Modified copper calcium titanate (MCCTO) or functional activated carbon (FANC) particles were added to functional polypropylene (FPP) or heat‐treated polypropylene (HTFPP) matrix to improve the performance of FPP as dielectric films. By testing and characterizing the prepared FPPwxMCCTOy, FPPwxFANCz, FPPwxMCCTOyFANCz and HTFPPwxMCCTOy, HTFPPwxFANCy and HTFPPwxMCCTOyFANCz films, It is found that the dielectric constant and discharge energy density of each FPPwxMCCTOy, FPPwxFANCz, HTFPPwxFANCz and HTFPPwxFANCz films reach the maximum when the MCCTO and FANC loads are close to 8 and 6 wt% respectively. FPPwxMCCTO8FANCz and HTFPPwxMCCTO8FANCz series films also obtain the maximum dielectric constant and discharge energy density at FANC load approaching 6 wt%. The discharge energy density of HTFPPw86MCCTO8FANC6 film prepared properly is 3.2 J/cm3, which is more than 3 times higher than that of FPP. When MCCTO and FANC loads are ≦8 and 6 wt% respectively, with the increase of additive content, More dense distribution of MCCTO and FANC was observed in FPPwxMCCTOy(or HTFPPwxMCCTOy), FPPwxFANCz(or HTFPPwxFANCz) and FPPwxMCCTO8FANCz(or HTFPPwxMCCTO8FANCz) series film sections. In this paper, we propose possible explanations for the apparent improvement in dielectric constant, discharge energy density and heat resistance of capacitive films after appropriate heat treatment or addition of appropriate MCCTO and/or FANC loads.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of nano‐filled polypropylene dielectric films","authors":"Jia‐Long Zhang, Xi‐Hao Li","doi":"10.1002/pat.6534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6534","url":null,"abstract":"Modified copper calcium titanate (MCCTO) or functional activated carbon (FANC) particles were added to functional polypropylene (FPP) or heat‐treated polypropylene (HTFPP) matrix to improve the performance of FPP as dielectric films. By testing and characterizing the prepared FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>, FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>, FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>, HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>y</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> films, It is found that the dielectric constant and discharge energy density of each FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>, FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>, HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> films reach the maximum when the MCCTO and FANC loads are close to 8 and 6 wt% respectively. FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> and HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub> series films also obtain the maximum dielectric constant and discharge energy density at FANC load approaching 6 wt%. The discharge energy density of HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>86</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> film prepared properly is 3.2 J/cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, which is more than 3 times higher than that of FPP. When MCCTO and FANC loads are ≦8 and 6 wt% respectively, with the increase of additive content, More dense distribution of MCCTO and FANC was observed in FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>(or HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>y</jats:sub>), FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>(or HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>) and FPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>(or HTFPP<jats:sup>w</jats:sup><jats:sub>x</jats:sub>MCCTO<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>FANC<jats:sub>z</jats:sub>) series film sections. In this paper, we propose possible explanations for the apparent improvement in dielectric constant, discharge energy density and heat resistance of capacitive films after appropriate heat treatment or addition of appropriate MCCTO and/or FANC loads.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. D. Anyaogu, A. C. Nwanya, F. I. Ezema, P. M. Ejikeme
Gel polymer electrolytes were produced using cashew tree gum exudate dissolved in water with varying glycerol proportions and cast as films with different degrees of plasticization. The films' electrical, dielectric, and ion transport properties were measured using electrochemical impedance spectra. The films exhibited non‐Debye character manifesting a distribution of relaxation times. The conductivity of the films increased up to 10−6 Scm−1 at 10% glycerol content. The relaxation time and diffusion coefficient values varied from 6.48 × 10−3 to 3.9110−5 s and 9.89 × 10−8 to 1.81 × 10−3 cm2s−1, respectively. The ion mobility ranged from 3.79 × 10−13 to 6.98 × 10−9 cm2v−1 s−1, and the number density ranged from 1.74 × 1021 to 1.60 × 1023 cm−3. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis revealed the presence of several elements, primarily Ca, Ba, Na, and K. The constitution and morphology of the films were further examined using FTIR, and XRD, techniques.
{"title":"Cashew tree gum exudate as a biopolymer electrolyte: The influence of glycerol plasticization","authors":"I. D. Anyaogu, A. C. Nwanya, F. I. Ezema, P. M. Ejikeme","doi":"10.1002/pat.6535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6535","url":null,"abstract":"Gel polymer electrolytes were produced using cashew tree gum exudate dissolved in water with varying glycerol proportions and cast as films with different degrees of plasticization. The films' electrical, dielectric, and ion transport properties were measured using electrochemical impedance spectra. The films exhibited non‐Debye character manifesting a distribution of relaxation times. The conductivity of the films increased up to 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> Scm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 10% glycerol content. The relaxation time and diffusion coefficient values varied from 6.48 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> to 3.9110<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup> s and 9.89 × 10<jats:sup>−8</jats:sup> to 1.81 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. The ion mobility ranged from 3.79 × 10<jats:sup>−13</jats:sup> to 6.98 × 10<jats:sup>−9</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>v<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, and the number density ranged from 1.74 × 10<jats:sup>21</jats:sup> to 1.60 × 10<jats:sup>23</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis revealed the presence of several elements, primarily Ca, Ba, Na, and K. The constitution and morphology of the films were further examined using FTIR, and XRD, techniques.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) should be widely used as substrates in flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) owing to their unique advantages. However, the poor adhesion of LCPs to copper foils hinders their applications. Considering the good adhesion between polyimides and copper foils, imide groups have previously been introduced into the main chains of LCP molecules. In the present paper, to further enhance the adhesion of the LCPEIs, the 1‐hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole (HOAt) is used to terminate the main chains of LCPEI molecules, which arises from the excellent coordination interaction between the azabenzotriazole groups and copper ions. Thus, the liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (t‐LCPEI), carboxyl‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (c‐LCPEI), and azabenzotriazole‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (a‐LCPEI) were synthesized. The results showed that LCPEIs possessed liquid crystallinity, and the peel strength of a‐LCPEI film to copper foils was increased by about 140% and nearly 43%, respectively, compared to that of LCP and t‐LCPEI. Moreover, a‐LCPEI showed higher glass transition temperature (Tg = 211°C) than conventional LCP resins (Tg = 155°C, Vectra A), and excellent thermal properties. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant and loss of a‐LCPEI were as low as 3.04 and 9.7 × 10−3 at 10 GHz, respectively. These findings indicate that the azabenzotriazole‐terminated LCPEI is suitable to be used as the substrate material for high‐performance FCCL, and the work provides a feasible approach to enhance the adhesion and maintain the other outstanding properties of LCP.
{"title":"Synthesis of azabenzotriazole‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide)s for improving their adhesion to copper foils","authors":"Xiangyi Li, Yuanqin Guo, Shumei Liu, Jianqing Zhao","doi":"10.1002/pat.6555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6555","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) should be widely used as substrates in flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) owing to their unique advantages. However, the poor adhesion of LCPs to copper foils hinders their applications. Considering the good adhesion between polyimides and copper foils, imide groups have previously been introduced into the main chains of LCP molecules. In the present paper, to further enhance the adhesion of the LCPEIs, the 1‐hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole (HOAt) is used to terminate the main chains of LCPEI molecules, which arises from the excellent coordination interaction between the azabenzotriazole groups and copper ions. Thus, the liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (t‐LCPEI), carboxyl‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (c‐LCPEI), and azabenzotriazole‐terminated liquid crystal poly(ester imide) (a‐LCPEI) were synthesized. The results showed that LCPEIs possessed liquid crystallinity, and the peel strength of a‐LCPEI film to copper foils was increased by about 140% and nearly 43%, respectively, compared to that of LCP and t‐LCPEI. Moreover, a‐LCPEI showed higher glass transition temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>g</jats:italic></jats:sub> = 211°C) than conventional LCP resins (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>g</jats:italic></jats:sub> = 155°C, Vectra A), and excellent thermal properties. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant and loss of a‐LCPEI were as low as 3.04 and 9.7 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> at 10 GHz, respectively. These findings indicate that the azabenzotriazole‐terminated LCPEI is suitable to be used as the substrate material for high‐performance FCCL, and the work provides a feasible approach to enhance the adhesion and maintain the other outstanding properties of LCP.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahemi Nur Hidayah, Ahmad Ruzaidi Dania Adila, Ab Rahim Sharaniza, Amir Muhammad Abid, Mahat Mohd Muzamir
Biodegradable polymers are pivotal in tissue engineering, facilitating long‐term tissue reintegration and reducing the necessity for surgery. However, collagen, a crucial component of the extracellular matrix, encountered challenges due to its limited mechanical strength and rapid in‐vivo degradation. This study addresses these issues through crosslinking and functionalizing collagen with synthetic 4‐arm amine‐terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a semi‐interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The first goal is to enhance resistance to hydrolysis, thus extending the biodegradation rate. Then, to explore its electrical conductivity properties for certain applications like neural tissue regeneration. The hydrogels were fabricated using sequential IPN formation synthesis where their structural stability and type of degradation by‐products were confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Next, its mechanical and degradation properties investigations exhibit a 92% enhancement in hardness and a 90% retainment of its initial mass over time under physiological conditions. Additionally, the introduction of polypyrrole (PPy) via in‐situ polymerization increases its electrical conductivity, achieving a remarkable 104‐fold increase at a 0.75 M concentration, attributed to the interconnectivity of PPy chain networks within the three‐dimensional structure of IPN collagen/PEG hydrogel. The increased PPy concentration improves conductivity and reduces energy requirements for redox reactions, ensuring electrochemical stability as revealed by cyclic voltammetry analysis. The demonstrated structural and electrochemical stability of the semi‐IPN collagen/PEG/PPy hydrogel within a physiological environment through a facile sequential crosslinking method underscores its promising practical applications in enhancing clinical effectiveness.
{"title":"Sequentially crosslinked collagen‐based hydrogel to form a semi‐interpenetrating network for enhanced stability to hydrolytic degradation and electrochemical properties","authors":"Shahemi Nur Hidayah, Ahmad Ruzaidi Dania Adila, Ab Rahim Sharaniza, Amir Muhammad Abid, Mahat Mohd Muzamir","doi":"10.1002/pat.6546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6546","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable polymers are pivotal in tissue engineering, facilitating long‐term tissue reintegration and reducing the necessity for surgery. However, collagen, a crucial component of the extracellular matrix, encountered challenges due to its limited mechanical strength and rapid in‐vivo degradation. This study addresses these issues through crosslinking and functionalizing collagen with synthetic 4‐arm amine‐terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a semi‐interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The first goal is to enhance resistance to hydrolysis, thus extending the biodegradation rate. Then, to explore its electrical conductivity properties for certain applications like neural tissue regeneration. The hydrogels were fabricated using sequential IPN formation synthesis where their structural stability and type of degradation by‐products were confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Next, its mechanical and degradation properties investigations exhibit a 92% enhancement in hardness and a 90% retainment of its initial mass over time under physiological conditions. Additionally, the introduction of polypyrrole (PPy) via in‐situ polymerization increases its electrical conductivity, achieving a remarkable 10<jats:sup>4</jats:sup>‐fold increase at a 0.75 M concentration, attributed to the interconnectivity of PPy chain networks within the three‐dimensional structure of IPN collagen/PEG hydrogel. The increased PPy concentration improves conductivity and reduces energy requirements for redox reactions, ensuring electrochemical stability as revealed by cyclic voltammetry analysis. The demonstrated structural and electrochemical stability of the semi‐IPN collagen/PEG/PPy hydrogel within a physiological environment through a facile sequential crosslinking method underscores its promising practical applications in enhancing clinical effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yucong Ma, Yu Fu, Lei Xing, Aimin Wu, Tianjiao Wang, Yi Xu, Fangjie Wan, Xufeng Dong, Hao Huang
Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers have been developed to address the issue of poor low‐temperature resistance in fluorine rubber. Bi‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles have been prepared as a nano‐compatibilizer to enhance the cooperation of fluorine‐silicon heterogeneous rubbers and improve their compatibility. Research has demonstrated that the nano‐compatibilizer can reduce the interfacial energy between the two phases and facilitate void‐free dispersion of the phases. Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers with varying ratios have been synthesized to achieve a broad low‐temperature range, from −34 to −58°C. Additionally, the use of the nano‐compatibilizer enhances the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rubbers. This study presents a novel approach utilizing bi‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles to promote the cooperation of fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers, resulting in customizable low‐temperature resistance for applications in sealing and hose materials.
{"title":"Bi‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles induced cooperation of fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers with designable low‐temperature resistance","authors":"Yucong Ma, Yu Fu, Lei Xing, Aimin Wu, Tianjiao Wang, Yi Xu, Fangjie Wan, Xufeng Dong, Hao Huang","doi":"10.1002/pat.6544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6544","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers have been developed to address the issue of poor low‐temperature resistance in fluorine rubber. Bi‐functionalized SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles have been prepared as a nano‐compatibilizer to enhance the cooperation of fluorine‐silicon heterogeneous rubbers and improve their compatibility. Research has demonstrated that the nano‐compatibilizer can reduce the interfacial energy between the two phases and facilitate void‐free dispersion of the phases. Fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers with varying ratios have been synthesized to achieve a broad low‐temperature range, from −34 to −58°C. Additionally, the use of the nano‐compatibilizer enhances the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rubbers. This study presents a novel approach utilizing bi‐functionalized SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles to promote the cooperation of fluorine‐silicone heterogeneous rubbers, resulting in customizable low‐temperature resistance for applications in sealing and hose materials.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saurabh Bhatia, Muhammad Jawad, Sampath Chinnam, Ahmed Al‐Harrasi, Yasir Abbas Shah, Esra Koca, Levent Yurdaer Aydemir, Tanveer Alam, Syam Mohan, Khalid Zoghebi, Asaad Khalid
In this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of gelatin‐pectin‐based active films incorporated with Styrax benzoin oleo gum resin","authors":"Saurabh Bhatia, Muhammad Jawad, Sampath Chinnam, Ahmed Al‐Harrasi, Yasir Abbas Shah, Esra Koca, Levent Yurdaer Aydemir, Tanveer Alam, Syam Mohan, Khalid Zoghebi, Asaad Khalid","doi":"10.1002/pat.6539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6539","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, benzoin oleogum resin (BOGR) loaded antioxidant gelatin/pectin (GEPE) based films were developed and characterized for various parameters including mechanical, barrier, optical, film hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface roughness, chemical, thermal, morphological and antioxidant properties. The incorporation of BOGR decreased water solubility, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, water permeability, opacity, thickness, and water hydrophobicity were increased. Moreover, SEM and AFM analysis confirmed that the films loaded with BOGR showed heterogeneous and rougher surfaces in comparison to blank film. The intermolecular interactions between GEPE and BOGR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the prepared BOGR loaded films was improved. Additionally, antioxidant activities of the film were significantly increased with increase in concentration of BOGR as indicated by ABTS and DPPH assays. Our findings indicate that BOGR loaded composite films could be used as an active material for food packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Blanco‐López, Alejandro Marcos‐García, Álvaro González‐Garcinuño, Antonio Tabernero, Eva M. Martín del Valle
Alginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has to be previously modified to induce the proper interactions with a subsequent pH reduction. Specifically, stable coacervates (according to turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering) with a size of 300–600 nm and a polydispersion lower than 0.25 were obtained after preheating the gelatin at 37°C and with a subsequent pH reduction until 4–5 for an alginate–gelatin ratio between 1:4 and 1:6. However, different experimental conditions promote an unsuccessful coacervation, obtaining always precipitates and/or coacervates with a wider particle size distribution. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of the temperature on the coacervates, different cooling–heating cycles were applied on them over a week, showing the stability of the thermo‐reversible coacervates for almost 5 days. Also, the interactions were characterized via static light scattering, analyzing the second virial coefficient. Moreover, rheological oscillatory results can be used to identify a proper coacervation due to the increase of the storage modulus. However, no significant changes were observed with statistical analysis due to the highly diluted character of the precursor solutions. These results highlighted how a proper combination of different experimental conditions, mainly temperature to promote a partial gelatin unraveling as well as pH reduction, is required to successfully produce coacervates. Finally, salt effect was proven to induce precipitation when NaCl was increasingly added to solutions of stable coacervates.
{"title":"Exploring the effect of experimental conditions on the synthesis and stability of alginate–gelatin coacervates","authors":"Marcos Blanco‐López, Alejandro Marcos‐García, Álvaro González‐Garcinuño, Antonio Tabernero, Eva M. Martín del Valle","doi":"10.1002/pat.6554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6554","url":null,"abstract":"Alginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has to be previously modified to induce the proper interactions with a subsequent pH reduction. Specifically, stable coacervates (according to turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering) with a size of 300–600 nm and a polydispersion lower than 0.25 were obtained after preheating the gelatin at 37°C and with a subsequent pH reduction until 4–5 for an alginate–gelatin ratio between 1:4 and 1:6. However, different experimental conditions promote an unsuccessful coacervation, obtaining always precipitates and/or coacervates with a wider particle size distribution. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of the temperature on the coacervates, different cooling–heating cycles were applied on them over a week, showing the stability of the thermo‐reversible coacervates for almost 5 days. Also, the interactions were characterized via static light scattering, analyzing the second virial coefficient. Moreover, rheological oscillatory results can be used to identify a proper coacervation due to the increase of the storage modulus. However, no significant changes were observed with statistical analysis due to the highly diluted character of the precursor solutions. These results highlighted how a proper combination of different experimental conditions, mainly temperature to promote a partial gelatin unraveling as well as pH reduction, is required to successfully produce coacervates. Finally, salt effect was proven to induce precipitation when NaCl was increasingly added to solutions of stable coacervates.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao‐qin Feng, Yi Wang, Xun Dai, Xiao‐dong Liu, Yuan Liu
Flexible electronics are striving in modern society, and they impose harsh and urgent requirements for flexibility on electronic package substrates. However, traditional materials, including ceramics, metals, or polymers are lack of flexibility. Herein, a polyurethane named PU‐D1Q1VF1 is proposed via incorporating carefully selected biobased units and synergistic dynamic bonds, and the PU‐D1Q1VF1 not only meets the basic requirements of flexibility but also possesses properties of self‐heal, UV‐protection, reprocessability, and degradability. The polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) was employed as the soft segment, and the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS) and lignin derived model monomer hydroquinone were selected as chain extenders. Moreover, carefully synthesized bio‐based monomer (E)‐4‐(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenol (VF) was used as the capping agent, which could facilitate the self‐healing process of the PU‐D1Q1VF1.
{"title":"Toward flexible electronics: A novel polyurethane integrating self‐healing, UV‐protective, reprocessable, and degradable properties","authors":"Xiao‐qin Feng, Yi Wang, Xun Dai, Xiao‐dong Liu, Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6547","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible electronics are striving in modern society, and they impose harsh and urgent requirements for flexibility on electronic package substrates. However, traditional materials, including ceramics, metals, or polymers are lack of flexibility. Herein, a polyurethane named PU‐D1Q1VF1 is proposed via incorporating carefully selected biobased units and synergistic dynamic bonds, and the PU‐D1Q1VF1 not only meets the basic requirements of flexibility but also possesses properties of self‐heal, UV‐protection, reprocessability, and degradability. The polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) was employed as the soft segment, and the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS) and lignin derived model monomer hydroquinone were selected as chain extenders. Moreover, carefully synthesized bio‐based monomer (E)‐4‐(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenol (VF) was used as the capping agent, which could facilitate the self‐healing process of the PU‐D1Q1VF1.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Cheng, Yonghao Yang, Chen Zhang, Xuechun Dong, Jinbo Liu, Gensheng Wu, Gutian Zhao, Zhonghua Ni
Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) material has superior biocompatibility, degradability, and piezoelectricity, which have been chosen to fabricate electrospinning membranes to provide high surface area, porosity, and flexibility as applied in implantable medical devices. In this study, PLLA nanofiber membranes with adjustable performance were successfully prepared. The piezoelectricity, mechanical properties, and wettability could be tuned by the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐Dichloromethane (DCM) solution. The maximum output voltage of the PLLA nanofiber membranes could be adjusted from 0.28 to 0.55 V, and the breaking strength could vary in the range of 6.3–10.1 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation at break can be adjusted between 22% and 142%. In addition, the wettability of PLLA nanofiber membranes could be changed from hydrophobic state to hydrophilic state by surface treatment techniques. The excellent biocompatibility was further demonstrated by cell culture on hydrophilic membranes. These results implied that the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐DCM solutions could be an effective method to regulate characteristics of electrospinning membranes, which can provide more application possibilities for implantable medical devices.
{"title":"Fabrication of piezoelectric poly(l‐lactic acid) nanofiber membranes with controllable properties","authors":"Jie Cheng, Yonghao Yang, Chen Zhang, Xuechun Dong, Jinbo Liu, Gensheng Wu, Gutian Zhao, Zhonghua Ni","doi":"10.1002/pat.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6542","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) material has superior biocompatibility, degradability, and piezoelectricity, which have been chosen to fabricate electrospinning membranes to provide high surface area, porosity, and flexibility as applied in implantable medical devices. In this study, PLLA nanofiber membranes with adjustable performance were successfully prepared. The piezoelectricity, mechanical properties, and wettability could be tuned by the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐Dichloromethane (DCM) solution. The maximum output voltage of the PLLA nanofiber membranes could be adjusted from 0.28 to 0.55 V, and the breaking strength could vary in the range of 6.3–10.1 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation at break can be adjusted between 22% and 142%. In addition, the wettability of PLLA nanofiber membranes could be changed from hydrophobic state to hydrophilic state by surface treatment techniques. The excellent biocompatibility was further demonstrated by cell culture on hydrophilic membranes. These results implied that the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐DCM solutions could be an effective method to regulate characteristics of electrospinning membranes, which can provide more application possibilities for implantable medical devices.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahao Shi, Xuan Wang, Yuanjie Gao, Xiaorui Zhang, Ling Weng, Xue Sun
Due to the high‐power environments of electronic components, achieving the exceptional dielectric properties and mechanical behavior necessary for electronic packaging materials presents a significant challenge. In this study, a trifunctional maleimide (HTMI) was synthesized by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI trimer) with Maleic anhydride (MA), followed by the preparation of Bismaleimide (BMI) resin featuring a micro‐branching structure through its reaction with diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) ether and BMI. The intentionally designed micro‐branching structure resulted in an increase in the free volume within BMI, leading to an 8.8% reduction in the dielectric constant. Additionally, this micro‐branching architecture imparted superior mechanical properties to the BMI resin, as demonstrated by a 140% increase in bending strength and a 149% increase in impact strength of the cured product.
{"title":"Composition design and property investigation of bismaleimide by branched crosslinking structure with low dielectric permittivity and high toughness","authors":"Jiahao Shi, Xuan Wang, Yuanjie Gao, Xiaorui Zhang, Ling Weng, Xue Sun","doi":"10.1002/pat.6537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6537","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high‐power environments of electronic components, achieving the exceptional dielectric properties and mechanical behavior necessary for electronic packaging materials presents a significant challenge. In this study, a trifunctional maleimide (HTMI) was synthesized by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI trimer) with Maleic anhydride (MA), followed by the preparation of Bismaleimide (BMI) resin featuring a micro‐branching structure through its reaction with diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) ether and BMI. The intentionally designed micro‐branching structure resulted in an increase in the free volume within BMI, leading to an 8.8% reduction in the dielectric constant. Additionally, this micro‐branching architecture imparted superior mechanical properties to the BMI resin, as demonstrated by a 140% increase in bending strength and a 149% increase in impact strength of the cured product.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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