Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii最新文献

The objective was to study the relationship between clinical symptoms and the functional state of the bronchopulmonary system of clean-up workers of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the remote post-accident period.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 824 cases of COPD in male patients who underwent inpatienttreatment in the radiation pulmonology department from 2014 to 2024 was conducted. The observation groupsincluded 579 (70.3%) of clean-up workers (main group) and 245 (29.7%) of COPD patients (nosological control) whowere irradiated within the natural background. For prospective observation, 100 COPD clean-up workers and 30 COPDpatients from the nosological control group were selected. A complex of clinical and functional tests was provided. Results. In clean-up workers of Chornobyl NPP accident with COPD the regularities of damage to the bronchopulmonary system under the influence of ionizing radiation should be considered a change in the minimal clinicalsymptoms of the early period, the rapid development of fibrotic changes in the lungs and bronchial mucosa, whichis accompanied by a deepening of violations of functional pulmonary tests, structural and morphological changesaccording to the results of radiological research methods.Conclusions The analysis of various patterns and phenotypes of COPD requires further study in order to improveearly diagnosis and treatment of the disease, in particular in people who have exposure to ionizing radiation.

Objective: to determine the distribution of genotypes of genetic polymorphism of manganese superoxide dismutaseand to assess the ventilation lung capacity in children- residents of radioactively contaminated areas and childrenexposed to stressful life events during the war period.

Materials and methods: The study involved school-age children - residents of radioactively contaminated areas(RCA) and children exposed to stressful life events during wartime. All those examined had no clinical signs of respiratory pathology. Genotypes for the SOD2 Val16Ala genetic variant were determined using the polymerase chainreaction (PCR) method. The study of the ventilation lung capacity was assessed by the method of computer spirometry based on the flow-volume loop analysis data.

Results and conclusions: When studying the genotypes and alleles of the polymorphic marker SuperoxideDismutase 2 Gene Val16Alain children of group I and II, no significant differences were found between the frequencydistribution indicators of genotypes and alleles compared with the reference values of the those of the controlgroup, which consisted of practically healthy residents of the Middle East. Also, no significant differences in the frequency distribution of the C and T alleles of the polymorphic marker Superoxide Dismutase 2 Gene Val16Ala werefound in the children of both examined groups compared to other representatives of the Caucasian race (Lithuanians, Finns, Germans). Among children in groups I and II, there was a tendency toward a decrease in the frequency of occurrence of homozygotes with the CC genotype and an increase in the frequency of occurrence of heterozygotes with the CT genotype. Among children of both examined groups, in heterozygotes with the CT genotype of theSuperoxide Dismutase 2 Gene Val16Ala polymorphism, a tendency towards an increase in the frequency of bronchialhyperreactivity was observed compared to CC homozygotes. Analysis of the variant allele frequency distribution ofSOD2 Val16Ala polymorphism in children of both examined groups determined that in the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity there was a tendency toward an increase in the prevalence of the T allele and a decrease in the prevalence of the C allele.

Objective - to investigate the course of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in patients after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection taking into account anamnestic exposure to the ionizing radiation (IR).Methods. The study was performed in a group of 51 CLL patients who were admitted to the Department of Radiation hematology of the National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, from January 2020 (the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic) to August 2023. The group included 19 (37.3 %) clean-up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident, 15 (29.4 %) inhabitants of radionuclide contaminated areas and 17 (33.3 %) IR non-exposed patients. The diagnosis of CLL was based on clinical history, lymphocyte morphology, and immunophenotypic criteria. Statistical studies were performed using the SPSS software package, version 20.0.Results. The diagnosis of CLL was established for the first time in 14 patients, in seven of them, CLL was diagnosed after 2-17 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast to patients who did not suffer from a coronavirus infection, they had pronounced lymphadenopathy, which in some cases was accompanied by hyperleukocytosis, and needed early treatment. Thirteen patients with a previously established CLL were diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR test. In seven of them (53.8 %) starting treatment was needed, or CLL has progressed. Seven of 51 patients (13.5 %) were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Then, four of them were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by a positive PCR test, and two patients had a relapse of CLL within 1-2 months after vaccination. Most of patients with signs of the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on CLL belonged to sufferers of the Chornobyl NPP accident Conclusions. The clinical features of CLL that developed after SARS-CoV-2 were characterized firstly. The negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on previously established CLL was established. The question about vaccination of CLL patients remains debatable.

Objective: to assess the hormonal and metabolic disorders in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) accident survivors (AS), having got secondary normocalcemic non-renal hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in the late period upon exposure to ionizing radiation (IR).

Materials and methods: The routine clinical, anthropometric, instrumental (thyroid and parathyroid diagnosticultrasound), laboratory (biochemical, hormonal), statistical methods were applied. In both prospective (n = 48, control group n = 19) and retrospective studies the data of 2,234 subjects including 1,372 irradiated adults (862 non-irradiated persons in the control group) were evaluated. Clinical consequences of exposure to IR on the endocrine system were evaluated in ChNPP AS.

Results: High prevalence of vitamin D lack or deficiency was established retrospectively in 81.8 % of the ChNPP AS and in 89.5 % of the control group subjects. In general, there was neither effect of exposure to IR on the vitamin D status in study subjects, nor any difference between the study groups. According to diagnostic ultrasound patterns the parathyroid hyperplasia was diagnosed in 629 cases (28.2 %). Among the ChNPP AS it was found in 32.7 % of cases (n = 450) vs. 20.7 % (p > 0.005) in the control group (a 1.6-fold difference). HPT diagnosed as serum parathyroid hormone content > 65 ng/ml was diagnosed in 123 cases (21.1 %) i.e. in almost every fifth person. Increased serum level of parathyroid hormone was found in the 94 ChNPP AS and in 25 persons of the comparison group. In other words, the frequency of HPT was 23.7 % among the AS being significantly more than in the comparison group (13.2 %, p < 0.005). Frequency of normocalcemic non-renal HPT was slightly different by years of observation with a trend to the year-by-year increase.

Conclusions: High prevalence of vitamin D lack or deficiency was established in the ChNPP AS, being however independent of exposure to IR. Frequency of parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma was 1.6 times higher in the irradiated subjects than in persons of the control group. Annual increase in frequency of the non-renal normocalcemic HPT was also revealed reaching nowadays 23.7 % among the AS, which is significantly higher than in the comparison group.

Objective: evaluating the influence of sentinel lymph node biopsy without following completion lymph node dissection independent on sentinel lymph node status on the outcome in patients with skin melanoma.

Materials and methods: Three hundred nine patients with a primary skin melanoma were randomly assigned to wide excision of the primary tumor and sentinel lymph node biopsy without following completion lymph-node dissection independent on sentinel lymph node status or to wide excision of skin melanoma. Low-dose interferon was administrated in the adjuvant setting.

Results: 5-year disease-free survival rate was (85.1 ± 3.0) % in the wide excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy group and (78.4 ± 2.4) % in the wide excision group (hazard ratio, 0.69; p = 0.006). 5-year overall survival rates were similar in the two groups: (88.6 ± 3.0) % vs. (85.1 ± 2.4) %, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.97; p = 0.42.

Conclusion: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with skin melanoma increases disease-free survival rate without influence on overall survival, confirming the diagnostic, not therapeutical, value of this procedure.

The materials of the article are based on the results of our past studies of morphological and immunohistochemical features of placental damage due to 137Cs incorporation.

Objective: to determine the effectiveness of radioprotective therapy in preventing reproductive losses and perinatal consequences associated with the incorporation of radionuclides in the placenta.

Materials and methods: According to the research design, the first group consisted of 153 women with reproductive losses in anamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy. The control consisted of 30 women with a physiological pregnancy and an uncomplicated history. Based on the fact that one of the causes of premature termination of pregnancy is the vulnerable effect of 137Cs incorporated in the placenta, «Apple Pectin Antioxidant» (the «APA») with a high sorption potential was included in preventive measures regarding reproductive losses and perinatal consequences. The effectiveness of therapy with the inclusion of «Apple Pectin Antioxidant» was evaluated based on indicators of the fetoplacental complex and pregnancy scenarios. The results were compared with the effectiveness of standard treatment for habitual miscarriage of pregnancy.

Results: It was established that the destructive effect of incorporated 137Cs leads to placental dysfunction and fetal distress. Therapy with the inclusion of «APA» more significantly than standard treatment increases the progesterone-synthesizing function of the placenta, microcirculation, adaptation potential, and antioxidant protection of cells with the efficiency of 7.5 %, 10.7 %, 17.7 %, and 43.4 %, respectively. «APA» has a positive effect on the scenarios of pregnancy. «APA» in the composition of therapy to preserve pregnancy contributed to a decrease in the frequency of premature births by 11.4 % and an extension of their term to 34 weeks of gestation. Extending the gestational age of preterm birth reduced the frequency of severe asphyxia by 18.7 %, hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system injury by 13.5 %, respiratory distress by 17.3 %, and intraventricular hemorrhage 2nd and 3rd degrees by 12.7 %.All children were born alive due to the preservation of the compensatory ability of the placenta.

Conclusions: Termination of pregnancy is a universal reaction of the mother and the fetus to negative exogenous and endogenous influences. Placental dysfunction is the most frequent cause of reproductive losses. Incorporated 137Cs is one of the factors that disturb the architecture of the placenta. Extreme effects depend on the number of incorporated 137Cs and the compensatory capacity of the placenta. Today, the possibility of internal exposure to 137Cs is associated due to consumption of agricultural products. Unfortunately, the level of food contamination with radionuclides remains higher than permissible. Living in an area with a standard

Radiotherapy (RT) and radiation oncology are of essential role in the clinical treatment of cancer patients. The widely available imaging modalities such as diagnostic ultrasound, computer-assisted tomography, and contrast-enhanced MRI are used in clinical practice for diagnostics and management planning. Moreover, these methods are also used to monitor the treatment upon RT. However, some diagnostic issues cannot be sufficiently resolved by the simple use of standard morphological imaging. Thus, positron emission tomography is gaining an increasing clinical relevance in the management of cancer patients undergoing RT, as it allows to visualize and quantify the tumor features at a molecular level, such as tumor metabolism or receptor expression, beyond simple morphological patterns shown by the conventional imaging. This review focuses on the recent and current advances in imaging techniques, including PET imaging, in the diagnostics and planning of RT in some cancers, namely in cervical cancer.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders, accounting for about 10 % of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The most common subtype is peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unclassified (PTCL-NOS), accounting for about 26 % of all PTCLs. PTCL-NOS is associated with less favorable overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with aggressive B-cell lymphomas. The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of PTCL-NOS is still not definitively defined. The results of many studies show that the addition of radiation therapy to the treatment regimen is associated with a significant improvement in survival in patients with early-stage PTCL-NOS, but in the later stages, the benefit of radiation therapy is not obvious.

Objective: peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Since the role of radiation therapy is still unclear, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation therapy in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified.

Materials and methods: The work is based on clinical observations and treatment results of patients who were diagnosed between 2013 and 2023 at the National Cancer Institute (in the period from 2020 to 2023, patients were observed and treated as part of research). 56 patients were included in the study.

Results: The work analyzed the immediate results of the treatment of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified depending on the stage and type of treatment, as well as the overall survival of these patients. When analyzing the overall response to the treatment of patients with I/II stages of the disease, it was proven that this indicator is higher in the group of patients who received chemoradiotherapy, compared to patients who received only chemotherapy (100 % versus 83.3 %), and this indicator was higher due to patients who demonstrated a complete response to therapy (75 % vs. 50 %). Analyzing the response to treatment of patients with III/IV stages of the pathological process, it was established that there was no difference in the overall response to treatment, the level of complete and partial response to treatment. Analysis of the overall survival of patients with I/II stages of the disease, with a median follow-up of 60 months, demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival in the group of patients who received chemoradiotherapy compared to the group of patients who received only radiation therapy (median 48 vs. 22 months). Overall 1-year (78 % vs. 69 %), 3-year (64 % vs. 40 %), and 5-year (48 % vs. 35 %) were also higher in the chemoradiotherapy group. In the group of patients with III/IV stages of the disease, there was no difference in overall survival between patients who received chemoradiotherapy and patients who received only chemotherapy (median 16 vs. 13 months, 1-year survival 5

Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence of malignant oncohematological diseases structure among the population of the 4 most ecologically disadvantaged cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region, taking into account the possible influence of various adverse environmental factors (radiation and chemical pollution of air, water and soil) for the period 2006-2017.

Materials and methods: 1948 cases of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia in residents of 4 cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region were analyzed, taking into account the possible influence of adverse environmental factors (radiation, air pollution, etc.). We used clinical and hematological data per patient and statistic information on these diseasis incidence in the region.

Results: An analysis of the oncohematological patients incidence structure, namely: acute lymphoblastic (C91.0) and myeloblastic leukemia (C92.0), chronic lymphocytic (C91.1) and myeloid (C92.1) leukemia, over 12 years in environmentally disadvantaged cities of Dnipropetrovsk region have been conducted. A comparative analysis of the incidence of these diseases among the population of 4 cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region was carried out, taking into account the possible influence of adverse environmental factors (radiation, air pollution, etc.). An excess of the incidence rates of the above-mentioned oncohematological diseases for the period 2006-2017 was revealed in the cities of Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamianske and Zhovti Vody, where environmental factors significantly affect the increase in morbidity due to pollution mainly by radioactive and chemical substances.