Policy Design and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The missing piece: the link between blockchain and public policy design","authors":"E. Tan","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2233160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2233160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Through a bibliometric analysis, this article researches the central topics that link blockchain to public policy design and investigates the key policy priorities for the use of blockchain technology in the public sector. The analysis points out six thematic foci in the current literature: (1) business and strategic management, (2) technology adoption, (3) system infrastructure, (4) cryptocurrency and decentralized economy, (5) regulations and geopolitics, and (6) governance. The analysis demonstrates a high degree of co-occurrence between “barriers” and “blockchain adoption” confirming that blockchain adoption in the public sector domain is perceived as challenging. The association of the term “barrier” with other key terms suggests theoretical, technological, resource-based, and managerial challenges as the main showstoppers. The bibliometric analysis also reveals the underrepresentation of social and political sciences in our knowledge base, despite the thematic relevance of these disciplines to understand the underlying challenges. More research from these disciplines is warranted to understand better how this technology can be best integrated into the public policy processes.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48375292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond precautionary principle: policy-making under uncertainty and complexity","authors":"Xun Wu, Liang Ma, D. Low, Shubham Sharma, G. Papyshev","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2229090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2229090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45574523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Blockchain in government: toward an evaluation framework”","authors":"Diego Cagigas, Judith Clifton, Daniel Díaz‐Fuentes, Marcos Fernández-Gutiérrez, C. Harpes","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2230702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2230702","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The adoption of a new technology such as Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in government is a complex process with numerous potential benefits, but also costs and risks. Early pilots introducing DLT into the public sector show that its potential impact will likely vary depending on the context, including, the type of public service. Even within the same public service, the impact of DLT might be distinct for each of the stakeholders involved (the government, civil servants and citizens, among others). As the public sector is diverse, it is critical to get a proper analysis and understanding of the process of introduction of this technology, which encompasses the different dimensions that play a role in the process. This paper presents an original and multi-dimensional evaluation framework to analyze and compare the benefits, costs and risks of the introduction of DLT in the public sector. It considers a comprehensive set of factors, identified and extracted after conducting a systematic review of the literature, representing potential benefits, costs and risks of DLT in the public sector. These are categorized into four separate dimensions: technological, socio-economic, organizational-cultural, and institutional (legal and political). This evaluation framework has been designed to be used by policy-makers interested in analyzing and comparing the benefits and risks of the introduction of DLT in real-world applications of this technology in the public sector.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45365809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence use in the UK's COVID-19 Free School Meals Policy: a thematic content analysis.","authors":"Jennie C Parnham,&nbsp;Sarah McKevitt,&nbsp;Eszter P Vamos,&nbsp;Anthony A Laverty","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2022.2112640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2022.2112640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free School Meals (FSM) are a well-recognised intervention for tackling food insecurity among school children. National school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic meant that there was a need to rapidly adapt the delivery of FSM. A range of food-assistance policies were implemented, but it is not clear if they were evidence-based. This study aimed to determine the transparency of evidence use and identify other competing influences in the UK's FSM policy decisions. Thematic content analysis was used to review 50 publicly available policy documents and debate transcripts on FSM policy published between March 2020-2021. This period covered the first national school closures (March 2020-July 2020), school holidays and the second national school closures (January 2021- March 2021). The Evidence Transparency Framework was used to assess the transparency of evidence use in policy documents. We found that overall transparency of evidence use was poor but was better for the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme. The Government showed preference for replacing FSM with food parcels, rather than more agentic modes of food assistance such as cash-vouchers. This preference appeared to be closely aligned with ideological views on the welfare state. With an absence of evidence, value-based reasoning took precedent and was polarised by social media. This paper highlights the need for a formal review into FSM, one which includes a comparison of low and high agentic food assistance policies. Such a review would address the evidence gap, improve food assistance policy, and aid policymakers in future periods of uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 3","pages":"328-343"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614982/pdf/EMS152405.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10099798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RegTech and creating public value: opportunities and challenges","authors":"M. Bolton, Michael Mintrom","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2213059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2213059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regulatory technology (RegTech) has its origins in private sector applications of information technology in pursuit of more efficient compliance with government regulations. Initially, the term “RegTech” referred to either the technical solutions intended to aid financial service providers in managing regulatory issues or to the companies and organizations that develop and deliver such solutions. Increasingly, regulatory experts are stretching the term’s coverage to include efforts by governments to harness technical solutions in pursuit of more efficient targeting and conduct of regulatory monitoring and enforcement. Whether deployed within the private or public sectors, RegTech holds significant potential to improve regulatory compliance, reduce compliance costs, and improve the speed and accuracy with which known harms can be addressed and emerging risks can be identified. Here, we focus on the potential for RegTech to support the creation of public value. We suggest public value is most likely to be realized when governments (1) keep focused on regulatory purpose and effective design and (2) build effective collaboration with RegTech providers and regulated entities. KEY MESSAGES: Governments hunger for more efficient and effective ways to deliver public value. Increasingly digital/digitisation is being seen as the way to deliver this. With regard to the regulation of harms, RegTech is the latest in a line of proposed approaches. RegTech holds promise but we know it is not failsafe because it can exhibit both data science and human implementation problems. Implementation of RegTech brings both practical opportunities and challenges.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"266 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Performance-Related-Pay work? Recommendations for practice based on a meta-analysis","authors":"B. George, Zeger van der Wal","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2205756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2205756","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Performance-related-pay (PRP) is a controversial topic. Views about its impact are mixed. Through a meta-analysis of studies in public administration, we aim to provide an evidence-based answer to the question: Does PRP work? Our meta-analysis finds a statistically significant, positive but small population effect size between PRP and employee and performance outcomes. Subgroup analyses show that PRPs impact is contingent upon the type of outcome, geographical context, government level, and data source rather than universal in nature. Effect sizes decrease when performance outcomes are measured as opposed to employee outcomes; in USA and European contexts compared to Asian contexts; at the local level compared to the federal level; and when multiple source or experimental data are used compared to single source data. Based on our findings and PRP literature, we construct a flowchart to support practitioners in deciding whether PRP may “work” for them while avoiding its many and typical pitfalls. Evidence for practice Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the impact of performance-related-pay (PRP) on employee and performance outcomes in public administration is statistically significant and positive; however, the fact that the effects sizes are small leads us to conclude that PRP is not a “magic bullet”. Intriguingly, performance outcomes are less impacted by PRP than employee-related outcomes like work motivation and job satisfaction, implying that PRP might carry some motivational benefits while its benefits for better performance outcomes are questionable. PRP seemingly works better in Asia than in Europe or the USA – arguably due to existing predispositions regarding the effects of rewards and monetary incentives – and also seems more effective at the federal than the local government level. Much of the small positive impact uncovered in this meta-analysis seems to be the result of the type of data used in studies. Specifically, studies using multiple or experimental data show a trivial and statistically insignificant overall impact. Practitioners thus need to carefully assess how they will evaluate PRPs impact to avoid biases due to data type. An evidence-based flowchart including questions at the macro (cultural and societal considerations), meso (specific organizational characteristics), and micro (individual and team behavior) level is presented as a support tool for practitioners in deciding upon and designing PRP systems in their organization.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"299 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making way for design thinking in the public sector: a taxonomy of strategies","authors":"Geert Brinkman, A. van Buuren, W. Voorberg, Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2199958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2199958","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Public organizations are increasingly turning to design thinking to address wicked societal issues, enhance innovation, and improve services. However, in general, public organizations do not provide the most receptive context for design thinking. To be applied effectively, design thinking requires sufficient tolerance for uncertainty, capacity for risk-taking, receptiveness to new ideas, and flexibility to learn and adapt. Public organizations, instead, favor rationality, stability, and accountability, and are therefore generally characterized as rigid and risk-averse. Additional efforts are thus required to make way for design thinking within this context. Until now, research on strategies to support the application of design thinking in a public sector context is limited. In this paper, 14 design thinking projects in the public sector were analyzed to identify these strategies, resulting in a practical framework of strategic actions to build confidence, form an alliance, generate support, enhance compatibility, and thereby enable design thinking in the public sector. Accordingly, this study contributes to the theory and practice of design thinking for public issues.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"241 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44842913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European climate pact citizen volunteers: strategies for deepening engagement and impact","authors":"J. Tosun, J. Pollex, Laurence Crumbie","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2199961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2199961","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The European Climate Pact is one constitutive element of the European Green Deal, which has the ambition of making the European Union (EU) climate neutral by 2050. It is a particularly intriguing measure since it is designed as a format for volunteering, known as European Climate Pact Ambassadors, whom the EU Commission expects to inform members of their communities and networks about climate change and to inspire and support climate action. Each Pact Ambassador is presented on a dedicated website hosted by the EU Commission, which means that this programme is highly personalized. With this paper, we address Pact Ambassadors who do not work as policy professionals and strive to offer them guidance on navigating their mandate. In essence, we invite them to personalize the mandate and to assume those roles and carry out those activities that they feel comfortable with and which align with the overarching goals and principles of the ambassadors’ programme.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"344 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43506546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public attribution in the US government: implications for diplomacy and norms in cyberspace","authors":"H. Lee","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2199964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2199964","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, states have publicly assigned responsibility for cyber incidents to state adversaries with increasing frequency. While emerging scholarship provides insight into the strategic rationale for public cyber attribution, the literature lacks a rigorous understanding of when and under what circumstances states publicly attribute cyber incidents in practice. This paper seeks to address this gap by providing an empirical study of public cyber attribution by the US government from 2010–2020. Based on an original dataset, I find that US government actors publicly attribute cyber incidents through four distinct “channels”–criminal, technical, official policy, and unofficial policy. The purpose, timing, and state subject of attribution appear to vary consistently by channel, while organizational interests and channel-specific factors shape the context in which public attribution takes place. The lack of a unified approach creates challenges for US diplomacy—as adversaries may misperceive attributions as reflecting a whole-of-government agenda—and informs the normative environment of cyber operations in ways potentially unanticipated by individual agencies.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"198 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber governance in Africa: at the crossroads of politics, sovereignty and cooperation","authors":"Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2023.2199960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2023.2199960","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Africa has recently focused on an ambition to achieve digital transformation through the pursuit of various flagship initiatives which are aimed at achieving its ‘Agenda 2063’ objectives. Digital transformation will be better achieved through appropriate cyber governance policies and mechanisms, and the success of Africa’s Digital Transformation Strategy 2020-2030 hinges on diverse factors. According to the Strategy, African governments have a fundamental responsibility to create an enabling environment, with policies and regulations that promote digital transformation across foundation pillars, which include cybersecurity. The Strategy also stipulates the need to reinforce the region’s human and institutional capacity to secure the cyberspace by building trust and confidence in the use of cyber technologies. The aim of the paper is to examine Africa’s cyber governance agenda in relation to peace and security. While there are political dimensions to determining the thresholds of such discourses in Africa, the uncertainties of governance mechanisms, political underpinnings and limitations in digital capacity may mean that international standards of cyber governance have merely been theoretical in the African context. The paper examines Africa’s extant policies and political strategies for cyber governance, and the region’s interaction with international cyber governance processes. The paper further discusses the prospects and challenges to cyber governance in the region, and the approaches to leveraging international cooperation in promoting cyber stability in the region.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"146 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43925585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}