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Proceedings of the II International Scientific-Practical Conference "Psychology of Extreme Professions" (ISPCPEP 2019)最新文献

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Goals and principles of the use of visual communication in extreme conditions 在极端条件下使用视觉传达的目标和原则
O. Chernysheva
Annotation — The article represents theoretical and methodical materials to ensure the creation of an effective system of navigation that contribute to the optimal organization of the people movement in extreme situations. It is based on three stages model, which includes the stage of orientation, the set (readiness) for action and actual executive stage (activity). Each of these stages is characterized by its own regulatory processes. The results of using this model helps to construct the system of people special orientation by correct representation of information displays.
注释-这篇文章代表了理论和系统的材料,以确保创建一个有效的导航系统,有助于在极端情况下优化组织人员运动。它基于三阶段模型,包括定向阶段、行动准备阶段和实际执行阶段。每一个阶段都有自己的调控过程。使用该模型的结果有助于通过对信息显示的正确表示来构建人的特殊取向系统。
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引用次数: 0
Human factor as a cause of aircraft accidents 人为因素是造成飞机事故的原因之一
N. Lyssakov, E. Lyssakova
The human factor in aviation is the system and many sciences concept directly connected with flight safety and professional reliability of personnel. According to preliminary assessment of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) the human factor is a dominant cause of aircraft accidents. The purpose of the date is identification of significant events of aircraft accidents were caused by human factor and justification the directions of aviation psychology for their prevention. The method is analysis of flight safety in civil aviation of contracting states of the Agreement on civil aviation and airspace use from 2012 to 2018 (reports of flying safety: www.mak-iac.org). Results of accidents were caused by human factor in 2012 accounted for about 80%, in 2013 – more than 83%, in 2014 – 82%, in 2015 – 70%, in 2016 – about 94%., in 2017 – more than 80%, in 2018 – 75%. So, the number of accidents were caused by human factor in flight and maintenance operations remains substantial without significantly downtrend. Relevant directions of accident prevention by aviation psychology are as follows: -working out techniques of balanced training using simulators and in the real flight; development of modern methods of developing the ability to make decisions in emergencies; -introduction of psychological selection which helps to assess the prospects for personal development in professional aviation; -study of professionally important qualities in ground service specialists.
航空中的人为因素是直接关系到飞行安全和人员职业可靠性的系统和许多科学概念。根据美国州际航空委员会(IAC)的初步评估,人为因素是造成飞机事故的主要原因。该数据的目的是识别由人为因素引起的飞机事故的重大事件,并证明航空心理学的预防方向。方法是分析2012年至2018年《民用航空和空域使用协定》缔约国的民用航空飞行安全(飞行安全报告:www.mak-iac.org)。2012年由人为因素引起的事故结果占80%左右,2013年占83%以上,2014年占82%,2015年占70%,2016年占94%左右。2017年为80%以上,2018年为75%。因此,在飞行和维修操作中,人为因素造成的事故数量仍然很大,没有明显下降的趋势。航空心理学预防事故的相关方向有:利用模拟器和真实飞行中制定平衡训练技术;发展发展在紧急情况下作出决定的能力的现代方法;-引入心理选择,帮助评估专业航空人员的个人发展前景;-学习地勤人员的重要专业素质。
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引用次数: 1
The Factors of Mental Maladjustment of Law Enforcement Officers 执法人员心理适应不良的因素分析
M. Korehova, A. Soloviev, I. Novikova
The article presents the data of the study of mental maladjustment factors of law enforcement officers. The study involved 153 employees of the Internal Affairs bodies. It is established that more than 30 % of experts of an extreme profile have a complex of mental disadaptation signs. The system of factors contributing to the development of mental maladjustment: professional, social and individual psychological. The main professional factors include the profile of professional activity, stress conditions of official activity, a high level of organizational stress, the specifics of the activity, length of service. To social – lack of family and children, the presence of 3 or more children, low level of education, a tendency to limit social contacts. To individual & psychological – personal resources –using of maladaptive coping strategies, low overall adaptive capacity, inadequately inflated self-esteem, low rates of mental abilities; somatic disorders, high level of anxiety, signs of depression, neuropsychiatric instability. The results should be taken into account in the development of preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of mental
本文介绍了执法人员心理适应不良因素的研究数据。这项研究涉及153名内务机构的雇员。据证实,超过30%的极端专家有复杂的精神不适应迹象。导致心理适应不良的因素系统:专业、社会和个体心理。主要的专业因素包括专业活动的概况、官方活动的压力条件、高水平的组织压力、活动的具体内容、服务年限。对社会——缺少家庭和孩子,有3个或更多孩子的存在,受教育程度低,有限制社会交往的倾向。对于个体和心理-个人资源-使用适应不良的应对策略,整体适应能力低,自尊心不充分膨胀,心理能力低;躯体疾病,高度焦虑,抑郁迹象,神经精神不稳定。在制定预防措施时应考虑到这些结果,以减少精神疾病发生的可能性
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引用次数: 0
Ensuring health of shift workers in context professional risks in the Arctic 在北极专业风险背景下确保轮班工人的健康
Y. Korneeva, M. Arefina, N. Simonova, G. Degteva
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No 18-01300623. The Arctic is a territory characterized by a huge area, special climatic conditions, and also rich reserves of natural resources. Currently, the region is actively developing projects for the extraction of minerals. The development of this area can be carried out if there is an able-bodied population that is able to work effectively in extreme conditions. Work in such conditions is carried out mainly on shift-work method and places high demands on the level of health of the worker. Climategeographical, production and social factors determine professional risks for the health of workers employed in shift work. The concept of "professional risk" includes the negative impact of the environment, the conditions of professional activity, as well as the possible nature of the negative reaction of the body and mind. The identification and assessment of professional risks should be aimed primarily at preventing the development of a threat to the health, morbidity and disability of an employee. An integral system of occupational risk management is medical support for shift workers, also features of the legal regulation of labor. This regulation of the countries of the Arctic region should take into account the peculiarities of the territory. The purpose of our research is to study the issues of preserving health of shift workers in the Arctic region. As a result of the study, an analysis of legal regulation will be carried out, which is aimed at ensuring preservation health of workers employed in field of shift work, identifying measure criteria professional risk, including assessment of injuries, loss of professional performance, disability, etc. The study of ensuring the preservation of the health status of workers employed in shift work will make it possible to develop a model of optimal support for shift workers in the Arctic region. Keywords— shift workers; professional risks; ensuring health
本研究由RFBR资助,研究项目号18-01300623。北极是一个地域辽阔、气候条件特殊、自然资源储量丰富的地区。目前,该区域正在积极发展开采矿物的项目。如果有一个健全的人口,能够在极端条件下有效地工作,这个地区的发展就可以进行。在这种条件下的工作主要是倒班工作,对工人的健康水平提出了很高的要求。气候、地理、生产和社会因素决定了轮班工作工人的职业健康风险。“职业风险”的概念包括环境的负面影响、职业活动的条件,以及身心可能产生的负面反应的性质。确定和评估职业风险的主要目的应是防止对雇员的健康、发病和残疾构成威胁。一套完整的职业风险管理制度是对轮班工人的医疗保障,也是劳动法律规制的特征。北极地区各国的这一规章应考虑到该地区的特点。本研究的目的是研究北极地区轮班工人的健康保护问题。根据这项研究,将对法律法规进行分析,其目的是确保在轮班工作领域雇用的工人的健康,确定衡量标准专业风险,包括评估伤害、丧失专业能力、残疾等。对确保保护轮班工作工人健康状况的研究,将有可能为北极地区轮班工作工人制定最佳支助模式。关键词:倒班工人;专业的风险;确保健康
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引用次数: 0
Subjective Assessment of the Quality of Life of Specialists working in the Arctic Economic Zone in Yakutia 在雅库特北极经济区工作的专家生活质量的主观评价
A. Egorova, V. Davydova
The article describes the main aspects of the subjective assessment of the quality of life by highly qualified specialists living in the Arctic economic zone of Yakutia, some differences were revealed in the assessments of the quality of life and factors affecting the subjective satisfaction and psychological well-being of people in the Western and Eastern economic zones. In general, among representatives of the AEZ, the overall assessment of the quality of life corresponds to the average level. The subjective assessment of the quality of life of specialists working in the Arctic depends on the relationship with people and colleagues around them, on the nature and content of the work performed, and on the degree of readiness to work in the Arctic.
本文介绍了雅库特北极经济区的高素质专家对生活质量的主观评价的主要方面,揭示了西部和东部经济区人们在生活质量评价和主观满意度和心理健康影响因素方面的一些差异。总的来说,在经济特区的代表中,对生活质量的总体评估符合平均水平。对在北极工作的专家的生活质量的主观评价取决于他们与周围的人和同事的关系,所从事工作的性质和内容,以及在北极工作的准备程度。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological factors of personal safety culture of electric network masters 电网主人人身安全文化的心理因素
Luydmila Goryunova, S. Fedorov, L. Vereshagina, Victoria Pogrebitskaya, O. Voronina, Nikolai N. Lepekhin, M. Kruglova
Personal safety culture is defined as “the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competence, and employee's behavior patterns”. The study identified the factors of the corporate safety culture: the involvement of employees in the organization of communication on security issues; security credibility in the organization; assessment of mutual assistance in matters of security. The structure of the factor of personal safety culture is determined, which includes personal discipline, personal responsibility, position in uncertainty. Psychological factors of personal safety culture of electrical network masters have been revealed: employee's readiness and willingness to assist in critical situations, evaluation of safety management, learning from mistakes and past incidents, state of communication on the issues of safety implementation, assessment of organization’s resources for safety ensuring.
个人安全文化被定义为“个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和员工的行为模式的产物”。研究确定了企业安全文化的影响因素:员工参与组织安全问题沟通;在组织中的安全信誉;评估在安全问题上的互助。确定了个人安全文化因素的结构,包括个人纪律、个人责任、不确定性地位。揭示了电网大师个人安全文化的心理因素:员工在危急情况下的协助准备和意愿,对安全管理的评价,从错误和过去事件中吸取教训,对安全执行问题的沟通状况,对组织安全保障资源的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Professional risks of burnout syndrome among surgeons 外科医生职业倦怠的风险分析
N. Vodopianova, E. Starchenkova, E. Stolyarchuk, G. Nikiforov, Anastasiya Ponomareva, S. Myasnikova
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the features of professional burnout, life position, subjective representations of professionally difficult situations and mental states of surgeons from the standpoint of personal and organizational risks of professional burnout.
本文从职业倦怠的个人风险和组织风险的角度,对外科医生职业倦怠的特征、生活状态、职业困境的主观表征和心理状态进行了实证研究。
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引用次数: 1
Developing the Stress Resistance of Flight Dispatchers 发展飞行调度员的抗逆性
M. Y. Uvarova, E. A. Kedyarova, N. Cherneckaya, V. Monzhievskaya, N. Russkih, O. Chuvashova
The paper is devoted to the research of stress resistance of flight dispatchers. We consider stress resistance an integrative personal quality that is basic for productive professional activity in extreme conditions. The optimal (high) level of stress resistance can be considered the key professional quality of flight dispatchers because it permits them to stay resistant to disturbing factors, to keep their working efficiency during all working day and during all working tasks. Stress resistance can be considered one of the most important professional qualities of flight dispatchers as well as their professional knowledge and as well as their professional skills. Research objective – to study stress resistance of flight dispatchers, to create a model of the developing program for flight dispatchers and to check its effectiveness in experimental approbation of the program. The hypothesis of our research is the following: by means of purposely organized and realized developing program based on our stress resistance model it is possible to affect the exponents of stress resistance of flight dispatchers and to achieve the optimal stress resistance level and as a result to form constructive coping strategies. We consider that in practical work of aviation psychologists there are several important exponents of stress resistance such as neuropsychic stability, neuro-psychic tension, stress level, professional stress
本文对飞行调度员的抗逆性进行了研究。我们认为抗压能力是一种综合的个人素质,是极端条件下生产性专业活动的基础。最佳(高)抗压能力可以被认为是飞行调度员的关键专业素质,因为它可以使他们在整个工作日和所有工作任务中保持对干扰因素的抵抗力,保持他们的工作效率。抗逆性可以认为是飞行调度员最重要的专业素质之一,也是他们的专业知识和专业技能。研究目的——研究飞行调度员的抗逆性,建立飞行调度员发展方案模型,并对该方案进行实验验证,验证其有效性。我们的研究假设是:通过有目的地组织和实现基于我们的抗逆性模型的发展计划,可以影响飞行调度员的抗逆性指数,达到最优的抗逆性水平,从而形成建设性的应对策略。我们认为,在航空心理学家的实际工作中,有几个重要的抗逆性指标,如神经心理稳定性、神经心理紧张、压力水平、职业压力
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引用次数: 0
Adjustment of youth to military and professional activity in extreme conditions of Arctic region 北极地区极端条件下青年对军事和专业活动的适应
I. Korelskaya, Irina Karkavceva, Elena Beletzkaya, I. Varentsova
 The success of adaptation to service in military units places high demands on professionalapplied physical and psychological training of the young generation. Three levels of adaptation to military units in the extreme conditions of the Arctic region are proposed.
成功适应军队服役对年轻一代的专业应用生理和心理训练提出了很高的要求。提出了在北极地区极端条件下对军事单位的三个适应水平。
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引用次数: 1
Training of psychologists of the penal system for provision of psychological assistance to condemned persons for violent crimes 培训刑事系统的心理学家,为暴力犯罪的被定罪者提供心理援助
V. S. Ponkratova, D. Sochivko, Ekaterina Kholopova, G. Aksenova, P. Aksenova
The article deals with some features of the identity of male convicts for violent crimes, for identification of factorial structure of their protection which will allow the practicing psychologists to develop effective techniques of work with this category.
本文探讨了暴力犯罪男性罪犯身份认同的一些特征,以确定其保护的阶乘结构,从而使执业心理学家能够开发出有效的该类别的工作技术。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the II International Scientific-Practical Conference "Psychology of Extreme Professions" (ISPCPEP 2019)
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