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Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision (SMBV 2001)最新文献

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Range-space approach for generalized multiple baseline stereo and direct virtual view synthesis 广义多基线立体与直接虚拟视图合成的距离空间方法
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988764
K. Ng, M. Trivedi, H. Ishiguro
In this paper a new "range-space" approach, for rendering visual models using a network of multiple omnidirectional vision sensors (ODVS) is presented. This integrated approach allows for simultaneous extraction of 3-D range as well as visual models. The approach requires three distinct steps of analyzing multiple ODVS video input streams: 1) Search, 2) Match, and 3) Render. At the output, a user-specified view is rendered. This three-step process does not require 3D model of the scene to be provided.
本文提出了一种利用多全向视觉传感器(ODVS)网络绘制视觉模型的“距离空间”新方法。这种综合方法允许同时提取3-D范围以及视觉模型。该方法需要分析多个ODVS视频输入流的三个不同步骤:1)搜索,2)匹配和3)渲染。在输出处,呈现用户指定的视图。这三步过程不需要提供场景的3D模型。
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引用次数: 3
Mosaic-based panoramic depth imaging with a single standard camera 基于马赛克的全景深度成像与一个单一的标准相机
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988765
Peter Peer, F. Solina
In this article we present a panoramic depth imaging system. The system is mosaic-based which means that we use a single rotating camera and assemble the captured images in a mosaic. Due to a, setoff of the camera's optical center from the rotational center of the system we are able to capture the motion parallax effect which enables the stereo reconstruction. The camera is rotating on a circular path with the step defined by an angle, equivalent to one column of the captured image. The equation for depth estimation can be easily extracted from system geometry. To find the corresponding points on a stereo pair of panoramic images the epipolar geometry needs to be determined. It can be shown that the epipolar geometry is very simple if we are doing the reconstruction based on a symmetric pair of stereo panoramic images. We get a symmetric pair of stereo panoramic images when we take symmetric columns on the left and on the right side from the captured image center column. Epipolar lines of the symmetrical pair of panoramic images are image rows. We focused mainly on the system analysis. Results of the stereo reconstruction procedure and quality evaluation of generated depth images are quite promising. The system performs well in the reconstruction of small indoor spaces. Our final goal is to develop a system for automatic navigation of a mobile robot in a room.
本文介绍了一种全景深度成像系统。该系统是基于马赛克的,这意味着我们使用单个旋转相机并将捕获的图像组装在马赛克中。由于a,相机的光学中心从系统的旋转中心的偏移,我们能够捕捉运动视差效果,使立体重建。相机沿圆周路径旋转,其步长由角度定义,相当于捕获图像的一列。深度估计方程可以很容易地从系统几何中提取出来。为了在立体全景图像对上找到相应的点,需要确定极极几何形状。如果我们基于对称的一对立体全景图像进行重建,可以看出极面几何结构非常简单。当我们在捕获的图像中心列的左右两侧取对称列时,我们得到对称的立体全景图像对。对称的全景图像对的极线是图像行。我们主要集中于系统分析。生成的深度图像的立体重建过程和质量评价结果都很有希望。该系统在小型室内空间的重建中表现良好。我们的最终目标是开发一个在房间里移动机器人的自动导航系统。
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引用次数: 6
Rectangular subregioning and 3-D maximum-surface techniques for fast stereo matching 矩形分区和三维最大曲面快速立体匹配技术
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988762
Changming Sun
This paper presents a fast and reliable stereo matching algorithm which produces a dense disparity map by using fast cross correlation, rectangular subregioning and 3D maximum-surface techniques in a coarse-to-fine scheme. Fast correlation is achieved by using the box filtering technique whose speed is invariant to the size of correlation window and by segmenting the stereo images at different levels of the pyramid into rectangular subimages. The disparity for the whole image is found in the 3D correlation coefficient volume by obtaining the maximum-surface using our novel two-stage dynamic programming technique. There are two original contributions in this paper: (1) development of a rectangular subregioning (RSR) technique for fast similarity measure; and (2) development of a novel two-stage dynamic programming (STDP) technique for obtaining 3D maximum surface in a 3D volume efficiently. Typical running time of our algorithm implemented in C language on a 512/spl times/512 image is in the order of a few seconds. A variety of synthetic and real images have been tested, and good results have been obtained.
本文提出了一种快速可靠的立体匹配算法,该算法利用快速互相关、矩形分区和三维最大曲面技术,在粗到精的方案中生成密集的视差图。采用速度随相关窗口大小不变的盒滤波技术,将金字塔不同层次的立体图像分割成矩形子图像,实现快速相关。利用新的两阶段动态规划技术获得最大曲面,在三维相关系数体中找到整幅图像的差值。本文主要有两方面的原创贡献:(1)提出了一种用于快速相似性度量的矩形分区(RSR)技术;(2)开发了一种新的两阶段动态规划(STDP)技术,以有效地获得三维体中的三维最大表面。我们的算法在512/spl /512次的图像上用C语言实现,典型的运行时间在几秒左右。对各种合成图像和真实图像进行了测试,取得了良好的效果。
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引用次数: 10
Multi-resolution stereo matching using genetic algorithm 基于遗传算法的多分辨率立体匹配
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988759
Minglun Gong, Herbert Yang
In this paper, a new genetic-based stereo matching algorithm is presented. Our motivation is to improve the accuracy of the disparity map generated by removing the mismatches caused by both occlusions and false targets. In our approach, the stereo matching problem is considered as an optimization problem. The algorithm first takes advantage of multi-view stereo images to detect occlusions, therefore, removes mismatches caused by visibility problems. A genetic algorithm is then used to optimize both the compatibility between corresponding points and the continuity of the disparity map, which removes mismatches caused false targets. In addition, the quadtree structure is used to implement a multiresolution framework. Since nodes at different level of the quadtree cover different number of pixels, selecting nodes at different levels gives similar effect as adjusting the window size at different locations of the image. The experimental results show that our approach can generate more accurate disparity maps than two existing approaches.
提出了一种新的基于遗传的立体匹配算法。我们的动机是通过去除遮挡和假目标引起的不匹配来提高视差图的准确性。在我们的方法中,立体匹配问题被认为是一个优化问题。该算法首先利用多视角立体图像检测遮挡,从而消除了能见度问题引起的不匹配。然后利用遗传算法对视差图的连续性和对应点之间的兼容性进行优化,消除了因不匹配而导致的假目标。此外,采用四叉树结构实现了多分辨率框架。由于四叉树不同层次的节点覆盖的像素数不同,选择不同层次的节点的效果与在图像的不同位置调整窗口大小类似。实验结果表明,与现有的两种方法相比,该方法可以生成更精确的视差图。
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引用次数: 42
A hierarchical stereo algorithm using dynamic programming 采用动态规划的分层立体算法
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988775
G. Van Meerbergen, M. Vergauwen, M. Pollefeys, L. Van Gool
In this paper, a new hierarchical stereo algorithm is presented. The algorithm matches individual pixels in corresponding scanlines by minimizing a cost function. Several cost functions are compared. The algorithm achieves a tremendous gain in speed and memory requirements by implementing it hierarchically. The images are down sampled an optimal number of times and the disparity map of a lower level is used as 'offset' disparity map at a higher level. An important contribution consists of the complexity analysis of the algorithm. It is shown that this complexity is independent of the disparity range. This result is also used to determine the-optimal number of down sample levels. This speed gain results in the ability to use more complex (compute intensive) cost functions that deliver high quality disparity maps. Another advantage of this algorithm is that cost functions can be chosen independent of the optimisation algorithm. Finally, the algorithm was carefully implemented so that a minimal amount of memory is used. It has proven its efficiency on large images with a high disparity range as well as its quality. Examples are given in this paper.
本文提出了一种新的分层立体算法。该算法通过最小化代价函数来匹配相应扫描线中的单个像素。比较了几种代价函数。该算法通过分层实现,在速度和内存需求方面获得了巨大的收益。图像向下采样的最佳次数和较低水平的视差图被用作“偏移”视差图在较高的水平。一个重要的贡献是算法的复杂度分析。结果表明,该复杂度与视差范围无关。这一结果也用于确定下采样水平的最佳数量。这种速度的提高使我们能够使用更复杂(计算密集型)的成本函数来提供高质量的视差图。该算法的另一个优点是成本函数的选择可以独立于优化算法。最后,仔细地实现了该算法,以便使用最少的内存。在高视差范围的大图像上证明了它的效率和质量。文中给出了实例。
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引用次数: 13
Semi-dense stereo correspondence with dense features 具有密集特征的半密集立体对应
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988773
O. Veksler
We present a new feature based algorithm for stereo correspondence. Most of the previous feature based methods match sparse features like edge pixels, producing only sparse disparity maps. Our algorithm detects and matches dense features between the left and right images of a stereo pair, producing a semi-dense disparity map. Our dense feature is defined with respect to both images of a stereo pair, and it is computed during the stereo matching process, not a preprocessing step. In essence, a dense feature is a connected set of pixels in the left image and a corresponding set of pixels in the right image such that the intensity edges on the boundary of these sets are stronger than their matching error (which is basically the difference in intensities between corresponding boundary pixels). Our algorithm produces accurate semi-dense disparity maps, leaving featureless regions in the scene unmatched. It is robust, requires little parameter tuning, can handle brightness differences between images, and is fast (linear complexity).
提出了一种新的基于特征的立体对应算法。以往基于特征的方法大多匹配边缘像素等稀疏特征,只能生成稀疏的视差图。我们的算法检测并匹配立体图像对左右图像之间的密集特征,产生半密集的视差图。我们的密集特征是针对一个立体对的两个图像定义的,它是在立体匹配过程中计算的,而不是预处理步骤。本质上,密集特征是左图像中的一组像素与右图像中相应的一组像素相连接,使得这些集合边界上的强度边缘强于它们的匹配误差(基本上是对应边界像素之间的强度差)。我们的算法生成精确的半密集视差图,在场景中留下没有特征的区域。它是鲁棒的,需要很少的参数调整,可以处理图像之间的亮度差异,并且是快速的(线性复杂性)。
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引用次数: 7
Hierarchical stochastic diffusion for disparity estimation 视差估计的分层随机扩散
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988769
Sang Hwa Lee, Y. Kanatsugu, Jong-Il Park
This paper proposes a stochastic approach to estimate the disparity field combined with line field. In the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method based on Markov random field (MRF) model, it is important to optimize and converge the Gibbs potential function corresponding to the perturbed disparity field. The proposed optimization method, stochastic diffusion, takes advantage of the probabilistic distribution of the neighborhood fields, and diffuses the Gibbs potential space to be stable iteratively. By using the neighborhood distribution in the non-random and non-deterministic diffusion, the stochastic diffusion improves both the estimation accuracy and the convergence speed. In the paper, the hierarchical stochastic diffusion is also applied to the disparity field. The hierarchical approach reduces the memory and computational load, and increases the convergence of the potential space. The line field is the discontinuity model of the disparity field. The paper also proposes an effective configuration of the neighborhood to be suitable for the hierarchical disparity structure. According to the experiments, the stochastic diffusion shows good estimation performance. The line field improves the estimation at the object boundary, and the estimated line field coincides with the object boundary with the useful contours. Furthermore, the stochastic diffusion with line field embeds the occlusion detection and compensation. And, the stochastic diffusion converges the estimated fields very fast in the hierarchical scheme. The stochastic diffusion is applicable to any kind of field estimation given the appropriate definition of the field and MRF models.
本文提出了一种结合线场估计视差场的随机方法。在基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型的最大后验(MAP)方法中,对扰动视差场对应的Gibbs势函数进行优化和收敛是一个重要问题。本文提出的随机扩散优化方法,利用邻域场的概率分布,迭代地扩散吉布斯势空间,使其趋于稳定。随机扩散通过在非随机和非确定性扩散中使用邻域分布,提高了估计精度和收敛速度。本文还将分层随机扩散方法应用于视差场。分层方法减少了内存和计算量,提高了潜在空间的收敛性。线场是视差场的不连续模型。本文还提出了一种适合于等级差结构的有效邻域配置方法。实验表明,随机扩散算法具有良好的估计性能。线场改进了目标边界处的估计,估计的线场与目标边界处的有用轮廓重合。此外,线场随机扩散嵌入了遮挡检测和补偿。在分层格式下,随机扩散能快速收敛估计域。随机扩散适用于任何类型的场估计,只要给出适当的场和MRF模型的定义。
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引用次数: 11
Combination of stereo, motion and rendering for 3D footage display 结合立体,运动和渲染3D画面显示
Pub Date : 2001-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988767
J. Shao
The emergence of a new generation of 3D auto stereoscopic displays is driving the requirement for multi-baseline images. The dominant form of this display technology requires multiple views of the same scene, captured at a single, instance in time along a common baseline in order to project stereoscopic images to the viewer. The direct acquisition of multiple views (typically 8 or 16 for the current generation of such displays) is problematic due to the difficulty of configuring, calibrating and controlling multiple cameras simultaneously. This paper describes a technique that alleviates these problems by generating the required views from binocular images. Considering each stereo pair in isolation leads to inconsistency on image sequences. By incorporating a motion-tracking algorithm this problem is significantly reduced. In this paper we describe a novel approach to stereo matching on image sequences for the purpose of generating multiple virtual camera views. Results of extensive tests on stereo image sequences, will be documented indicating that this approach is promising both in terms of the speed of execution and the quality of the results produced.
新一代3D自动立体显示器的出现推动了对多基线图像的需求。这种显示技术的主要形式需要同一场景的多个视图,沿着共同的基线在同一时间捕获单个实例,以便向观看者投射立体图像。由于同时配置、校准和控制多个摄像头的困难,直接获取多个视图(当前一代此类显示器通常为8或16个视图)是有问题的。本文描述了一种通过从双眼图像生成所需视图来缓解这些问题的技术。孤立地考虑每个立体对会导致图像序列不一致。通过结合运动跟踪算法,这一问题显著减少。本文描述了一种新的图像序列立体匹配方法,用于生成多个虚拟摄像机视图。将记录对立体图像序列进行广泛测试的结果,表明这种方法在执行速度和产生的结果质量方面都是有希望的。
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引用次数: 4
A simple stereo algorithm to recover precise object boundaries and smooth surfaces 一个简单的立体算法,以恢复精确的物体边界和光滑的表面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988774
M. Okutomi, Y. Katayama
In area-based stereo matching, there is a problem called "boundary overreach", i.e. the recovered object boundary turns out to be wrongly located away from the real one. This is especially harmful to segmenting objects using depth information. A few approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. However, these techniques tend to degrade on smooth surfaces. That is, there seems to be a trade-off problem between recovering precise object edges and obtaining smooth surfaces. In this paper, we propose a new simple method to solve this problem. Using multiple stereo pairs and multiple windowing, our method detects the region where the boundary overreach is likely to occur (let us call it "BO region") and adopts appropriate methods for the BO and non-BO regions. Although the proposed method is quite simple, the experimental results have shown that it is very effective at recovering both sharp object edges at their correct locations and smooth object surfaces.
在基于区域的立体匹配中,存在“边界过伸”的问题,即恢复的目标边界会错误地定位在远离真实目标的位置。这对于使用深度信息分割对象尤其有害。已经提出了几种方法来解决这个问题。然而,这些技术在光滑的表面上往往会退化。也就是说,在恢复精确的物体边缘和获得光滑的表面之间似乎存在权衡问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的简单的方法来解决这个问题。我们的方法使用多个立体对和多个窗口,检测可能发生边界过长的区域(我们称之为“BO区域”),并对BO和非BO区域采取相应的方法。虽然所提出的方法非常简单,但实验结果表明,该方法在恢复物体边缘的正确位置和物体表面的光滑方面都非常有效。
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引用次数: 29
Dense 3-D reconstruction of an outdoor scene, by hundreds-baseline stereo using a hand-held video camera 密集的三维重建室外场景,由数百基线立体使用手持摄像机
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988763
T. Sato, M. Kanbara, N. Yokoya, I. Takemura
Three-dimensional (3-D) models of outdoor scenes are widely used for object recognition, navigation, mixed reality, and so on. Because such models are often made manually with high costs, automatic and dense 3-D reconstruction is widely investigated. In related work, a dense 3-D model is generated by using a stereo method. However these methods cannot use several hundreds images together for dense depth estimation because it is difficult to accurately calibrate a large number of cameras. In this paper we propose a dense 3-D reconstruction method that first estimates extrinsic camera parameters of a hand-held video camera, and then reconstructs a dense 3-D model of a scene. We can acquire a model of the scene accurately by using several hundreds input images.
户外场景的三维模型被广泛应用于物体识别、导航、混合现实等领域。由于这些模型通常是手工制作的,成本高,因此自动和密集的三维重建被广泛研究。在相关工作中,使用立体方法生成密集的三维模型。然而,由于难以精确校准大量摄像机,这些方法无法同时使用数百张图像进行密集深度估计。本文提出了一种密集三维重建方法,该方法首先估计手持摄像机的外部摄像机参数,然后重建场景的密集三维模型。我们可以使用几百张输入图像准确地获取场景模型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision (SMBV 2001)
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