On‐chip optical polarizer can extract the desired polarized light signal while filtering out the other polarized light signal, which plays a key role in integrated photonic circuits for purifying the desired polarized signal and reducing polarization crosstalk. However, most of the reported optical polarizers can only work for fundamental modes. With the rapid development of on‐chip multimode processing systems, arbitrary high‐order mode optical polarizers are more desirable. In this contribution, a TM‐pass optical multimode polarizer is proposed and demonstrated using subwavelength grating‐based anisotropic manipulation, which can achieve the polarizing of arbitrary TM high‐order mode theoretically, and the experimental results show the lowest polarization extinction ratio of the fabricated device can reach up to 21.2 dB under working for four‐mode (TM0, TM1, TM2, and TM3) system. The dynamic data transmission with the data rate of 64 Gbit s−1 has also been demonstrated to verify its potential for systematized applications in the future.
{"title":"Integrated Arbitrary Multimode TM‐Pass Polarizer Based on Anisotropic Optical Manipulation","authors":"Xudong Zhou, Li Chen, Hongtao Liao, Yongheng Jiang, Huifu Xiao, Jianhong Yang, Mingrui Yuan, Yu He, Yong Zhang, Yikai Su, Yonghui Tian","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400932","url":null,"abstract":"On‐chip optical polarizer can extract the desired polarized light signal while filtering out the other polarized light signal, which plays a key role in integrated photonic circuits for purifying the desired polarized signal and reducing polarization crosstalk. However, most of the reported optical polarizers can only work for fundamental modes. With the rapid development of on‐chip multimode processing systems, arbitrary high‐order mode optical polarizers are more desirable. In this contribution, a TM‐pass optical multimode polarizer is proposed and demonstrated using subwavelength grating‐based anisotropic manipulation, which can achieve the polarizing of arbitrary TM high‐order mode theoretically, and the experimental results show the lowest polarization extinction ratio of the fabricated device can reach up to 21.2 dB under working for four‐mode (TM<jats:sub>0</jats:sub>, TM<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>, TM<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and TM<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) system. The dynamic data transmission with the data rate of 64 Gbit s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> has also been demonstrated to verify its potential for systematized applications in the future.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there is a growing interest in lithium‐niobate‐on‐insulator (LNOI) photonics due to its superior material properties, particularly its large electro‐optical (EO) coefficient. As a promising method to improve the communication capacity, mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) has received intensive attention. However, achieving effective mode manipulation is challenging due to the hybridness nature of LNOI photonic waveguides. In this work, an innovative multi‐channel mode‐division‐multiplexing transmitter is proposed that integrates eight EO modulators with an eight‐channel mode multiplexer for the first time. To leverage the EO effect and enable on‐chip mode manipulation, the EO modulators are strategically designed along the y‐propagation direction to access the largest EO coefficient. Conversely, the mode multiplexer is designed along the z‐propagation direction to mitigate mode hybridness. Experimental results demonstrate that the present MDM transmitter exhibits low loss (<2.5 dB) and low crosstalk (−12–−17 dB) across the C‐band. The modulator features a voltage‐length product of 2.7 V·cm and an RF modulation damping of 2.0 dB even at 67 GHz. With the implementation of the proposed MDM transmitter, successful high‐capacity data transmissions of 8 × 60 Gbps On‐Off‐Keying signals and 8 × 50 Gbps four‐level pulse amplitude signals have been achieved with a single wavelength‐carrier.
{"title":"Mode‐Division‐Multiplexing Transmitter With Anisotropy Lithium‐Niobate‐on‐Insulator Photonic Waveguides","authors":"Weike Zhao, Mingyu Zhu, Xiaolin Yi, Hongxuan Liu, Hengzheng Cao, Siyuan Wang, Hao Yan, Fei Huang, Zejie Yu, Daoxin Dai","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400861","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there is a growing interest in lithium‐niobate‐on‐insulator (LNOI) photonics due to its superior material properties, particularly its large electro‐optical (EO) coefficient. As a promising method to improve the communication capacity, mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) has received intensive attention. However, achieving effective mode manipulation is challenging due to the hybridness nature of LNOI photonic waveguides. In this work, an innovative multi‐channel mode‐division‐multiplexing transmitter is proposed that integrates eight EO modulators with an eight‐channel mode multiplexer for the <jats:italic>first</jats:italic> time. To leverage the EO effect and enable on‐chip mode manipulation, the EO modulators are strategically designed along the <jats:italic>y</jats:italic>‐propagation direction to access the largest EO coefficient. Conversely, the mode multiplexer is designed along the <jats:italic>z</jats:italic>‐propagation direction to mitigate mode hybridness. Experimental results demonstrate that the present MDM transmitter exhibits low loss (<2.5 dB) and low crosstalk (−12–−17 dB) across the C‐band. The modulator features a voltage‐length product of 2.7 V·cm and an RF modulation damping of 2.0 dB even at 67 GHz. With the implementation of the proposed MDM transmitter, successful high‐capacity data transmissions of 8 × 60 Gbps On‐Off‐Keying signals and 8 × 50 Gbps four‐level pulse amplitude signals have been achieved with a single wavelength‐carrier.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser ablation has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating nanoparticles (NPs) on metal surfaces, as demonstrated by extensive experimental and simulation studies. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the self‐deposition of laser‐induced NPs remain unclear, owing to the complexity of the process influenced by various factors and their interactions. In contrast to prior research that solely focused on isolated factors, this research proposes an observation system designed to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of laser‐induced self‐deposition of NPs on a copper surface. This system integrates ultrashort exposure observation with the pump–probe method, enabling the capture of dynamically evolving phenomena within the time frame of laser ablation. The proposed probing techniques reveal that the plasma plume consistently aligns with the NP spatter boundary. Additionally, liquid NPs are observed to travel into the plume and evaporate at its boundary, while solid NPs are propelled in opposite directions owing to recoil pressure from jetting vapor, eventually settling around the laser‐irradiated area. This study offers comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of NP self‐deposition through laser ablation, which is critical for optimizing the laser parameters in micro/nanofabrication and advancing the fundamental research in laser manufacturing.
{"title":"Mechanism of Laser‐Induced Self‐Deposition of Nanoparticles Identified by In Situ Observation","authors":"Liwei Chen, Kazuya Matsuda, Yusuke Ito, Huijie Sun, Naohiko Sugita, Masayuki Nakao, Keisuke Nagato","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400388","url":null,"abstract":"Laser ablation has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating nanoparticles (NPs) on metal surfaces, as demonstrated by extensive experimental and simulation studies. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the self‐deposition of laser‐induced NPs remain unclear, owing to the complexity of the process influenced by various factors and their interactions. In contrast to prior research that solely focused on isolated factors, this research proposes an observation system designed to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of laser‐induced self‐deposition of NPs on a copper surface. This system integrates ultrashort exposure observation with the pump–probe method, enabling the capture of dynamically evolving phenomena within the time frame of laser ablation. The proposed probing techniques reveal that the plasma plume consistently aligns with the NP spatter boundary. Additionally, liquid NPs are observed to travel into the plume and evaporate at its boundary, while solid NPs are propelled in opposite directions owing to recoil pressure from jetting vapor, eventually settling around the laser‐irradiated area. This study offers comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of NP self‐deposition through laser ablation, which is critical for optimizing the laser parameters in micro/nanofabrication and advancing the fundamental research in laser manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao‐Xu Fang, Hao‐Yang Du, Xiuquan Zhang, Lei Wang, Feng Chen, He Lu
Thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) emerges as a promising platform for integrated quantum photon source, enabling scalable on‐chip quantum information processing. The most popular technique to overcome the phase mismatching between interacting waves in waveguide is periodic poling, which is intrinsically sensitive to poling uniformity. Here, an alternative strategy to offset the phase mismatching of spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) process, so‐called modal phase matching, in a straight waveguide fabricated on a dual‐layer LNOI is reported. The dual‐layer LNOI consists of two 300 nm lithium niobates with opposite directions, which significantly enhances the spatial overlap between fundamental and high‐order modes and thus enables efficient SPDC. This dual‐layer waveguide generates photon pairs with pair generation rate of 41.77 GHz , which exhibits excellent signal‐to‐noise performance with coincidence‐to‐accidental ratio up to 58298 1297. Moreover, a heralded single‐photon source with second‐order autocorrelation and heralded rate exceeding 100 kHz is observed. The results provide an experiment‐friendly approach for efficient generation of quantum photon sources and benefit the on‐chip quantum information processing based on LNOI.
{"title":"High‐Efficiency On‐Chip Quantum Photon Source in Modal Phase‐Matched Lithium Niobate Nanowaveguide","authors":"Xiao‐Xu Fang, Hao‐Yang Du, Xiuquan Zhang, Lei Wang, Feng Chen, He Lu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400782","url":null,"abstract":"Thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) emerges as a promising platform for integrated quantum photon source, enabling scalable on‐chip quantum information processing. The most popular technique to overcome the phase mismatching between interacting waves in waveguide is periodic poling, which is intrinsically sensitive to poling uniformity. Here, an alternative strategy to offset the phase mismatching of spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) process, so‐called modal phase matching, in a straight waveguide fabricated on a dual‐layer LNOI is reported. The dual‐layer LNOI consists of two 300 nm lithium niobates with opposite directions, which significantly enhances the spatial overlap between fundamental and high‐order modes and thus enables efficient SPDC. This dual‐layer waveguide generates photon pairs with pair generation rate of 41.77 GHz , which exhibits excellent signal‐to‐noise performance with coincidence‐to‐accidental ratio up to 58298 1297. Moreover, a heralded single‐photon source with second‐order autocorrelation and heralded rate exceeding 100 kHz is observed. The results provide an experiment‐friendly approach for efficient generation of quantum photon sources and benefit the on‐chip quantum information processing based on LNOI.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Yan, Xunzhou Xiao, Qinxue Nie, Zhen Wang, Yifan Chen, Jiahao Wu, Nansen Zhou, Renjie Zhou, Sen Yang, Wei Ren
Laser spectroscopy offers a significant tool for revealing specific molecular details with the desired accuracy and sensitivity. However, it poses challenges to maintain high sensitivity when targeting a micro‐region. Here, a dual‐enhanced photothermal approach is presented using a high‐finesse fiber Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity, tailored for highly sensitive chemical sensing with nanoliter‐scale light–matter interaction. A spheric surface (diameter: 50 µm, radius of curvature: 910 µm) is created on the fiber tip using focused ion beam milling. By adding a high‐reflectivity dielectric coating to the spheric surface, a fiber F–P cavity is obtained with a length of 473 µm and a finesse exceeding 4000. The intra‐cavity pump light within the gas‐filled fiber cavity generates a strong photothermal effect upon gas absorption. This effect induces phase modulation, which is amplified and detected by coupling a probe laser to the fiber cavity‐based interferometer. A minimum detection limit of 10 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) of C2H2 at 1530.37 nm is demonstrated using only 1 mW of pump power, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 9.1×10−11 cm−1∙W∙Hz−1/2. This platform breaks the bottleneck of ultrasensitive gas detection with a very short light–matter interaction length, promising significant advancements in microscale chemical analysis through optical investigations.
{"title":"Nanoliter‐Scale Light–Matter Interaction in a Fiber‐Tip Cavity Enables Sensitive Photothermal Gas Detection","authors":"Yue Yan, Xunzhou Xiao, Qinxue Nie, Zhen Wang, Yifan Chen, Jiahao Wu, Nansen Zhou, Renjie Zhou, Sen Yang, Wei Ren","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400907","url":null,"abstract":"Laser spectroscopy offers a significant tool for revealing specific molecular details with the desired accuracy and sensitivity. However, it poses challenges to maintain high sensitivity when targeting a micro‐region. Here, a dual‐enhanced photothermal approach is presented using a high‐finesse fiber Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity, tailored for highly sensitive chemical sensing with nanoliter‐scale light–matter interaction. A spheric surface (diameter: 50 µm, radius of curvature: 910 µm) is created on the fiber tip using focused ion beam milling. By adding a high‐reflectivity dielectric coating to the spheric surface, a fiber F–P cavity is obtained with a length of 473 µm and a finesse exceeding 4000. The intra‐cavity pump light within the gas‐filled fiber cavity generates a strong photothermal effect upon gas absorption. This effect induces phase modulation, which is amplified and detected by coupling a probe laser to the fiber cavity‐based interferometer. A minimum detection limit of 10 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) of C<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> at 1530.37 nm is demonstrated using only 1 mW of pump power, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 9.1×10<jats:sup>−11</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>∙W∙Hz<jats:sup>−1/2</jats:sup>. This platform breaks the bottleneck of ultrasensitive gas detection with a very short light–matter interaction length, promising significant advancements in microscale chemical analysis through optical investigations.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihuan Ding, Long Zhang, Dajian Liu, Lijia Song, Daoxin Dai
A multi‐object silicon photonic spectrometer with N input ports is proposed and realized by integrating a multi‐channel passband optical filter (POF), a tunable narrow‐band optical filter as well as a calibration‐free N × 1 Mach–Zehnder switch (MZS) array. Here, the multi‐channel POF consisting of a multimode waveguide grating (MWG) and a mode (de)multiplexer is used to achieve a broadened working window and an enhanced dynamic range for the present spectrometer, while the narrow‐band optical filter is realized with a thermally‐tunable Euler micro‐ring resonator (EMR) for achieving a very high spectral resolution. The introduction of the N × 1 MZS enables the time‐division‐multiplexed (TDM) spectrum analysis for multiple objects. In this paper, a multi‐object silicon photonic spectrometer with 16 input ports is demonstrated with an on‐chip loss of less than 3 dB and inter‐channel crosstalk as low as −25 dB. This multi‐object spectrometer can be used to analyze the spectra of 16 objects one by one by setting the 16 × 1 MZS, the resolution is as high as 50 pm, and the working window is ≈84 nm.
{"title":"Multi‐Object Silicon Photonic Spectrometer","authors":"Zhihuan Ding, Long Zhang, Dajian Liu, Lijia Song, Daoxin Dai","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400671","url":null,"abstract":"A multi‐object silicon photonic spectrometer with N input ports is proposed and realized by integrating a multi‐channel passband optical filter (POF), a tunable narrow‐band optical filter as well as a calibration‐free N × 1 Mach–Zehnder switch (MZS) array. Here, the multi‐channel POF consisting of a multimode waveguide grating (MWG) and a mode (de)multiplexer is used to achieve a broadened working window and an enhanced dynamic range for the present spectrometer, while the narrow‐band optical filter is realized with a thermally‐tunable Euler micro‐ring resonator (EMR) for achieving a very high spectral resolution. The introduction of the N × 1 MZS enables the time‐division‐multiplexed (TDM) spectrum analysis for multiple objects. In this paper, a multi‐object silicon photonic spectrometer with 16 input ports is demonstrated with an on‐chip loss of less than 3 dB and inter‐channel crosstalk as low as −25 dB. This multi‐object spectrometer can be used to analyze the spectra of 16 objects one by one by setting the 16 × 1 MZS, the resolution is as high as 50 pm, and the working window is ≈84 nm.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a powerful label‐free imaging technique that leverages biomolecular vibrations and is widely used in different fields. However, its intrinsic non‐resonant background (NRB) can distort Raman signals and compromise spectral fidelity. Conventional data analysis methods for CARS encounter a bottleneck in achieving high accuracy. Furthermore, CARS requires balancing imaging speed against image quality. In recent years, endeavors in deep learning have effectively overcome these obstacles, advancing the development of CARS. This review highlights the research that applies deep learning to mitigate NRB, classify CARS data for disease identification, and denoise images. Each approach is delineated in terms of network architecture, training data, and loss functions. Finally, the challenges in this field is discussed and using the latest deep learning advancement is suggested to enhance the reliability and efficiency of CARS microscopy.
{"title":"Recent Progress in Deep Learning for Improving Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy","authors":"Bowen Yao, Fangrui Lin, Ziyi Luo, Qinglin Chen, Danying Lin, Zhigang Yang, Jia Li, Junle Qu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400562","url":null,"abstract":"Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a powerful label‐free imaging technique that leverages biomolecular vibrations and is widely used in different fields. However, its intrinsic non‐resonant background (NRB) can distort Raman signals and compromise spectral fidelity. Conventional data analysis methods for CARS encounter a bottleneck in achieving high accuracy. Furthermore, CARS requires balancing imaging speed against image quality. In recent years, endeavors in deep learning have effectively overcome these obstacles, advancing the development of CARS. This review highlights the research that applies deep learning to mitigate NRB, classify CARS data for disease identification, and denoise images. Each approach is delineated in terms of network architecture, training data, and loss functions. Finally, the challenges in this field is discussed and using the latest deep learning advancement is suggested to enhance the reliability and efficiency of CARS microscopy.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapidly‐developed nanophotonics enable the realization of highly‐precise, ultra‐compact full Stokes polarimeters. However, realizing large‐area well‐designed structures with complex chiral morphology and subwavelength size is still a challenge to the current micro/nano‐engineering technology. Here, one high‐performance, ultra‐compact, and one‐shot full‐Stokes polarimeters in the ultraviolent waveband for the first time based on the long‐range disorder chiral shells fabricated by the micro‐sphere lithography are experimentally demonstrated. This chiral–shell monolayer owns strong and distinct optical chirality and anisotropy between the shells in adjacent micro‐domains and thus leads to different photo‐electric responses to the incident polarized lights for the photodetectors placed underneath. Through employing the residual convolutional neural network to extract the Stokes parameter , a small detection averaged mean square error (MSE) of <0.5% from 316 nm to 410 nm is realized, and the minimum MSEs at 361 nm can reach recorded values of ≈0.02% (), 0.017% (), and 0.014% (). The influence of exposure time and pixel number, and the system stability are systematically investigated. This work brings new inspiration for the disorder structures based on Bottom‐Up methods, high‐performance polarimeters, and polarization imaging devices.
{"title":"Long‐Range Disorder MetaSurface Enabled High‐Performance One‐Shot Ultraviolet Full‐Stokes Polarimeter","authors":"Shanshan Huang, Shilin Xian, Jialong Peng, Xiu Yang, Jinglei Du, Yidong Hou","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400784","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly‐developed nanophotonics enable the realization of highly‐precise, ultra‐compact full Stokes polarimeters. However, realizing large‐area well‐designed structures with complex chiral morphology and subwavelength size is still a challenge to the current micro/nano‐engineering technology. Here, one high‐performance, ultra‐compact, and one‐shot full‐Stokes polarimeters in the ultraviolent waveband for the first time based on the long‐range disorder chiral shells fabricated by the micro‐sphere lithography are experimentally demonstrated. This chiral–shell monolayer owns strong and distinct optical chirality and anisotropy between the shells in adjacent micro‐domains and thus leads to different photo‐electric responses to the incident polarized lights for the photodetectors placed underneath. Through employing the residual convolutional neural network to extract the Stokes parameter , a small detection averaged mean square error (MSE) of <0.5% from 316 nm to 410 nm is realized, and the minimum MSEs at 361 nm can reach recorded values of ≈0.02% (), 0.017% (), and 0.014% (). The influence of exposure time and pixel number, and the system stability are systematically investigated. This work brings new inspiration for the disorder structures based on Bottom‐Up methods, high‐performance polarimeters, and polarization imaging devices.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used functional materials for hole transport layer in perovskite light-emitting diode (LED). Tuning its work function (WF) and conductivity (κ) is a key issue for promoting perovskite LED performance. While decreasing its WF always reduces its κ and vice versa. Solving such contradiction is quite significant for promoting the development and commercialization of perovskite LED. Herein, the aniline (Ani) is employed for PEDOT:PSS interface modification. Ani inserted between PEDOT and PSS to weaken electrostatic interaction between sulfonic acid group in PSS chain and thiophene group in PEDOT chain, which results in increased delocalized electrons to enhance its κ. More importantly, the acid–base reaction decreases high acidity of PEDOT:PSS, which is an effective way to increase its WF and decrease its interface defects density. Meanwhile, such interface modification avoids PEDOT:PSS phase separation and ensures the uniformity of film. After Ani modification, the WF of PEDOT:PSS increase from 5.16 to 5.31 eV, the κ increases from 0.30 to 8.62 S cm−1, and the hole mobility enhances from 0.716 × 10−6 to 1.306 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1. Modified PEDOT:PSS boost CsPbI3 LED achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.70%.
聚（3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩）苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT:PSS）是最广泛应用于包晶发光二极管（LED）空穴传输层的功能材料之一。调节其功函数（WF）和电导率（κ）是提高透镜发光二极管性能的关键问题。降低其功函数总会降低其κ，反之亦然。解决这一矛盾对于促进透镜 LED 的开发和商业化意义重大。在此，我们采用苯胺（Ani）对 PEDOT:PSS 进行界面改性。Ani 插入 PEDOT 和 PSS 之间，削弱了 PSS 链中磺酸基团与 PEDOT 链中噻吩基团之间的静电作用，从而增加了析电子，提高了其 κ。更重要的是，酸碱反应会降低 PEDOT:PSS 的高酸度，从而有效增加其 WF 值并降低其界面缺陷密度。同时，这种界面改性避免了 PEDOT:PSS 的相分离，保证了薄膜的均匀性。经过 Ani 修饰后，PEDOT:PSS 的 WF 从 5.16 eV 提高到 5.31 eV，κ 从 0.30 S cm-1 提高到 8.62 S cm-1，空穴迁移率从 0.716 × 10-6 提高到 1.306 × 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1。改性 PEDOT:PSS 促进 CsPbI3 LED 实现了 17.70% 的最大外部量子效率。
{"title":"Solving the Contradiction of Work Function and Conductivity in PEDOT:PSS to Achieve High-Performance Perovskite Light-Emitting Diode via Aniline Interface Modification","authors":"Wei Shen, Yanxing He, Yanfeng Chen, Shuo Chen, Zhihua Chen, Chenxi Liu, Hao Cui, Suyun Liu, Lihui Liu, Gang Cheng, Shufen Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400707","url":null,"abstract":"Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used functional materials for hole transport layer in perovskite light-emitting diode (LED). Tuning its work function (WF) and conductivity (κ) is a key issue for promoting perovskite LED performance. While decreasing its WF always reduces its κ and vice versa. Solving such contradiction is quite significant for promoting the development and commercialization of perovskite LED. Herein, the aniline (Ani) is employed for PEDOT:PSS interface modification. Ani inserted between PEDOT and PSS to weaken electrostatic interaction between sulfonic acid group in PSS chain and thiophene group in PEDOT chain, which results in increased delocalized electrons to enhance its κ. More importantly, the acid–base reaction decreases high acidity of PEDOT:PSS, which is an effective way to increase its WF and decrease its interface defects density. Meanwhile, such interface modification avoids PEDOT:PSS phase separation and ensures the uniformity of film. After Ani modification, the WF of PEDOT:PSS increase from 5.16 to 5.31 eV, the κ increases from 0.30 to 8.62 S cm<sup>−1</sup>, and the hole mobility enhances from 0.716 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 1.306 × 10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Modified PEDOT:PSS boost CsPbI<sub>3</sub> LED achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.70%.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Far-red (FR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technologies have attracted extensive attention. How to obtain luminescent materials suitable to FR-NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) is a crucial challenge. Herein, a Si3N4-substitution strategy is employed to regulate the luminescence of Gd3Ga5O12:Cr3+ (GGG:Cr3+) phosphors. The bandwidth of GGG:Cr3+ is 95 nm, and then it is broadened to 116 nm due to the Si3N4-substitution. Furthermore, at 423 K the thermal stability is enhanced to 98.7% of that at room temperature, which is higher than the reported 92.7%@423 K for the Si3N4-free sample. The intensity of the optimal specimen is elevated 2.9 times compared with the Si3N4-free sample sintered at the same condition. The FR pc-LED is manufactured by using the optimized sample, and its FR output power is 47.1 mW with a conversion efficiency of 15.9% driven by 100 mA. This work paves a new way to design high-performance NIR phosphors.
{"title":"Enhanced Thermally Stability and Broadened Emission for Gd3Ga5O12:Cr3+ Phosphors via Si3N4 Substitution","authors":"Sunyuezi Chen, Ziwei Lu, Yongfu Liu, Liangliang Zhang, Jiahua Zhang, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401163","url":null,"abstract":"Far-red (FR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technologies have attracted extensive attention. How to obtain luminescent materials suitable to FR-NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) is a crucial challenge. Herein, a Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-substitution strategy is employed to regulate the luminescence of Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> (GGG:Cr<sup>3+</sup>) phosphors. The bandwidth of GGG:Cr<sup>3+</sup> is 95 nm, and then it is broadened to 116 nm due to the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-substitution. Furthermore, at 423 K the thermal stability is enhanced to 98.7% of that at room temperature, which is higher than the reported 92.7%@423 K for the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-free sample. The intensity of the optimal specimen is elevated 2.9 times compared with the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-free sample sintered at the same condition. The FR pc-LED is manufactured by using the optimized sample, and its FR output power is 47.1 mW with a conversion efficiency of 15.9% driven by 100 mA. This work paves a new way to design high-performance NIR phosphors.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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