensions and rheological properties in production of multiple emulsion in a vessel","authors":"Marta Major-Godlewska","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and size of droplets of the inner phase of a multiple emulsion and rheological properties of the produced multiple emulsion are presented in this paper. The multiple emulsion was produced in a stirred vessel equipped with four baffles. In the study, two different stirrers: turbine impeller and Rushton turbine impeller were used. The liquids used in the produced multiple emulsion were: distilled water and refined sunflower oil. 8 g and 16 g lecithin from soya beans were used as an emulsifier. The preparation time was respectively 15 min. and 45 min. The structure of the obtained emulsions is presented in the form of photos taken with the diagnostic inverted microscope. The results size of droplets were presented in the form of graphics as a distribution of drops. The rheological properties of the multiple emulsion were presented graphically and it was described using the rheological model.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah A. Jasim, Ammar Ayesh, A. Kadhim, Oday I. Abdullah
This research paper focuses on enhancing the surface characteristics of the 316 stainless steel (SS316) alloy, including roughness, microhardness, and corrosion resistance. Where the application of ND-YAG laser technology, a highly relevant and timely area, was investigated deeply. The Q-switching Nd: YAG Laser was used with varying laser energy levels within the context of the laser shock peening (LSP) technique. The corrosion resistance of the 316 ss alloy is evaluated in a corrosive environment of 500 mL of saliva (with a pH of 5.6) through electrochemical corrosion testing. Corrosion rate was determined based on the analysis of polarization curves. The outcomes of this research reveal that as the laser energy was increased, there was a noticeable enhancement in the mechanical properties of the 316 ss alloy’s surface. Importantly, the corrosion rate experiences a significant reduction, decreasing from 4.94 mm/yr to 3.59 mm/yr following laser shock peening (LSP) application.
{"title":"Enhancement of the corrosion resistance for stainless steel 316 by applying laser shock peening","authors":"Sarah A. Jasim, Ammar Ayesh, A. Kadhim, Oday I. Abdullah","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper focuses on enhancing the surface characteristics of the 316 stainless steel (SS316) alloy, including roughness, microhardness, and corrosion resistance. Where the application of ND-YAG laser technology, a highly relevant and timely area, was investigated deeply. The Q-switching Nd: YAG Laser was used with varying laser energy levels within the context of the laser shock peening (LSP) technique. The corrosion resistance of the 316 ss alloy is evaluated in a corrosive environment of 500 mL of saliva (with a pH of 5.6) through electrochemical corrosion testing. Corrosion rate was determined based on the analysis of polarization curves. The outcomes of this research reveal that as the laser energy was increased, there was a noticeable enhancement in the mechanical properties of the 316 ss alloy’s surface. Importantly, the corrosion rate experiences a significant reduction, decreasing from 4.94 mm/yr to 3.59 mm/yr following laser shock peening (LSP) application.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minh-Trung Le, Duc-Phuong Vu, Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Xuan-Tien Le
This study used fractional distillation to separate citronellal and geraniol from citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oil to improve their market value. The one-factor-at-a-time methodology investigated operating parameters’ optimum conditions and effects, including system pressure, packing types, and column height. All investigations were evaluated based on their main fraction’s citronellal and geraniol content and recovery. Regarding the effect of the variables, a higher system pressure improved the separation while increasing the temperature range of each fraction and distillation time. The packing types would also improve the separation by providing a large surface area. Finally, the column height also positively impacted the separation. In the optimum citronella oil fractionation, citronellal content experienced a 2.5-fold increase, from 37.68% to 94.33%. Geraniol purity reached 40.61% from an initial content of 17.33% in the raw CW oil. The distillation could recover up to 90.00% of citronellal and 68.18% of geraniol.
{"title":"Isolation of citronellal and geraniol from citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) oil by vacuum fractional distillation: Effect of operating conditions on the separation","authors":"Minh-Trung Le, Duc-Phuong Vu, Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Xuan-Tien Le","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"This study used fractional distillation to separate citronellal and geraniol from citronella (<jats:italic>Cymbopogon winterianus</jats:italic>) essential oil to improve their market value. The one-factor-at-a-time methodology investigated operating parameters’ optimum conditions and effects, including system pressure, packing types, and column height. All investigations were evaluated based on their main fraction’s citronellal and geraniol content and recovery. Regarding the effect of the variables, a higher system pressure improved the separation while increasing the temperature range of each fraction and distillation time. The packing types would also improve the separation by providing a large surface area. Finally, the column height also positively impacted the separation. In the optimum citronella oil fractionation, citronellal content experienced a 2.5-fold increase, from 37.68% to 94.33%. Geraniol purity reached 40.61% from an initial content of 17.33% in the raw CW oil. The distillation could recover up to 90.00% of citronellal and 68.18% of geraniol.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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