Nanoparticles of barium zirconate were prepared by sol–gel method and used for the preparation of nanocomposites. Polyaniline fibers and its nanocomposites with barium zirconate were prepared by in‐situ polymerization at various percentages of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and 5 wt%. The prepared polyaniline nanocomposites were subjected for determination functional group by FTIR spectra and XRD analysis. The surface morphology is important aspect of sensor studies, which is illustrated by SEM and TEM image. DC conductivity of the pristine PANI and its nanocomposites increases with increase in temperature up 200°C. It is evident that the increase in conductivity is due to the hopping of charge carriers from valence band to conduction band. Among all the nanocomposites, 3 wt% of polyaniline nanocomposite shows the high conductivity of 18.6 S/cm. It is also noted that 3 wt% polyaniline nanocomposites have a higher sensitivity of 86.2% at 300 ppm when compared with other compositions. This could be because of formation strong connections between the polyaniline fibers and nano‐oxide as a resulted of enhanced node connections, high surface area and porosity through optimized nanomaterials doping. The nanocomposites sensitivity restored in 89 s after the gas was removed, responding in 23 s at 300 ppm.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锆酸钡纳米粒子，并将其用于制备纳米复合材料。通过原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺纤维及其与锆酸钡的纳米复合材料，聚苯胺纤维与锆酸钡的比例分别为 1 wt%、2 wt%、3 wt%、4 wt% 和 5 wt%。制备的聚苯胺纳米复合材料通过傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射分析确定了官能团。表面形貌是传感器研究的一个重要方面，这可以通过 SEM 和 TEM 图像来说明。原始 PANI 及其纳米复合材料的直流电导率随温度升高而增加，最高可达 200°C。很明显，电导率的增加是由于电荷载流子从价带跳到了导带。在所有纳米复合材料中，3 wt% 的聚苯胺纳米复合材料显示出 18.6 S/cm 的高电导率。此外，与其他成分相比，3 wt% 聚苯胺纳米复合材料在 300 ppm 时的灵敏度高达 86.2%。这可能是因为聚苯胺纤维和纳米氧化物之间形成了牢固的连接，通过优化纳米材料的掺杂，增强了节点连接、高表面积和孔隙率。移除气体后，纳米复合材料的灵敏度在 89 秒内恢复，而在 300 ppm 时，灵敏度在 23 秒内恢复。
{"title":"Fabrication of n‐p heterostructure of polyaniline–barium zirconate nanocomposites sensor device for the detection of diazomethane gas","authors":"S. Manjunatha, Ameena Parveen, Aashis S. Roy","doi":"10.1002/pat.6569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6569","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles of barium zirconate were prepared by sol–gel method and used for the preparation of nanocomposites. Polyaniline fibers and its nanocomposites with barium zirconate were prepared by in‐situ polymerization at various percentages of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and 5 wt%. The prepared polyaniline nanocomposites were subjected for determination functional group by FTIR spectra and XRD analysis. The surface morphology is important aspect of sensor studies, which is illustrated by SEM and TEM image. DC conductivity of the pristine PANI and its nanocomposites increases with increase in temperature up 200°C. It is evident that the increase in conductivity is due to the hopping of charge carriers from valence band to conduction band. Among all the nanocomposites, 3 wt% of polyaniline nanocomposite shows the high conductivity of 18.6 S/cm. It is also noted that 3 wt% polyaniline nanocomposites have a higher sensitivity of 86.2% at 300 ppm when compared with other compositions. This could be because of formation strong connections between the polyaniline fibers and nano‐oxide as a resulted of enhanced node connections, high surface area and porosity through optimized nanomaterials doping. The nanocomposites sensitivity restored in 89 s after the gas was removed, responding in 23 s at 300 ppm.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"317 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shape memory polymers have been widely researched to develop multifunctional materials that respond smartly to external stimulations and programmed signals. Among them, shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) is drawing great attention owing to its highly tunable properties and ease of integrating new functions. However, the effect of urea bonds on SMPU elastomers has rarely been investigated because of the extreme reactivity of amine crosslinkers. In this study, we used diethanolamine (DEOA), which contains a secondary amine, as the crosslinker for SMPU synthesis. Unlike other crosslinkers containing primary amines, they can form urea bonds in a more gentle manner. The urea bonds reinforce the intermolecular interactions between the hard segments with strong hydrogen bonding, thus increasing the phase separation and degree of crystallization. Consequently, the urea‐containing SMPU exhibits improved mechanical strength and shape memory abilities for both fixing and recovery. Moreover, the transcarbamoylation reaction, which enables the reconfiguration of the original shape, is observed. The introduction of the urea bonds into the SMPU elastomer can be beneficial in achieving flawless shape memory performances in various sensitive applications.
{"title":"High‐performance shape memory characteristics by integrating urea linkages into the polyurethane elastomer","authors":"Jaeheon Lee, Jung Hyeun Kim","doi":"10.1002/pat.6560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6560","url":null,"abstract":"Shape memory polymers have been widely researched to develop multifunctional materials that respond smartly to external stimulations and programmed signals. Among them, shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) is drawing great attention owing to its highly tunable properties and ease of integrating new functions. However, the effect of urea bonds on SMPU elastomers has rarely been investigated because of the extreme reactivity of amine crosslinkers. In this study, we used diethanolamine (DEOA), which contains a secondary amine, as the crosslinker for SMPU synthesis. Unlike other crosslinkers containing primary amines, they can form urea bonds in a more gentle manner. The urea bonds reinforce the intermolecular interactions between the hard segments with strong hydrogen bonding, thus increasing the phase separation and degree of crystallization. Consequently, the urea‐containing SMPU exhibits improved mechanical strength and shape memory abilities for both fixing and recovery. Moreover, the transcarbamoylation reaction, which enables the reconfiguration of the original shape, is observed. The introduction of the urea bonds into the SMPU elastomer can be beneficial in achieving flawless shape memory performances in various sensitive applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing the release of antibiotics in particular tetracycline in the environment is become one of the most concerns that threat human and animals' health. Regarding their low cost, sensitivity, portability, electrochemical sensors have received attention for tetracycline monitoring. With a nanostructure, diverse active functional sites, and good conductivity, green nanoparticles are considered now as an attractive material for sensors design. The objective of the present paper is then the design of electrochemical sensor functionalized with green nanoparticles based on gum Arabic for tetracycline detection. The green nanoparticles are synthesized by direct reduction of silver nanoparticle with gum Arabic polymer. The intrinsic properties of the obtained nanoparticles are examined using different techniques namely UV–Vis absorption (UV), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric TGA. To follow up, the sensor modification as well as tetracycline detection, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry are carried out. Correlation between the different results have demonstrated good dispersion and homogeneity of green nanoparticles, with good applicability in electrochemical measurements. In fact, the sensor has demonstrated wide concentrations range from 0.1 to 1250 nM with a limit of detection in the order of 0.056 nM, lower than those reported in the literature. The selectivity test, investigated against a various interfering with similar structure to tetracycline, have proven a good discrimination between all molecules. In addition, the sensor was successfully applied to real samples, and the found recovery rates are ranging from 90.4% to 106.9%. The obtained results confirm that green nanoparticles based on gum Arabic could commercially be viable for next generation of electrochemical sensor for tetracycline detection, and also could be applied for the detection of the variety of pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment.
{"title":"Design of novel electrochemical sensor functionalized with green nanoparticles for tetracycline monitoring","authors":"Manahil Babiker Elamin","doi":"10.1002/pat.6543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6543","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the release of antibiotics in particular tetracycline in the environment is become one of the most concerns that threat human and animals' health. Regarding their low cost, sensitivity, portability, electrochemical sensors have received attention for tetracycline monitoring. With a nanostructure, diverse active functional sites, and good conductivity, green nanoparticles are considered now as an attractive material for sensors design. The objective of the present paper is then the design of electrochemical sensor functionalized with green nanoparticles based on gum Arabic for tetracycline detection. The green nanoparticles are synthesized by direct reduction of silver nanoparticle with gum Arabic polymer. The intrinsic properties of the obtained nanoparticles are examined using different techniques namely UV–Vis absorption (UV), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric TGA. To follow up, the sensor modification as well as tetracycline detection, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry are carried out. Correlation between the different results have demonstrated good dispersion and homogeneity of green nanoparticles, with good applicability in electrochemical measurements. In fact, the sensor has demonstrated wide concentrations range from 0.1 to 1250 nM with a limit of detection in the order of 0.056 nM, lower than those reported in the literature. The selectivity test, investigated against a various interfering with similar structure to tetracycline, have proven a good discrimination between all molecules. In addition, the sensor was successfully applied to real samples, and the found recovery rates are ranging from 90.4% to 106.9%. The obtained results confirm that green nanoparticles based on gum Arabic could commercially be viable for next generation of electrochemical sensor for tetracycline detection, and also could be applied for the detection of the variety of pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahinur Alemdar, Seyma Nur Kirmic Cosgun, Deniz Ceylan, Hatice Kubra Batu, Binnur Aydogan Temel
This study investigates the reinforcement of pluronic (PF127) based temperature responsive hydrogels with photosensitive functionalities to create smart and injectable materials. For this purpose, 4‐[4‐[(4‐phenyl)azo]phenoxy] methacrylate (PAzPMA) was synthesized and further polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The azobenzene‐functionalized copolymer was combined with P127 solid polymer in micelle form and with P127 micelles in solid form to obtain PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx gels, respectively. When the temperature profiles of the PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx systems were compared with PF127, sol–gel phase transition were shifted to lower temperatures due to stronger hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, different concentrations of N,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan (f‐chitosan) were added to the gel systems and their rheological properties were investigated by exposing them to UV light. It has been observed that the presence and concentration of f‐chitosan are important for the variation of the interactions' strength between the micelles. The study highlights the potential of multifunctional hydrogels for specific biomedical applications that combine sensitivity to both thermal and optical stimuli for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes.
{"title":"Synthesis and rheological analyzes of temperature and light sensitive gels comprising amphiphilic azobenzene polymers, chitosan and pluronic F127","authors":"Mahinur Alemdar, Seyma Nur Kirmic Cosgun, Deniz Ceylan, Hatice Kubra Batu, Binnur Aydogan Temel","doi":"10.1002/pat.6540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6540","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the reinforcement of pluronic (PF127) based temperature responsive hydrogels with photosensitive functionalities to create smart and injectable materials. For this purpose, 4‐[4‐[(4‐phenyl)azo]phenoxy] methacrylate (PAzPMA) was synthesized and further polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The azobenzene‐functionalized copolymer was combined with P127 solid polymer in micelle form and with P127 micelles in solid form to obtain PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx gels, respectively. When the temperature profiles of the PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx systems were compared with PF127, sol–gel phase transition were shifted to lower temperatures due to stronger hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, different concentrations of <jats:italic>N,N,N</jats:italic>‐trimethyl chitosan (f‐chitosan) were added to the gel systems and their rheological properties were investigated by exposing them to UV light. It has been observed that the presence and concentration of f‐chitosan are important for the variation of the interactions' strength between the micelles. The study highlights the potential of multifunctional hydrogels for specific biomedical applications that combine sensitivity to both thermal and optical stimuli for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coatings were prepared by blending different concentrations of SWCNTs and CeO2 particles with an epoxy resin by hydrothermal method, which was then applied to the substrate through the doctor blade technique. The mixtures were transferred into a 1‐L capacity autoclave with a teflon‐lined flange type and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 3 h. The surface coatings were applied using a doctor blade. Subsequently, the coated materials were placed in an oven and dried for 12 h at 50°C under vacuum conditions. The samples' structural analysis was examined through x‐ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis verified the CeO2/SWCNT composite coating, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to assess the presence of functional groups. Thermodynamic properties and thermal stability of composite coatings that were modified with SWCNTs and CeO2 particles were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The impact of the CeO2/SWCNT composite on the anticorrosion capabilities of the epoxy coating was examined through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist curve, and Tafel slope characterization. Corrosion tests were conducted on the CeO2/SWCNT composite coatings in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 25°C to improve corrosion resistance. The concentration of 0.4 wt% CeO2 was found to be optimal for achieving effective corrosion resistance. The composite coating CNT0.6‐C0.4 exhibited significantly higher Ecorr (−426 V) and lower Icorr (2.96 × 10−6 A cm−2) values compared to samples from the CNT0, CNT0.2, and CNT0.6 groups. The paper presents a viable solution with CeO2/SWCNT composite coating for the engineering application of corrosive‐inhibiting coatings.
{"title":"CeO2/SWCNT nanocomposite coating: A novel approach for corrosion application","authors":"Fatih Doğan","doi":"10.1002/pat.6559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6559","url":null,"abstract":"The coatings were prepared by blending different concentrations of SWCNTs and CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> particles with an epoxy resin by hydrothermal method, which was then applied to the substrate through the doctor blade technique. The mixtures were transferred into a 1‐L capacity autoclave with a teflon‐lined flange type and subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 3 h. The surface coatings were applied using a doctor blade. Subsequently, the coated materials were placed in an oven and dried for 12 h at 50°C under vacuum conditions. The samples' structural analysis was examined through x‐ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis verified the CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/SWCNT composite coating, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to assess the presence of functional groups. Thermodynamic properties and thermal stability of composite coatings that were modified with SWCNTs and CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> particles were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The impact of the CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/SWCNT composite on the anticorrosion capabilities of the epoxy coating was examined through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist curve, and Tafel slope characterization. Corrosion tests were conducted on the CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/SWCNT composite coatings in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 25°C to improve corrosion resistance. The concentration of 0.4 wt% CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was found to be optimal for achieving effective corrosion resistance. The composite coating CNT0.6‐C0.4 exhibited significantly higher <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>corr</jats:sub> (−426 V) and lower <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sub>corr</jats:sub> (2.96 × 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> A cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>) values compared to samples from the CNT0, CNT0.2, and CNT0.6 groups. The paper presents a viable solution with CeO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/SWCNT composite coating for the engineering application of corrosive‐inhibiting coatings.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith E. Johnson, D. Eric Shen, John R. Reynolds, Aubrey L Dyer
As new synthetic methods for the preparation of solution processable electrochromic polymers are explored, including increasing synthetic scale beyond that of the research laboratory, it is expected that polymer intermolecular and intramolecular interactions will be affected. In this study, we explore the use of four different alkyl phosphonic acids of differing chain lengths as an interfacial treatment on ITO transparent electrodes to improve the polymer‐electrode interactions to mitigate the loss of film integrity and resulting electrochromic properties (current density, optical properties, and effective switch rates) during repeated oxidation/reduction and swelling/deswelling of the film. It was found that the phosphonic acid layer allows for a compatibilization of the polarity of the electrode surface with the polymer layer while also improving surface energy uniformity. We evaluated two electrochromic polymers (ECPs), and while a near complete delamination was observed on untreated ITO, film integrity was maintained beyond 25 repeated cycles, with polymer optical contrast maintained at all switching rates when coated onto dodecylphosphonic acid. Additionally, we show that electrochromic polymer film integrity is maintained over a range of film thicknesses. This method can be extended to applications using a variety of solution processable electroactive polymers in contact with metal oxide surfaces.
随着制备可溶液加工电致变色聚合物的新合成方法的探索，包括合成规模不断扩大，超出研究实验室的范围，预计聚合物分子间和分子内的相互作用将受到影响。在本研究中，我们探讨了使用四种不同链长的烷基膦酸对 ITO 透明电极进行界面处理，以改善聚合物与电极之间的相互作用，从而减轻薄膜在反复氧化/还原和膨胀/溶胀过程中的完整性损失以及由此产生的电致变色特性（电流密度、光学特性和有效开关速率）。研究发现，膦酸层可以使电极表面与聚合物层的极性相容，同时还能改善表面能量的均匀性。我们评估了两种电致变色聚合物 (ECP)，虽然在未经处理的 ITO 上观察到近乎完全的分层，但在涂覆到十二烷基膦酸上后，薄膜的完整性在重复 25 次循环后仍能保持，聚合物的光学对比度在所有开关速率下均能保持。此外，我们还表明，电致变色聚合物薄膜的完整性可在一定薄膜厚度范围内保持不变。这种方法可以推广到使用各种与金属氧化物表面接触的可溶液加工电活性聚合物的应用中。
{"title":"Improving interactions at the electrochromic polymer‐transparent oxide electrode interface using alkyl phosphonic acid modifiers","authors":"Keith E. Johnson, D. Eric Shen, John R. Reynolds, Aubrey L Dyer","doi":"10.1002/pat.6551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6551","url":null,"abstract":"As new synthetic methods for the preparation of solution processable electrochromic polymers are explored, including increasing synthetic scale beyond that of the research laboratory, it is expected that polymer intermolecular and intramolecular interactions will be affected. In this study, we explore the use of four different alkyl phosphonic acids of differing chain lengths as an interfacial treatment on ITO transparent electrodes to improve the polymer‐electrode interactions to mitigate the loss of film integrity and resulting electrochromic properties (current density, optical properties, and effective switch rates) during repeated oxidation/reduction and swelling/deswelling of the film. It was found that the phosphonic acid layer allows for a compatibilization of the polarity of the electrode surface with the polymer layer while also improving surface energy uniformity. We evaluated two electrochromic polymers (ECPs), and while a near complete delamination was observed on untreated ITO, film integrity was maintained beyond 25 repeated cycles, with polymer optical contrast maintained at all switching rates when coated onto dodecylphosphonic acid. Additionally, we show that electrochromic polymer film integrity is maintained over a range of film thicknesses. This method can be extended to applications using a variety of solution processable electroactive polymers in contact with metal oxide surfaces.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Da Hong, Xinyu Huang, Zhiming Zhang, Qiaoling Ji, Zhen Chen, Qiao Xu
The rotary jet spinning process involves the joint action of centrifugal force, gravity, temperature, humidity, and flow fields on the spinning solution. The solution is ejected through the nozzle after flowing from the storage container and stretched in the air to form a composite fiber. At present, the investigation of rotary jet composite spinning primarily focused on the dynamics and kinematics of the spinning solution and jet within the container. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive exploration into the motion and slip phenomena exhibited by the composite spinning solution in air. This article investigates the slip phenomenon between the polymer and the gas contact surface after the spinning solution leaves the spinneret aperture. A slip model is established to analyze the motion and force of the polymer in air. Meanwhile, a mathematical model for the evaporation rate of composite spinning solution motion under the influence of multi‐field coupling is established through theoretical analysis. A numerical simulation of the rotary jet spinning process was conducted to obtain clouds of jet exit velocity. The morphology of composite fibers produced by rotary jet spinning was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, enabling a comparison of diameter distribution and surface quality under different environmental and equipment parameters. This study provides a certain reference for the preparation of high‐quality composite fibers.
{"title":"Jet slipping mechanism and fabricating of composite fiber by multiple field coupling","authors":"Da Hong, Xinyu Huang, Zhiming Zhang, Qiaoling Ji, Zhen Chen, Qiao Xu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6558","url":null,"abstract":"The rotary jet spinning process involves the joint action of centrifugal force, gravity, temperature, humidity, and flow fields on the spinning solution. The solution is ejected through the nozzle after flowing from the storage container and stretched in the air to form a composite fiber. At present, the investigation of rotary jet composite spinning primarily focused on the dynamics and kinematics of the spinning solution and jet within the container. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive exploration into the motion and slip phenomena exhibited by the composite spinning solution in air. This article investigates the slip phenomenon between the polymer and the gas contact surface after the spinning solution leaves the spinneret aperture. A slip model is established to analyze the motion and force of the polymer in air. Meanwhile, a mathematical model for the evaporation rate of composite spinning solution motion under the influence of multi‐field coupling is established through theoretical analysis. A numerical simulation of the rotary jet spinning process was conducted to obtain clouds of jet exit velocity. The morphology of composite fibers produced by rotary jet spinning was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, enabling a comparison of diameter distribution and surface quality under different environmental and equipment parameters. This study provides a certain reference for the preparation of high‐quality composite fibers.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pragya Tiwari, Shakshi Bhardwaj, Shiva Singh, Pradip K. Maji
The primary objective of this research is to fabricate semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) via in‐situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) within a polyurethane (PU) framework. To produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) from MMA in the PU matrix, solution polymerization was utilized in the following weight ratios: 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. The effective formation of semi‐IPNs of PU/PMMA was confirmed by several techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) proves that no new chemical bonds formed between the semi‐IPNs, and only physical interactions were present, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques tell about the amorphous nature of these semi‐IPNs. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were utilized to examine the morphology of PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs. In contrast to alternative semi‐IPNs, 70/30 and 90/10 PU/PMMA exhibit a uniform morphology devoid of phase separation. Furthermore, the significant thermal stability and transitions of these semi‐IPNs were assessed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the mechanical analysis indicates that among the different percentages of PU/PMMA, 70/30 PU/PMMA exhibits the highest tensile strength of approximately 50.5 MPa. The observed enhancement in mechanical strength can be attributed to interpenetrating networks (IPNs) formed between the constituents. The synthesized PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs have potential in various fields, including medical devices, automotive components, sports, and other advanced applications.
{"title":"Facile fabrication of polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties","authors":"Pragya Tiwari, Shakshi Bhardwaj, Shiva Singh, Pradip K. Maji","doi":"10.1002/pat.6556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6556","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this research is to fabricate semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) via in‐situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) within a polyurethane (PU) framework. To produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) from MMA in the PU matrix, solution polymerization was utilized in the following weight ratios: 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. The effective formation of semi‐IPNs of PU/PMMA was confirmed by several techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) proves that no new chemical bonds formed between the semi‐IPNs, and only physical interactions were present, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques tell about the amorphous nature of these semi‐IPNs. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were utilized to examine the morphology of PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs. In contrast to alternative semi‐IPNs, 70/30 and 90/10 PU/PMMA exhibit a uniform morphology devoid of phase separation. Furthermore, the significant thermal stability and transitions of these semi‐IPNs were assessed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the mechanical analysis indicates that among the different percentages of PU/PMMA, 70/30 PU/PMMA exhibits the highest tensile strength of approximately 50.5 MPa. The observed enhancement in mechanical strength can be attributed to interpenetrating networks (IPNs) formed between the constituents. The synthesized PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs have potential in various fields, including medical devices, automotive components, sports, and other advanced applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harihar Narayan, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Jiten R. Sharma, Rohit Verma, Umesh C. S. Yadav, Hitesh Kulhari, Prem Prakash Singh
Many phyto‐based drugs available suffer from adverse effects due to their lack of water solubility and poor bioavailability after oral administration. Genistein (Gen) is a plant‐derived isoflavone that possesses potent bioactive activity, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against cancer cells. However, due to its poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability, its potential therapeutic utility is limited. Among various strategies, nanomicelles have played a significant role in enhancing solubility and bioavailability, as well as delivering drugs directly to the site of action. Therefore, our study aims to synthesize SA‐modified PF68 (PF68‐SA) polymer‐based nanomicelles and evaluate their effectiveness in cancer treatment. In brief, the Gen‐loaded PF68‐SA nanomicelles (GNM) were successfully fabricated and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on human lung A549 cancer cells showed that GNM exhibited higher anticancer effects compared with bolus Gen. Additionally, the observed maximum concentration (Cmax) for GEN suspension and GNM was 1.53 and 3.21 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that GNM was absorbed faster than the suspension formulation. GNM demonstrated enhanced area under the curve (AUC0−t) (16.5 vs. 6.38), half‐life (t1/2) (3.55 vs. 2.49), and mean residence time (5.52 vs. 4.34) compared with pure GEN suspension. Thus, the observed results clearly indicate an improvement in the anticancer activity and bioavailability of GEN after its administration as a nanomicelles formulation.
{"title":"Amphiphilic pluronic F68 biomaterial augmented oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of genistein in lung cancer treatment","authors":"Harihar Narayan, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Jiten R. Sharma, Rohit Verma, Umesh C. S. Yadav, Hitesh Kulhari, Prem Prakash Singh","doi":"10.1002/pat.6553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6553","url":null,"abstract":"Many phyto‐based drugs available suffer from adverse effects due to their lack of water solubility and poor bioavailability after oral administration. Genistein (Gen) is a plant‐derived isoflavone that possesses potent bioactive activity, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against cancer cells. However, due to its poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability, its potential therapeutic utility is limited. Among various strategies, nanomicelles have played a significant role in enhancing solubility and bioavailability, as well as delivering drugs directly to the site of action. Therefore, our study aims to synthesize SA‐modified PF68 (PF68‐SA) polymer‐based nanomicelles and evaluate their effectiveness in cancer treatment. In brief, the Gen‐loaded PF68‐SA nanomicelles (GNM) were successfully fabricated and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on human lung A549 cancer cells showed that GNM exhibited higher anticancer effects compared with bolus Gen. Additionally, the observed maximum concentration (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>max</jats:sub>) for GEN suspension and GNM was 1.53 and 3.21 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that GNM was absorbed faster than the suspension formulation. GNM demonstrated enhanced area under the curve (AUC<jats:sub>0−<jats:italic>t</jats:italic></jats:sub>) (16.5 vs. 6.38), half‐life (<jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>) (3.55 vs. 2.49), and mean residence time (5.52 vs. 4.34) compared with pure GEN suspension. Thus, the observed results clearly indicate an improvement in the anticancer activity and bioavailability of GEN after its administration as a nanomicelles formulation.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie‐Carole Kouassi, Achraf Kallel, Abir Ben Abdallah, Samia Nouira, Sébastien Ballut, Joseph Fitoussi, Mohammadali Shirinbayan
This paper investigates the limits of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process for the fabrication of solid and hollow microneedle patches. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as the printing material. For solid microneedles, the effect of 3D printing parameters on the final quality of printed microneedles was studied. In addition, the microneedles dimensions were varied to obtain microneedles with minimal dimensions and then, to highlight the limitations of the printer used. Solid microneedle with a needle tip diameter of 348 ± 13 μm; a needle base diameter of 744 ± 25 μm and a height of 1488 ± 18 μm as minimal dimensions were successfully printed. The FDM technique, when combined with chemical post‐fabrication etching, effectively improved the size and shape of the printed solid microneedles. However, despite efforts to print hollow microneedles, the FDM process proved insufficient for achieving the desired hollow structures, indicating the need for alternative methods or techniques. Hydrolysis treatment has reduced the dimensions of the printed PLA‐based microneedles. On the other hand, printing tests were carried out to make hollow microneedle patches. The drug reservoir is a part of the microneedle patch, located within the base of the patch. The orientation of the printed object and the addition of supports to the drug reservoir were studied to facilitate the printing of hollow parts.
{"title":"Assessment of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parameters for fabrication of solid and hollow microneedles using polylactic acid (PLA)","authors":"Marie‐Carole Kouassi, Achraf Kallel, Abir Ben Abdallah, Samia Nouira, Sébastien Ballut, Joseph Fitoussi, Mohammadali Shirinbayan","doi":"10.1002/pat.6548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6548","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the limits of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process for the fabrication of solid and hollow microneedle patches. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as the printing material. For solid microneedles, the effect of 3D printing parameters on the final quality of printed microneedles was studied. In addition, the microneedles dimensions were varied to obtain microneedles with minimal dimensions and then, to highlight the limitations of the printer used. Solid microneedle with a needle tip diameter of 348 ± 13 μm; a needle base diameter of 744 ± 25 μm and a height of 1488 ± 18 μm as minimal dimensions were successfully printed. The FDM technique, when combined with chemical post‐fabrication etching, effectively improved the size and shape of the printed solid microneedles. However, despite efforts to print hollow microneedles, the FDM process proved insufficient for achieving the desired hollow structures, indicating the need for alternative methods or techniques. Hydrolysis treatment has reduced the dimensions of the printed PLA‐based microneedles. On the other hand, printing tests were carried out to make hollow microneedle patches. The drug reservoir is a part of the microneedle patch, located within the base of the patch. The orientation of the printed object and the addition of supports to the drug reservoir were studied to facilitate the printing of hollow parts.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"59 Pt A 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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