Pragya Tiwari, Shakshi Bhardwaj, Shiva Singh, Pradip K. Maji
The primary objective of this research is to fabricate semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) via in‐situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) within a polyurethane (PU) framework. To produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) from MMA in the PU matrix, solution polymerization was utilized in the following weight ratios: 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. The effective formation of semi‐IPNs of PU/PMMA was confirmed by several techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) proves that no new chemical bonds formed between the semi‐IPNs, and only physical interactions were present, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques tell about the amorphous nature of these semi‐IPNs. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were utilized to examine the morphology of PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs. In contrast to alternative semi‐IPNs, 70/30 and 90/10 PU/PMMA exhibit a uniform morphology devoid of phase separation. Furthermore, the significant thermal stability and transitions of these semi‐IPNs were assessed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the mechanical analysis indicates that among the different percentages of PU/PMMA, 70/30 PU/PMMA exhibits the highest tensile strength of approximately 50.5 MPa. The observed enhancement in mechanical strength can be attributed to interpenetrating networks (IPNs) formed between the constituents. The synthesized PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs have potential in various fields, including medical devices, automotive components, sports, and other advanced applications.
{"title":"Facile fabrication of polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties","authors":"Pragya Tiwari, Shakshi Bhardwaj, Shiva Singh, Pradip K. Maji","doi":"10.1002/pat.6556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6556","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this research is to fabricate semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) via in‐situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) within a polyurethane (PU) framework. To produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) from MMA in the PU matrix, solution polymerization was utilized in the following weight ratios: 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. The effective formation of semi‐IPNs of PU/PMMA was confirmed by several techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) proves that no new chemical bonds formed between the semi‐IPNs, and only physical interactions were present, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques tell about the amorphous nature of these semi‐IPNs. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were utilized to examine the morphology of PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs. In contrast to alternative semi‐IPNs, 70/30 and 90/10 PU/PMMA exhibit a uniform morphology devoid of phase separation. Furthermore, the significant thermal stability and transitions of these semi‐IPNs were assessed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the mechanical analysis indicates that among the different percentages of PU/PMMA, 70/30 PU/PMMA exhibits the highest tensile strength of approximately 50.5 MPa. The observed enhancement in mechanical strength can be attributed to interpenetrating networks (IPNs) formed between the constituents. The synthesized PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs have potential in various fields, including medical devices, automotive components, sports, and other advanced applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie‐Carole Kouassi, Achraf Kallel, Abir Ben Abdallah, Samia Nouira, Sébastien Ballut, Joseph Fitoussi, Mohammadali Shirinbayan
This paper investigates the limits of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process for the fabrication of solid and hollow microneedle patches. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as the printing material. For solid microneedles, the effect of 3D printing parameters on the final quality of printed microneedles was studied. In addition, the microneedles dimensions were varied to obtain microneedles with minimal dimensions and then, to highlight the limitations of the printer used. Solid microneedle with a needle tip diameter of 348 ± 13 μm; a needle base diameter of 744 ± 25 μm and a height of 1488 ± 18 μm as minimal dimensions were successfully printed. The FDM technique, when combined with chemical post‐fabrication etching, effectively improved the size and shape of the printed solid microneedles. However, despite efforts to print hollow microneedles, the FDM process proved insufficient for achieving the desired hollow structures, indicating the need for alternative methods or techniques. Hydrolysis treatment has reduced the dimensions of the printed PLA‐based microneedles. On the other hand, printing tests were carried out to make hollow microneedle patches. The drug reservoir is a part of the microneedle patch, located within the base of the patch. The orientation of the printed object and the addition of supports to the drug reservoir were studied to facilitate the printing of hollow parts.
{"title":"Assessment of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parameters for fabrication of solid and hollow microneedles using polylactic acid (PLA)","authors":"Marie‐Carole Kouassi, Achraf Kallel, Abir Ben Abdallah, Samia Nouira, Sébastien Ballut, Joseph Fitoussi, Mohammadali Shirinbayan","doi":"10.1002/pat.6548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6548","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the limits of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process for the fabrication of solid and hollow microneedle patches. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as the printing material. For solid microneedles, the effect of 3D printing parameters on the final quality of printed microneedles was studied. In addition, the microneedles dimensions were varied to obtain microneedles with minimal dimensions and then, to highlight the limitations of the printer used. Solid microneedle with a needle tip diameter of 348 ± 13 μm; a needle base diameter of 744 ± 25 μm and a height of 1488 ± 18 μm as minimal dimensions were successfully printed. The FDM technique, when combined with chemical post‐fabrication etching, effectively improved the size and shape of the printed solid microneedles. However, despite efforts to print hollow microneedles, the FDM process proved insufficient for achieving the desired hollow structures, indicating the need for alternative methods or techniques. Hydrolysis treatment has reduced the dimensions of the printed PLA‐based microneedles. On the other hand, printing tests were carried out to make hollow microneedle patches. The drug reservoir is a part of the microneedle patch, located within the base of the patch. The orientation of the printed object and the addition of supports to the drug reservoir were studied to facilitate the printing of hollow parts.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harihar Narayan, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Jiten R. Sharma, Rohit Verma, Umesh C. S. Yadav, Hitesh Kulhari, Prem Prakash Singh
Many phyto‐based drugs available suffer from adverse effects due to their lack of water solubility and poor bioavailability after oral administration. Genistein (Gen) is a plant‐derived isoflavone that possesses potent bioactive activity, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against cancer cells. However, due to its poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability, its potential therapeutic utility is limited. Among various strategies, nanomicelles have played a significant role in enhancing solubility and bioavailability, as well as delivering drugs directly to the site of action. Therefore, our study aims to synthesize SA‐modified PF68 (PF68‐SA) polymer‐based nanomicelles and evaluate their effectiveness in cancer treatment. In brief, the Gen‐loaded PF68‐SA nanomicelles (GNM) were successfully fabricated and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on human lung A549 cancer cells showed that GNM exhibited higher anticancer effects compared with bolus Gen. Additionally, the observed maximum concentration (Cmax) for GEN suspension and GNM was 1.53 and 3.21 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that GNM was absorbed faster than the suspension formulation. GNM demonstrated enhanced area under the curve (AUC0−t) (16.5 vs. 6.38), half‐life (t1/2) (3.55 vs. 2.49), and mean residence time (5.52 vs. 4.34) compared with pure GEN suspension. Thus, the observed results clearly indicate an improvement in the anticancer activity and bioavailability of GEN after its administration as a nanomicelles formulation.
{"title":"Amphiphilic pluronic F68 biomaterial augmented oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of genistein in lung cancer treatment","authors":"Harihar Narayan, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Jiten R. Sharma, Rohit Verma, Umesh C. S. Yadav, Hitesh Kulhari, Prem Prakash Singh","doi":"10.1002/pat.6553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6553","url":null,"abstract":"Many phyto‐based drugs available suffer from adverse effects due to their lack of water solubility and poor bioavailability after oral administration. Genistein (Gen) is a plant‐derived isoflavone that possesses potent bioactive activity, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against cancer cells. However, due to its poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability, its potential therapeutic utility is limited. Among various strategies, nanomicelles have played a significant role in enhancing solubility and bioavailability, as well as delivering drugs directly to the site of action. Therefore, our study aims to synthesize SA‐modified PF68 (PF68‐SA) polymer‐based nanomicelles and evaluate their effectiveness in cancer treatment. In brief, the Gen‐loaded PF68‐SA nanomicelles (GNM) were successfully fabricated and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on human lung A549 cancer cells showed that GNM exhibited higher anticancer effects compared with bolus Gen. Additionally, the observed maximum concentration (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>max</jats:sub>) for GEN suspension and GNM was 1.53 and 3.21 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that GNM was absorbed faster than the suspension formulation. GNM demonstrated enhanced area under the curve (AUC<jats:sub>0−<jats:italic>t</jats:italic></jats:sub>) (16.5 vs. 6.38), half‐life (<jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>) (3.55 vs. 2.49), and mean residence time (5.52 vs. 4.34) compared with pure GEN suspension. Thus, the observed results clearly indicate an improvement in the anticancer activity and bioavailability of GEN after its administration as a nanomicelles formulation.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modified copper calcium titanate (MCCTO) or functional activated carbon (FANC) particles were added to functional polypropylene (FPP) or heat‐treated polypropylene (HTFPP) matrix to improve the performance of FPP as dielectric films. By testing and characterizing the prepared FPPwxMCCTOy, FPPwxFANCz, FPPwxMCCTOyFANCz and HTFPPwxMCCTOy, HTFPPwxFANCy and HTFPPwxMCCTOyFANCz films, It is found that the dielectric constant and discharge energy density of each FPPwxMCCTOy, FPPwxFANCz, HTFPPwxFANCz and HTFPPwxFANCz films reach the maximum when the MCCTO and FANC loads are close to 8 and 6 wt% respectively. FPPwxMCCTO8FANCz and HTFPPwxMCCTO8FANCz series films also obtain the maximum dielectric constant and discharge energy density at FANC load approaching 6 wt%. The discharge energy density of HTFPPw86MCCTO8FANC6 film prepared properly is 3.2 J/cm3, which is more than 3 times higher than that of FPP. When MCCTO and FANC loads are ≦8 and 6 wt% respectively, with the increase of additive content, More dense distribution of MCCTO and FANC was observed in FPPwxMCCTOy(or HTFPPwxMCCTOy), FPPwxFANCz(or HTFPPwxFANCz) and FPPwxMCCTO8FANCz(or HTFPPwxMCCTO8FANCz) series film sections. In this paper, we propose possible explanations for the apparent improvement in dielectric constant, discharge energy density and heat resistance of capacitive films after appropriate heat treatment or addition of appropriate MCCTO and/or FANC loads.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of nano‐filled polypropylene dielectric films","authors":"Jia‐Long Zhang, Xi‐Hao Li","doi":"10.1002/pat.6534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6534","url":null,"abstract":"Modified copper calcium titanate (MCCTO) or functional activated carbon (FANC) particles were added to functional polypropylene (FPP) or heat‐treated polypropylene (HTFPP) matrix to improve the performance of FPP as dielectric films. By testing and characterizing the prepared FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>, FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>, FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>, HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>y</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> films, It is found that the dielectric constant and discharge energy density of each FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>, FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>, HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> films reach the maximum when the MCCTO and FANC loads are close to 8 and 6 wt% respectively. FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> series films also obtain the maximum dielectric constant and discharge energy density at FANC load approaching 6 wt%. The discharge energy density of HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>86</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> film prepared properly is 3.2 J/cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, which is more than 3 times higher than that of FPP. When MCCTO and FANC loads are ≦8 and 6 wt% respectively, with the increase of additive content, More dense distribution of MCCTO and FANC was observed in FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>(or HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>), FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>(or HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>) and FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>(or HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>) series film sections. In this paper, we propose possible explanations for the apparent improvement in dielectric constant, discharge energy density and heat resistance of capacitive films after appropriate heat treatment or addition of appropriate MCCTO and/or FANC loads.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. D. Anyaogu, A. C. Nwanya, F. I. Ezema, P. M. Ejikeme
Gel polymer electrolytes were produced using cashew tree gum exudate dissolved in water with varying glycerol proportions and cast as films with different degrees of plasticization. The films' electrical, dielectric, and ion transport properties were measured using electrochemical impedance spectra. The films exhibited non‐Debye character manifesting a distribution of relaxation times. The conductivity of the films increased up to 10−6 Scm−1 at 10% glycerol content. The relaxation time and diffusion coefficient values varied from 6.48 × 10−3 to 3.9110−5 s and 9.89 × 10−8 to 1.81 × 10−3 cm2s−1, respectively. The ion mobility ranged from 3.79 × 10−13 to 6.98 × 10−9 cm2v−1 s−1, and the number density ranged from 1.74 × 1021 to 1.60 × 1023 cm−3. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis revealed the presence of several elements, primarily Ca, Ba, Na, and K. The constitution and morphology of the films were further examined using FTIR, and XRD, techniques.
{"title":"Cashew tree gum exudate as a biopolymer electrolyte: The influence of glycerol plasticization","authors":"I. D. Anyaogu, A. C. Nwanya, F. I. Ezema, P. M. Ejikeme","doi":"10.1002/pat.6535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6535","url":null,"abstract":"Gel polymer electrolytes were produced using cashew tree gum exudate dissolved in water with varying glycerol proportions and cast as films with different degrees of plasticization. The films' electrical, dielectric, and ion transport properties were measured using electrochemical impedance spectra. The films exhibited non‐Debye character manifesting a distribution of relaxation times. The conductivity of the films increased up to 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> Scm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 10% glycerol content. The relaxation time and diffusion coefficient values varied from 6.48 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> to 3.9110<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup> s and 9.89 × 10<jats:sup>−8</jats:sup> to 1.81 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. The ion mobility ranged from 3.79 × 10<jats:sup>−13</jats:sup> to 6.98 × 10<jats:sup>−9</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>v<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, and the number density ranged from 1.74 × 10<jats:sup>21</jats:sup> to 1.60 × 10<jats:sup>23</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis revealed the presence of several elements, primarily Ca, Ba, Na, and K. The constitution and morphology of the films were further examined using FTIR, and XRD, techniques.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) should be widely used as substrates in flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) owing to their unique advantages. However, the poor adhesion of LCPs to copper foils hinders their applications. Considering the good adhesion between polyimides and copper foils, imide groups have previously been introduced into the main chains of LCP molecules. In the present paper, to further enhance the adhesion of the LCPEIs, the 1‐hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole (HOAt) is used to terminate the main chains of LCPEI molecules, which arises from the excellent coordination interaction between the azabenzotriazole groups and copper ions. Thus, the liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (t‐LCPEI), carboxyl‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (c‐LCPEI), and azabenzotriazole‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (a‐LCPEI) were synthesized. The results showed that LCPEIs possessed liquid crystallinity, and the peel strength of a‐LCPEI film to copper foils was increased by about 140% and nearly 43%, respectively, compared to that of LCP and t‐LCPEI. Moreover, a‐LCPEI showed higher glass transition temperature (Tg = 211°C) than conventional LCP resins (Tg = 155°C, Vectra A), and excellent thermal properties. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant and loss of a‐LCPEI were as low as 3.04 and 9.7 × 10−3 at 10 GHz, respectively. These findings indicate that the azabenzotriazole‐terminated LCPEI is suitable to be used as the substrate material for high‐performance FCCL, and the work provides a feasible approach to enhance the adhesion and maintain the other outstanding properties of LCP.
{"title":"Synthesis of azabenzotriazole‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide)s for improving their adhesion to copper foils","authors":"Xiangyi Li, Yuanqin Guo, Shumei Liu, Jianqing Zhao","doi":"10.1002/pat.6555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6555","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) should be widely used as substrates in flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) owing to their unique advantages. However, the poor adhesion of LCPs to copper foils hinders their applications. Considering the good adhesion between polyimides and copper foils, imide groups have previously been introduced into the main chains of LCP molecules. In the present paper, to further enhance the adhesion of the LCPEIs, the 1‐hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole (HOAt) is used to terminate the main chains of LCPEI molecules, which arises from the excellent coordination interaction between the azabenzotriazole groups and copper ions. Thus, the liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (t‐LCPEI), carboxyl‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (c‐LCPEI), and azabenzotriazole‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (a‐LCPEI) were synthesized. The results showed that LCPEIs possessed liquid crystallinity, and the peel strength of a‐LCPEI film to copper foils was increased by about 140% and nearly 43%, respectively, compared to that of LCP and t‐LCPEI. Moreover, a‐LCPEI showed higher glass transition temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>g</jats:italic></jats:sub> = 211°C) than conventional LCP resins (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>g</jats:italic></jats:sub> = 155°C, Vectra A), and excellent thermal properties. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant and loss of a‐LCPEI were as low as 3.04 and 9.7 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> at 10 GHz, respectively. These findings indicate that the azabenzotriazole‐terminated LCPEI is suitable to be used as the substrate material for high‐performance FCCL, and the work provides a feasible approach to enhance the adhesion and maintain the other outstanding properties of LCP.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahemi Nur Hidayah, Ahmad Ruzaidi Dania Adila, Ab Rahim Sharaniza, Amir Muhammad Abid, Mahat Mohd Muzamir
Biodegradable polymers are pivotal in tissue engineering, facilitating long‐term tissue reintegration and reducing the necessity for surgery. However, collagen, a crucial component of the extracellular matrix, encountered challenges due to its limited mechanical strength and rapid in‐vivo degradation. This study addresses these issues through crosslinking and functionalizing collagen with synthetic 4‐arm amine‐terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a semi‐interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The first goal is to enhance resistance to hydrolysis, thus extending the biodegradation rate. Then, to explore its electrical conductivity properties for certain applications like neural tissue regeneration. The hydrogels were fabricated using sequential IPN formation synthesis where their structural stability and type of degradation by‐products were confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Next, its mechanical and degradation properties investigations exhibit a 92% enhancement in hardness and a 90% retainment of its initial mass over time under physiological conditions. Additionally, the introduction of polypyrrole (PPy) via in‐situ polymerization increases its electrical conductivity, achieving a remarkable 104‐fold increase at a 0.75 M concentration, attributed to the interconnectivity of PPy chain networks within the three‐dimensional structure of IPN collagen/PEG hydrogel. The increased PPy concentration improves conductivity and reduces energy requirements for redox reactions, ensuring electrochemical stability as revealed by cyclic voltammetry analysis. The demonstrated structural and electrochemical stability of the semi‐IPN collagen/PEG/PPy hydrogel within a physiological environment through a facile sequential crosslinking method underscores its promising practical applications in enhancing clinical effectiveness.
{"title":"Sequentially crosslinked collagen‐based hydrogel to form a semi‐interpenetrating network for enhanced stability to hydrolytic degradation and electrochemical properties","authors":"Shahemi Nur Hidayah, Ahmad Ruzaidi Dania Adila, Ab Rahim Sharaniza, Amir Muhammad Abid, Mahat Mohd Muzamir","doi":"10.1002/pat.6546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6546","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable polymers are pivotal in tissue engineering, facilitating long‐term tissue reintegration and reducing the necessity for surgery. However, collagen, a crucial component of the extracellular matrix, encountered challenges due to its limited mechanical strength and rapid in‐vivo degradation. This study addresses these issues through crosslinking and functionalizing collagen with synthetic 4‐arm amine‐terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a semi‐interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The first goal is to enhance resistance to hydrolysis, thus extending the biodegradation rate. Then, to explore its electrical conductivity properties for certain applications like neural tissue regeneration. The hydrogels were fabricated using sequential IPN formation synthesis where their structural stability and type of degradation by‐products were confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Next, its mechanical and degradation properties investigations exhibit a 92% enhancement in hardness and a 90% retainment of its initial mass over time under physiological conditions. Additionally, the introduction of polypyrrole (PPy) via in‐situ polymerization increases its electrical conductivity, achieving a remarkable 10<jats:sup>4</jats:sup>‐fold increase at a 0.75 M concentration, attributed to the interconnectivity of PPy chain networks within the three‐dimensional structure of IPN collagen/PEG hydrogel. The increased PPy concentration improves conductivity and reduces energy requirements for redox reactions, ensuring electrochemical stability as revealed by cyclic voltammetry analysis. The demonstrated structural and electrochemical stability of the semi‐IPN collagen/PEG/PPy hydrogel within a physiological environment through a facile sequential crosslinking method underscores its promising practical applications in enhancing clinical effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yucong Ma, Yu Fu, Lei Xing, Aimin Wu, Tianjiao Wang, Yi Xu, Fangjie Wan, Xufeng Dong, Hao Huang
Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers have been developed to address the issue of poor low‐temperature resistance in fluorine rubber. Bi‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles have been prepared as a nano‐compatibilizer to enhance the cooperation of fluorine‐silicon heterogeneous rubbers and improve their compatibility. Research has demonstrated that the nano‐compatibilizer can reduce the interfacial energy between the two phases and facilitate void‐free dispersion of the phases. Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers with varying ratios have been synthesized to achieve a broad low‐temperature range, from −34 to −58°C. Additionally, the use of the nano‐compatibilizer enhances the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rubbers. This study presents a novel approach utilizing bi‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles to promote the cooperation of fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers, resulting in customizable low‐temperature resistance for applications in sealing and hose materials.
{"title":"Bi‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles induced cooperation of fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers with designable low‐temperature resistance","authors":"Yucong Ma, Yu Fu, Lei Xing, Aimin Wu, Tianjiao Wang, Yi Xu, Fangjie Wan, Xufeng Dong, Hao Huang","doi":"10.1002/pat.6544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6544","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers have been developed to address the issue of poor low‐temperature resistance in fluorine rubber. Bi‐functionalized SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles have been prepared as a nano‐compatibilizer to enhance the cooperation of fluorine‐silicon heterogeneous rubbers and improve their compatibility. Research has demonstrated that the nano‐compatibilizer can reduce the interfacial energy between the two phases and facilitate void‐free dispersion of the phases. Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers with varying ratios have been synthesized to achieve a broad low‐temperature range, from −34 to −58°C. Additionally, the use of the nano‐compatibilizer enhances the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rubbers. This study presents a novel approach utilizing bi‐functionalized SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles to promote the cooperation of fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers, resulting in customizable low‐temperature resistance for applications in sealing and hose materials.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saurabh Bhatia, Muhammad Jawad, Sampath Chinnam, Ahmed Al‐Harrasi, Yasir Abbas Shah, Esra Koca, Levent Yurdaer Aydemir, Tanveer Alam, Syam Mohan, Khalid Zoghebi, Asaad Khalid
In this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of gelatin‐pectin‐based active films incorporated with Styrax benzoin oleo gum resin","authors":"Saurabh Bhatia, Muhammad Jawad, Sampath Chinnam, Ahmed Al‐Harrasi, Yasir Abbas Shah, Esra Koca, Levent Yurdaer Aydemir, Tanveer Alam, Syam Mohan, Khalid Zoghebi, Asaad Khalid","doi":"10.1002/pat.6539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6539","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Blanco‐López, Alejandro Marcos‐García, Álvaro González‐Garcinuño, Antonio Tabernero, Eva M. Martín del Valle
Alginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has to be previously modified to induce the proper interactions with a subsequent pH reduction. Specifically, stable coacervates (according to turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering) with a size of 300–600 nm and a polydispersion lower than 0.25 were obtained after preheating the gelatin at 37°C and with a subsequent pH reduction until 4–5 for an alginate–gelatin ratio between 1:4 and 1:6. However, different experimental conditions promote an unsuccessful coacervation, obtaining always precipitates and/or coacervates with a wider particle size distribution. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of the temperature on the coacervates, different cooling–heating cycles were applied on them over a week, showing the stability of the thermo‐reversible coacervates for almost 5 days. Also, the interactions were characterized via static light scattering, analyzing the second virial coefficient. Moreover, rheological oscillatory results can be used to identify a proper coacervation due to the increase of the storage modulus. However, no significant changes were observed with statistical analysis due to the highly diluted character of the precursor solutions. These results highlighted how a proper combination of different experimental conditions, mainly temperature to promote a partial gelatin unraveling as well as pH reduction, is required to successfully produce coacervates. Finally, salt effect was proven to induce precipitation when NaCl was increasingly added to solutions of stable coacervates.
{"title":"Exploring the effect of experimental conditions on the synthesis and stability of alginate–gelatin coacervates","authors":"Marcos Blanco‐López, Alejandro Marcos‐García, Álvaro González‐Garcinuño, Antonio Tabernero, Eva M. Martín del Valle","doi":"10.1002/pat.6554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6554","url":null,"abstract":"Alginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has to be previously modified to induce the proper interactions with a subsequent pH reduction. Specifically, stable coacervates (according to turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering) with a size of 300–600 nm and a polydispersion lower than 0.25 were obtained after preheating the gelatin at 37°C and with a subsequent pH reduction until 4–5 for an alginate–gelatin ratio between 1:4 and 1:6. However, different experimental conditions promote an unsuccessful coacervation, obtaining always precipitates and/or coacervates with a wider particle size distribution. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of the temperature on the coacervates, different cooling–heating cycles were applied on them over a week, showing the stability of the thermo‐reversible coacervates for almost 5 days. Also, the interactions were characterized via static light scattering, analyzing the second virial coefficient. Moreover, rheological oscillatory results can be used to identify a proper coacervation due to the increase of the storage modulus. However, no significant changes were observed with statistical analysis due to the highly diluted character of the precursor solutions. These results highlighted how a proper combination of different experimental conditions, mainly temperature to promote a partial gelatin unraveling as well as pH reduction, is required to successfully produce coacervates. Finally, salt effect was proven to induce precipitation when NaCl was increasingly added to solutions of stable coacervates.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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