Postharvest Biology and Technology最新文献

Flower senescence: A comprehensive update on hormonal regulation and molecular aspects of petal death 花朵衰老：花瓣死亡的激素调节和分子方面的全面更新

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113299

Mohammad Lateef Lone, Aehsan ul Haq, Sumira Farooq, Shazia Parveen, Foziya Altaf, Inayatullah Tahir

Senescence marks the final phase in the ontogeny of flower development, characterized by a cascade of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that lead to cellular degradation and subsequent death of petal tissues. This process, widely regarded as a developmental form of programmed cell death (PCD), parallels apoptosis, involving a succession of metabolic shifts, ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the breakdown of essential cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. The crosstalk of various plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), and cytokinins (CK) during floral senescence are well-established. However, a comprehensive understanding of flower senescence at the molecular level is anticipated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. While the role of ethylene is well-documented in ethylene-sensitive flower senescence, less is known about its role—or lack thereof—in ethylene-insensitive flowers, where hormones like ABA regulate this process. Several genes, transcription factors, and enzymes associated with ethylene- and ABA-mediated senescence have been identified. Interestingly, the targeted genetic manipulation of these components has potentially delayed flower senescence and extended flower longevity. Despite significant advances in understanding flower senescence, comprehensive studies on ethylene-sensitive and ethylene-insensitive species remain limited. In this context, the current review offers a detailed understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms orchestrating flower senescence. Besides, it emphasizes the intricate crosstalk among PGRs and other cellular processes that converge to initiate senescence and PCD in flowers. The review also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to further elucidate these mechanisms and proposes future research directions to advance the field. These insights are expected to facilitate the development of predictive models for PCD and senescence across various plant families and to propose novel strategies for enhancing the postharvest quality and longevity of cut flowers.

衰老是花朵发育本体的最后阶段，其特征是一连串的生理、生化和分子变化，导致细胞降解和随后的花瓣组织死亡。这一过程被广泛认为是细胞程序性死亡（PCD）的一种发育形式，与细胞凋亡相似，涉及一系列代谢转变、ROS 积累、脂质过氧化以及蛋白质、核酸和碳水化合物等重要细胞成分的分解。在花衰老过程中，乙烯、脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA）和细胞分裂素（CK）等各种植物生长调节剂（PGRs）之间的相互影响已得到证实。然而，要阐明花衰老的内在机制，还需要在分子水平上对花衰老有一个全面的了解。乙烯在对乙烯敏感的花朵衰老过程中的作用已得到充分证实，但对乙烯不敏感的花朵衰老过程中乙烯的作用（或缺乏乙烯的作用）却知之甚少。与乙烯和 ABA 介导的衰老相关的一些基因、转录因子和酶已被确定。有趣的是，对这些成分进行有针对性的遗传操作可能会延缓花的衰老并延长花的寿命。尽管在了解花的衰老方面取得了重大进展，但对乙烯敏感和乙烯不敏感物种的全面研究仍然有限。在此背景下，本综述详细介绍了花卉衰老的生理、生化和分子机制。此外，综述还强调了 PGRs 和其他细胞过程之间错综复杂的相互影响，这些过程共同启动了花卉的衰老和 PCD。综述还强调了跨学科方法对进一步阐明这些机制的重要性，并提出了推进该领域发展的未来研究方向。这些见解有望促进各植物科中 PCD 和衰老预测模型的开发，并为提高鲜切花采后质量和寿命提出新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Phenylpropanoid pathway mediated the defense response of ‘Korla’ fragrant pear against Alternaria alternata infection 苯丙酮途径介导了 "Korla "香梨对交替孢霉感染的防御反应

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113318

Tongrui Sun , Wanting Yang , Weida Zhang , Yuxing Liu , Lingling Li , Shaobo Cheng , Guogang Chen

Alternaria alternata has been found to be the dominating pathogenic fungus of harvested ‘Korla’ fragrant pear, and the resulting blackhead disease is a significant factor affecting the storage quality of pears. The present study explored the specific mechanisms by which the phenylpropanoid pathway mediates the defense response to A. alternata infection in pear fruit. In the A. alternata-inoculated group, the fruit exhibited increased activity and gene expression levels of key enzymes (PAL, C4H, and 4CL) as well as higher content of phenolic acids (trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid) and total phenol in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. In the mid-to-late storage period, the activity and gene expression levels of key enzymes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway (CCR and CAD) were suppressed, and the content of lignin monomers (sinapyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and p-coumaryl alcohol) and lignin was reduced. Notably, the activity and gene expression levels of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway-related enzymes (CHS and CHI) as well as the content of various flavonoids (naringenin, apigenin, rutin, quercetin, and epicatechin) and total flavonoids continuously increased in response to A. alternata infection in the early to middle stages of storage but declined in the late storage period. In summary, the initial infection of A. alternata infection activated the stress response of pear fruit, particularly the phenylpropanoid–flavonoid branch pathway, to enhance the fruit’s defense against pathogens, but with the prolongation of the infestation time, the fruit could not continuously resist the invasion of pathogens, ultimately leading to the outbreak of disease. The present findings furnish a theoretical foundation further elucidating the interaction between ‘Korla’ fragrant pear and A. alternata and for developing an effective strategy to control the blackhead disease.

研究发现，交替丝核菌是采收的 "Korla "香梨的主要致病真菌，由此导致的黑头病是影响梨贮藏质量的一个重要因素。本研究探讨了苯丙氨酸途径介导梨果对交替花叶病毒感染的防御反应的具体机制。在交替穗霉感染组，果实中关键酶（PAL、C4H 和 4CL）的活性和基因表达水平都有所提高，酚酸（反式肉桂酸、阿魏酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸和山奈酸）和总酚在一般苯丙氨酸途径中的含量也有所提高。在贮藏中后期，木质素生物合成途径中关键酶（CCR 和 CAD）的活性和基因表达水平受到抑制，木质素单体（山奈醇、针叶醇和对香豆醇）和木质素的含量降低。值得注意的是，黄酮类生物合成途径相关酶（CHS和CHI）的活性和基因表达水平以及各种黄酮类化合物（柚皮苷、芹菜素、芦丁、槲皮素和表儿茶素）和总黄酮类化合物的含量在贮藏早期和中期受交替穗霉感染后持续上升，但在贮藏后期有所下降。综上所述，交替孢霉感染初期激活了梨果的应激反应，尤其是苯丙酮-类黄酮分支途径，增强了果实对病原菌的防御能力，但随着侵染时间的延长，果实无法持续抵御病原菌的入侵，最终导致病害的爆发。本研究结果为进一步阐明'Korla'香梨与交替花叶病毒之间的相互作用以及制定有效的黑头病控制策略奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen sulfide enhances the disease resistance of ginger to rhizome rot during postharvest storage through modulation of antioxidant response and nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylaion 硫化氢通过调节抗氧化反应和一氧化氮介导的 S-亚硝基离子，增强生姜在收获后贮藏期间对根茎腐烂病的抗病性

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113321

Lingling Zhang , Xiuqiao Wu , Yue Zhong , Ying Yang , Shouhui Wei , Chong Sun , Lijuan Wei , Yiqing Liu

Postharvest pathogenic infestation leads to the quality deterioration in ginger industry. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), as an emerging potential postharvest protectant, could enhance disease resistance. This study investigated the antifungal role of H₂S against Fusarium solani during ginger postharvest storage. The results showed that H₂S restricted widespread infection by F. solani in gingers and have direct antimicrobial activity against F. solani in vitro, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination. H₂S improved endogenous H₂S accumulation, increased the activities of POD, CAT and SOD, and facilitated the removal of excess ROS. It also promoted the lignin, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, while boosting the activities of PAL, C4H and 4CL, and up-regulating the expression of ZoPAL, ZoC4H and Zo4CL. Moreover, H₂S increased endogenous NO levels through the NR and NOS pathways. Notably, the endogenous SNO content was increased, the GSNOR activity as well as expression of GSNOR were down-regulated by H₂S treatment. These effects were reversed by hypotaurine (HT), a scavenger of H₂S. Together, these results indicated that H₂S induces the disease resistance in postharvest ginger storage via enhancing antioxidant and defense capacity, regulating phenylpropane metabolism, inducing NO production and mediating NO-dependent S-nitrosylation modification. These results provide guidance for the application of H₂S during the storage of ginger.

收获后的病原体侵染导致生姜产业的质量下降。硫化氢（H2S）作为一种新兴的潜在采后保护剂，可以增强抗病性。本研究调查了 H2S 在生姜采后贮藏期间对禾谷镰刀菌的抗真菌作用。结果表明，H2S 限制了 F. solani 在生姜中的广泛感染，并在体外对 F. solani 具有直接抗菌活性，抑制菌丝生长和孢子萌发。H2S 改善了内源性 H2S 积累，提高了 POD、CAT 和 SOD 的活性，促进了过量 ROS 的清除。它还能提高木质素、总酚和类黄酮的含量，同时提高 PAL、C4H 和 4CL 的活性，并上调 ZoPAL、ZoC4H 和 Zo4CL 的表达。此外，H2S 还通过 NR 和 NOS 途径提高了内源性 NO 的水平。值得注意的是，H2S 处理增加了内源性 SNO 的含量，下调了 GSNOR 的活性和表达。H2S的清除剂低牛磺酸（HT）可逆转这些影响。这些结果表明，H2S 通过增强抗氧化和防御能力、调节苯丙氨酸代谢、诱导 NO 生成和介导 NO 依赖的 S-亚硝基化修饰，诱导收获后生姜贮藏过程中的抗病性。这些结果为在生姜贮藏过程中应用 H2S 提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Gypenoside GP5 effectively controls Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an anthracnose fungus, by activating autophagy Gypenoside GP5 通过激活自噬作用有效控制炭疽病真菌球孢子菌

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113305

Yujie Liu , Xinyv Li , Chu Gong , Yonghong Cao , Jun Wang , Min Han , Jun-Li Yang

Anthracnose is a plant disease caused by Colletotrichum spp., known for its widespread infectivity and extreme destructiveness. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a representative pathogen of anthracnose in China. Gypenosides GP4-GP7, derived from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, could significantly inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides mycelial, with EC₅₀ values of 96.98, 27.5, 38.48, and 61.59 mg L⁻¹. The inhibitory effect of these compounds surpassed the commonly used chemical pesticide chlorothalonant and plant-derived pesticide matrine. Among them, the most active compound GP5 also showed a significant inhibitory effect on spore germination and bud tube elongation of C. gloeosporioides. In addition, GP5 could effectively suppress the spread of anthracnose spots in postharvest fruit. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that GP5 primarily exerted its antifungal function by activating cellular autophagy. Additionally, proteomics analysis revealed that GP5 had an antifungal effect against C. gloeosporioides by enhancing cellular autophagy through upregulation of the expression of the autophagy-related protein Atg8. This study presents a novel approach for the control and management of anthracnose in C. gloeosporioides. Consequently, GP5 has the potential to be developed as a plant-derived fungicide for the biological control of anthracnose.

炭疽病是由 Colletotrichum spp.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 是中国炭疽病的代表性病原菌。从牧野绞股蓝（Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino）中提取的绞股蓝苷 GP4-GP7 能显著抑制球孢子菌菌丝的生长，其 EC50 值分别为 96.98、27.5、38.48 和 61.59 mg L-1。这些化合物的抑制效果超过了常用的化学农药百菌清和植物源农药灭幼脲。其中，活性最强的化合物 GP5 对球孢子虫的孢子萌发和芽管伸长也有显著的抑制作用。此外，GP5 还能有效抑制采后水果炭疽病斑的扩散。透射电子显微镜和荧光显微镜表明，GP5 主要通过激活细胞自噬来发挥其抗真菌功能。此外，蛋白质组学分析表明，GP5 通过上调自噬相关蛋白 Atg8 的表达来增强细胞自噬，从而对球孢子菌产生抗真菌作用。这项研究为控制和管理球孢子菌炭疽病提供了一种新方法。因此，GP5 有可能被开发为植物源杀菌剂，用于炭疽病的生物防治。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic map reveals the molecular mechanism of persimmon fruit deastringency upon 40 °C warm water treatment 全面的转录组和代谢组图谱揭示了柿子果实经 40 °C 温水处理后脱涩的分子机制

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113313

Yu Ding , Xiaoxia Shen , Yuduan Ding , Pingxian Zhang , Qinggang Zhu , Yanbo Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Zhengrong Luo , Yong Yang , Xiaoyun Du , Changfei Guan

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is a widely cultivated fruit crop. Predominantly, its pollination-constant astringent (PCA) cultivars that accumulate proanthocyanidins (PAs) during maturation, resulting in an astringent taste. In this study, twenty PCA-type cultivars were subjected to warm water treatment at five time points (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 h). It revealed that astringency removal can be achieved in 19 cultivars, and 11 varies complete astringency removal within 16 h. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of deastringency, the cultivar of ‘Zheng 20’ persimmon fruit treated with 40 °C water was investigated, using a combined metabolomics and transcriptomics approach. A total of 48,937 high-quality unigenes were obtained through full-length RNA sequencing and functional annotation. Subsequently, transcriptome and metabolomic changes in persimmon fruit in response to warm water deastringency were analysis. Pathways associated with acetaldehyde metabolism, pectin synthesis and PA synthesis were identified. An interaction was observed between DkbZIP17 and DkWRKY3, which showed up-regulated gene expression in persimmon treated with warm water. Additionally, the overexpression of the DkbZIP17 and DkWRKY3 genes could promote soluble PA coagulation, and upregulate the acetaldehyde-related DkADH, DkPDC and DkPK genes in ‘Mopanshi’ persimmon leaves in vivo. Interestingly, simultaneous expression of DkbZIP17 and DkWRKY3 in persimmon leaves produced a synergistic effect that was more effective than the overexpression of a single gene. Overall, our results suggest that the DkbZIP17 and DkWRKY3 genes are involved in deastringency in persimmon fruit treated by 40 °C water via enhancement of acetaldehyde metabolism.

柿子（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）是一种广泛栽培的水果作物。主要是其授粉恒定收敛（PCA）栽培品种在成熟过程中会积累原花青素（PA），从而产生涩味。本研究对 20 个 PCA 型栽培品种在五个时间点（0、8、16、24 和 32 小时）进行了温水处理。结果表明，19 个栽培品种的涩味可以消除，其中 11 个品种在 16 小时内完全消除了涩味。为阐明脱涩的内在机理，研究人员采用代谢组学和转录组学相结合的方法，对用 40 °C 水处理的 "郑 20 "柿果进行了研究。通过全长 RNA 测序和功能注释，共获得了 48,937 个高质量的单基因。随后，分析了柿子果实对温水脱涩反应的转录组和代谢组变化。确定了与乙醛代谢、果胶合成和 PA 合成相关的途径。观察到 DkbZIP17 和 DkWRKY3 之间存在相互作用，在温水处理的柿子中基因表达上调。此外，DkbZIP17 和 DkWRKY3 基因的过表达可促进可溶性 PA 的凝结，并上调 "磨盘石 "柿叶中与乙醛相关的 DkADH、DkPDC 和 DkPK 基因。有趣的是，在柿子叶片中同时表达 DkbZIP17 和 DkWRKY3 会产生协同效应，比单一基因的过度表达更有效。总之，我们的研究结果表明，DkbZIP17 和 DkWRKY3 基因通过增强乙醛代谢参与了柿子果实经 40 °C 水处理后的脱涩过程。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics analysis of cold-induced lenticel disorder via the lignin pathway upon postharvest ‘Xinli No.7’ pear fruit 转录组学与代谢组学结合分析采后 "新梨 7 号 "梨果木质素通路冷诱导的皮孔紊乱

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113315

Ranran Xu , Jiahua Zhou , Lizhi Deng , Shuaiqi Zhang , John B. Golding , Baogang Wang

Pear fruit often suffer severe lenticel disorder in the peel during cold storage, affecting their appearance and commercial value. Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder cv. Xinli No.7) fruit were treated with ethylene or 1-methylcyclopropene and stored at 0 °C for 28 weeks (air treatment was used as a control). Observations revealed that the lenticels expanded and protruded, resulting rougher pear surface during storage. Furthermore, the occurrence of lenticel disorder was closely related to the lignin biosynthesis. Results from RNA-seq and weighted gene co-correlation network analysis showed a positive relationship among gene expression of lignin biosynthesis, plant hormone transduction, and the occurrence pattern of lenticel disorder. The results showed an increase in lignin biosynthesis through the upregulation of transcription factors and genes involved in the transduction of plant hormones, including ethylene and jasmonic acid. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of lenticle disorder in ‘Xinli No.7’ pears under cold stress, and offer a theoretical basis for the maintenance of fruit quality during storage.

梨果在冷藏过程中果皮经常会出现严重的皮孔紊乱，影响其外观和商业价值。用乙烯或 1-甲基环丙烯处理梨（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder cv. Xinli No.7）果实，在 0 °C 下贮藏 28 周（空气处理作为对照）。观察结果表明，皮孔扩大并突出，导致梨在贮藏过程中表面更粗糙。此外，皮孔紊乱的发生与木质素的生物合成密切相关。RNA-seq和加权基因共相关网络分析结果表明，木质素生物合成、植物激素转导和皮孔紊乱发生模式的基因表达之间存在正相关关系。结果表明，木质素生物合成的增加是通过转录因子和参与乙烯、茉莉酸等植物激素转导的基因上调实现的。这些结果为了解冷胁迫下'新梨 7 号'梨果皮层紊乱的机理提供了新的视角，并为贮藏期间果实品质的保持提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the role of MeJA in improving postharvest disease resistance and maintaining the quality of Rosa roxburghii fruit 代谢组和转录组比较分析揭示了 MeJA 在提高罗布麻果实采后抗病性和保持其品质方面的作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113314

Juan Ma , Shuang Liu , Jing Zeng , Yiwen Zhang , Wei Chang , Zhengkun Meng , Yujia Zhou , Wene Zhang , Xiaochun Ding , Xuejun Pan , Xuewu Duan

Rosa roxburghii has a short and concentrated harvest period, during which rapid decay and quality deterioration at room temperature pose significant challenges to the supply chain. To address this, we applied methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and stored the fruit at low temperatures. MeJA treatment effectively reduced decay, maintained fruit firmness and brightness, suppressed respiration, and decreased malondialdehyde content. Further analysis revealed that MeJA reduced hydrogen peroxide levels by boosting the activities and gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Additionally, MeJA upregulated the expression of disease resistance-related genes (RrRGA3, RrPPO, RrCHIT, RrPRB1, and RrRPM1). It also stimulated genes involved in the AsA synthesis and AsA-GSH cycle (RrMIXO, RrAKRC9, RrDHAR, and RrGPX), thereby increasing AsA content. Moreover, MeJA promoted the activities (PAL, C4H, and 4CL) and gene expressions (RrPAL, Rr4CL, RrCSE, RrCCR, RrPGT, RrHCT, RrDFR and RrERF114) of phenylpropane metabolism, resulting in increased levels of L-phenylalanine, caffeic acid, phlorizin, and other phenolic acids and lignin content. Furthermore, MeJA induced the expression of genes related to JA biosynthesis (RrAOC, RrOPR, and RrACX), and abscisic acid synthesis (RrNCED). In conclusion, these findings suggest that MeJA treatment enhances disease resistance and preserves the postharvest quality of R. roxburghii, making it a promising preservation method for large-scale commercial application in fruit storage.

Rosa roxburghii 的收获期短且集中，在此期间，常温下的快速腐烂和质量下降给供应链带来了巨大挑战。为解决这一问题，我们使用茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理果实，并将其低温贮藏。MeJA 处理可有效减少腐烂，保持果实硬度和亮度，抑制呼吸作用，降低丙二醛含量。进一步的分析表明，MeJA 通过提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性和基因表达，降低了过氧化氢的水平。此外，MeJA 还能上调抗病相关基因（RrRGA3、RrPPO、RrCHIT、RrPRB1 和 RrRPM1）的表达。它还刺激了参与 AsA 合成和 AsA-GSH 循环的基因（RrMIXO、RrAKRC9、RrDHAR 和 RrGPX），从而增加了 AsA 的含量。此外，MeJA 还能促进苯丙氨酸代谢的活性（PAL、C4H 和 4CL）和基因表达（RrPAL、Rr4CL、RrCSE、RrCCR、RrPGT、RrHCT、RrDFR 和 RrERF114），从而增加 L-苯丙氨酸、咖啡酸、氯嗪等酚酸的含量和木质素含量。此外，MeJA 还诱导了与 JA 生物合成（RrAOC、RrOPR 和 RrACX）和脱落酸合成（RrNCED）有关的基因的表达。总之，这些研究结果表明，MeJA 处理可增强罗布麻的抗病性并保持其采后品质，因此是一种很有希望在果实贮藏中大规模商业应用的保鲜方法。

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引用次数: 0

Electron-beam generated X-ray irradiation treatment alleviates fruit-body softening of harvested Hericium erinaceus by regulating metabolisms of membrane lipid and cell wall 电子束产生的 X 射线辐照处理通过调节膜脂和细胞壁的新陈代谢，缓解采收的银耳的果体软化现象

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113317

Yuanyuan Zhong , Yuan Cui , Jiangtao Yu , Junqing Bai , Huaide Xu , Mei Li

Fresh Hericium erinaceus is susceptible to softening after harvest, 1.0 kGy electron-beam generated X-ray (EBGX) irradiation could alleviate this phenomenon. To clarify the possible mechanism of EBGX regulated the softening of H. erinaceus, we explored its effects on membrane lipid and cell wall metabolism. Results showed that 1.0 kGy irradiation enhanced cell membrane stability, as evidenced by higher levels of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (U/S), whereas lower levels of ROS, lipoxygenase, phospholipase D, and lipase activities compared to the control. More importantly, 1.0 kGy-treated samples exhibited a minimum of chitinase (4.12 U mg⁻¹), cellulase (16.34 U mg⁻¹), β-glucanase (13.28 U mg⁻¹), and PAL (10.17 U mg⁻¹) activities at 9d, but retained higher chitin, cellulose, β-glucan, and lignin contents, thus suppressed the disassembly of cell wall structure. Utilizing comparative transcriptomic data, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and lipid degradation metabolism were related to softening in H. erinaceus with control or irradiation treatments. Additionally, the relative abundance of DEGs-related transcripts like HeLOX, HePLD, HeLPS, HeCHI, HeCEL, HeGLU1, HeGLU2, and HePAL were prominently downregulated in the irradiation treatment. Overall, 1.0 kGy EBGX irradiation could retard the postharvest softening process of H. erinaceus by regulating the gene expression of membrane lipids and cell wall metabolic pathways.

新鲜的茎叶在收获后容易软化，1.0 kGy电子束产生的X射线（EBGX）辐照可以缓解这一现象。为了弄清 EBGX 调节 H. erinaceus 软化的可能机制，我们探讨了其对膜脂和细胞壁代谢的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，1.0 kGy辐照增强了细胞膜的稳定性，表现为磷脂酸、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇和不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸之比（U/S）水平升高，而ROS、脂氧合酶、磷脂酶D和脂肪酶活性水平降低。更重要的是，经 1.0 kGy 处理的样品在 9 d 时的几丁质酶（4.12 U mg-1）、纤维素酶（16.34 U mg-1）、β-葡聚糖酶（13.28 U mg-1）和 PAL（10.17 U mg-1）活性最低，但几丁质、纤维素、β-葡聚糖和木质素含量仍较高，从而抑制了细胞壁结构的分解。通过比较转录组数据，发现淀粉和蔗糖代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢以及脂质降解代谢中的差异表达基因（DEGs）与对照或辐照处理下的麦角菌软化有关。此外，与 DEGs 相关的转录本（如 HeLOX、HePLD、HeLPS、HeCHI、HeCEL、HeGLU1、HeGLU2 和 HePAL）的相对丰度在辐照处理中显著下调。总之，1.0 kGy EBGX辐照可通过调控膜脂和细胞壁代谢途径的基因表达，延缓芹菜收获后的软化过程。

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引用次数: 0

Methyl jasmonate attenuates chilling injury of prune fruit by maintaining ROS homeostasis and regulating GABA metabolism and energy status 茉莉酸甲酯通过维持 ROS 平衡、调节 GABA 代谢和能量状态减轻西梅果实的冷冻损伤

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113303

Yating Zhao , Yingjie Wu , Xuan Zhang , Xuan Zhu , Yuanyuan Hou , Jianye Chen , Kuanbo Cui , Xuewen Li , Wenxin Wu

Cold storage is an important means to prolong the storage life of postharvest fruits. However, prunes are prone to chilling injury (CI) at low temperatures, which in turn reduces their marketability. In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) effectively inhibited the occurrence of CI, and reduced internal browning index and electrolyte leakage of prune fruit under low temperature (1 ± 1 °C), with the most significant inhibitory effect observed at the concentration of 10 μM. Also, MeJA alleviated the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) and the expression level of their coding genes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial structure of prune fruit. Moreover, MeJA maintained higher content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through stimulating glutamate decarboxylase activity and retained higher energy levels by promoting the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, H⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase, GABA transaminase, and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and expression level of the corresponding gene of prune fruit. Our findings not only shed light on the inhibitory effect of MeJA on CI of prune fruit from the perspective of reducing ROS-induced oxidative damage to maintain mitochondrial structure, activating GABA shunt, and maintaining energy supply but also provide means of alleviating CI of prune fruit during postharvest storage.

冷藏是延长采后水果贮藏寿命的重要手段。然而，西梅在低温条件下很容易发生冷害（CI），进而降低其适销性。在这项研究中，茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）可有效抑制低温（1 ± 1 °C）条件下西梅果实冷害的发生，降低内部褐变指数和电解质渗漏，其中 10 μM 浓度的抑制作用最为显著。同时，MeJA 通过促进抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）的活性及其编码基因的表达水平，缓解了活性氧（ROS）的过度产生，从而保持了西梅果实线粒体结构的完整性。此外，MeJA 还通过刺激谷氨酸脱羧酶的活性来维持较高的γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量，并通过促进琥珀酸脱氢酶、细胞色素 C 氧化酶、H+-ATP 酶、Ca2+-ATP 酶、GABA 转氨酶和琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶的活性及相应基因的表达水平来维持较高的能量水平。我们的研究结果不仅从减少 ROS 诱导的氧化损伤以维持线粒体结构、激活 GABA 分流和维持能量供应的角度阐明了 MeJA 对西梅果实 CI 的抑制作用，还为缓解西梅果实在采后贮藏期间的 CI 提供了方法。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing aflatoxin B1 detection in peanut kernels through deep modular combination optimization algorithm: A deep learning approach to quality evaluation of postharvest nuts 通过深度模块组合优化算法优化花生仁中黄曲霉毒素 B1 的检测：收获后坚果质量评估的深度学习方法

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113293

Zhen Guo , Haifang Wang , Haowei Dong , Lianming Xia , Ibrahim A. Darwish , Yemin Guo , Xia Sun

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is considered one of the most potent natural carcinogens. Quantitative detection of AFB₁ is essential for quality evaluation of postharvest nuts. In this study, a deep modular combination optimization (DMCO) algorithm was proposed to detect the content of AFB₁ in peanut kernels contaminated with Aspergillus flavus. The DMCO algorithm constituted a groundbreaking approach in the realm of deep learning for hyperspectral imaging analysis which meticulously selected and modularized existing deep learning models. It was characterized by the flexibility of combining these modules in serial configurations, parallel configurations or more complex configurations. This innovative architecture facilitated the capture of complex features, leading to improved predictive performance over single-module models. A performance-based selection mechanism was included in DMCO algorithm, which determined the most effective model architectures from a multitude of permutations. The optimal module combination reached a coefficient of determination for validation of 0.879, with root mean square error for validation and mean absolute error for validation recorded at 1.269 and 0.945, respectively. The DMCO algorithm successfully leverages deep learning to enhance the accuracy of AFB₁ detection in peanut kernels, showing its potential as a powerful tool to assess safety and quality for postharvest nuts.

黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1) 被认为是最有效的天然致癌物质之一。定量检测 AFB1 对收获后坚果的质量评估至关重要。本研究提出了一种深度模块组合优化（DMCO）算法，用于检测受黄曲霉菌污染的花生仁中的 AFB1 含量。DMCO 算法是深度学习领域用于高光谱成像分析的一种开创性方法，它对现有的深度学习模型进行了精心挑选和模块化。其特点是可以灵活地将这些模块组合成串行配置、并行配置或更复杂的配置。这种创新的架构有助于捕捉复杂的特征，从而比单模块模型提高预测性能。DMCO 算法中包含一种基于性能的选择机制，可从多种排列组合中确定最有效的模型架构。最佳模块组合的验证决定系数为 0.879，验证均方根误差和验证平均绝对误差分别为 1.269 和 0.945。DMCO 算法成功地利用了深度学习来提高花生仁中 AFB1 检测的准确性，显示出其作为评估收获后坚果安全和质量的强大工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0