Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii最新文献

Breast cancer patients (BC) have a high risk of cardiotoxicity (CT) due to a combination of cancer treatments.Cardiovascular (CV) complications lead to delay or withdrawal of BC therapy and worsen the survival. Therefore, it isimportant to detect CT at the early stages before the occurrence of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure (HF) signs.

Objective: to study the dynamic changes of high-sensitivity (hs) troponin (Tn) T (hs-TnT) level in BC patients during cancer treatment with the use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) to predict and prevent CV complications during individualized management.

Material and methods: 40 BC patients were included in the pilot study. The analysis of the dynamic changes of hs-TnT and ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) was performed before and within 6 months of cancer treatment. Based on the data analysis, a definition of a significant increase in hs-TnT was developed and proposed. Therise of hs-TnT was calculated by the difference (%) between its baseline level and in the 6 months of cancer treatment. BC patients are grouped into tertiles according to the hs-TnT increase: group 1 - low level (0-50 %), group 2 -moderate level (> 50-100 %), and group 3 - high level (> 100 %).

Results: Before the start of cancer treatment, LVEF did not differ significantly between groups (mean EF (62.6 ± 1.0) %)and the hs-TnT level was also within normal values (0.008±0.001 ng/ml). In 6 months of cancer treatment, LVEF waswithin the normal ranges and did not differ significantly in patients of group 1. However, in patients of groups 2and 3 - LVEF drop (δLV EF) was 5.7 % (р < 0.01) and 10.8 % (р < 0.01), consequently. According to the correlationanalysis, the percentage of increase in hs-TnT (δhs-TnT) was associated with δEF LV (r = 0.39, р < 0.05) and the useof anthracyclines (AC) (r = 0.37, р < 0.05). Using logistic regression and ROC analysis, the diagnostic threshold valueof the hs-TnT increase > 165 % was defined, which can be considered as a reliable marker of early biochemical CT,with a sensitivity of 99 % and a specificity of 56 %.

Conclusions: In BC patients, based on the level of hs-TnT increase, proposed a new early biochemical CT detectionmethod. Under the new approach, BC patients with hsTnT increase of > 165 % from baseline can be considered as areliable marker of early biochemical CT, with a sensitivity of 99 % and a specificity of 56 %.

The scope of scientific literature was reviewed to summarize the data on the 223Radichloride therapy for castration resistant forms of prostate cancer. Key advantages of the alphaemitters over betaemitting radionuclides are highlighted in the treatment of hormoneresistant bone metastases. Data demonstrating an association between the 223Radichloride treatment effectiveness and absorbed therapeutic doses were analyzed. Dependence between the 223Ra and 18Ffluoride absorbed doses in bone metastases was evaluated, which should be taken into account in a positron emission tomography monitoring. Results of studies examining the uptake of 18Ffluoride to predict the 223Radichloride accumulation during the first course of treatment were analyzed. Research areas requiring further concern have been identified through the literature review, namely: study of the relationship between an absorbed dose and other clinically relevant endpoints, including pain index, changes in alkaline phosphatase or prostate antigen levels, survival rates, and development of alternative treatment regimens depending on the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical dose.

Objective: the key factors identification in radiation dose formation in population of radiologically contaminatedareas of Zhytomyr oblast in the current period of accident through complex radiation and hygienic monitoring in reference settlements in 2021.

Materials and methods: For complex radiationhygienic monitoring in Zhytomyr oblast, 10 settlements were chosen - Narodychi, Selets, Bazar, Rudnya Bazarska, Khrystynivka - zone 2, Motiyki, Zalissya, Davydky, Radcha, Nova Radcha - zone 3 of Narodychi district, in which the highest radiation doses were recorded after the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The research was carried out in June 2021. In order to determine the doses of internal radiation, 645 measurements were performed on whole body counters (WBC) (478 adults and 167 children). The 44 samples of milk, 45 samples of potatoes and vegetables, and 38 samples of wild products were collected in local farms and measured for the 137Cs and 90Sr content. Residents of the studied settlements (n = 220, 175 adults, and 45 children) were interviewed about the levels of consumption of staple foodstuffs. External radiation doses were evaluated in all the studied settlements. Mathematical, dosimetry, and radiochemical methods were applied.

Results and conclusions: Annual effective radiation doses of Zhytomyr oblast population in 2021 were formedmainly due to internal radiation ones that not exceeded 1.8 mSv * year-1 in adults and 0.5 mSv * year-1 in children against the radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) criterion of 1 mSv * year-1. Intake of 137Cs with milk and wild mushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of diet in Zhytomyr oblast area and have consistently high levels of radioactive cesium contamination, remains a key factor of internal radiation dose forming in residents of the surveyed settlements of Zhytomyr oblast.

Objective: to determine the association of catalase С-262Т gene polymorphism with the presence of bronchial hyper-reactivity in children living in radioactively contaminated territories.

Materials and methods: There were examined school-age children-residents of radioactively contaminated territories (RCT), who did not have clinical signs of respiratory pathology. Catalase (CAT) С-262Т gene deletion polymorphism was studied in the molecular genetic laboratory of the State Institution «Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine». Determination of the polymorphic variant by the catalase С-262Т gene was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific oligonucleotide primers, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The CAT С-262Т gene polymorphism in children living in RCT was compared with that in the reference group of practically healthy individuals. Ventilation lung capacity was performed by computer spirometry according to the analysis of the loop «the flow-volume». A pharmacological inhalation test with a bronchodilator that acts on β2-adrenergic receptors of the lungs was used to detect early changes in the ventilatory capacity of the lungs - bronchial hyperreactivity.

Results: Comparative analysis showed that in the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity in children living in RCT, the CT genotype was more common than in children without bronchial hyperreactivity, and the frequency of the CC genotype was correspondingly reduced. There was a trend towards a decrease in the frequency of the TT genotype. An analysis of the frequency distribution of allelic variants of the CAT С-262Т gene polymorphism in children living in the RCT revealed a tendency to increase in the frequency of the T-allele and according to the decrease in the frequency of C-allele in the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity.Сonclusions. Thus, among children living in RCT, CT-homozygotes of CAT С-262Т gene polymorphism had bronchial hyperreactivity probably more often than CC-heterozygotes. In the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity, there was a trend towards an increase in the frequency of the T-allele and, accordingly, a decrease in the frequency of the C-allele.

Strabismus is a significant cause of a decrease in the functional capabilities of the organ of vision, additionally, it leads to the deteriorating quality of life. Orbital factors and nervous system changes may play an important role in strabismus pathogenesis. There are few reports on binocular vision disorders in radiation-exposed persons.Functions of the external eyeball muscles might be disturbed based on the changed coordination process of subcortical nerve structures and due to altered metabolism. A carefully conducted research is necessary to clarify the possible pathogenesis of binocular vision disorders in radiation-exposed persons.

Objective: to assess the peculiarities of the development of strabismus and binocular vision disorders in people who were exposed to ionizing radiation in utero; to investigate the changes in distribution and appearance of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV between non-irradiated persons with normal binocular vision and patients with strabismus.

Materials and methods: 583 persons, irradiated in utero because of the Chornobyl disaster were examined (at the time of examination average age was 11.3 ± 0.1 years). The control group - 808 people - Kyiv residents. Overall, 15 non-irradiated eyeball muscle samples were examined. 10 were from strabismus patients and 5 were controls. To evaluate morphological structure haematoxylin and eosin staining were used. For the detection of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV biotin-avidin (IMH) immunohistochemistry method was performed. Semi-quantitative grading method was used for the evaluation of immunoreactive structure appearance and local distribution.

Results: An increased frequency of divergent strabismus (p = 0.04190) and heterophoria (p = 0.002603) was found in the group exposed to prenatal (fetal) radiation because of the Chornobyl disaster compared to the control group. The relative risk of heterophoria was 5.08 (1.42 - 18.13). A decrease in dystrophin, myosin, and collagen IV positive structures was observed in non-irradiated strabismus-affected eyeball muscles compared to the control group.

Conclusions: Detected changes indicate an increased probability in the development of strabismus in persons who had been exposed to fetal radiation. Non-irradiated strabismus-affected eyeball muscles are characterized by diminished myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV immunohistochemical structures. Additionally, determined qualitative morphological changes in skeletal striated muscle fibers lead to the changed structural organization, indicating possible muscular dystrophy. Thereby, the presence of dystrophic processes in the eyeball muscles may play a significant role in the morphopatogenesis of strabismus. Further morphological studies are necessary to clarify the development of binocular vision disorder and the methods of their correction. These studies would be especially imp

Objective: to determine the severity of gingivitis in children with teeth formation disorders - residents of the ter-ritories contaminated with radionuclides as a result of Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident.

Materials and methods: The object of the study is 1470 children aged 6-14 years with dental malformations, 528 amomg them are residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the ChNPP with the identified types of disorders of teeth formation (DTF) (systemic enamel hypoplasia (SEH) and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)), and different stages of the severity of gingivitis.

Results: Determining of the degree of severity of gingivitis in children with DTF indicates the presence of its lesion of a moderate degree of the severity with a prevalence in persons with SEH or MIH and chronic diseases of internal organs suffered after the ChNPP accident.

Conclusions: In irradiated children with DTF, an average degree of severity of gingivitis was established (РМА = (43.03 ± 19.64) %, p > 0.001), which may be due to the effect of a complex of negative factors, in particular the influence of low doses of ionizing radiation, the peculiarities of the social status of the examined persons (imbalanced nutrition), unsatisfactory oral hygiene. In children suffered after the ChNPP accident with SEH, the indicators of the PMA index were reliable (p > 0.05) higher compared to individuals with MIH, which indicates a more pronounced degree of periodont damage. Revealed damage to periodont, in particular gingivitis, in children with DTF residents of the contaminated territories, probably caused by the action of a complex of negative environmental factors, in particular the influence of low doses of ionizing radiation, and the peculiarities of the social status of children, which requires a comprehensive approach to the prevention of complications of defects of hard tissues of the teeth.

The review presents literature data on the role of ionizing radiation as a negative environmental factor in the occurrence of plasma cell myeloma (PCM). The data of studies of various categories of irradiated persons regarding the incidence of PCM, in particular employees of nuclear enterprises and victims of the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, are given. The effect of cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-10) on PCM substrate cells was analyzed, including under conditions of combined action of IR and cytostatic agents in vitro.

Telomeres are the ending areas of chromosomes - protective «caps» that ensure the stability of chromosomes. Telomere shortening is one of the most important biological signs of aging and is involved in cellular aging and the «mitotic clock» mechanism. One of the known mechanisms of the impact of radiation on the aging process is damage to telomeres by free radicals. Oxidative stress has a toxic effect on telomere length. The increase in free radicals occurs under the action of both ionizing and nonionizing radiation, although antioxidant mechanisms are often able to neutralize harmful free radicals. Low doses of nonionizing and ionizing radiation even cause the activation of antioxidant systems, however, when the body is exposed to radiation at a high dose or for a long time, or if pathological processes with oxidative stress occur in the body, damage to cells becomes more noticeable, and aging processes accelerate. Maintaining telomere length and a normal rate of aging is important for health. In this review, we want to discuss the role of ionizing and nonionizing radiation in cellular aging, in particular, in the shortening of telomere length.

Objective: to establish the level of chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthyindividuals and cells from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) under co-cultivation conditions and to determine the possibility of inducing manifestations of the universal phenomenon of bystander response in them.

Materials and methods: Cytogenetic analysis of uniformly stained chromosomes from human PBL, which differed by cytogenetic markers of sex; the presence of oncological transformation and in vitro irradiation of 137Cs in a dose of 0.50 Gy under the conditions of their joint cultivation was performed.

Results: The frequency of chromosome aberrations in PBL from healthy individuals when co-cultured with the blood from CLL patients was 3.35 per 100 cells, exceeded the control (1.48 per 100 cells, р < 0.01), did not significantly differ from the rate in non-irradiated blood T-lymphocytes from patients with B-cell CLL (3.18 per 100 cells, р > 0.05) and was lower than when co-cultivated with irradiated blood from CLL patients (5.00 per 100 cells, р < 0.01). In irradiated in vitro blood lymphocytes from CLL patients, the mean group level of chromosome aberrations under separate cultivation was 12.36 per 100 cells and exceeded the indicator during their co-cultivation with lymphocytes from healthy individuals (8.35 per 100 cells, р < 0.05).

Conclusions: A tumor-induced bystander effect (TIBE) develops in PBL from healthy individuals when co-cultured with the blood from CLL patients and in T lymphocytes of B-cell CLL patients, the cytogenetic manifestation of which is an increase in the frequency of single chromatid fragments. The interaction of irradiated blood cells from CLL patients with lymphocytes from healthy individuals causes an increase in chromosomal instability in the latter due to the development of a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and leads to a decrease in the level of chromosomal instability in irradiated lymphocytes from CLL patients (rescue effect). An increase in the level of chromatid-type aberrations in T-lymphocytes of CLL patients during in vitro irradiation is a consequence of the development of RIBE against the background of TIBE.

Objective: To assess the metabolic processes in bone tissue and state of thyroid gland depending on iron metabolism parameters in children of pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal age, living on radiologically contaminated territories after the ChNPP accident.

Materials and methods: Children (n = 119) aged 6 to 18 years were examined and the 4 study groups were formed, featuring the childhood, pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal life periods. Clinical symptoms, iron metabolism parameters (serum iron (SI) and ferritin (SF) content, transferrin saturation coefficient), parameters of bone tissue metabolism (serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase (APh)), and amino acid content in urine were taken into account. Functional state of thyroid, titers of antibodies to thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) were assayed. Results and their discussion are presented depending on the age of children, biochemical parameters of blood, iron metabolism findings, thyroid gland function and individualized radiation doses.

Results: In 13.4 % of pubertal and post-pubertal children an elevated content of SI and SF was observed. APh levels were increased in 20.2 % of children (758.9 ± 16.3 U/l) being directly correlated with SI levels (rs = 0.50; р < 0.01). In 16.3 % of children of pubertal and post-pubertal age, in whom the level of SI was above 27 μmol/l, a direct correlation with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was established in case of the hormone content above 2.5 mU/l (rs = 0.50; р < 0.05). Serum creatinine level directly correlated with glycine content in urine (rs = 0.70), which is a part of collagen, and inversely correlated with serum APh (rs = -0.47), (р < 0.05). Under the levels of SI higher than (15.1 ± 1.2) μmol/l and SF higher than (87.5 ± 6.4) ng/ml, the TPOAb titer was higher than at lower iron concentrations (U-test = 64.5, р < 0.05). The TgAb titer directly correlated with SI (rs = 0.39) and TSH (rs = 0.81) levels (р < 0.01). The average effective radiation dose in children was (0.75 ± 0.10) mSv. A direct correlation was established between the child's radiation dose and age (rs = 0.33; р < 0.05).

Conclusions: Bone metabolism depends on the age of children, characteristics of pubertal period, excess of iron in the body, and functional state of thyroid system, which is involved in collagen formation and protein metabolism.