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Advancement of constant and progressive load multi‐cycle indentation method on surface properties characterization of polymers 恒定和渐进加载多循环压痕法在聚合物表面特性表征中的应用进展
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6573
Soumya Ranjan Guru, Mihir Sarangi
In recent years, polymers have been popular in industrial applications due to their lightweight, corrosion‐resistant, improved surface polish, ease of manufacturing, cost‐effectiveness, and so forth. Similarly, micro/nano‐indentation has gained popularity as a technique for assessing the surface mechanical characteristics of polymers. The present study conducted comprehensive experiments using cyclic micro‐indentation on engineering polymers, specifically poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(tetra‐fluoroethylene) (PTFE). An appropriate and optimal indentation method has been proposed after analyzing the behavior and significance of all the input parameters in evaluating the properties. Both constant load multi‐cycle (CLMC) and progressive load multi‐cycle (PLMC) were considered for this investigation. A comparative evaluation has been conducted to assess two multi‐cycle tests on these materials. From the analysis of the input parameters, including maximum loads, loading and unloading rates, and the number of cycles, the unloading rate and indentation cycle are crucial factors in determining hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E). Increasing the loading rates leads to an increase in H and a reduction in E for all three materials. This effect arises from the thermal effect, which is characterized by the creep modulus and a closed hysteresis loop. Employing the holding duration and multiple cycle data in constant load multi‐cycle can significantly influence the creep behavior and use of the hysteresis loop for fatigue behavior. Similarly, a progressive load multi‐cycle indentation with a force greater than 0.5 N and a minimum of five cycles is the most accurate approach for evaluating surface mechanical parameters.
近年来,聚合物因其重量轻、耐腐蚀、表面光洁度高、易于制造、成本效益高等优点而在工业应用中大受欢迎。同样,微/纳米压痕技术作为一种评估聚合物表面机械特性的技术也越来越受欢迎。本研究对工程聚合物,特别是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)进行了循环微压痕综合实验。在分析了所有输入参数在性能评估中的行为和意义后,提出了一种适当的最佳压痕方法。本次研究同时考虑了恒定载荷多循环(CLMC)和渐进载荷多循环(PLMC)两种方法。对这些材料的两种多循环测试进行了比较评估。从对输入参数(包括最大载荷、加载和卸载速率以及循环次数)的分析来看,卸载速率和压痕循环是决定硬度(H)和弹性模量(E)的关键因素。对于所有三种材料来说,加载速率的增加都会导致 H 的增加和 E 的减少。这种效应源于热效应,其特点是蠕变模量和闭合滞后环。在恒定载荷多循环中使用保持时间和多循环数据可以显著影响蠕变行为和疲劳行为滞后环的使用。同样,力大于 0.5 N 且至少循环五次的渐进加载多循环压痕是评估表面机械参数的最准确方法。
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引用次数: 0
Production of gamma‐polyglutamic acid microgel by Bacillus species: Industrial applications and future perspectives 用芽孢杆菌生产γ-聚谷氨酸微凝胶:工业应用和未来展望
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6565
Priti Pal, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Uttam Kumar Sahoo, Harikesh B. Singh, Sanjukta Subudhi, Thangjam Anand Singh
γ‐Polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) microgel, produced by Bacillus spp., represents a promising biomaterial with diverse industrial applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. This review explores the current methodologies in the industrial production of γ‐PGA microgel, emphasizing the optimization of fermentation conditions, genetic engineering of Bacillus strains, and advances in downstream processing techniques. Key applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental management are discussed, highlighting its role in drug delivery systems, as a biocontrol agent, and in wastewater treatment. Future perspectives include enhancing production efficiency through synthetic biology, expanding its application scope, and addressing economic and regulatory challenges to facilitate broader adoption. The integration of innovative technologies and multidisciplinary approaches is crucial for the sustainable development and commercial success of γ‐PGA microgel.
由芽孢杆菌属生产的γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)微凝胶具有生物降解性、生物相容性和无毒性,是一种具有多种工业应用前景的生物材料。本综述探讨了当前工业化生产 γ-PGA 微凝胶的方法,重点关注发酵条件的优化、芽孢杆菌菌株的基因工程以及下游加工技术的进步。讨论了γ-PGA 在制药、农业和环境管理方面的主要应用,强调了它在药物输送系统、生物控制剂和废水处理方面的作用。未来的展望包括通过合成生物学提高生产效率,扩大其应用范围,以及应对经济和监管方面的挑战以促进更广泛的应用。创新技术和多学科方法的整合对于γ-PGA 微凝胶的可持续发展和商业成功至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
A wideband flexible antenna utilizing PMMA/PVDF‐HFP/PZT polymer composite film and silver‐based conductive ink for wearable applications 利用 PMMA/PVDF-HFP/PZT 聚合物复合膜和银基导电墨水的宽带柔性天线,适用于可穿戴应用
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6575
Saïd Douhi, Abdelkrim Boumegnane, Nabil Chakhchaoui, Adil Eddiai, Omar Cherkaoui, M'hammed Mazroui
The relentless drive towards miniaturization and seamless integration of electronic components in wireless communications and wearable devices has significantly increased the demand for flexible, cost‐effective composites with high dielectric constants and low losses. This study presents a wideband, low‐profile, and flexible antenna with excellent on body radiation performance for wearable applications. The antenna is designed using a low‐loss composite film based on PMMA‐PVDF‐HFP‐PZT and silver‐based ink. The proposed flexible antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 132.16% with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than two. It achieves a peak gain of 2.76 dBi at 2.92 GHz and maintains a maximum radiation efficiency of 80% across the 1.26–6.17 GHz frequency range. These characteristics demonstrate that the antenna is an effective solution for achieving high data rates and reliable communication links. The antenna's suitability for wearable applications is assessed by testing it on a simulated human body and analyzing its behavior under physical deformation. The results under bending showed only a minimal frequency detuning, which is negligible given the antenna's wide operational bandwidth. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis shows values of approximately 1.88 W/kg at 3.5 GHz with an input power of 0.5 W, and 0.279 W/kg at 5.8 GHz with an input power of 0.45 W, which complies with established safety limits for exposure. Overall, these results suggest that the proposed antenna is a viable solution for integration into wearable medical devices, such as a doctor's chest badge, enabling noncontact interactions and reducing the risk of bacterial contamination.
随着无线通信和可穿戴设备向微型化和电子元件无缝集成方向的不断发展,对具有高介电常数和低损耗的柔性、高性价比复合材料的需求大幅增加。本研究提出了一种宽带、扁平、柔性天线,具有出色的人体辐射性能,适用于可穿戴应用。天线的设计采用了基于 PMMA-PVDF-HFP-PZT 和银基油墨的低损耗复合薄膜。所提出的柔性天线具有 132.16% 的宽带宽,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于 2。它在 2.92 GHz 频率下实现了 2.76 dBi 的峰值增益,并在 1.26-6.17 GHz 频率范围内保持了 80% 的最大辐射效率。这些特性表明,该天线是实现高数据速率和可靠通信链路的有效解决方案。通过在模拟人体上进行测试并分析其在物理变形下的行为,评估了该天线是否适合可穿戴应用。弯曲情况下的结果显示,频率失谐极小,考虑到天线的宽工作带宽,这种失谐可以忽略不计。比吸收率(SAR)分析表明,在输入功率为 0.5 W 的情况下,3.5 GHz 的比吸收率约为 1.88 W/kg;在输入功率为 0.45 W 的情况下,5.8 GHz 的比吸收率约为 0.279 W/kg,符合既定的安全暴露限值。总之,这些结果表明,拟议的天线是一种可行的解决方案,可集成到医生胸牌等可穿戴医疗设备中,实现非接触式交互,降低细菌污染的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of dual‐responsive PAMAM nanodendrimers for improved dispersive solid‐phase extraction of cancer agents from complex biological samples 双响应 PAMAM 纳米树枝状聚合物的合成、表征和优化,用于改进从复杂生物样品中分散固相萃取癌症制剂的方法
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6570
Mohammadreza Mahdavijalal, Homayon Ahmad Panahi, Elham Moniri, Niloufar Torabi Fard
Levels of anticancer agents in cancer patients' body fluids are typically measured to adjust drug dosages or improve treatment results. The goal of this research is to present a new method for extracting bicalutamide (BCT) from biological samples using a responsive polymeric nanoadsorbent that reacts to temperature and near‐infrared radiation (NIR). To achieve this, the surface layers of tungsten disulfide nanosheets are modified using poly (N‐vinylcaprolactam) and three generations of polymeric dendrimers. The adsorbent product is then characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The drug loading operation on the proposed adsorbent is studied through central composite design and response surface strategy, with optimization for temperature (25–45°C), pH (5–9), and contact time (2–18 min). Nonlinear kinetic and adsorption isotherm analysis results show the best fit with Langmuir and pseudo‐second‐order models. The drug release process from the BCT‐loaded adsorbent is investigated via an HPLC‐UV system under both NIR‐irradiated and non‐irradiated conditions. The suggested method demonstrates remarkable recovery rates for BCT spikes from urine (95.23%) and plasma (93.33%), respectively. Overall, the recommended strategy can be regarded as a potent analytical tool for evaluating BCT in complex biosamples.
测量癌症患者体液中的抗癌药物水平通常是为了调整药物剂量或改善治疗效果。本研究的目的是提出一种新方法,利用一种对温度和近红外辐射(NIR)有反应的聚合物纳米吸附剂从生物样本中提取比卡鲁胺(BCT)。为此,使用聚(N-乙烯基己内酰胺)和三代聚合物树枝形分子对二硫化钨纳米片的表层进行了修饰。然后使用热重分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射技术对吸附剂产品进行表征。通过中心复合设计和响应面策略,对温度(25-45°C)、pH 值(5-9)和接触时间(2-18 分钟)进行了优化,从而研究了拟议吸附剂上的药物负载操作。非线性动力学和吸附等温线分析结果表明,Langmuir 模型和伪秒阶模型的拟合效果最佳。在近红外辐照和非辐照条件下,通过 HPLC-UV 系统研究了 BCT 吸附剂的药物释放过程。所建议的方法分别从尿液(95.23%)和血浆(93.33%)中回收了 BCT 药物。总之,所推荐的方法可被视为评估复杂生物样品中 BCT 的有效分析工具。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose incorporation to gelatin‐sunflower oil bigel on the physicochemical and structural properties 明胶-葵花籽油大凝胶中加入羧甲基纤维素对理化和结构特性的影响
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6567
Shahrzad Shakouri, Sajad Arabshahi, Hamid Madanchi, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar, Anna Abdolshahi
Bigels are innovative and appealing heterogeneous matrices composed of two structured‐gel (hydrogel and oleogel) phases, which suitable for the entrapment of both hydrophilic and lipophilic active agents. As structuring the bigel phases using convenient materials can enhance the main characteristics, this study aimed to develop bigel system based on a hybrid hydrogel consisting of gelatin and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The impact of incorporating various concentrations of CMC (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% w/w) into gelatin‐based hydrogel at a constant organogel/hydrogel ratio of 60:40 was investigated on bigel properties. The integration of gelatin and CMC significantly affected the solvent holding capacity (SHC), microstructure, rheology, thermal, and textural properties. The results showed that bigel samples containing gelatin‐CMC had lower SHC compared to gelatin‐based samples. The integration of CMC to bigel formulation resulted in a significant decrease in hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness also smooth texture. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis of the bigels showed a descending trend in melting point from 99.07 to 98.60°C for bigel samples as the CMC concentration increased from 0% to 2%. This was followed by an increase in melting temperature (100.95°C) in the bigel containing 3% CMC. Particle size distribution data indicated that the droplet sizes of the bigels increased with the incorporation of CMC into the hydrogel phase, without displaying a distinct concentration‐dependent trend. The rheological characteristics of strain sweep, frequency sweep, and loss factor affected by gelatin/CMC concentration. Overall obtained results highlight that CMC incorporation to gelatin plays a crucial role in bigel offering different textural, rheological and thermal properties. So that carefully selection and optimization of gelatin and CMC concentrations in hydrogel phase are essential for tailoring the mechanical strength and stability of bigels for various applications such as drug delivery, cosmetic, and food industries. Regarding the desired properties of CMC, it could be recommend to use by combination with gelatin to create a structure–function aimed bigels.
大凝胶是一种由两种结构凝胶(水凝胶和油凝胶)相组成的创新型异构基质,既适合包埋亲水性活性剂,也适合包埋亲脂性活性剂。由于使用方便的材料构建 bigel 相可以增强其主要特性,本研究旨在开发基于明胶和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)混合水凝胶的 bigel 系统。研究了在明胶水凝胶中加入不同浓度的 CMC(0、0.5、1、2 和 3% w/w)对 bigel 性能的影响,有机凝胶与水凝胶的比例恒定为 60:40。明胶和 CMC 的加入对溶剂保持能力(SHC)、微观结构、流变学、热学和纹理特性有显著影响。结果表明,与明胶基样品相比,含有明胶-CMC 的 bigel 样品的 SHC 较低。在 bigel 配方中加入 CMC 后,硬度、内聚性和粘合性显著下降,质地也变得光滑。双胶凝胶的差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析表明,随着 CMC 浓度从 0% 增加到 2%,双胶凝胶样品的熔点呈下降趋势,从 99.07°C 降至 98.60°C。随后,CMC 含量为 3% 的 bigel 的熔点温度(100.95°C)有所上升。粒度分布数据表明,随着 CMC 加入水凝胶相,bigel 的液滴粒度增大,但没有显示出明显的浓度依赖趋势。应变扫描、频率扫描和损耗因子等流变特性受明胶/CMC 浓度的影响。总体结果表明,明胶中 CMC 的掺入对 bigel 提供不同的质地、流变和热性能起着至关重要的作用。因此,仔细选择和优化水凝胶相中明胶和 CMC 的浓度对于调整 bigel 的机械强度和稳定性至关重要,可用于药物输送、化妆品和食品工业等多种应用。考虑到 CMC 的理想特性,建议将其与明胶结合使用,以制造出结构与功能兼备的大凝胶。
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引用次数: 0
Heat‐resistant and transparent polyimides derived from alicyclic dianhydrides and phthalazinone‐based diamine 脂环族二酐和酞嗪酮基二胺衍生的耐热透明聚酰亚胺
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6562
Bingbing Wang, Lishuai Zong, Jinyan Wang, Yabin Zhang, Wenhua Hou, Xigao Jian
Advanced flexible display materials have drastically sparked considerable interest for heat‐resistant, low dielectric, and transparent polyimide (PI) materials. In light of this, our study aims to develop high‐performance semi‐aromatic PI films, followed by investigate the correlations between bridged‐alkyl/heteroaromatic ring structures and their thermal, dielectric, optical, and mechanical properties. Such PI films, namely AP‐PIs, were synthesized with a one‐step high‐temperature method between 4‐[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl]‐2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐1(2H)‐phthalazinone (DHPZDA) and various commercial alicyclic dianhydrides. The incorporation of rigid phthalazinone structures significantly enhanced thermal resistance and mechanical flexibility, while simultaneously reducing their dielectric constant (Dk), attributed to the large polymer internal free volume. Impressively, the prepared films exhibit exceptional glass transition temperature (Tg) as high as 419°C (DMTA tanδ peak), low Dk as low as 2.71, and elongation at break (ε %) up to 50.4%. Furthermore, AP‐PI films demonstrate reasonable solubility and optical transparency within the UV–visible region. The maximum optical transmittance at 550 nm (T550 nm) could reach 83.01%. These desirable properties position these materials as promising candidates for flexible substrate applications.
先进的柔性显示材料引发了人们对耐热、低介电和透明聚酰亚胺(PI)材料的极大兴趣。有鉴于此,我们的研究旨在开发高性能的半芳香族聚酰亚胺薄膜,并研究桥接烷基/异芳香族环结构与其热、介电、光学和机械性能之间的相关性。4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl]-2-(4-aminophenyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone (DHPZDA) 与各种商用脂环族二酐通过一步高温法合成了这种 PI 薄膜,即 AP-PI。刚性酞嗪酮结构的加入显著增强了薄膜的耐热性和机械柔韧性,同时降低了其介电常数(Dk),这归因于聚合物内部自由体积较大。令人印象深刻的是,所制备薄膜的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高达 419°C(DMTA tanδ 峰值),Dk 低至 2.71,断裂伸长率(ε %)高达 50.4%。此外,AP-PI 薄膜在紫外可见光区域内表现出合理的溶解性和光学透明度。550 纳米(T550 纳米)处的最大透光率可达 83.01%。这些理想特性使这些材料成为柔性基底应用的理想候选材料。
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引用次数: 0
Optically clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive with flexible crosslinking agent for high recovery efficiency, low energy storage modulus, and excellent folding resistance 光学透明压敏胶含柔性交联剂,具有高恢复效率、低储能模量和出色的耐折性
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6574
Jinbiao Min, Jinqing Qu
Optically clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive (OCA) possesses exceptional optical properties and exhibits pressure‐sensitive adhesion, making it widely utilized in the adhesive layers of various electronic display devices. However, the increasing popularity of foldable mobile phones in recent years has imposed new requirements on the overall performance of OCA. Conventional pressure‐sensitive adhesives can enhance recoverability through cross‐linking but often demonstrate inadequate adhesive strength. In this study, three long‐chain crosslinking agents (CL) were synthesized using hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polyether amine (PEA), and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (R45V). The long‐chain CL agent contains numerous flexible segments that improve the recovery capability of the OCA while maintaining a certain level of adhesion. The optical clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive, crosslinked by three flexible crosslinkers, exhibits a low glass transition temperature (−60 to −40°C) and a low storage modulus (<0.1 MPa), along with an appropriate 180° stripping force (6–8 N/25 mm). Optically transparent pressure‐sensitive adhesives demonstrate excellent recovery properties (>85%), high light transmittance (>92%), and exceptional flexibility. Moreover, compared to market products, the optically transparent pressure‐sensitive adhesive shows superior folding resistance (>100,000 times). This indicates its suitability for applications in flexible optical displays such as foldable mobile phones and wearable electronics.
光学透明压敏胶(OCA)具有优异的光学性能和压敏粘合性,因此被广泛应用于各种电子显示设备的粘合层。然而,近年来可折叠手机的日益普及对 OCA 的整体性能提出了新的要求。传统的压敏粘合剂可以通过交联提高可回收性,但往往粘合强度不足。本研究使用丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚醚胺(PEA)和羟基封端聚丁二烯(R45V)合成了三种长链交联剂(CL)。长链 CL 剂包含许多柔性段,可提高光学透明压敏胶的恢复能力,同时保持一定的粘附性。由三种柔性交联剂交联而成的光学透明压敏胶具有较低的玻璃化转变温度(-60 至 -40°C)和较低的储存模量(0.1 兆帕),以及适当的 180° 剥离力(6-8 牛/25 毫米)。光学透明压敏胶具有出色的恢复性能(85%)、高透光率(92%)和超强的柔韧性。此外,与市场上的产品相比,光学透明压敏胶还具有卓越的耐折性(100,000 次)。这表明它适合应用于柔性光学显示器,如可折叠手机和可穿戴电子产品。
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引用次数: 0
Manipulating a novel epoxy‐based composite with core–shell rubber particles for designing a structural adhesive in aluminum–aluminum bonded joints 用芯壳橡胶颗粒操纵新型环氧基复合材料,设计铝-铝粘接接头的结构粘合剂
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6564
Maryam Aliakbari, Omid Moini Jazani, Majid Moghadam, José Miguel Martín‐Martínez
Epoxy adhesives become very brittle after curing due to their high‐crosslinking degree. For increasing the toughness of epoxy adhesives, the addition of different toughening agents has been proposed. In this study the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/dicyandiamide epoxy network has been modified by adding an emulsion latex containing core–shell rubber particles (CSPs) prepared by means of seeded emulsion polymerization. The CSPs consist of poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) as core and methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymerized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as shell. The effects of adding various amounts of the emulsion latex on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, adhesion, and microstructure of the cured epoxy resin were investigated. The CSPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties, thermal stability, adhesion to aluminum plates, and microstructure of the cured epoxy resin were investigated by stress–strain, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), single lap shear test, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The addition of 7 wt.% emulsion latex to epoxy enhanced the tensile strength and the toughness of the dumbbell‐shaped samples by 421% and 4388% with respect to neat epoxy, respectively. Furthermore, the single lap shear strength increased in 33% and an increase of 71°C in the initial decomposition temperature of the epoxy was obtained by adding 7 wt.% CSP, without affecting the maximum decomposition temperature. The FESEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces indicated that the major toughening mechanisms were CSP de‐bonding, plastic void growth, and shear bond yielding.
环氧树脂粘合剂由于交联度高,固化后会变得非常脆。为了提高环氧树脂粘合剂的韧性,有人建议添加不同的增韧剂。在这项研究中,双酚 A 的二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)/双氰胺环氧网络通过添加含有通过种子乳液聚合法制备的核壳橡胶粒子(CSPs)的乳液胶乳进行了改性。CSP 由作为芯的聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)和与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)共聚的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)作为壳组成。研究了添加不同量的乳液胶乳对固化环氧树脂的机械性能、热稳定性、附着力和微观结构的影响。透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对 CSP 进行了分析。应力应变、热重分析(TGA)、单圈剪切试验和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)分别研究了固化环氧树脂的机械性能、热稳定性、与铝板的粘附性和微观结构。与纯环氧树脂相比,在环氧树脂中添加 7 wt.% 的乳液胶乳可使哑铃形样品的拉伸强度和韧性分别提高 421% 和 4388%。此外,在不影响最高分解温度的情况下,添加 7 wt.% 的 CSP 使环氧树脂的单圈剪切强度提高了 33%,初始分解温度提高了 71°C。断裂表面的 FESEM 显微照片表明,主要的增韧机制是 CSP 脱粘结、塑性空隙增长和剪切粘结屈服。
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引用次数: 0
The role of graphene quantum dots in cutting‐edge medical therapies 石墨烯量子点在尖端医疗疗法中的作用
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6571
Kosar Arab, Aliakbar Jafari, Farangis Shahi
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), owing to their unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties, have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the utilization of GQDs in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery systems, and other biomedical therapies. The inherent properties of GQDs, including high biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, and significant surface area, make them ideal candidates for enhancing medical treatments and diagnostics. In tissue engineering, GQDs improve the mechanical and biological performance of scaffolds, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. For wound healing, GQDs enhance antimicrobial activity and facilitate faster tissue regeneration. Their potential in DDS is highlighted by their ability to deliver therapeutic agents efficiently, ensuring targeted and controlled release. Additionally, GQDs play a crucial role in biomedical therapies, particularly in cancer treatment, by enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects. While GQDs offer significant potential in enhancing medical treatments and diagnostics, challenges such as understanding their long‐term biocompatibility, potential cytotoxicity at higher concentrations, and the need for standardized synthesis methods remain critical areas for further research. This review also discusses the future directions and opportunities for GQDs, emphasizing their transformative potential in advancing modern healthcare solutions. The insights presented here contribute to the expanding field of GQD research, highlighting their potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes and drive healthcare innovations.
石墨烯量子点(GQDs)因其独特的光学、电学和化学特性,已成为各种生物医学应用中极具前景的纳米材料。本综述全面概述了将 GQDs 应用于组织工程、伤口愈合、给药系统和其他生物医学疗法的最新进展。GQDs 固有的特性,包括高生物相容性、可调光致发光和巨大的比表面积,使其成为提高医疗和诊断效果的理想候选材料。在组织工程中,GQD 可改善支架的机械和生物性能,促进细胞增殖和分化。在伤口愈合方面,GQDs 可增强抗菌活性,加快组织再生。GQDs 在 DDS 方面的潜力突出表现在它能够高效地输送治疗药物,确保有针对性地控制释放。此外,GQDs 还能提高药物疗效并减少副作用,因此在生物医学疗法,尤其是癌症治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然 GQDs 在提高医疗和诊断效果方面具有巨大潜力,但了解其长期生物相容性、高浓度下的潜在细胞毒性以及标准化合成方法的需求等挑战仍是进一步研究的关键领域。本综述还讨论了 GQDs 的未来发展方向和机遇,强调了它们在推进现代医疗解决方案方面的变革潜力。本文提出的见解有助于不断扩大 GQD 研究领域,突出了它们在显著提高患者治疗效果和推动医疗创新方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Novel drug delivery materials: Chitosan polymers conjugated with Spondias pinnata phytocompounds for enhanced anti‐microbial and anti‐cancer properties 新型给药材料:壳聚糖聚合物与羽扇豆植物化合物共轭,增强抗微生物和抗癌特性
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/pat.6561
M. Gomathi, Nair Deepa, Aiswarya Muraleedharan, Shanmugavel Uma Maheswari, R. Thirumalaisamy, T. Selvankumar, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
The current study aimed to investigate the drug delivery potential of chitosan‐conjugated Spondias pinnata phytocompounds for anticancer and antibacterial applications. The phytochemical composition of the aqueous extract of S. pinnata plant leaves revealed seven major compounds, including stearic acid, 2H‐Indol‐2‐one, beta amyrin, oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, 7‐hexadecenoic acid, and phytol. Additionally, five minor compounds were identified through GC–MS analysis. SEM analysis of chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds revealed amorphous particles. This demonstrates the attainment of optimized larger crystallites, which differ in size and shape extensively. The antioxidant potential of both the chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds and S. pinnata leaf extracts was evaluated via DPPH and ABTS assays, and the results revealed that the chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds exhibited significant scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 18.20 and 33.15 μg/mL, respectively. Chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds also demonstrated antibacterial activity against four clinically significant infections, with zones of inhibition ranging from 16 ± 0.07, 19 ± 0.10, 17 ± 0.09, and 19 ± 0.11 mm against Escherichia coli (MTCC 452), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 39), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds was assessed against A549 lung cancer cells, and the results revealed a significant reduction in cell viability (33.85) at higher concentrations of 150 μg/mL. The IC50 values of S. pinnata leaf extract (149.2 mg/mL) and chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata (126.4 mg/mL) toward A549 lung cancer cells were recorded. Overall, the results of the present study highlight the therapeutic applications of chitosan‐conjugated S. pinnata phytocompounds, particularly in the context of their anticancer and antibacterial activities.
本研究旨在探讨壳聚糖共轭的羽扇豆植物化合物在抗癌和抗菌应用中的给药潜力。研究发现,羽扇豆叶水提取物的植物化学成分中含有七种主要化合物,包括硬脂酸、2H-吲哚-2-酮、β-吡喃酮、油酸、十八酸、7-十六烯酸和植物醇。此外,还通过气相色谱-质谱分析确定了五种次要化合物。对壳聚糖共轭的羽扇豆植物化合物进行的扫描电镜分析表明,其为无定形颗粒。这表明已获得优化的较大结晶,其大小和形状差异很大。通过 DPPH 和 ABTS 试验评估了壳聚糖共轭羽扇豆植物化合物和羽扇豆叶提取物的抗氧化潜力,结果表明壳聚糖共轭羽扇豆植物化合物具有显著的清除活性,IC50 值分别为 18.20 和 33.15 μg/mL。壳聚糖共轭的羽扇豆植物化合物还对四种具有临床意义的感染表现出抗菌活性,对大肠杆菌(MTCC 452)、伤寒沙门氏菌(MTCC 733)、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(MTCC 39)和铜绿假单胞菌(MTCC 1688)的抑制区分别为 16 ± 0.07 毫米、19 ± 0.10 毫米、17 ± 0.09 毫米和 19 ± 0.11 毫米。此外,还评估了壳聚糖结合的羽扇豆植物化合物对 A549 肺癌细胞的细胞毒性,结果表明,在 150 μg/mL 的较高浓度下,细胞活力显著降低(33.85)。羽扇豆叶提取物(149.2 毫克/毫升)和壳聚糖结合的羽扇豆叶提取物(126.4 毫克/毫升)对 A549 肺癌细胞的 IC50 值均有记录。总之,本研究的结果突出了壳聚糖共轭羽扇豆植物化合物的治疗应用,尤其是在抗癌和抗菌活性方面。
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Polymers for Advanced Technologies
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