Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1177/20412479231226166
Cameron Dingley, Peter Cass, Benu Adhikari, F. Daver
To meet global food demand, reduce waste, and minimise environmental impact, the agricultural sector must improve its current practices on soil amendment, fertiliser encapsulation, and seed and crop protection. Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are a class of polymeric materials that can absorb and retain large quantities of liquids/aqueous solutions compared to their own mass. Typically, SAPs are cross-linked to form three-dimensional hydrophilic networks, commonly known as hydrogels. Although SAPs can be synthesised from both synthetic and naturally sourced materials, for agricultural applications they are generally composed of synthetic polymers, due to their advantageous properties. These include higher water absorption rate and capacity, low cost, availability, durability, and mechanical performance. However, many of these systems utilise polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) monomers which may have toxic effects on the nervous and respiratory systems of humans and animals. To ensure sustainable agricultural practices and maintain healthy long-term crop output, synthetic SAP usage must be greatly reduced. This review article aims to investigate alternative natural SAPs for agriculture and critically rationalise their adoption into the industry. Specific applications investigated include (i) soil amendment, (ii) fertiliser encapsulation, (iii) seed coating, and (iv) crop protection.
为了满足全球粮食需求、减少浪费并将对环境的影响降至最低，农业部门必须改进目前在土壤改良、肥料封装以及种子和作物保护方面的做法。超强吸水聚合物（SAP）是一类聚合物材料，与自身质量相比，它能吸收和保留大量液体/水溶液。通常情况下，SAP 通过交联形成三维亲水网络，即通常所说的水凝胶。虽然 SAP 既可以用合成材料合成，也可以用天然材料合成，但在农业应用中，由于 SAP 的优势特性，通常由合成聚合物组成。这些优点包括吸水率和吸水能力高、成本低、可用性、耐用性和机械性能。然而，许多此类系统使用的聚丙烯酸（PAA）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）单体可能会对人类和动物的神经和呼吸系统产生毒性影响。为确保可持续的农业生产方式并保持作物的长期健康产量，必须大幅减少合成 SAP 的用量。这篇综述文章旨在研究用于农业的天然 SAP 替代品，并对其在行业中的应用进行批判性合理化分析。调查的具体应用包括：（i）土壤改良；（ii）肥料封装；（iii）种子包衣；以及（iv）作物保护。
{"title":"Application of superabsorbent natural polymers in agriculture","authors":"Cameron Dingley, Peter Cass, Benu Adhikari, F. Daver","doi":"10.1177/20412479231226166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231226166","url":null,"abstract":"To meet global food demand, reduce waste, and minimise environmental impact, the agricultural sector must improve its current practices on soil amendment, fertiliser encapsulation, and seed and crop protection. Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are a class of polymeric materials that can absorb and retain large quantities of liquids/aqueous solutions compared to their own mass. Typically, SAPs are cross-linked to form three-dimensional hydrophilic networks, commonly known as hydrogels. Although SAPs can be synthesised from both synthetic and naturally sourced materials, for agricultural applications they are generally composed of synthetic polymers, due to their advantageous properties. These include higher water absorption rate and capacity, low cost, availability, durability, and mechanical performance. However, many of these systems utilise polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) monomers which may have toxic effects on the nervous and respiratory systems of humans and animals. To ensure sustainable agricultural practices and maintain healthy long-term crop output, synthetic SAP usage must be greatly reduced. This review article aims to investigate alternative natural SAPs for agriculture and critically rationalise their adoption into the industry. Specific applications investigated include (i) soil amendment, (ii) fertiliser encapsulation, (iii) seed coating, and (iv) crop protection.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1177/20412479241226884
Sweta Sinha
This comprehensive review addresses the vital environmental concerns posed by conventional petroleum-based plastics, particularly in the context of the packaging industry’s extensive reliance on these materials. As nearly 99% of plastics originate from non-renewable petrochemical sources and their non-biodegradable nature leads to widespread waste accumulation and harmful emissions upon disposal, the need for sustainable alternatives has become paramount. This paper explores the escalating environmental and health repercussions linked to traditional plastics, underscored by global initiatives, including restrictions on single-use plastics, aimed at mitigating these challenges. In response, the paper highlights the growing interest in environmental friendly biopolymers, which can be sourced from renewable biological materials or synthesized from biopolymers such as starch, casein etc. The classification of biopolymers into three primary categories; natural biopolymers, microbial fermentation-derived biopolymers, and polymerized monomers from biomass is comprehensively examined. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the pivotal role of biopolymer properties, such as barrier characteristics, mechanical strength, heat resistance, biodegradability, flexibility, food contact safety, and cost-effectiveness, in determining their suitability for packaging applications. It also stresses the importance of conducting life cycle assessment (LCA) to holistically evaluate the environmental sustainability of biopolymers. This review highlights the potential of integrating biopolymers into packaging materials as a promising avenue to reduce the adverse environmental impact of traditional plastic production. These biodegradable materials, with their diverse properties and renewability, offer a sustainable approach to mitigating plastic waste and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, further research, development, and collaborative efforts are essential to optimize biopolymer performance, reduce production costs, and facilitate broader adoption. Embracing biodegradable polymers represents a commitment to resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental preservation, fostering a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.
{"title":"An overview of biopolymer-derived packaging material","authors":"Sweta Sinha","doi":"10.1177/20412479241226884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479241226884","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review addresses the vital environmental concerns posed by conventional petroleum-based plastics, particularly in the context of the packaging industry’s extensive reliance on these materials. As nearly 99% of plastics originate from non-renewable petrochemical sources and their non-biodegradable nature leads to widespread waste accumulation and harmful emissions upon disposal, the need for sustainable alternatives has become paramount. This paper explores the escalating environmental and health repercussions linked to traditional plastics, underscored by global initiatives, including restrictions on single-use plastics, aimed at mitigating these challenges. In response, the paper highlights the growing interest in environmental friendly biopolymers, which can be sourced from renewable biological materials or synthesized from biopolymers such as starch, casein etc. The classification of biopolymers into three primary categories; natural biopolymers, microbial fermentation-derived biopolymers, and polymerized monomers from biomass is comprehensively examined. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the pivotal role of biopolymer properties, such as barrier characteristics, mechanical strength, heat resistance, biodegradability, flexibility, food contact safety, and cost-effectiveness, in determining their suitability for packaging applications. It also stresses the importance of conducting life cycle assessment (LCA) to holistically evaluate the environmental sustainability of biopolymers. This review highlights the potential of integrating biopolymers into packaging materials as a promising avenue to reduce the adverse environmental impact of traditional plastic production. These biodegradable materials, with their diverse properties and renewability, offer a sustainable approach to mitigating plastic waste and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, further research, development, and collaborative efforts are essential to optimize biopolymer performance, reduce production costs, and facilitate broader adoption. Embracing biodegradable polymers represents a commitment to resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental preservation, fostering a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1177/20412479231225710
Marwa Abou-Taleb, Hosam El-Sayed
Polypropylene (PP) has unique competitiveness with other synthetic fibers due to its suitable spinnability, availability of raw materials, and low processing cost. PP fabric exhibits excellent chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, such as a light texture, adequate tensile strength, and resistance to most chemicals. However, the absence of reactive functional groups in PP fiber, besides its high crystallinity, results in hydrophobic surface, low affinity to dyestuffs, and poor antistatic properties, which restrict its use in the clothing field. Herein, a water- and energy-saving, eco-friendly finish is proposed to render PP desired properties suitable for textile applications. The surface of PP fabric was activated using oxygen and nitrogen plasma radiations. The plasma-irradiated PP fabric was post-treated with two renewable eco-friendly proteinic biopolymers, namely gelatin and sericin, in the presence and absence of a crosslinking agent. The effects of different process conditions on the properties of the modified PP, including the duration of plasma exposure, the concentration of biopolymer, and treatment temperature were monitored. The affinity of the treated PP fabric towards anionic and cationic dyes was evaluated. The findings of this study demonstrated that the comfort attributes of the plasma/biopolymer-finished fabrics, such as the induced antistatic properties, wettability, and ultraviolet protection, were remarkably improved. The plasma-mediated biopolymer-finished PP fabrics were found dyeable with cationic and anionic dyes. The change in the chemical and morphological structures of PP fabrics was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
聚丙烯（PP）因其适宜的可纺性、可获得的原材料和低廉的加工成本，与其他合成纤维相比具有独特的竞争力。聚丙烯织物具有优异的化学、物理和机械性能，如质地轻盈、抗拉强度足够大、耐大多数化学品等。然而，聚丙烯纤维除了结晶度高之外，还缺乏活性官能团，因此表面疏水，对染料的亲和力低，抗静电性能差，限制了其在服装领域的应用。在此，我们提出了一种节水、节能、环保的表面处理方法，使聚丙烯具有适合纺织品应用的理想特性。使用氧和氮等离子辐射活化聚丙烯织物表面。在有交联剂和没有交联剂的情况下，用两种可再生的环保型蛋白质生物聚合物（明胶和丝胶蛋白）对等离子辐照后的聚丙烯织物进行后处理。监测了不同工艺条件对改性聚丙烯特性的影响，包括等离子体暴露时间、生物聚合物浓度和处理温度。还评估了经处理的聚丙烯织物对阴离子和阳离子染料的亲和性。研究结果表明，等离子体/生物聚合物加工织物的舒适性，如抗静电性能、润湿性和防紫外线性能，都得到了显著改善。等离子体介导的生物聚合物整理聚丙烯织物可染阳离子和阴离子染料。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱监测了聚丙烯织物化学和形态结构的变化。
{"title":"Biopolymer-loaded plasma-mediated multi-functional finishes of polypropylene fabrics","authors":"Marwa Abou-Taleb, Hosam El-Sayed","doi":"10.1177/20412479231225710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231225710","url":null,"abstract":"Polypropylene (PP) has unique competitiveness with other synthetic fibers due to its suitable spinnability, availability of raw materials, and low processing cost. PP fabric exhibits excellent chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, such as a light texture, adequate tensile strength, and resistance to most chemicals. However, the absence of reactive functional groups in PP fiber, besides its high crystallinity, results in hydrophobic surface, low affinity to dyestuffs, and poor antistatic properties, which restrict its use in the clothing field. Herein, a water- and energy-saving, eco-friendly finish is proposed to render PP desired properties suitable for textile applications. The surface of PP fabric was activated using oxygen and nitrogen plasma radiations. The plasma-irradiated PP fabric was post-treated with two renewable eco-friendly proteinic biopolymers, namely gelatin and sericin, in the presence and absence of a crosslinking agent. The effects of different process conditions on the properties of the modified PP, including the duration of plasma exposure, the concentration of biopolymer, and treatment temperature were monitored. The affinity of the treated PP fabric towards anionic and cationic dyes was evaluated. The findings of this study demonstrated that the comfort attributes of the plasma/biopolymer-finished fabrics, such as the induced antistatic properties, wettability, and ultraviolet protection, were remarkably improved. The plasma-mediated biopolymer-finished PP fabrics were found dyeable with cationic and anionic dyes. The change in the chemical and morphological structures of PP fabrics was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/20412479231212947
Lizbeth Aymara, Nora Gabriela Herrera, Hélmer Helí Lezama, N. A. Villacrés
The discharge of dyes, including methylene blue (MB), contributes to environmental pollution. Adsorption is one of the most widely used techniques for removing colorants from water, with hydrogels being the materials that have attracted the most attention due to their excellent adsorption capacity. In this work, hydrogels composed of cellulose/pectin/starch were synthesized to remove MB dissolved in water. For the characterization of the hydrogel, Fourier-Transform Infrared, Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis, XRD, and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques were applied. At pH 9, the maximum swelling capacity (326.1%) of the hydrogel and the maximum MB removal percentage (37.05%) were obtained. The Weber-Morris diffusion kinetic model indicated that other adsorption mechanisms exist in addition to the diffusion process of MB through the hydrogel pores. Temkin's model better described the adsorption process, therefore an interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface is assumed, while the MB adsorption kinetics at pH 5 followed a pseudo-first-order model; and at pH 7 and pH 9, they followed a pseudo-second-order model.
{"title":"Preparation of cellulose-based composite hydrogels for the removal of methylene blue","authors":"Lizbeth Aymara, Nora Gabriela Herrera, Hélmer Helí Lezama, N. A. Villacrés","doi":"10.1177/20412479231212947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231212947","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge of dyes, including methylene blue (MB), contributes to environmental pollution. Adsorption is one of the most widely used techniques for removing colorants from water, with hydrogels being the materials that have attracted the most attention due to their excellent adsorption capacity. In this work, hydrogels composed of cellulose/pectin/starch were synthesized to remove MB dissolved in water. For the characterization of the hydrogel, Fourier-Transform Infrared, Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis, XRD, and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques were applied. At pH 9, the maximum swelling capacity (326.1%) of the hydrogel and the maximum MB removal percentage (37.05%) were obtained. The Weber-Morris diffusion kinetic model indicated that other adsorption mechanisms exist in addition to the diffusion process of MB through the hydrogel pores. Temkin's model better described the adsorption process, therefore an interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface is assumed, while the MB adsorption kinetics at pH 5 followed a pseudo-first-order model; and at pH 7 and pH 9, they followed a pseudo-second-order model.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1177/20412479231206392
Mustafa Dağ
In this investigation, the examination revolves around the characterization of diatomite-enhanced modified safflower oil (MSO)-derived polyester biocomposites. The primary objective is to explore the feasibility of these biocomposites as a substitute for petrochemical-based unsaturated polyester (UP) materials, with the overarching goal of enhancing their economic sustainability. Experimental data analysis employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), uncovering the optimal composition for the polyester biocomposite to be 6.7 wt.% MSO and 4.5 wt.% diatomite. During the RSM analysis, it was noted that the response parameters exhibited quadratic p-values, specifically, for density ( p < .0001), thermal conductivity ( p < .0001), and Shore D hardness ( p < .0003). However, higher ratios of MSO lead to decreased hardness and increased curing time. SEM images reveal a detrimental impact on the surface morphology of the polyester biocomposite when the diatomite content reaches 8 wt.%. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) offer valuable insights into the chemical bond structure and thermal behavior of the biocomposite, respectively. The Cure Index (CI) value for the diatomite-enhanced composite was determined to be 0.925, indicating a favorable contribution to the polyester curing process. The study finds that diatomite contributes to a linear change in the thermal conductivity coefficient, making the biocomposite suitable for use in the insulation industry. Overall, the study suggests that diatomite reinforced MSO-based polyester biocomposites have the potential as an alternative to petrochemical unsaturated polyester.
{"title":"Optimization of safflower oil-based polyester biocomposite reinforced with diatomite: An response surface methodology approach and assessment of artificial neural network findings","authors":"Mustafa Dağ","doi":"10.1177/20412479231206392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231206392","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, the examination revolves around the characterization of diatomite-enhanced modified safflower oil (MSO)-derived polyester biocomposites. The primary objective is to explore the feasibility of these biocomposites as a substitute for petrochemical-based unsaturated polyester (UP) materials, with the overarching goal of enhancing their economic sustainability. Experimental data analysis employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), uncovering the optimal composition for the polyester biocomposite to be 6.7 wt.% MSO and 4.5 wt.% diatomite. During the RSM analysis, it was noted that the response parameters exhibited quadratic p-values, specifically, for density ( p < .0001), thermal conductivity ( p < .0001), and Shore D hardness ( p < .0003). However, higher ratios of MSO lead to decreased hardness and increased curing time. SEM images reveal a detrimental impact on the surface morphology of the polyester biocomposite when the diatomite content reaches 8 wt.%. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) offer valuable insights into the chemical bond structure and thermal behavior of the biocomposite, respectively. The Cure Index (CI) value for the diatomite-enhanced composite was determined to be 0.925, indicating a favorable contribution to the polyester curing process. The study finds that diatomite contributes to a linear change in the thermal conductivity coefficient, making the biocomposite suitable for use in the insulation industry. Overall, the study suggests that diatomite reinforced MSO-based polyester biocomposites have the potential as an alternative to petrochemical unsaturated polyester.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1177/20412479231206390
Yeng-Fong Shih, Ting-Yuan Ou, Zheng-Ting Chen, Chun-Wei Chang, Edwin M. Lau
Agricultural by-products have long hinder farmers, and subsequently, the food supply chain. Making use of their natural by-products will both reduce waste and increase industrial production. In particular, pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) can be extensively studied. Here, the curing kinetics of chemically modified PALF/epoxy resin crosslinked by an anhydride hardener was investigated by non-isothermal and isothermal methods with the differential scanning calorimetry technique. In this study, the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, as well as Kamal's model, were employed to analyze the curing behavior of epoxy in non-isothermal and isothermal processes, respectively. The highest activation energies for pure epoxy and PALF/epoxy composite calculated differ when using the methods. Additionally, a decreasing trend in the activation energy values during the late stages of epoxy curing was observed. The results from Kamal's model indicate that the k 1 values of the PALF/epoxy composite are only greater than those of pure epoxy at 100°C and 110°C. However, all the k 2 values of PALF/epoxy are greater than those of pure epoxy. Additionally, the m value of the PALF/epoxy composite is lower than that of pure epoxy only at 100°C, while the n and m+n values of the PALF/epoxy composite are all greater than those of pure epoxy. Moreover, the results reveal that the Cure Index of the PALF/epoxy composite was larger than ΔH* and smaller than ΔT*. With PALF, it was found that the epoxy resin’s curing rate was increased and the activation energy was reduced. Meanwhile, the degree of crosslinks was less than that of the virgin resin. It is speculated that the hydroxyl groups on the plant fibers and the amine groups on the coupling agent-modified fibers can promote the cross-linking reaction. However, the curing reaction of the composite is affected by steric obstacles and high viscosity resulting from the addition of PALFs.
{"title":"Curing kinetics study of chemically modified pineapple leaf fiber/epoxy composite","authors":"Yeng-Fong Shih, Ting-Yuan Ou, Zheng-Ting Chen, Chun-Wei Chang, Edwin M. Lau","doi":"10.1177/20412479231206390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231206390","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural by-products have long hinder farmers, and subsequently, the food supply chain. Making use of their natural by-products will both reduce waste and increase industrial production. In particular, pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) can be extensively studied. Here, the curing kinetics of chemically modified PALF/epoxy resin crosslinked by an anhydride hardener was investigated by non-isothermal and isothermal methods with the differential scanning calorimetry technique. In this study, the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, as well as Kamal's model, were employed to analyze the curing behavior of epoxy in non-isothermal and isothermal processes, respectively. The highest activation energies for pure epoxy and PALF/epoxy composite calculated differ when using the methods. Additionally, a decreasing trend in the activation energy values during the late stages of epoxy curing was observed. The results from Kamal's model indicate that the k 1 values of the PALF/epoxy composite are only greater than those of pure epoxy at 100°C and 110°C. However, all the k 2 values of PALF/epoxy are greater than those of pure epoxy. Additionally, the m value of the PALF/epoxy composite is lower than that of pure epoxy only at 100°C, while the n and m+n values of the PALF/epoxy composite are all greater than those of pure epoxy. Moreover, the results reveal that the Cure Index of the PALF/epoxy composite was larger than ΔH* and smaller than ΔT*. With PALF, it was found that the epoxy resin’s curing rate was increased and the activation energy was reduced. Meanwhile, the degree of crosslinks was less than that of the virgin resin. It is speculated that the hydroxyl groups on the plant fibers and the amine groups on the coupling agent-modified fibers can promote the cross-linking reaction. However, the curing reaction of the composite is affected by steric obstacles and high viscosity resulting from the addition of PALFs.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1177/20412479231206396
RSN Sahai, Mohammed Wasim Khan, Ankur Jadhav, Manju Sharma
Antimicrobial hybrid polymer composites are developed for application in floating solar power plants. To avoid the degradation of the floater because of microbes living in the water as well as possible biofouling, zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as an antimicrobial agent, varying the weight percent (1, 2, and 3 wt%) within the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix, along with carbon black (CB) as a reinforcing agent (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt%). Escherichia coli (facultative anaerobic) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (aerobic-facultatively anaerobic) gram-negative bacteria formed a biofilm on HDPE in a 96-well plate for 5 days. In vitro, biofilm formation was determined by measuring absorbance (A420) in crystal violet dye, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) was determined by the spread plating technique. The biofilm formation and disruption are observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM), where both the CFU and the SEM revealed uniform formation of biofilm onto neat HDPE. The best performance in terms of reduced biofilm formation and biofouling onto HDPE floaters was achieved for E. coli (ZnO: 2 wt% and CB: 2 wt%), whereas for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZnO: 3 wt% and CB: 2 wt%). Application of greener polymers and nanoparticles for future studies is highly recommended.
{"title":"Antimicrobial polymer composites with anti-biofouling features for floating solar power plant applications: Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles","authors":"RSN Sahai, Mohammed Wasim Khan, Ankur Jadhav, Manju Sharma","doi":"10.1177/20412479231206396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231206396","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial hybrid polymer composites are developed for application in floating solar power plants. To avoid the degradation of the floater because of microbes living in the water as well as possible biofouling, zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as an antimicrobial agent, varying the weight percent (1, 2, and 3 wt%) within the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix, along with carbon black (CB) as a reinforcing agent (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt%). Escherichia coli (facultative anaerobic) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (aerobic-facultatively anaerobic) gram-negative bacteria formed a biofilm on HDPE in a 96-well plate for 5 days. In vitro, biofilm formation was determined by measuring absorbance (A420) in crystal violet dye, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) was determined by the spread plating technique. The biofilm formation and disruption are observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM), where both the CFU and the SEM revealed uniform formation of biofilm onto neat HDPE. The best performance in terms of reduced biofilm formation and biofouling onto HDPE floaters was achieved for E. coli (ZnO: 2 wt% and CB: 2 wt%), whereas for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZnO: 3 wt% and CB: 2 wt%). Application of greener polymers and nanoparticles for future studies is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1177/20412479231206395
Bachir Ben Seghir, Hadia Hemmami, Abdelheq Layachi, Imane Kouadri, Ilham Ben Amor, Soumeia Zeghoud, Abdelkrim Rebiai, Adila Talbi
The utilization of Astragalus Gombo (AG) as a primary ingredient in this research has been employed for the purpose of cellulose synthesis. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of utilizing agricultural waste, specifically AG, as a novel source for cellulose production. The cellulose underwent a three-step preparation process. Initially, deproteinization was conducted, followed by lipid extraction. Subsequently, a bleaching treatment was applied to eliminate lignin and hemicellulose. This study investigates the optimization of cellulose extraction from agricultural residues through the utilization of analysis of variance. Various extraction durations (1, 2, and 4 h), extraction temperatures (30, 60, and 100°C), and concentrations of NaOH (5, 10, and 20%) were employed. The optimal circumstances can be ascertained employing the 3-D response surface and contour plot generated from the mathematical models. The most favorable conditions for extraction involve maintaining an extraction temperature of 30°C, an extraction period of 2 h, and a NaOH concentration of 5%. Based on the regression analysis, the estimated final mass is projected to be 1356 g, with a regression coefficient of 90.96%, given the specified parameters. The cellulose was subjected to a comprehensive analysis using several spectroscopic, thermal, morphological, and structural techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The preparations of cellulose from AG were executed successfully. Furthermore, the findings of this study indicate that AG represents a newly identified environmentally sustainable resource.
{"title":"<i>Astragalus</i> gombo as a renewable source of cellulose: Experimental and response surface approaches","authors":"Bachir Ben Seghir, Hadia Hemmami, Abdelheq Layachi, Imane Kouadri, Ilham Ben Amor, Soumeia Zeghoud, Abdelkrim Rebiai, Adila Talbi","doi":"10.1177/20412479231206395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231206395","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of Astragalus Gombo (AG) as a primary ingredient in this research has been employed for the purpose of cellulose synthesis. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of utilizing agricultural waste, specifically AG, as a novel source for cellulose production. The cellulose underwent a three-step preparation process. Initially, deproteinization was conducted, followed by lipid extraction. Subsequently, a bleaching treatment was applied to eliminate lignin and hemicellulose. This study investigates the optimization of cellulose extraction from agricultural residues through the utilization of analysis of variance. Various extraction durations (1, 2, and 4 h), extraction temperatures (30, 60, and 100°C), and concentrations of NaOH (5, 10, and 20%) were employed. The optimal circumstances can be ascertained employing the 3-D response surface and contour plot generated from the mathematical models. The most favorable conditions for extraction involve maintaining an extraction temperature of 30°C, an extraction period of 2 h, and a NaOH concentration of 5%. Based on the regression analysis, the estimated final mass is projected to be 1356 g, with a regression coefficient of 90.96%, given the specified parameters. The cellulose was subjected to a comprehensive analysis using several spectroscopic, thermal, morphological, and structural techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The preparations of cellulose from AG were executed successfully. Furthermore, the findings of this study indicate that AG represents a newly identified environmentally sustainable resource.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising concern of environmental issues from the non-degradable conventional polymers is triggering the development of sustainable and renewable polymers. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has been known to have huge potential to substitute conventional synthetic polymers. A thermoplastic starch was prepared using a non-food bitter cassava starch with isosorbide as plasticizer. To improve the dispersion and interfacial affinity of thermoplastic starch and boost the compatibility between starch and isosorbide, citric acid (CA) was used as an additive. The influence of citric acid to the TPS was then investigated. The result shows that citric acid improved tensile strength from 8.68 MPa to 11.98 MPa. The addition of citric acid at a concentration of 1 – 10 wt % can increase glass transition temperature (T g ) from 48.81°C to 63.89°C and storage modulus at 25°C from 1.20 GPa to 3.47 GPa. Two degradation temperatures (T d ) were detected which are T d1 onset value was decrease from 83.32°C down to 79.78°C while T d2 onset value was decrease from 275.29°C down to 247.17°C and T d2 max from 311.12°C to 295.06°C.
{"title":"Effect of citric acid on the properties of thermoplastic bitter cassava starch plasticized with isosorbide","authors":"Arfiathi Arfiathi, Riska Sumirat, Firda Aulya Syamani, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Fitry Filiyanti, Yeyen Nurhamiyah","doi":"10.1177/20412479231202591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231202591","url":null,"abstract":"The rising concern of environmental issues from the non-degradable conventional polymers is triggering the development of sustainable and renewable polymers. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has been known to have huge potential to substitute conventional synthetic polymers. A thermoplastic starch was prepared using a non-food bitter cassava starch with isosorbide as plasticizer. To improve the dispersion and interfacial affinity of thermoplastic starch and boost the compatibility between starch and isosorbide, citric acid (CA) was used as an additive. The influence of citric acid to the TPS was then investigated. The result shows that citric acid improved tensile strength from 8.68 MPa to 11.98 MPa. The addition of citric acid at a concentration of 1 – 10 wt % can increase glass transition temperature (T g ) from 48.81°C to 63.89°C and storage modulus at 25°C from 1.20 GPa to 3.47 GPa. Two degradation temperatures (T d ) were detected which are T d1 onset value was decrease from 83.32°C down to 79.78°C while T d2 onset value was decrease from 275.29°C down to 247.17°C and T d2 max from 311.12°C to 295.06°C.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/20412479231202587
Farnoosh Hormozinezhad, Morteza Ehsani, Amin Esmaeili, Aleksander Hejna
Recycling of polyolefins has become a on-demand route to avoid its environmental threats. Nevertheless, drop of properties after re-extrusion necessitates use of reinforcing agents to compensate for poor mechanical properties. The incorporation of nanoparticles into plastics can boost their mechanical and rheological properties due to the hard nanocrystalline phases. This study aims to promote and identify a polyolefin-based nanocomposite by combination of TiO 2 and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) at concentration of 1, 3, and 6 wt% in a twin-screw extruder. The nanocomposites were characterized for mechanical and rheological properties. Overall, the results showed that the mechanical properties were improved by adding particles up to 6 wt% loadings. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on the nanofiller weight fraction and particle size. Well-dispersion and, as a result, enhancing the viscosity, modulus, and hardness in the sample containing 3 wt% TiO 2 and 3 wt%. POSS was due to the presence of hydroxyl functional groups on its surface. Glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the samples did not show a significant change due to the neutral role of nanoparticle nucleation in the matrix.
{"title":"Combination of titanium dioxide and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanofillers to boost mechanical and rheological properties of polyolefins: Recycling possibility","authors":"Farnoosh Hormozinezhad, Morteza Ehsani, Amin Esmaeili, Aleksander Hejna","doi":"10.1177/20412479231202587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20412479231202587","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling of polyolefins has become a on-demand route to avoid its environmental threats. Nevertheless, drop of properties after re-extrusion necessitates use of reinforcing agents to compensate for poor mechanical properties. The incorporation of nanoparticles into plastics can boost their mechanical and rheological properties due to the hard nanocrystalline phases. This study aims to promote and identify a polyolefin-based nanocomposite by combination of TiO 2 and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) at concentration of 1, 3, and 6 wt% in a twin-screw extruder. The nanocomposites were characterized for mechanical and rheological properties. Overall, the results showed that the mechanical properties were improved by adding particles up to 6 wt% loadings. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on the nanofiller weight fraction and particle size. Well-dispersion and, as a result, enhancing the viscosity, modulus, and hardness in the sample containing 3 wt% TiO 2 and 3 wt%. POSS was due to the presence of hydroxyl functional groups on its surface. Glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the samples did not show a significant change due to the neutral role of nanoparticle nucleation in the matrix.","PeriodicalId":20353,"journal":{"name":"Polymers from Renewable Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136265347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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