I. Kingstone Lesley Jabez, Urmila Das, Nakka Sudarshan, R. Sheena Rani, B. V. Paparao
Novel methodology introduced to incorporate peroxide in the rubber matrix led to successful development of peroxide cured EPDM insulation based on precipitated silica, a conventional filler. Effect of Silica Filler on the physical, mechanical, thermal, ablative properties and thermal degradation of such an insulation has been recently published. As an outcome of above study, peroxide cured EPDM insulation with 25 PHR of Silica, has been promulgated as potential low density insulation meeting all the requirements of Large Rocket Motor, while having a density as low as 0.997 g/cm3 and Tg as low as −55°C. Effect of aging on mechanical, thermal properties and thermal degradation behavior of low density peroxide cured EPDM insulation has been studied and the findings have been corroborated by FTIR Spectroscopy and morphological Examination by SEM.
{"title":"Age resistant low density peroxide cured EPDM rubber insulation for large rocket motors","authors":"I. Kingstone Lesley Jabez, Urmila Das, Nakka Sudarshan, R. Sheena Rani, B. V. Paparao","doi":"10.1002/pat.6585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6585","url":null,"abstract":"Novel methodology introduced to incorporate peroxide in the rubber matrix led to successful development of peroxide cured EPDM insulation based on precipitated silica, a conventional filler. Effect of Silica Filler on the physical, mechanical, thermal, ablative properties and thermal degradation of such an insulation has been recently published. As an outcome of above study, peroxide cured EPDM insulation with 25 PHR of Silica, has been promulgated as potential low density insulation meeting all the requirements of Large Rocket Motor, while having a density as low as 0.997 g/cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>g</jats:sub> as low as −55°C. Effect of aging on mechanical, thermal properties and thermal degradation behavior of low density peroxide cured EPDM insulation has been studied and the findings have been corroborated by FTIR Spectroscopy and morphological Examination by SEM.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the preparation, hydrogel kinetics, and mechanical analysis of Boron Nitride (BN) reinforced PVA/PVP/PEO‐BN hydrogel composite films using Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and Polyethylene oxide (PEO) commercial polymers. Dynamic mechanical analysis tests reveal that PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN composite films exhibit plastic‐viscoelastic behavior under a maximum force of 18 N. The Young's Modulus values for PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%10, and PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20 are 0.22, 0.32, and 0.44 MPa, respectively. The highest % Strain value is observed in PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20, reaching 279.80%. In the hydrogel kinetics study, Schott's and Fickian models are utilized. The regression from the Fickian model is quite low, with exponential diffusion index, n, values lower than 0.5, indicating a classical Fickian water diffusion mechanism. Schott's model provides graphs with significantly higher regression compared to the Fickian model. The results indicate compatibility with the other model and confirm the presence of water‐based diffusion. Equilibrium swelling values (Se, g H2O/g gel) are 6.71, 7.03, and 7.91 for PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%10, and PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis results show that the glass transition temperatures, Tg, are 52.37, 60.20, and 63.05°C for PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%10, and PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20, respectively.
{"title":"Preparation, mechanical analysis and investigation of swelling behavior of boron nitride reinforced hydrogel polymer composite films","authors":"Fehmi Saltan","doi":"10.1002/pat.6588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6588","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the preparation, hydrogel kinetics, and mechanical analysis of Boron Nitride (BN) reinforced PVA/PVP/PEO‐BN hydrogel composite films using Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and Polyethylene oxide (PEO) commercial polymers. Dynamic mechanical analysis tests reveal that PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN composite films exhibit plastic‐viscoelastic behavior under a maximum force of 18 N. The Young's Modulus values for PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>, PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%10</jats:sub>, and PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%20</jats:sub> are 0.22, 0.32, and 0.44 MPa, respectively. The highest % Strain value is observed in PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%20</jats:sub>, reaching 279.80%. In the hydrogel kinetics study, Schott's and Fickian models are utilized. The regression from the Fickian model is quite low, with exponential diffusion index, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>, values lower than 0.5, indicating a classical Fickian water diffusion mechanism. Schott's model provides graphs with significantly higher regression compared to the Fickian model. The results indicate compatibility with the other model and confirm the presence of water‐based diffusion. Equilibrium swelling values (Se, g H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O/g gel) are 6.71, 7.03, and 7.91 for PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>, PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>, PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%10</jats:sub>, and PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%20</jats:sub>, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis results show that the glass transition temperatures, Tg, are 52.37, 60.20, and 63.05°C for PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>, PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%10</jats:sub>, and PVA<jats:sub>90</jats:sub>PEO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>PVP<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>‐BN<jats:sub>%20</jats:sub>, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenolic‐type phthalonitrile (PN) was added to EP/DDM system in order to enhance the thermal and mechanical performance at high temperature. The influence of the added PN on the curing process of EP/DDM was studied via DSC and the activating energy (Eα) was calculated based on iso‐conversional method. The Eα values corresponding to EP/DDM crosslink reaction remained at about 60 kJ mol−1 while it dramatically increased to 68.2 kJ mol−1 when PN content reached 50 wt% (EP‐PN50). The Tg and char yield at 700°C in N2 increased from141°C, 25.7%, for the neat EP/DDM to 226°C, 68.7% for the EP‐PN50. The measured char yields of the cured blend were higher than the calculated values which implies the interaction between EP/DDM and polyphthalonitrile network. The tensile and bending tests were carried out at 413 K and the modulus of EP‐PN50 remains 2.3 Gpa. On the meantime, the cyano‐functionalized SiO2 (CNSiO2) was prepared to further promote the mechanical behaviors of this resin blend in high temperature. The contact angles of raw SiO2, KH560SiO2, CNSiO2 with EP‐PN50 are 59.3, 52.6, 49.7°, respectively, which confirms the better wettability of CNSiO2 to the EP/PN blend. Furthermore, the tensile and bending tests conducted at 413 K confirmed that the CNSiO2 was more efficient on enhancing the mechanical performance of this EP/DDM/PN system at high temperature.
{"title":"Promotion on the thermal and mechanical behaviors of epoxy resin using phthalonitrile and functionalized‐SiO2","authors":"Shouhui Wu, Cong Peng, Zhanjun Wua","doi":"10.1002/pat.6579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6579","url":null,"abstract":"The phenolic‐type phthalonitrile (PN) was added to EP/DDM system in order to enhance the thermal and mechanical performance at high temperature. The influence of the added PN on the curing process of EP/DDM was studied via DSC and the activating energy (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>α</jats:sub>) was calculated based on iso‐conversional method. The <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>α</jats:sub> values corresponding to EP/DDM crosslink reaction remained at about 60 kJ mol<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> while it dramatically increased to 68.2 kJ mol<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> when PN content reached 50 wt% (EP‐PN50). The <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>g</jats:sub> and char yield at 700°C in N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increased from141°C, 25.7%, for the neat EP/DDM to 226°C, 68.7% for the EP‐PN50. The measured char yields of the cured blend were higher than the calculated values which implies the interaction between EP/DDM and polyphthalonitrile network. The tensile and bending tests were carried out at 413 K and the modulus of EP‐PN50 remains 2.3 Gpa. On the meantime, the cyano‐functionalized SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (CNSiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) was prepared to further promote the mechanical behaviors of this resin blend in high temperature. The contact angles of raw SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, KH560SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, CNSiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> with EP‐PN50 are 59.3, 52.6, 49.7°, respectively, which confirms the better wettability of CNSiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to the EP/PN blend. Furthermore, the tensile and bending tests conducted at 413 K confirmed that the CNSiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was more efficient on enhancing the mechanical performance of this EP/DDM/PN system at high temperature.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaoen Jin, Lei Wang, Huamei Zhu, Fan Wang, Yaping Zhu, Huimin Qi
Silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin (PSA)‐matrix composites hold great potential for aerospace applications due to their excellent heat resistance. In recent years, many PSAs with specific functions have been designed via materials genome approach (MGA), and appropriate resin transfer molding (RTM) curing processes need to be screened to strike a balance between low cost and high quality. In this study, a novel tool based on finite element curing simulation and multiobjective genetic algorithm was developed to optimize the RTM curing process for novel PSA‐matrix composites. The silicon‐containing fluorenylacetylene resin (PSA‐VBF) was selected as the object to systematically characterize its apparent curing kinetics. To address the problem of explosive polymerization of the resin at the injection port during the RTM process, a multiobjective optimization of the curing process using a genetic algorithm was performed to obtain the Pareto front with the maximum temperature gradient at the injection port of the resin, the maximum degree of cure gradient of the composites, and the process time as the objectives. A global sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the key parameters. The results demonstrate that the optimized curing process can significantly reduce the temperature gradient and the curing degree gradient with improved curing efficiency.
{"title":"Multiobjective optimization of resin transfer molding curing process for silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin‐matrix composites","authors":"Chaoen Jin, Lei Wang, Huamei Zhu, Fan Wang, Yaping Zhu, Huimin Qi","doi":"10.1002/pat.6586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6586","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin (PSA)‐matrix composites hold great potential for aerospace applications due to their excellent heat resistance. In recent years, many PSAs with specific functions have been designed via materials genome approach (MGA), and appropriate resin transfer molding (RTM) curing processes need to be screened to strike a balance between low cost and high quality. In this study, a novel tool based on finite element curing simulation and multiobjective genetic algorithm was developed to optimize the RTM curing process for novel PSA‐matrix composites. The silicon‐containing fluorenylacetylene resin (PSA‐VBF) was selected as the object to systematically characterize its apparent curing kinetics. To address the problem of explosive polymerization of the resin at the injection port during the RTM process, a multiobjective optimization of the curing process using a genetic algorithm was performed to obtain the Pareto front with the maximum temperature gradient at the injection port of the resin, the maximum degree of cure gradient of the composites, and the process time as the objectives. A global sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the key parameters. The results demonstrate that the optimized curing process can significantly reduce the temperature gradient and the curing degree gradient with improved curing efficiency.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Superhydrophobic coatings have been used to solve the problems of oil spills polluting water sources and water resource shortages. However, the short service life of superhydrophobic coatings limit their widely application. In this work, a novel fluorine‐free, self‐healing, and superhydrophobic coating composing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polydopamine (PDA) modified halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and beeswax (BW) are fabricated for oil/water separation as well as fog‐water collection. Herein, PDA stabilizes the dispersion of HNT in the coating, and meanwhile enhances the adhesion of modified nanoparticles on fabric surfaces. The as‐fabricated coatings occupied a water contact angle of 163.1°, demonstrating exceptional superhydrophobic characteristics. The superhydrophobic coating exhibited superior oil/water separation efficiency of over 99.5% and outstanding fog‐water collection rate of 990 ~ 1208 mg cm−2 h−1. Owing to the presence of BW, the coatings demonstrated remarkable self‐healing properties and can regain superhydrophobicity after 100 wear cycles with just a short heating treatment. Therefore, this facile strategy has great potential for large‐scale manufacturing of multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings.
{"title":"Fluorine‐free, self‐healing, and superhydrophobic coating for efficient oil/water separation and fog‐water collection","authors":"Yuzhu Hu, Meng Zhou, Xinya Zhang, Heqing Fu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6584","url":null,"abstract":"Superhydrophobic coatings have been used to solve the problems of oil spills polluting water sources and water resource shortages. However, the short service life of superhydrophobic coatings limit their widely application. In this work, a novel fluorine‐free, self‐healing, and superhydrophobic coating composing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polydopamine (PDA) modified halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and beeswax (BW) are fabricated for oil/water separation as well as fog‐water collection. Herein, PDA stabilizes the dispersion of HNT in the coating, and meanwhile enhances the adhesion of modified nanoparticles on fabric surfaces. The as‐fabricated coatings occupied a water contact angle of 163.1°, demonstrating exceptional superhydrophobic characteristics. The superhydrophobic coating exhibited superior oil/water separation efficiency of over 99.5% and outstanding fog‐water collection rate of 990 ~ 1208 mg cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Owing to the presence of BW, the coatings demonstrated remarkable self‐healing properties and can regain superhydrophobicity after 100 wear cycles with just a short heating treatment. Therefore, this facile strategy has great potential for large‐scale manufacturing of multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiming at achieving low‐frequency and broadband sound absorption under the premise of light and thin layers, in this paper, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofiber membranes were micro‐perforated and then combined sequentially to prepare multi‐layer micro‐perforated nanofiber membrane (MPNM) for acoustic noise reduction. It was demonstrated that the multi‐layer MPNM exhibited a high absorption (constantly over 50%) in the frequency of 480–2500 Hz. In addition, the established theoretical model of the sound absorbing coefficient can accurately predict the sound absorption performance of the structure with different layers, which can provide a theoretical foundation for the design of the structure of the nanofibrous membrane acoustic absorber. Based on the proposed acoustic model, the relationships between the absorption properties and the parameters were investigated, and it was found that the effective acoustic absorption frequency range and acoustic absorption coefficient curve of the multi‐layer MPNM were closely related to the size and arrangement of hole diameter, perforation rate, fiber membrane thickness, and cavity depth. Optimization of the structural parameters utilizing algorithms can achieve superior sound absorption performance, with an average absorption coefficient of 0.81 in the frequency of 100–2500 Hz. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of low‐frequency sound‐absorbing materials and is of great significance for optimizing the acoustic performance of nanofiber membranes and expanding their applications in various acoustic engineering applications.
{"title":"Sound absorption properties and mechanism of multi‐layer micro‐perforated nanofiber membrane","authors":"Xiaofei Shao, Xiong Yan","doi":"10.1002/pat.6583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6583","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at achieving low‐frequency and broadband sound absorption under the premise of light and thin layers, in this paper, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofiber membranes were micro‐perforated and then combined sequentially to prepare multi‐layer micro‐perforated nanofiber membrane (MPNM) for acoustic noise reduction. It was demonstrated that the multi‐layer MPNM exhibited a high absorption (constantly over 50%) in the frequency of 480–2500 Hz. In addition, the established theoretical model of the sound absorbing coefficient can accurately predict the sound absorption performance of the structure with different layers, which can provide a theoretical foundation for the design of the structure of the nanofibrous membrane acoustic absorber. Based on the proposed acoustic model, the relationships between the absorption properties and the parameters were investigated, and it was found that the effective acoustic absorption frequency range and acoustic absorption coefficient curve of the multi‐layer MPNM were closely related to the size and arrangement of hole diameter, perforation rate, fiber membrane thickness, and cavity depth. Optimization of the structural parameters utilizing algorithms can achieve superior sound absorption performance, with an average absorption coefficient of 0.81 in the frequency of 100–2500 Hz. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of low‐frequency sound‐absorbing materials and is of great significance for optimizing the acoustic performance of nanofiber membranes and expanding their applications in various acoustic engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction of flexible circuits is a crucial and challenging aspect in the design and fabrication of fabric‐based flexible electronics, which hold significant potential for various applications. In this study, we successfully developed high‐precision and durable fabric‐based flexible circuits by ingeniously combining ultraviolet light (UV)‐curing technology with chemical plating. Specifically, a UV coating containing Ag/Fe3O4 catalysts was applied onto polyester fabric surface, followed by printing the designed circuit structure diagram onto the fabric using UV light‐directed curing of the coating, and fabric‐based flexible circuits were then fabricated through chemical plating process. The fabric‐based flexible circuits exhibit only minimal increases in resistance following durability testing, including bending (8000 times), abrasion (2000 times), high and low temperature stability (−30 to 60°C), and high temperature/humidity stability (65°C, RH = 95%, 48 h), which remains consistently stable. This developed technology holds immense potential across various applications for smart wearable devices.
{"title":"Ultraviolet curing technology plus chemical copper plating: A novel method for producing highly durable fabric‐based flexible circuit","authors":"Maojiang Zhang, Kexin Cui, Xinwei Zhang, Jinghua Wang, Minglei Wang, Yanfu Wu, Chunlei Dong, Jie Gan, Jiangtao Hu, Guozhong Wu","doi":"10.1002/pat.6563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6563","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of flexible circuits is a crucial and challenging aspect in the design and fabrication of fabric‐based flexible electronics, which hold significant potential for various applications. In this study, we successfully developed high‐precision and durable fabric‐based flexible circuits by ingeniously combining ultraviolet light (UV)‐curing technology with chemical plating. Specifically, a UV coating containing Ag/Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> catalysts was applied onto polyester fabric surface, followed by printing the designed circuit structure diagram onto the fabric using UV light‐directed curing of the coating, and fabric‐based flexible circuits were then fabricated through chemical plating process. The fabric‐based flexible circuits exhibit only minimal increases in resistance following durability testing, including bending (8000 times), abrasion (2000 times), high and low temperature stability (−30 to 60°C), and high temperature/humidity stability (65°C, RH = 95%, 48 h), which remains consistently stable. This developed technology holds immense potential across various applications for smart wearable devices.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three‐dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), is rapidly advancing, allowing for the creation of objects from a digital model through the successive addition of materials. Among the AM techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) emerges as one of the most promising and extensively utilized methods. However, the inherent mechanical shortcomings of the deposition of pure thermoplastic materials necessitate the improvement of mechanical properties. One viable approach involves integrating reinforcing fibers into the thermoplastic matrix to create polymer composites suitable for structural applications. In this study, the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) reinforced with short glass fibers (SGFs) printed by FDM were investigated. The aim was to explore the impact of process parameters, including nozzle temperature, number of shells, and print speed, on the tensile properties and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). Composite filament with 10% weight fraction (10 wt%) of glass fiber fabricated. Also, the mechanical properties of the composite and pure polymer were investigated. The length of the fibers was measured after the extrusion and printing process, revealing that they had been damaged. The shells exerted the most significant influence on test outcomes.
{"title":"Effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed short glass fiber/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites","authors":"Moein Rahmati, Abbas Zolfaghari","doi":"10.1002/pat.6576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6576","url":null,"abstract":"Three‐dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), is rapidly advancing, allowing for the creation of objects from a digital model through the successive addition of materials. Among the AM techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) emerges as one of the most promising and extensively utilized methods. However, the inherent mechanical shortcomings of the deposition of pure thermoplastic materials necessitate the improvement of mechanical properties. One viable approach involves integrating reinforcing fibers into the thermoplastic matrix to create polymer composites suitable for structural applications. In this study, the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) reinforced with short glass fibers (SGFs) printed by FDM were investigated. The aim was to explore the impact of process parameters, including nozzle temperature, number of shells, and print speed, on the tensile properties and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). Composite filament with 10% weight fraction (10 wt%) of glass fiber fabricated. Also, the mechanical properties of the composite and pure polymer were investigated. The length of the fibers was measured after the extrusion and printing process, revealing that they had been damaged. The shells exerted the most significant influence on test outcomes.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel thermoplastic elastomer, kernel resin (KN), α‐nucleating agent (HPN), and β‐nucleating agent (DCHT), which acted as toughener and nucleating agents (NAs), were used to improve the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene (PP). The impact strength of the PP/KN blends increased significantly with increase in KN concentration. Surprisingly, the impact strength of PP/KN/NA blends improved further upon addition of NA. The toughening effect of DCHT was stronger than that of HPN. The maximum impact strength of PP/KN/DCHT blend reached 69.2 kJ/m2 when the DCHT content was 0.05%, which was six times higher than that of neat PP. The SEM images of fractured surfaces of the blends showed a change from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. Moreover, the WAXD results showed that the incorporation of HPN promoted the formation of the α form of crystalline PP. Addition of DCHT induced the generation of α‐β crystal transition of PP. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry showed that the crystallizability and the overall crystallization rate of PP were enhanced by the addition of KN and NA. The half‐crystallization time of PP at 128°C decreased from 5.52 (neat PP) to 0.34 min (PP/KN/DCHT‐0.3).
{"title":"Synergistic toughening effects of elastomer toughener and nucleating agent on mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of polypropylene","authors":"Ziwen Yin, Deyu Wei, Qing Lin, Hanlin Tian, Jinshuo Yu, Yanbo Li, Huiwen Deng, Zepeng Wang, Hongwei Pan, Yan Zhao, Huiliang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pat.6578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6578","url":null,"abstract":"A novel thermoplastic elastomer, kernel resin (KN), α‐nucleating agent (HPN), and β‐nucleating agent (DCHT), which acted as toughener and nucleating agents (NAs), were used to improve the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene (PP). The impact strength of the PP/KN blends increased significantly with increase in KN concentration. Surprisingly, the impact strength of PP/KN/NA blends improved further upon addition of NA. The toughening effect of DCHT was stronger than that of HPN. The maximum impact strength of PP/KN/DCHT blend reached 69.2 kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> when the DCHT content was 0.05%, which was six times higher than that of neat PP. The SEM images of fractured surfaces of the blends showed a change from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. Moreover, the WAXD results showed that the incorporation of HPN promoted the formation of the α form of crystalline PP. Addition of DCHT induced the generation of α‐β crystal transition of PP. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry showed that the crystallizability and the overall crystallization rate of PP were enhanced by the addition of KN and NA. The half‐crystallization time of PP at 128°C decreased from 5.52 (neat PP) to 0.34 min (PP/KN/DCHT‐0.3).","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiaoling Huang, Yuanyuan Feng, Xinming Dai, Shuang Guo, Shuning Ma, Amir A. Abdelsalam, Sensen Han
Wearable sensors based on nanomaterials have recently elicited keen research interest and potential for a new range of flexible devices. This paper presents a simple method for the preparation of laser‐induced porous graphene (LIG) and discusses its application in monitoring human vital signs. LIG formed on a polyimide (PI)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite material exhibits inherent high stretchability (over 30%), eliminating the need for transfer processes used in LIG prepared by laser scribing on PI films. LIG/CuSO4 composite materials, with different concentrations of Cu particles, show tunable mechanical and electronic properties based on laser‐induced graphene. The fabricated LIG demonstrates good cyclic stability and a nearly linear resistance response to tensile strain, making it suitable for wearable electronic devices, the maximum strain value and linear response to applied strain from 3% to 79%. The sensor exhibits a fast response time and high sensitivity, enabling real‐time detection of human pulse, joint motion, and complex dynamics. The multifunctionality advantages of LIG flexible sensor offer potential applications in next‐generation wearable electronics.
基于纳米材料的可穿戴传感器近来引起了研究人员的浓厚兴趣，并有望成为一系列新的柔性设备。本文介绍了一种制备激光诱导多孔石墨烯（LIG）的简单方法，并讨论了其在监测人体生命体征方面的应用。在聚酰亚胺（PI）/聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）复合材料上形成的石墨烯具有固有的高伸展性（超过 30%），无需在 PI 薄膜上通过激光划线制备石墨烯时使用的转移工艺。在激光诱导石墨烯的基础上，含有不同浓度铜颗粒的 LIG/CuSO4 复合材料显示出可调的机械和电子特性。所制造的 LIG 具有良好的循环稳定性，对拉伸应变的电阻响应接近线性，因此适用于可穿戴电子设备，其最大应变值和对施加应变的线性响应范围为 3% 至 79%。该传感器响应速度快、灵敏度高，可对人体脉搏、关节运动和复杂动态进行实时检测。LIG 柔性传感器的多功能优势为下一代可穿戴电子设备提供了潜在应用。
{"title":"Multifunctional strain sensor with adjustable conductive network for wearable applications","authors":"Qiaoling Huang, Yuanyuan Feng, Xinming Dai, Shuang Guo, Shuning Ma, Amir A. Abdelsalam, Sensen Han","doi":"10.1002/pat.6577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6577","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable sensors based on nanomaterials have recently elicited keen research interest and potential for a new range of flexible devices. This paper presents a simple method for the preparation of laser‐induced porous graphene (LIG) and discusses its application in monitoring human vital signs. LIG formed on a polyimide (PI)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite material exhibits inherent high stretchability (over 30%), eliminating the need for transfer processes used in LIG prepared by laser scribing on PI films. LIG/CuSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> composite materials, with different concentrations of Cu particles, show tunable mechanical and electronic properties based on laser‐induced graphene. The fabricated LIG demonstrates good cyclic stability and a nearly linear resistance response to tensile strain, making it suitable for wearable electronic devices, the maximum strain value and linear response to applied strain from 3% to 79%. The sensor exhibits a fast response time and high sensitivity, enabling real‐time detection of human pulse, joint motion, and complex dynamics. The multifunctionality advantages of LIG flexible sensor offer potential applications in next‐generation wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":20382,"journal":{"name":"Polymers for Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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