{"title":"Rapporteur Talk: Outreach and Education","authors":"M. Burton","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89924222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modeling the extragalactic astroparticle skies involves reconstructing the 3D distribution of the most extreme sources in the Universe. Full-sky tomographic surveys at near-infrared wavelengths have already enabled the astroparticle community to bind the density of sources of astrophysical neutrinos and ultra-high cosmic rays (UHECRs), constrain the distribution of binary black-hole mergers and identify some of the components of the extragalactic gamma-ray background. This contribution summarizes the efforts of cleaning and complementing the catalogs developed by the gravitational-wave and near-infrared communities, in order to obtain a cosmographic view on stellarmass ("∗) and star formation rate (SFR).Unprecedented cosmography is offered by a sample of about 400,000 galaxies within 350 Mpc, with a 50-50 ratio of spectroscopic and photometric distances, "∗, SFR and corrections for incompleteness with increasing distance and decreasing Galactic latitude. The inferred 3D distribution of "∗ and SFR is consistent with Cosmic Flows. The "∗ and SFR densities converge towards values compatible with deep-field observations beyond 100 Mpc, suggesting a close-to-isotropic distribution of more distant sources. In addition to highlighting relevant applications for the four astroparticle communities, this contribution explores the distribution of -fields at Mpc scales deduced from the 3D distribution of matter, which is believed to be crucial in shaping the ultra-high-energy sky. These efforts provide a new basis for modeling UHECR anisotropies, which bodes well for the identification of their long-sought sources.
{"title":"Cosmographic model of the astroparticle skies","authors":"J. Biteau, S. Marafico, Y. Kerfis, O. Deligny","doi":"10.22323/1.395.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling the extragalactic astroparticle skies involves reconstructing the 3D distribution of the most extreme sources in the Universe. Full-sky tomographic surveys at near-infrared wavelengths have already enabled the astroparticle community to bind the density of sources of astrophysical neutrinos and ultra-high cosmic rays (UHECRs), constrain the distribution of binary black-hole mergers and identify some of the components of the extragalactic gamma-ray background. This contribution summarizes the efforts of cleaning and complementing the catalogs developed by the gravitational-wave and near-infrared communities, in order to obtain a cosmographic view on stellarmass (\"∗) and star formation rate (SFR).Unprecedented cosmography is offered by a sample of about 400,000 galaxies within 350 Mpc, with a 50-50 ratio of spectroscopic and photometric distances, \"∗, SFR and corrections for incompleteness with increasing distance and decreasing Galactic latitude. The inferred 3D distribution of \"∗ and SFR is consistent with Cosmic Flows. The \"∗ and SFR densities converge towards values compatible with deep-field observations beyond 100 Mpc, suggesting a close-to-isotropic distribution of more distant sources. In addition to highlighting relevant applications for the four astroparticle communities, this contribution explores the distribution of -fields at Mpc scales deduced from the 3D distribution of matter, which is believed to be crucial in shaping the ultra-high-energy sky. These efforts provide a new basis for modeling UHECR anisotropies, which bodes well for the identification of their long-sought sources.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83207899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapporteur: Neutrinos and Muons","authors":"A. Nelles","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91206510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100MeV to about 10GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties.
{"title":"Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments","authors":"D. Soldin","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0349","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100MeV to about 10GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"426 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79277013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Flanagan, John Quinn, D. Wright, H. Dickinson, P. Wilcox, Michael Laraia, S. Serjeant
Muons from extensive air showers appear as rings in images taken with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, such as VERITAS. These muon-ring images are used for the calibration of the VERITAS telescopes, however the calibration accuracy can be improved with a more efficient muon-identification algorithm. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in many state-ofthe-art image-recognition systems and are ideal for muon image identification, once trained on a suitable dataset with labels for muon images. However, by training a CNN on a dataset labelled by existing algorithms, the performance of the CNN would be limited by the suboptimal muonidentification efficiency of the original algorithms. Muon Hunters 2 is a citizen science project that asks users to label grids of VERITAS telescope images, stating which images contain muon rings. Each image is labelled 10 times by independent volunteers, and the votes are aggregated and used to assign a ‘muon’ or ‘non-muon’ label to the corresponding image. An analysis was performed using an expert-labelled dataset in order to determine the optimal vote percentage cut-offs for assigning labels to each image for CNN training. This was optimised so as to identify as many muon images as possible while avoiding false positives. The performance of this model greatly improves on existing muon identification algorithms, identifying approximately 30 times the number of muon images identified by the current algorithm implemented in VEGAS (VERITAS Gamma-ray Analysis Suite), and roughly 2.5 times the number identified by the Hough transform method, along with significantly outperforming a CNN trained on VEGAS-labelled data.
{"title":"Identifying muon rings in VERITAS data using convolutional neural networks trained on images classified with Muon Hunters 2","authors":"Kevin Flanagan, John Quinn, D. Wright, H. Dickinson, P. Wilcox, Michael Laraia, S. Serjeant","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0766","url":null,"abstract":"Muons from extensive air showers appear as rings in images taken with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, such as VERITAS. These muon-ring images are used for the calibration of the VERITAS telescopes, however the calibration accuracy can be improved with a more efficient muon-identification algorithm. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in many state-ofthe-art image-recognition systems and are ideal for muon image identification, once trained on a suitable dataset with labels for muon images. However, by training a CNN on a dataset labelled by existing algorithms, the performance of the CNN would be limited by the suboptimal muonidentification efficiency of the original algorithms. Muon Hunters 2 is a citizen science project that asks users to label grids of VERITAS telescope images, stating which images contain muon rings. Each image is labelled 10 times by independent volunteers, and the votes are aggregated and used to assign a ‘muon’ or ‘non-muon’ label to the corresponding image. An analysis was performed using an expert-labelled dataset in order to determine the optimal vote percentage cut-offs for assigning labels to each image for CNN training. This was optimised so as to identify as many muon images as possible while avoiding false positives. The performance of this model greatly improves on existing muon identification algorithms, identifying approximately 30 times the number of muon images identified by the current algorithm implemented in VEGAS (VERITAS Gamma-ray Analysis Suite), and roughly 2.5 times the number identified by the Hough transform method, along with significantly outperforming a CNN trained on VEGAS-labelled data.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90059103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kaminski, Robert Kamińnski, Janusz Firla, S. Stuglik, D. A. Castillo, N. Budnev, O. Bar, Ł. Bibrzycki, Alok C. Gupta, B. Hnatyk, P. Homola, M. Karbowiak, M. Kasztelan, P. Kovács, B. Łozowski, M. Medvedev, A. Mozgova, M. Niedźwiecki, M. Piekarczyk, Matías Rosas, K. Rzecki, K. Smelcerz, K. Smolek, J. Stasielak, O. Sushchov, M. Svanidze, A. Tursunov, Yuri Verbetsky, T. Wibig, J. Zamora-Saá
The CREDO project aims to observe sets of simultaneous global air showers, i.e. covering the entire hemisphere of the Earth. To do this, it is necessary to deploy detectors of various sizes as densely as possible across the globe. These observations are intended to help answer some basic questions of astrophysics, such as the occurrence and nature of dark matter, the sources of high-energy particles, and the structure of space-time. The method of work of the CREDO project is citizen science, i.e. participation in the project activities not only of scientists but also students, adults, organized groups of enthusiasts and individuals interested in the topic. This community also includes people with disabilities, e.g. visually impaired or blind. The synergy of these two tasks of CREDO - science and education of the society, results in an increasing and wider territorial participation of outsiders in the activities of the project and a very rapid scientific development of the project. The following text (provisional version) presents two aspects of the CREDO project - scientific and educational, and the state of art of the project for June 2021.
{"title":"Cosmic rays and the structure of the universe studied in Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory with citizen science","authors":"R. Kaminski, Robert Kamińnski, Janusz Firla, S. Stuglik, D. A. Castillo, N. Budnev, O. Bar, Ł. Bibrzycki, Alok C. Gupta, B. Hnatyk, P. Homola, M. Karbowiak, M. Kasztelan, P. Kovács, B. Łozowski, M. Medvedev, A. Mozgova, M. Niedźwiecki, M. Piekarczyk, Matías Rosas, K. Rzecki, K. Smelcerz, K. Smolek, J. Stasielak, O. Sushchov, M. Svanidze, A. Tursunov, Yuri Verbetsky, T. Wibig, J. Zamora-Saá","doi":"10.22323/1.395.1370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1370","url":null,"abstract":"The CREDO project aims to observe sets of simultaneous global air showers, i.e. covering the entire hemisphere of the Earth. To do this, it is necessary to deploy detectors of various sizes as densely as possible across the globe. These observations are intended to help answer some basic questions of astrophysics, such as the occurrence and nature of dark matter, the sources of high-energy particles, and the structure of space-time. The method of work of the CREDO project is citizen science, i.e. participation in the project activities not only of scientists but also students, adults, organized groups of enthusiasts and individuals interested in the topic. This community also includes people with disabilities, e.g. visually impaired or blind. The synergy of these two tasks of CREDO - science and education of the society, results in an increasing and wider territorial participation of outsiders in the activities of the project and a very rapid scientific development of the project. The following text (provisional version) presents two aspects of the CREDO project - scientific and educational, and the state of art of the project for June 2021.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86248623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Sánchez-Conde, R. Angulo, G. Ogiya, J. Stücker
In this work, we carry out a suite of specially-designed numerical simulations to shed further light on dark matter (DM) subhalo survival at mass scales relevant for gamma-ray DM searches, a topic subject to intense debate nowadays. Specifically, we have employed an improved version of DASH, a GPU N-body code, to study the evolution of low-mass subhalos inside a Milky Way-like halo with unprecedented accuracy. We have simulated subhalos with varying mass, concentration, and orbital properties, and considered the effect of the gravitational potential of the Milky-Way galaxy itself. In addition to shedding light on the survival of low-mass galactic subhalos, our results will provide detailed predictions that
{"title":"Shedding light on low-mass subhalo survival with numerical simulations","authors":"A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Sánchez-Conde, R. Angulo, G. Ogiya, J. Stücker","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0561","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we carry out a suite of specially-designed numerical simulations to shed further light on dark matter (DM) subhalo survival at mass scales relevant for gamma-ray DM searches, a topic subject to intense debate nowadays. Specifically, we have employed an improved version of DASH, a GPU N-body code, to study the evolution of low-mass subhalos inside a Milky Way-like halo with unprecedented accuracy. We have simulated subhalos with varying mass, concentration, and orbital properties, and considered the effect of the gravitational potential of the Milky-Way galaxy itself. In addition to shedding light on the survival of low-mass galactic subhalos, our results will provide detailed predictions that","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79429568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, such as the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), are uniquely suited to resolve the detailed morphology of extended regions of gamma-ray emission. However, standard VERITAS data analysis techniques have insufficient sensitivity to gamma-ray sources spanning the VERITAS field of view (3.5°), due to difficulties with background estimation. For analysis of such spatially extended sources with 0.5° to greater than 2° radius, we developed the Matched Runs Method. This method derives background estimations for observations of extended sources using matched separate observations of known point sources taken under similar observing conditions. Our technique has been validated by application to archival VERITAS data. Here we present a summary of the Matched Runs Method and multiple validation studies on different gamma-ray sources using VERITAS data.
{"title":"Matched Runs Method to Study Extended Regions of Gamma-ray Emission","authors":"B. Hona","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0729","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, such as the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), are uniquely suited to resolve the detailed morphology of extended regions of gamma-ray emission. However, standard VERITAS data analysis techniques have insufficient sensitivity to gamma-ray sources spanning the VERITAS field of view (3.5°), due to difficulties with background estimation. For analysis of such spatially extended sources with 0.5° to greater than 2° radius, we developed the Matched Runs Method. This method derives background estimations for observations of extended sources using matched separate observations of known point sources taken under similar observing conditions. Our technique has been validated by application to archival VERITAS data. Here we present a summary of the Matched Runs Method and multiple validation studies on different gamma-ray sources using VERITAS data.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77015366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cosmic@Web is an online learning resource developed at DESY in Zeuthen, Germany as part of the outreach activities in the framework of Netzwerk Teilchenwelt . Via Cosmic@Web , high school and university students can access data from astroparticle physics experiments and experience the workflow of scientific research in this field by pursuing their own or suggested research questions. Data from various experiments located in different areas of the world can be used to study cosmic weather effects and muon properties. The analysis can be performed without any coding experience. The graphical interface allows to visualize data in several plot types and offers possibilities of data fitting as well as data reduction and corrections. So far, Cosmic@Web has been used by German high school students during internships at research institutes like DESY , for a research component as part of their high school degree as well as within projects in software development and coding. Connections to other established contents of high school physics curricula will be pointed out and the design of a Cosmic@Web workshop for high school students and teachers will be presented. Furthermore, the acceptance of the tool by students and teachers as well as their feedback during and after its introduction in the workshops will be discussed.
{"title":"Students work like astroparticle physicists with Cosmic@Web","authors":"Philipp Lindenau, C. Schwerdt, M. Walter","doi":"10.22323/1.395.1398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1398","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmic@Web is an online learning resource developed at DESY in Zeuthen, Germany as part of the outreach activities in the framework of Netzwerk Teilchenwelt . Via Cosmic@Web , high school and university students can access data from astroparticle physics experiments and experience the workflow of scientific research in this field by pursuing their own or suggested research questions. Data from various experiments located in different areas of the world can be used to study cosmic weather effects and muon properties. The analysis can be performed without any coding experience. The graphical interface allows to visualize data in several plot types and offers possibilities of data fitting as well as data reduction and corrections. So far, Cosmic@Web has been used by German high school students during internships at research institutes like DESY , for a research component as part of their high school degree as well as within projects in software development and coding. Connections to other established contents of high school physics curricula will be pointed out and the design of a Cosmic@Web workshop for high school students and teachers will be presented. Furthermore, the acceptance of the tool by students and teachers as well as their feedback during and after its introduction in the workshops will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89730512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Klimov, S. Sharakin, M. Zotov, M. Bertaina, F. Fenu
The TUS detector was the first space-based mission aimed for ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) measurements. The detector was designed to register the fluorescent signal of extensive air showers (EAS) developing in the night atmosphere of Earth in the UV range of 300-400 nm. TUS was launched on board the Lomonosov satellite in April, 2016 and operated till December, 2017. Almost 90 thousand events were recorded during the mission, among them lightning discharges, meteors, transient luminous events, polar lights and anthropogenic signals. Some puzzling bright UV flashes in a clear sky far from possible artificial sources were also registered. Besides this, a number of EAS candidates were found in the TUS database. The majority of candidates analysed so far were recorded above populated areas near airports or similar objects, and the energy of the signals corresponds to at least 1 ZeV if they were generated by an UHECR, which does not allow one to consider these events as UHECRs. We briefly present the main results of the TUS experiment and discuss its importance for the development of the future orbital missions.
{"title":"Main results of the TUS experiment on board the Lomonosov satellite","authors":"P. Klimov, S. Sharakin, M. Zotov, M. Bertaina, F. Fenu","doi":"10.22323/1.395.0316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0316","url":null,"abstract":"The TUS detector was the first space-based mission aimed for ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) measurements. The detector was designed to register the fluorescent signal of extensive air showers (EAS) developing in the night atmosphere of Earth in the UV range of 300-400 nm. TUS was launched on board the Lomonosov satellite in April, 2016 and operated till December, 2017. Almost 90 thousand events were recorded during the mission, among them lightning discharges, meteors, transient luminous events, polar lights and anthropogenic signals. Some puzzling bright UV flashes in a clear sky far from possible artificial sources were also registered. Besides this, a number of EAS candidates were found in the TUS database. The majority of candidates analysed so far were recorded above populated areas near airports or similar objects, and the energy of the signals corresponds to at least 1 ZeV if they were generated by an UHECR, which does not allow one to consider these events as UHECRs. We briefly present the main results of the TUS experiment and discuss its importance for the development of the future orbital missions.","PeriodicalId":20473,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84078446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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