Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2297445
Siqi Xie, Ning Luo, Masaru Yarime
{"title":"Data governance for smart cities in China: the case of Shenzhen","authors":"Siqi Xie, Ning Luo, Masaru Yarime","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2297445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2297445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2293338
A. Krogh
{"title":"Policy labs on the fringes: boundary-spanning strategies for enhancing innovation uptake","authors":"A. Krogh","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2293338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2293338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138977199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2272377
Judith Clifton, Marcos Fernández-Gutiérrez, Diego Cagigas
Abstract The last few years have seen considerable hype around blockchain technology, as well as promises about what it might offer to society, and its challenges to policymakers. Beyond this hype, what is known about the uses of blockchain in government? What can we learn from actual uses of blockchain for public policy? A recent review of the literature on blockchain concluded that the overwhelming majority of studies are still theoretical, and that empirical data on real applications of blockchain are only just starting to emerge. In this light, this Special Issue brings together papers that include insights into actual experiences of blockchain in government, focusing on questions such as blockchain's real benefits, costs and risks, and public policy responses. All the papers included go beyond a purely theoretical approach to blockchain and offer some insight into what we know - or do not know - about the reality of blockchain in government. Papers deal with blockchain technologies implemented in different countries, at distinct levels of government, and in various sectors. In all cases, an effort is made to extract findings and conclusions towards the challenge of thinking about how best policy can be designed and applied to make the best, and minimising the risks and costs, of this new, disruptive technology.
{"title":"Beyond the hype—the <i>actual</i> use of blockchain in government","authors":"Judith Clifton, Marcos Fernández-Gutiérrez, Diego Cagigas","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2272377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2272377","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The last few years have seen considerable hype around blockchain technology, as well as promises about what it might offer to society, and its challenges to policymakers. Beyond this hype, what is known about the uses of blockchain in government? What can we learn from actual uses of blockchain for public policy? A recent review of the literature on blockchain concluded that the overwhelming majority of studies are still theoretical, and that empirical data on real applications of blockchain are only just starting to emerge. In this light, this Special Issue brings together papers that include insights into actual experiences of blockchain in government, focusing on questions such as blockchain's real benefits, costs and risks, and public policy responses. All the papers included go beyond a purely theoretical approach to blockchain and offer some insight into what we know - or do not know - about the reality of blockchain in government. Papers deal with blockchain technologies implemented in different countries, at distinct levels of government, and in various sectors. In all cases, an effort is made to extract findings and conclusions towards the challenge of thinking about how best policy can be designed and applied to make the best, and minimising the risks and costs, of this new, disruptive technology.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"7 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2272332
Gert Meyers, Charlotte C. K. Van Oirsouw, Esther L. O. Keymolen, Jurgen Goossens
Blockchain is a highly hyped technology, with many announced “use cases.” What happens, however, after the “announcement”? How—if at all—are blockchain applications further developed? This article deploys an interdisciplinary approach to study the development of blockchain projects in government. It focuses on the moment after the use cases are announced, but before their implementation. This interdisciplinary approach facilitates the investigation of the operationalization of rule of law values, such as transparency, legitimacy, and accountability. Instead of reporting on use cases, we conduct case studies to analyze the actual development and implementation of blockchain projects after the “announcement.” Studying innovation during the development process provides valuable insights into the development of blockchain applications in government.
{"title":"After the announcement: an interdisciplinary analysis of blockchain development in governments","authors":"Gert Meyers, Charlotte C. K. Van Oirsouw, Esther L. O. Keymolen, Jurgen Goossens","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2272332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2272332","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is a highly hyped technology, with many announced “use cases.” What happens, however, after the “announcement”? How—if at all—are blockchain applications further developed? This article deploys an interdisciplinary approach to study the development of blockchain projects in government. It focuses on the moment after the use cases are announced, but before their implementation. This interdisciplinary approach facilitates the investigation of the operationalization of rule of law values, such as transparency, legitimacy, and accountability. Instead of reporting on use cases, we conduct case studies to analyze the actual development and implementation of blockchain projects after the “announcement.” Studying innovation during the development process provides valuable insights into the development of blockchain applications in government.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"31 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2270220
Olivier Rikken, Marijn Janssen, Zenlin Kwee
The rapid rise in blockchain-based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) offers policy-makers and decision-makers new opportunities to automatically execute decisions and processes that help enhance transparency, accountability, participation and trust. Yet, many DAOs have a limited lifespan. There is little empirical evidence of the effect of governance elements on the viability of DAOs. Using 220 on-chain governed DAOs, this paper analyses how governance elements (accountability, decision/voting, and incentives) influence the viability of DAOs in the long-term. The findings show that DAOs without weighted decision-making and without incentive structures are more viable than those with weighted decision power and incentive mechanisms. This suggests that financial and share-like DAO governance elements do not or may even negatively contribute to the long-term viability of DAOs. Also, voting power distribution is found to have a statistically significant influence on DAOs’ viability. We further propose a preliminary theory that relates governance elements to the long-term viability of DAOs. These insights will help policy-makers in designing more viable DAOs. Future research should investigate how DAO objectives, the chosen deployment infrastructure and the type of users can impact the long-term viability of DAOs.
{"title":"Governance impacts of blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organizations: an empirical analysis","authors":"Olivier Rikken, Marijn Janssen, Zenlin Kwee","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2270220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2270220","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid rise in blockchain-based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) offers policy-makers and decision-makers new opportunities to automatically execute decisions and processes that help enhance transparency, accountability, participation and trust. Yet, many DAOs have a limited lifespan. There is little empirical evidence of the effect of governance elements on the viability of DAOs. Using 220 on-chain governed DAOs, this paper analyses how governance elements (accountability, decision/voting, and incentives) influence the viability of DAOs in the long-term. The findings show that DAOs without weighted decision-making and without incentive structures are more viable than those with weighted decision power and incentive mechanisms. This suggests that financial and share-like DAO governance elements do not or may even negatively contribute to the long-term viability of DAOs. Also, voting power distribution is found to have a statistically significant influence on DAOs’ viability. We further propose a preliminary theory that relates governance elements to the long-term viability of DAOs. These insights will help policy-makers in designing more viable DAOs. Future research should investigate how DAO objectives, the chosen deployment infrastructure and the type of users can impact the long-term viability of DAOs.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2267864
Maria José Sousa
Blockchain architecture, originally designed for Bitcoin, has revolutionized finance through decentralized transactions and secured data management. It has been utilized to maintain private citizen records, allowing data owners to grant access via the blockchain for direct communication. Despite its potential, this technology remains relatively unexplored by both citizens and the public sector. By carrying out a thorough literature review, this article aims to shed light on this field. The research focus encompasses two key elements: (1) analyzing blockchain dimensions and (2) exploring its transformative impact on the public sector. The methodology involves an extensive meta-analysis of existing research on blockchain’s analytical aspects and its role in reshaping public administration. Additionally, a questionnaire is administered to Information Technologies (IT) experts in public services, comparing their perceptions with established scientific studies. The research’s core findings address various analysis dimensions, including regulatory risks, data management challenges, privacy concerns, and technological limitations. On the transformation front, organizations adopting blockchain technology anticipate enhanced networked services, fortified data security, operational efficiency, informed decision-making, and novel public services. The potential of blockchain to drive innovative services and safeguard data is widely acknowledged, yet organizations with blockchain are cautiously optimistic about its practical implications compared to those without.
{"title":"Blockchain as a driver for transformations in the public sector","authors":"Maria José Sousa","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2267864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2267864","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain architecture, originally designed for Bitcoin, has revolutionized finance through decentralized transactions and secured data management. It has been utilized to maintain private citizen records, allowing data owners to grant access via the blockchain for direct communication. Despite its potential, this technology remains relatively unexplored by both citizens and the public sector. By carrying out a thorough literature review, this article aims to shed light on this field. The research focus encompasses two key elements: (1) analyzing blockchain dimensions and (2) exploring its transformative impact on the public sector. The methodology involves an extensive meta-analysis of existing research on blockchain’s analytical aspects and its role in reshaping public administration. Additionally, a questionnaire is administered to Information Technologies (IT) experts in public services, comparing their perceptions with established scientific studies. The research’s core findings address various analysis dimensions, including regulatory risks, data management challenges, privacy concerns, and technological limitations. On the transformation front, organizations adopting blockchain technology anticipate enhanced networked services, fortified data security, operational efficiency, informed decision-making, and novel public services. The potential of blockchain to drive innovative services and safeguard data is widely acknowledged, yet organizations with blockchain are cautiously optimistic about its practical implications compared to those without.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2267867
Clare Sullivan, Scott Tyson
This paper chronicals the emergence of digital identity as a legal concept, how digital identity has grown in importance at the national level over the past decades and is now poised to become even more important internationally. This work builds on existing scholarship, to consider the next evolution of digital identity from what is now essentially a national concept into a global, legal concept. The examination looks to the likely emergence of a global digital identity for individuals in the near future and asks how that could be achieved. The authors examine the use of blockchain technology as a possible foundation of a global digital identity, along with the necessary development of existing international law on individual rights to support a global digital identity for all. Blockchain is viewed as relatively more secure and it enables individuals to have more control over how their identity information is managed and used. Blockchain’s traceability provides advantages for government and the private sector in managing and verifying identity. It aids the integrity of identity information and related transactions. However, it is important to note that, while blockchain has advantages, its relative immutability can lead to the creation and use of false digital identities that cannot be easily detected or corrected. As this paper discusses, this aspect can undermine the integrity and reliability of digital identity nationally and internationally. Given that blockchain technology is fallible, the authors argue that international law has a vital role now and in the future in recognizing the right to digital identity and establishing norms of conduct.
{"title":"A global digital identity for all: the next evolution","authors":"Clare Sullivan, Scott Tyson","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2267867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2267867","url":null,"abstract":"This paper chronicals the emergence of digital identity as a legal concept, how digital identity has grown in importance at the national level over the past decades and is now poised to become even more important internationally. This work builds on existing scholarship, to consider the next evolution of digital identity from what is now essentially a national concept into a global, legal concept. The examination looks to the likely emergence of a global digital identity for individuals in the near future and asks how that could be achieved. The authors examine the use of blockchain technology as a possible foundation of a global digital identity, along with the necessary development of existing international law on individual rights to support a global digital identity for all. Blockchain is viewed as relatively more secure and it enables individuals to have more control over how their identity information is managed and used. Blockchain’s traceability provides advantages for government and the private sector in managing and verifying identity. It aids the integrity of identity information and related transactions. However, it is important to note that, while blockchain has advantages, its relative immutability can lead to the creation and use of false digital identities that cannot be easily detected or corrected. As this paper discusses, this aspect can undermine the integrity and reliability of digital identity nationally and internationally. Given that blockchain technology is fallible, the authors argue that international law has a vital role now and in the future in recognizing the right to digital identity and establishing norms of conduct.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135790213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2247203
F. Cengiz
Abstract Is blockchain the technological blueprint of a utopian decentralized future or a dystopian centralized one? In search of an answer to this question, this article juxtaposes blockchain governance and the state’s utilization of blockchain to govern citizens. This juxtaposition reveals that whilst being a disruptive general-purpose technology emerging from mistrust of centralized institutions, blockchain could also be the vehicle delivering centralized state surveillance and behavioral control. This juxtaposition further reveals that in contrast to the expectations of blockchain enthusiasts, states’ approach to blockchain does not appear to be entirely antagonistic but it consists of a tripartite strategy of appropriation, regulation and rejection depending on which satisfies the state interests in a given context. As most constructs of governance via blockchain are still at an embryonic stage, it is difficult to reach definitive conclusions about what the future holds for blockchain’s impact on citizenship. Nevertheless, this article argues that it is necessary to follow blockchain-based governance critically to identify whether there will be a further divergence between the two worlds of blockchain.
{"title":"Blockchain governance and governance via blockchain: decentralized utopia or centralized dystopia?","authors":"F. Cengiz","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2247203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2247203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Is blockchain the technological blueprint of a utopian decentralized future or a dystopian centralized one? In search of an answer to this question, this article juxtaposes blockchain governance and the state’s utilization of blockchain to govern citizens. This juxtaposition reveals that whilst being a disruptive general-purpose technology emerging from mistrust of centralized institutions, blockchain could also be the vehicle delivering centralized state surveillance and behavioral control. This juxtaposition further reveals that in contrast to the expectations of blockchain enthusiasts, states’ approach to blockchain does not appear to be entirely antagonistic but it consists of a tripartite strategy of appropriation, regulation and rejection depending on which satisfies the state interests in a given context. As most constructs of governance via blockchain are still at an embryonic stage, it is difficult to reach definitive conclusions about what the future holds for blockchain’s impact on citizenship. Nevertheless, this article argues that it is necessary to follow blockchain-based governance critically to identify whether there will be a further divergence between the two worlds of blockchain.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44502253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2237648
B. Zaki
{"title":"Practicing policy learning during creeping crises: key principles and considerations from the COVID-19 crisis","authors":"B. Zaki","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2237648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2237648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48267759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2023.2237652
M. Islam
{"title":"Effective tobacco control measures in Bangladesh require a whole-of-government approach","authors":"M. Islam","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2237652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2237652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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