Xiao‐qin Feng, Yi Wang, Xun Dai, Xiao‐dong Liu, Yuan Liu
Flexible electronics are striving in modern society, and they impose harsh and urgent requirements for flexibility on electronic package substrates. However, traditional materials, including ceramics, metals, or polymers are lack of flexibility. Herein, a polyurethane named PU‐D1Q1VF1 is proposed via incorporating carefully selected biobased units and synergistic dynamic bonds, and the PU‐D1Q1VF1 not only meets the basic requirements of flexibility but also possesses properties of self‐heal, UV‐protection, reprocessability, and degradability. The polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) was employed as the soft segment, and the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS) and lignin derived model monomer hydroquinone were selected as chain extenders. Moreover, carefully synthesized bio‐based monomer (E)‐4‐(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenol (VF) was used as the capping agent, which could facilitate the self‐healing process of the PU‐D1Q1VF1.
{"title":"Toward flexible electronics: A novel polyurethane integrating self‐healing, UV‐protective, reprocessable, and degradable properties","authors":"Xiao‐qin Feng, Yi Wang, Xun Dai, Xiao‐dong Liu, Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6547","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible electronics are striving in modern society, and they impose harsh and urgent requirements for flexibility on electronic package substrates. However, traditional materials, including ceramics, metals, or polymers are lack of flexibility. Herein, a polyurethane named PU‐D1Q1VF1 is proposed via incorporating carefully selected biobased units and synergistic dynamic bonds, and the PU‐D1Q1VF1 not only meets the basic requirements of flexibility but also possesses properties of self‐heal, UV‐protection, reprocessability, and degradability. The polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) was employed as the soft segment, and the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS) and lignin derived model monomer hydroquinone were selected as chain extenders. Moreover, carefully synthesized bio‐based monomer (E)‐4‐(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenol (VF) was used as the capping agent, which could facilitate the self‐healing process of the PU‐D1Q1VF1.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Cheng, Yonghao Yang, Chen Zhang, Xuechun Dong, Jinbo Liu, Gensheng Wu, Gutian Zhao, Zhonghua Ni
Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) material has superior biocompatibility, degradability, and piezoelectricity, which have been chosen to fabricate electrospinning membranes to provide high surface area, porosity, and flexibility as applied in implantable medical devices. In this study, PLLA nanofiber membranes with adjustable performance were successfully prepared. The piezoelectricity, mechanical properties, and wettability could be tuned by the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐Dichloromethane (DCM) solution. The maximum output voltage of the PLLA nanofiber membranes could be adjusted from 0.28 to 0.55 V, and the breaking strength could vary in the range of 6.3–10.1 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation at break can be adjusted between 22% and 142%. In addition, the wettability of PLLA nanofiber membranes could be changed from hydrophobic state to hydrophilic state by surface treatment techniques. The excellent biocompatibility was further demonstrated by cell culture on hydrophilic membranes. These results implied that the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐DCM solutions could be an effective method to regulate characteristics of electrospinning membranes, which can provide more application possibilities for implantable medical devices.
{"title":"Fabrication of piezoelectric poly(l‐lactic acid) nanofiber membranes with controllable properties","authors":"Jie Cheng, Yonghao Yang, Chen Zhang, Xuechun Dong, Jinbo Liu, Gensheng Wu, Gutian Zhao, Zhonghua Ni","doi":"10.1002/pat.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6542","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) material has superior biocompatibility, degradability, and piezoelectricity, which have been chosen to fabricate electrospinning membranes to provide high surface area, porosity, and flexibility as applied in implantable medical devices. In this study, PLLA nanofiber membranes with adjustable performance were successfully prepared. The piezoelectricity, mechanical properties, and wettability could be tuned by the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐Dichloromethane (DCM) solution. The maximum output voltage of the PLLA nanofiber membranes could be adjusted from 0.28 to 0.55 V, and the breaking strength could vary in the range of 6.3–10.1 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation at break can be adjusted between 22% and 142%. In addition, the wettability of PLLA nanofiber membranes could be changed from hydrophobic state to hydrophilic state by surface treatment techniques. The excellent biocompatibility was further demonstrated by cell culture on hydrophilic membranes. These results implied that the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐DCM solutions could be an effective method to regulate characteristics of electrospinning membranes, which can provide more application possibilities for implantable medical devices.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahao Shi, Xuan Wang, Yuanjie Gao, Xiaorui Zhang, Ling Weng, Xue Sun
Due to the high‐power environments of electronic components, achieving the exceptional dielectric properties and mechanical behavior necessary for electronic packaging materials presents a significant challenge. In this study, a trifunctional maleimide (HTMI) was synthesized by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI trimer) with Maleic anhydride (MA), followed by the preparation of Bismaleimide (BMI) resin featuring a micro‐branching structure through its reaction with diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) ether and BMI. The intentionally designed micro‐branching structure resulted in an increase in the free volume within BMI, leading to an 8.8% reduction in the dielectric constant. Additionally, this micro‐branching architecture imparted superior mechanical properties to the BMI resin, as demonstrated by a 140% increase in bending strength and a 149% increase in impact strength of the cured product.
{"title":"Composition design and property investigation of bismaleimide by branched crosslinking structure with low dielectric permittivity and high toughness","authors":"Jiahao Shi, Xuan Wang, Yuanjie Gao, Xiaorui Zhang, Ling Weng, Xue Sun","doi":"10.1002/pat.6537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6537","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high‐power environments of electronic components, achieving the exceptional dielectric properties and mechanical behavior necessary for electronic packaging materials presents a significant challenge. In this study, a trifunctional maleimide (HTMI) was synthesized by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI trimer) with Maleic anhydride (MA), followed by the preparation of Bismaleimide (BMI) resin featuring a micro‐branching structure through its reaction with diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) ether and BMI. The intentionally designed micro‐branching structure resulted in an increase in the free volume within BMI, leading to an 8.8% reduction in the dielectric constant. Additionally, this micro‐branching architecture imparted superior mechanical properties to the BMI resin, as demonstrated by a 140% increase in bending strength and a 149% increase in impact strength of the cured product.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both the nacre‐like bionic microstructure and the spiral laminated bionic configuration exhibit superior damage‐tolerance characteristics. On the basis of this observation, the design concept of the bionic helical‐interlayer configuration is innovatively integrated into the design of a bionic nacre‐like honeycomb structure. By systematically studying different spiral angles of honeycomb's interlayer stacking forms, their influence on the structural performance is deeply discussed with four‐point bending tests. Mechanical samples are carefully prepared using short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites (i.e., PA6‐CF) through conventional fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology, where the accuracy and reliability of the designed bio‐inspired samples are ensured. The experimental results reveal significant improvements in bending strength and elastic modulus across various bionic nacre‐like honeycomb spiral structures compared to uniformly overlap configurations. In particular, the SH‐7.5 sample shows a remarkable 35.47% increase in bending strength and a 65.10% increase in elastic modulus over the SH‐11.25 sample. SEM‐based microstructural analyses are carried out to further explore the fracture mode of the carbon fibers, implied the helical configuration adopted in the nacre‐like honeycomb structure enhances the flexural resistant ability of the PA6‐CF composites. The findings above bear important guiding significance and reference value for the design of lightweight and high damage‐tolerance composite structures.HighlightsA novel bio‐inspired structure is implemented to improve the mechanical performance of fused filament fabricated polyamide composites, where the bionic spiral helical configuration is integrated into high‐fracture‐resistance nacre‐like honeycomb structures.Mechanical testing results indicate that a helix angle under 10° results in a significant improvement in the structural performance of flexural strength.Microstructural analysis reveals that the helical configuration enhances the load‐bearing functionality of reinforcing carbon fibers in the printed polyamide composites.FFF 3D printing enables further implementation of the proposed bio‐inspired novel structure for lightweight and damage‐tolerant composite applications with high customization demands.
{"title":"Improving flexural performances of fused filament fabricated short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites with natural‐inspired structural design","authors":"Kexuan Zhou, Zhaogui Wang","doi":"10.1002/pat.6545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6545","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Both the nacre‐like bionic microstructure and the spiral laminated bionic configuration exhibit superior damage‐tolerance characteristics. On the basis of this observation, the design concept of the bionic helical‐interlayer configuration is innovatively integrated into the design of a bionic nacre‐like honeycomb structure. By systematically studying different spiral angles of honeycomb's interlayer stacking forms, their influence on the structural performance is deeply discussed with four‐point bending tests. Mechanical samples are carefully prepared using short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites (i.e., PA6‐CF) through conventional fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology, where the accuracy and reliability of the designed bio‐inspired samples are ensured. The experimental results reveal significant improvements in bending strength and elastic modulus across various bionic nacre‐like honeycomb spiral structures compared to uniformly overlap configurations. In particular, the SH‐7.5 sample shows a remarkable 35.47% increase in bending strength and a 65.10% increase in elastic modulus over the SH‐11.25 sample. SEM‐based microstructural analyses are carried out to further explore the fracture mode of the carbon fibers, implied the helical configuration adopted in the nacre‐like honeycomb structure enhances the flexural resistant ability of the PA6‐CF composites. The findings above bear important guiding significance and reference value for the design of lightweight and high damage‐tolerance composite structures.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>A novel bio‐inspired structure is implemented to improve the mechanical performance of fused filament fabricated polyamide composites, where the bionic spiral helical configuration is integrated into high‐fracture‐resistance nacre‐like honeycomb structures.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Mechanical testing results indicate that a helix angle under 10° results in a significant improvement in the structural performance of flexural strength.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Microstructural analysis reveals that the helical configuration enhances the load‐bearing functionality of reinforcing carbon fibers in the printed polyamide composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>FFF 3D printing enables further implementation of the proposed bio‐inspired novel structure for lightweight and damage‐tolerant composite applications with high customization demands.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Ghasemzadeh, Alireza Haghaniazar, Navid M. Famili
The continuous ultrasonic process was utilized to devulcanize waste rubber/PE (Polyethylene) blends at varying waste rubber concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). The ultrasonic horn was designed as a static mixer, ensuring the distribution of ultrasonic waves in both parallel and cross‐flow directions. This helped devulcanize the blend uniformly. Both the ultrasonically treated blends and their untreated counterparts were tested for comparative analysis. Results demonstrated that at lower waste rubber concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% the ultrasonic treatment effectively helped in dispersing the waste rubber within the matrix. However, with higher concentrations of waste rubber 30% and 40%, the ultrasonically treated samples exhibited signs of uncuring, as evident in their thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties.
{"title":"Designing a sonicating static mixer for the production of Thermoplastic Vulcanisate by devulcanization of waste rubber","authors":"Alireza Ghasemzadeh, Alireza Haghaniazar, Navid M. Famili","doi":"10.1002/pat.6533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6533","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous ultrasonic process was utilized to devulcanize waste rubber/PE (Polyethylene) blends at varying waste rubber concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). The ultrasonic horn was designed as a static mixer, ensuring the distribution of ultrasonic waves in both parallel and cross‐flow directions. This helped devulcanize the blend uniformly. Both the ultrasonically treated blends and their untreated counterparts were tested for comparative analysis. Results demonstrated that at lower waste rubber concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% the ultrasonic treatment effectively helped in dispersing the waste rubber within the matrix. However, with higher concentrations of waste rubber 30% and 40%, the ultrasonically treated samples exhibited signs of uncuring, as evident in their thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. K. Praseetha, Princy Alexander, Lekshmi Gangadhar, Saranyadevi Subburaj, D. J. Mukesh Kumar, Saad Aldawood, T. Selvankumar, S. Vijayakumar
By promoting tissue regeneration, porous nano‐scaffolds offer improved chances for the maintenance, repair, and enhancement of damaged tissues and organ functioning. In this study, the nanosilica extract obtained from the agricultural waste, that is, rice husk after surface modification shows higher hydrophobicity in the hexamethyldisilazane and methyltrimethoxysilane‐modified nanosilica and hydrophilic nature in 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane‐modified nanosilica. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results reveal the functional groups exist in the scaffold and its surface morphology was evaluated by Field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis which shows a cross‐network structure that could impart the proper cell adhesion. The presence of amorphous nanosilica in ultrapure form was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction analysis where a broad peak was obtained in the range of 15°–40°. The crystallization phase of the hybrid scaffold shows 2θ values obtained at 22.6°, 28.7°, and 40.6°. The graph thus obtained confirms that the material used is 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane‐modified silk/silica nanocomposite. The decomposition rates and temperature of the composite were analyzed using the thermogravimetry/differential thermal technique. The antibacterial activity of the hybrid scaffolds and silk and silica shows the metabolic pathways were not disrupted for both Gram‐positive and ‐negative microbes. Cell cytotoxicity analysis proved that the electrospun hybrid scaffold was nontoxic to L929 cells and promoted cell adhesion and growth. The cells were highly proliferated onto the surface layers in a regular systematic pattern thus proving that these scaffolds were suitable for bone regeneration applications. Hence these economically viable scaffolds turn to be biocompatible and are promising as a novel product for cell culture regneration realted to therapy.
{"title":"Biocompatible nanocomposite for scaffolds in tissue engineering: A breakthrough discovery for regenerative therapy","authors":"P. K. Praseetha, Princy Alexander, Lekshmi Gangadhar, Saranyadevi Subburaj, D. J. Mukesh Kumar, Saad Aldawood, T. Selvankumar, S. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1002/pat.6538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6538","url":null,"abstract":"By promoting tissue regeneration, porous nano‐scaffolds offer improved chances for the maintenance, repair, and enhancement of damaged tissues and organ functioning. In this study, the nanosilica extract obtained from the agricultural waste, that is, rice husk after surface modification shows higher hydrophobicity in the hexamethyldisilazane and methyltrimethoxysilane‐modified nanosilica and hydrophilic nature in 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane‐modified nanosilica. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results reveal the functional groups exist in the scaffold and its surface morphology was evaluated by Field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis which shows a cross‐network structure that could impart the proper cell adhesion. The presence of amorphous nanosilica in ultrapure form was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction analysis where a broad peak was obtained in the range of 15°–40°. The crystallization phase of the hybrid scaffold shows 2θ values obtained at 22.6°, 28.7°, and 40.6°. The graph thus obtained confirms that the material used is 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane‐modified silk/silica nanocomposite. The decomposition rates and temperature of the composite were analyzed using the thermogravimetry/differential thermal technique. The antibacterial activity of the hybrid scaffolds and silk and silica shows the metabolic pathways were not disrupted for both Gram‐positive and ‐negative microbes. Cell cytotoxicity analysis proved that the electrospun hybrid scaffold was nontoxic to L929 cells and promoted cell adhesion and growth. The cells were highly proliferated onto the surface layers in a regular systematic pattern thus proving that these scaffolds were suitable for bone regeneration applications. Hence these economically viable scaffolds turn to be biocompatible and are promising as a novel product for cell culture regneration realted to therapy.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"408 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solidification technology of natural rubber exerts a significant impact on the properties of natural rubber. The solidification technology of alkaline protease has been highly valued by researchers at home and abroad because of its good solidification effect, excellent vulcanization performance, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of alkaline protease solidification technology and enzyme dosage on the structure and properties of natural rubber were investigated and compared with those of formic acid solidification technology. The solid‐state NMR results showed that increasing the enzyme dosage increased the molecular chain entanglements in the raw rubber. The gel content test results showed that the natural network structures (i.e. gels) increased after the addition of alkaline protease. The test results of the vulcanization characteristics showed that the addition of alkaline protease significantly shortened the positive vulcanization time. The Mw was the largest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%. The test results for mechanical properties showed that the mechanical properties were best when the enzyme dosage was 0.07%. In addition, as the alkaline protease dosage increased, the Akron abrasion volume of natural rubber decreased, and the Akron abrasion volume was the lowest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%.
{"title":"Effect of alkaline protease content on the structure and properties of natural rubber","authors":"Qinglong Qu, Xianning Wang, Shuo Liu, Jiyuan Cui, Zhenxiang Xin, Hongzhen Wang, Shuqiang Ding","doi":"10.1002/pat.6549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6549","url":null,"abstract":"The solidification technology of natural rubber exerts a significant impact on the properties of natural rubber. The solidification technology of alkaline protease has been highly valued by researchers at home and abroad because of its good solidification effect, excellent vulcanization performance, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of alkaline protease solidification technology and enzyme dosage on the structure and properties of natural rubber were investigated and compared with those of formic acid solidification technology. The solid‐state NMR results showed that increasing the enzyme dosage increased the molecular chain entanglements in the raw rubber. The gel content test results showed that the natural network structures (i.e. gels) increased after the addition of alkaline protease. The test results of the vulcanization characteristics showed that the addition of alkaline protease significantly shortened the positive vulcanization time. The <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub> was the largest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%. The test results for mechanical properties showed that the mechanical properties were best when the enzyme dosage was 0.07%. In addition, as the alkaline protease dosage increased, the Akron abrasion volume of natural rubber decreased, and the Akron abrasion volume was the lowest at an enzyme dosage of 0.07%.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Mohammadi, Hadis Mirzaei, Elahe Moradi, Amirali Bolourian, Sina Bazrpash, Masoud Tavakoli Dare, Hossein Ali Khonakdar
This study investigates the development and characterization of UV‐curable Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO), and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites for biomedical engineering applications. The PCL/AESO blends were prepared in various ratios, and CNTs were incorporated at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% to enhance mechanical properties. The UV‐curable formulations aimed to leverage rapid curing times, precise control over material properties, and the ability to fabricate complex structures. Results indicated that the incorporation of CNTs improved the tensile strength, modulus, and toughness of the composites. The PCL/AESO/CNT nanocomposites exhibited a tensile strength increase of 25%, a modulus improvement of 30%, and a toughness enhancement of 20% compared to pure PCL. Thermal analysis showed an increase in crystallization temperature and thermal stability, with a crystallinity degree of 63.31% and a maximum degradation temperature of 407°C for the B/C 50/50/1.5 sample. Biocompatibility assessments using L929 fibroblast cells revealed that the composites supported cell viability and proliferation over 7 days with negligible cytotoxicity. Cell attachment studies indicated favorable morphology and adherence, suggesting a conducive environment for cell growth and differentiation. Hydrolytic biodegradation studies demonstrated adjustable degradation rates, making these composites suitable for various biomedical applications requiring controlled biodegradation.
{"title":"Development and characterization of UV‐curable PCL/AESO/CNT nanocomposites for biomedical engineering","authors":"Zahra Mohammadi, Hadis Mirzaei, Elahe Moradi, Amirali Bolourian, Sina Bazrpash, Masoud Tavakoli Dare, Hossein Ali Khonakdar","doi":"10.1002/pat.6550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6550","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the development and characterization of UV‐curable Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO), and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites for biomedical engineering applications. The PCL/AESO blends were prepared in various ratios, and CNTs were incorporated at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% to enhance mechanical properties. The UV‐curable formulations aimed to leverage rapid curing times, precise control over material properties, and the ability to fabricate complex structures. Results indicated that the incorporation of CNTs improved the tensile strength, modulus, and toughness of the composites. The PCL/AESO/CNT nanocomposites exhibited a tensile strength increase of 25%, a modulus improvement of 30%, and a toughness enhancement of 20% compared to pure PCL. Thermal analysis showed an increase in crystallization temperature and thermal stability, with a crystallinity degree of 63.31% and a maximum degradation temperature of 407°C for the B/C 50/50/1.5 sample. Biocompatibility assessments using L929 fibroblast cells revealed that the composites supported cell viability and proliferation over 7 days with negligible cytotoxicity. Cell attachment studies indicated favorable morphology and adherence, suggesting a conducive environment for cell growth and differentiation. Hydrolytic biodegradation studies demonstrated adjustable degradation rates, making these composites suitable for various biomedical applications requiring controlled biodegradation.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei Iulian Slabu, Raluca Stan, Laura Miu, Madalina Ioana Necolau, Brindusa Balanuca, Florina Teodorescu
This study reports a sustainable strategy to produce polymeric materials with convenient properties, employing principles close to green chemistry, starting from epoxy/methacrylate vegetable oil monomers. New bio‐based derivatives were obtained from the well‐known epoxidized linseed oil, reacted with a renewable reagent, undecylenic acid, using suitable synthesis parameters in heterogeneous catalysis. The undecylenic double bonds grafted on the linseed oil structure were then reacted, resulting epoxidized undecylenic acid‐linseed oil (monomer 1). Monomer 1 was further used as an intermediate to obtain methacrylic derivatives: monomer 2—methacrylate epoxidized undecylenic acid‐linseed oil (bearing both epoxy and methacrylic moieties) and monomer 3—methacrylate undecylenic acid‐linseed oil (bearing only methacrylic functionalities). These three monomers were employed in different eco‐friendly ultraviolet/visible light curing attempts, proving their ability to generate polymer networks in different reaction conditions. The resulting materials were investigated through different thermal and thermo‐mechanical assays, establishing their general properties. The influence of the undecylenic fragments, epoxy/methacrylate content and curing conditions were established. Gel fraction varied according to the initial precursor composition (62/87% for the epoxy‐based materials; 58/91% for the methacrylic‐based materials). A good elasticity was observed for the new materials (Tg ranging from 20 to 44°C), and a great thermal resistance also (thermal degradation temperatures of 400/453°C for the epoxy network and 382°C for the methacrylic one), in good agreement with other studied mono‐ or di‐functional polymer matrices.
{"title":"Sustainable strategy for the synthesis of novel vegetable oil derived polymeric materials","authors":"Andrei Iulian Slabu, Raluca Stan, Laura Miu, Madalina Ioana Necolau, Brindusa Balanuca, Florina Teodorescu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6532","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports a sustainable strategy to produce polymeric materials with convenient properties, employing principles close to green chemistry, starting from epoxy/methacrylate vegetable oil monomers. New bio‐based derivatives were obtained from the well‐known epoxidized linseed oil, reacted with a renewable reagent, undecylenic acid, using suitable synthesis parameters in heterogeneous catalysis. The undecylenic double bonds grafted on the linseed oil structure were then reacted, resulting epoxidized undecylenic acid‐linseed oil (monomer 1). Monomer 1 was further used as an intermediate to obtain methacrylic derivatives: monomer 2—methacrylate epoxidized undecylenic acid‐linseed oil (bearing both epoxy and methacrylic moieties) and monomer 3—methacrylate undecylenic acid‐linseed oil (bearing only methacrylic functionalities). These three monomers were employed in different eco‐friendly ultraviolet/visible light curing attempts, proving their ability to generate polymer networks in different reaction conditions. The resulting materials were investigated through different thermal and thermo‐mechanical assays, establishing their general properties. The influence of the undecylenic fragments, epoxy/methacrylate content and curing conditions were established. Gel fraction varied according to the initial precursor composition (62/87% for the epoxy‐based materials; 58/91% for the methacrylic‐based materials). A good elasticity was observed for the new materials (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>g</jats:italic></jats:sub> ranging from 20 to 44°C), and a great thermal resistance also (thermal degradation temperatures of 400/453°C for the epoxy network and 382°C for the methacrylic one), in good agreement with other studied mono‐ or di‐functional polymer matrices.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dillirani Nagarajan, Guruvignesh Senthilkumar, Chiu‐Wen Chen, N. Karmegam, L. Praburaman, Woong Kim, Cheng‐Di Dong
The use of macroalgae for food has been extensive in Asia historically. However, there has been a renewed interest at present in macroalgae due to its recognition as a potential carbon capture agent and a blue carbon donor besides their utility in biofuel production. Bioplastics is an umbrella term for a wide variety of polymers that can be either biobased or biodegradable, or both. Macroalgal polysaccharides and their inherent film‐forming capacity are exploited in the bioplastics industry and macroalgal polysaccharide‐based biofilms are extensively used in food packaging due to their compatibility and ease of production. Commercial macroalgae‐based bioplastics production is ongoing, with research dedicated to the development of biodegradable/compostable biofilms suitable for the food packing and biomedicine sector. This review aims to provide an overview of the polysaccharides of macroalgae that can be used to form biofilms and bioplastics. Different methods for biofilm formation are discussed along with summarizing the effect of plasticizers, the method of film formation, and biodegradability. The major source of marine macroalgal polysaccharaides are agar, alginate, carrageenan, laminarin, fucoidan, and ulvan. Different groups of macroalgae are utilized for the production of polysaccharide derived bioplatics, namely, brown algae (Padina pavonica, Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria japonica, Rugulopteryx okamurae, Sargassum natans, Sargassum siliquosum, Jolyna laminarioides, Gracilaria salicornia), green algae (Ulva fasciata, Halimeda opuntia, Codium fragile, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Ulva rigida), and red algae (Eucheuma cottonii, Porphyra sp., Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gracilaria corticata). The outcome of the review reveals that there is a vast scope for macroalgal polysaccharide‐derived bioplastics for a sustainable environment.
{"title":"Sustainable bioplastics from seaweed polysaccharides: A comprehensive review","authors":"Dillirani Nagarajan, Guruvignesh Senthilkumar, Chiu‐Wen Chen, N. Karmegam, L. Praburaman, Woong Kim, Cheng‐Di Dong","doi":"10.1002/pat.6536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6536","url":null,"abstract":"The use of macroalgae for food has been extensive in Asia historically. However, there has been a renewed interest at present in macroalgae due to its recognition as a potential carbon capture agent and a blue carbon donor besides their utility in biofuel production. Bioplastics is an umbrella term for a wide variety of polymers that can be either biobased or biodegradable, or both. Macroalgal polysaccharides and their inherent film‐forming capacity are exploited in the bioplastics industry and macroalgal polysaccharide‐based biofilms are extensively used in food packaging due to their compatibility and ease of production. Commercial macroalgae‐based bioplastics production is ongoing, with research dedicated to the development of biodegradable/compostable biofilms suitable for the food packing and biomedicine sector. This review aims to provide an overview of the polysaccharides of macroalgae that can be used to form biofilms and bioplastics. Different methods for biofilm formation are discussed along with summarizing the effect of plasticizers, the method of film formation, and biodegradability. The major source of marine macroalgal polysaccharaides are agar, alginate, carrageenan, laminarin, fucoidan, and ulvan. Different groups of macroalgae are utilized for the production of polysaccharide derived bioplatics, namely, brown algae (<jats:italic>Padina pavonica, Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria japonica, Rugulopteryx okamurae, Sargassum natans, Sargassum siliquosum, Jolyna laminarioides, Gracilaria salicornia</jats:italic>), green algae (<jats:italic>Ulva fasciata, Halimeda opuntia, Codium fragile, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Ulva rigida</jats:italic>), and red algae (<jats:italic>Eucheuma cottonii, Porphyra</jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gracilaria corticata</jats:italic>). The outcome of the review reveals that there is a vast scope for macroalgal polysaccharide‐derived bioplastics for a sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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