The emerging topological structures within electromagnetic fields have attracted great interest because of their unique properties and potential applications. Here, we introduce interesting electromagnetic spin-momentum topologies on silicon-based waveguides, characterized by spin skyrmion (meron-antimeron) arrays overlapped with momentum vortices yielding local transverse orbital angular momentum. These composite textures, derived from Poynting vortex streets, are produced by vectorial superpositions of two counter-propagating modes with different orders. Importantly, these topological structures can be dynamically controlled to transverse shift and longitudinal flow by modulating the relative amplitudes and phases (or frequencies) between the counter-propagating modes, respectively. The controllable topological spin-momentum flows uncovered here may open new doors to on-chip optical manipulation, sorting, waveguide quantum electrodynamics, and optofluidic techniques.
{"title":"Topological Spin-Momentum Flows on a Silicon Chip","authors":"Peilin Liu, Jiayi Zhang, Jinman Chen, Qinjun Chen, Chujun Zhao, Liang Fang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501647","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging topological structures within electromagnetic fields have attracted great interest because of their unique properties and potential applications. Here, we introduce interesting electromagnetic spin-momentum topologies on silicon-based waveguides, characterized by spin skyrmion (meron-antimeron) arrays overlapped with momentum vortices yielding local transverse orbital angular momentum. These composite textures, derived from Poynting vortex streets, are produced by vectorial superpositions of two counter-propagating modes with different orders. Importantly, these topological structures can be dynamically controlled to transverse shift and longitudinal flow by modulating the relative amplitudes and phases (or frequencies) between the counter-propagating modes, respectively. The controllable topological spin-momentum flows uncovered here may open new doors to on-chip optical manipulation, sorting, waveguide quantum electrodynamics, and optofluidic techniques.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Kang, Tianmeng Zhang, Ziru Geng, Xiuying Liu, Jing Chen
Polarization singularities provide exceptional control over light, yet their potential is limited by challenges in controllably steering individual singularities and coordinating them collectively in the momentum space. We address this challenge by mapping the evolutionary pathways of multi-type singularities from bound states in the continuums (BICs) to degeneracy-associated polarization singularity in a dielectric Lieb-lattice photonic crystal slab. We demonstrate that a single parameter can orchestrate the birth, motion, and interconversion of singularities across different classes and bands. This capability enables three fundamental control modalities: (1) deterministic topological charge switching of Γ-BICs through bifurcation; (2) continuous trajectory control of off-Γ BICs along symmetry directions; (3) precise positioning of Dirac-type degeneracy-bound singularities. Significantly, our approach overcomes the traditional confinement of Dirac-type degeneracy-linked polarization singularities to high-symmetry locations, enabling their free migration throughout the momentum space. Our findings establish a new paradigm for synergistic singularity manipulation in planar photonics, and the underlying mechanism can be applied to other wave systems.
{"title":"Synergistic Control of Multi-Type Polarization Singularities in a Lieb Photonic Crystal Slab","authors":"Ming Kang, Tianmeng Zhang, Ziru Geng, Xiuying Liu, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202503105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202503105","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization singularities provide exceptional control over light, yet their potential is limited by challenges in controllably steering individual singularities and coordinating them collectively in the momentum space. We address this challenge by mapping the evolutionary pathways of multi-type singularities from bound states in the continuums (BICs) to degeneracy-associated polarization singularity in a dielectric Lieb-lattice photonic crystal slab. We demonstrate that a single parameter can orchestrate the birth, motion, and interconversion of singularities across different classes and bands. This capability enables three fundamental control modalities: (1) deterministic topological charge switching of Γ-BICs through bifurcation; (2) continuous trajectory control of off-Γ BICs along symmetry directions; (3) precise positioning of Dirac-type degeneracy-bound singularities. Significantly, our approach overcomes the traditional confinement of Dirac-type degeneracy-linked polarization singularities to high-symmetry locations, enabling their free migration throughout the momentum space. Our findings establish a new paradigm for synergistic singularity manipulation in planar photonics, and the underlying mechanism can be applied to other wave systems.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linlin Shi, Zuoxin Shi, Mingru Chang, Zhiyuan Gao, Yanxia Cui, Ting Ji, Guohui Li
Highly sensitive organic photomultiplication photodetectors (PM-OPDs) have important applications in the fields of communications, medicine, and environment. However, the prevalent use of acidity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) in PM-OPDs yields undesirable interfacial defects, resulting in the compromise of device performances. To avoid this, the bilayer interfacial engineering is introduced by incorporating an atomically-thick Al2O3 interlayer with MoO3 HTL. It reveals that engineering the bilayer is crucial for the high-quality MoO3 HTL and adjusts Ohmic contact to Schottky contact near anode, which facilitates the suppressed dark current and maximized photocurrent of the device. Besides, the device exhibits the photoresponse to short-wave infrared by P3HT:Y6 complex, because of the intermolecular charge transfer transition at the interface of P3HT and Y6. The results show that the bilayer-PM-OPDs manifest the high external quantum efficiency and responsivity of 5.94 × 103% and 57 A/W at 1200 nm, superior to the MoO3 control device (19.3%, 0.19 A/W, respectively). Simultaneously, the proposed device exhibits the detectivity of 1.28 × 1013 Jones at 1200 nm and a broad dynamic range of 105 and 45 dB at 850 and 1310 nm. This work opens new horizons for high-performance SWIR PM-OPDs in various applications.
{"title":"Bilayer Interfacial Engineering Enabling Highly Sensitive Organic Photomultiplication Photodetector Across to Short-Wave Infrared via Charge Transfer","authors":"Linlin Shi, Zuoxin Shi, Mingru Chang, Zhiyuan Gao, Yanxia Cui, Ting Ji, Guohui Li","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501543","url":null,"abstract":"Highly sensitive organic photomultiplication photodetectors (PM-OPDs) have important applications in the fields of communications, medicine, and environment. However, the prevalent use of acidity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) in PM-OPDs yields undesirable interfacial defects, resulting in the compromise of device performances. To avoid this, the bilayer interfacial engineering is introduced by incorporating an atomically-thick Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayer with MoO<sub>3</sub> HTL. It reveals that engineering the bilayer is crucial for the high-quality MoO<sub>3</sub> HTL and adjusts Ohmic contact to Schottky contact near anode, which facilitates the suppressed dark current and maximized photocurrent of the device. Besides, the device exhibits the photoresponse to short-wave infrared by P3HT:Y6 complex, because of the intermolecular charge transfer transition at the interface of P3HT and Y6. The results show that the bilayer-PM-OPDs manifest the high external quantum efficiency and responsivity of 5.94 × 10<sup>3</sup>% and 57 A/W at 1200 nm, superior to the MoO<sub>3</sub> control device (19.3%, 0.19 A/W, respectively). Simultaneously, the proposed device exhibits the detectivity of 1.28 × 10<sup>13</sup> Jones at 1200 nm and a broad dynamic range of 105 and 45 dB at 850 and 1310 nm. This work opens new horizons for high-performance SWIR PM-OPDs in various applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haodong Zhu, Ruiqi Yin, Zhengyu Chen, Yunxi Xiang, Ming Zhao, Zhenyu Yang
In multispectral imaging, traditional color filter arrays have long been constrained by an inherent limitation: the difficulty in achieving both high spectral accuracy and high optical efficiency simultaneously. To overcome this challenge, this paper applies the optical diffractive neural network (ODNN) to the Multi-channel color Router (MCR), proposing a novel MCR-ODNN architecture. MCR-ODNN uses multi-layer diffractive surfaces to achieve efficient spectral splitting and spatial routing of incident light, significantly enhancing multi-channel spectral separation capability while maintaining high optical energy efficiency. It supports a number of color routing channels far exceeding currently reported results. Research indicates that the multi-layer diffractive structure can effectively suppress inter-channel crosstalk, although its efficiency decays exponentially with an increasing number of layers. Furthermore, increasing the number of diffraction layers provides a greater performance improvement than increasing the neuron density within a single layer. This paper successfully fabricated and validated a 4-channel MCR-ODNN, with experimental measurements showing strong agreement with simulation data. This research provides an innovative technical pathway for high-fidelity color imaging and holds broad application prospects.
{"title":"A New Architecture for High-Channel Color Router Using Optical Diffractive Neural Networks","authors":"Haodong Zhu, Ruiqi Yin, Zhengyu Chen, Yunxi Xiang, Ming Zhao, Zhenyu Yang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502721","url":null,"abstract":"In multispectral imaging, traditional color filter arrays have long been constrained by an inherent limitation: the difficulty in achieving both high spectral accuracy and high optical efficiency simultaneously. To overcome this challenge, this paper applies the optical diffractive neural network (ODNN) to the Multi-channel color Router (MCR), proposing a novel MCR-ODNN architecture. MCR-ODNN uses multi-layer diffractive surfaces to achieve efficient spectral splitting and spatial routing of incident light, significantly enhancing multi-channel spectral separation capability while maintaining high optical energy efficiency. It supports a number of color routing channels far exceeding currently reported results. Research indicates that the multi-layer diffractive structure can effectively suppress inter-channel crosstalk, although its efficiency decays exponentially with an increasing number of layers. Furthermore, increasing the number of diffraction layers provides a greater performance improvement than increasing the neuron density within a single layer. This paper successfully fabricated and validated a 4-channel MCR-ODNN, with experimental measurements showing strong agreement with simulation data. This research provides an innovative technical pathway for high-fidelity color imaging and holds broad application prospects.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystalline symmetry offers a powerful tool to realize photonic topological phases, in which additional trivial claddings are typically required to confine topological boundary states. However, the utility of the trivial cladding in manipulating topological waves is often overlooked. Here, we demonstrate two topologically distinct kagome photonic crystals (KPCs) based on different crystalline symmetries: ‐symmetric KPCs exhibit a quantum spin Hall phase, while ‐symmetric KPCs serve as trivial cladding. By tuning the geometric parameter of the trivial cladding, we observe that a pair of topological interface states featured with pseudospin‐momentum locking undergoes a phase transition, accompanied by the appearance and disappearance of corner states in a finite hexagonal supercell. Such a geometry‐induced band inversion is characterized by a sign change in the Dirac mass of the topological interface states and holds potential for applications such as rainbow trapping. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the corner states, which are a hallmark of higher‐order topology, also depend critically on the trivial cladding. Our work highlights the crucial role of trivial claddings on the formation of topological boundary states, and offers a novel approach for their manipulation.
{"title":"Manipulation of Photonic Topological Edge and Corner States via Trivial Claddings","authors":"Hai‐Xiao Wang, Li Liang, Shuai Shao, Shiwei Tang, Junhui Hu, Yin Poo, Jian‐Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500685","url":null,"abstract":"Crystalline symmetry offers a powerful tool to realize photonic topological phases, in which additional trivial claddings are typically required to confine topological boundary states. However, the utility of the trivial cladding in manipulating topological waves is often overlooked. Here, we demonstrate two topologically distinct kagome photonic crystals (KPCs) based on different crystalline symmetries: ‐symmetric KPCs exhibit a quantum spin Hall phase, while ‐symmetric KPCs serve as trivial cladding. By tuning the geometric parameter of the trivial cladding, we observe that a pair of topological interface states featured with pseudospin‐momentum locking undergoes a phase transition, accompanied by the appearance and disappearance of corner states in a finite hexagonal supercell. Such a geometry‐induced band inversion is characterized by a sign change in the Dirac mass of the topological interface states and holds potential for applications such as rainbow trapping. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the corner states, which are a hallmark of higher‐order topology, also depend critically on the trivial cladding. Our work highlights the crucial role of trivial claddings on the formation of topological boundary states, and offers a novel approach for their manipulation.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reinforcement learning (RL) is vital for continuous decision-making in tasks such as robotic control and autonomous driving, yet conventional electronic hardware suffers from high energy consumption and latency due to the von Neumann bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a photonic spiking deep deterministic policy gradient (spiking-DDPG) RL architecture and demonstrate its hardware implementation on a photonic spiking neuromorphic chip (PSNC). The PSNC consists of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based photonic synaptic array and distributed feedback laser with saturable absorber (DFB-SA)-based photonic spiking neuron arrays, arranged symmetrically on both sides, enabling complete spiking neuron functionality and scalable photonic spiking neural networks (PSNNs). We deploy the PSNN Actor on the PSNC and combine it with an artificial neural network (ANN)-based Critic to form the spiking-DDPG architecture. On the Pendulum-v1 and MountainCarContinuous-v0 continuous control tasks, the scores achieved were −275 and 90, respectively. The estimated energy consumption is 494.07 pJ/inf with an inference latency of 388.74 ps/inf, nearly an order of magnitude better than electronic counterparts. These results demonstrate that the photonic spiking-DDPG architecture enables ultrafast, energy-efficient RL for continuous control, offering a promising route toward real-time decision-making in robotics and autonomous systems.
{"title":"A Hardware-Aware Photonic Spiking-DDPG Reinforcement Learning Architecture for Continuous Control","authors":"Xintao Zeng, Shuiying Xiang, Haowen Zhao, Yanan Han, Wanting Yu, Zhiquan Huang, Shangxuan Shi, Xingxing Guo, Yahui Zhang, Yuechun Shi, Yue Hao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502481","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforcement learning (RL) is vital for continuous decision-making in tasks such as robotic control and autonomous driving, yet conventional electronic hardware suffers from high energy consumption and latency due to the von Neumann bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a photonic spiking deep deterministic policy gradient (spiking-DDPG) RL architecture and demonstrate its hardware implementation on a photonic spiking neuromorphic chip (PSNC). The PSNC consists of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based photonic synaptic array and distributed feedback laser with saturable absorber (DFB-SA)-based photonic spiking neuron arrays, arranged symmetrically on both sides, enabling complete spiking neuron functionality and scalable photonic spiking neural networks (PSNNs). We deploy the PSNN Actor on the PSNC and combine it with an artificial neural network (ANN)-based Critic to form the spiking-DDPG architecture. On the Pendulum-v1 and MountainCarContinuous-v0 continuous control tasks, the scores achieved were −275 and 90, respectively. The estimated energy consumption is 494.07 pJ/inf with an inference latency of 388.74 ps/inf, nearly an order of magnitude better than electronic counterparts. These results demonstrate that the photonic spiking-DDPG architecture enables ultrafast, energy-efficient RL for continuous control, offering a promising route toward real-time decision-making in robotics and autonomous systems.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multilayer thin films are fundamental components of photonic and optoelectronic technologies, yet their inverse design and characterization remain limited by the trade-off between exploration of the solution space and computational cost. This paper proposes a tensorized quantum genetic algorithm (tQGA) with a selective evolution strategy, in which each individual evolves independently toward probabilistically chosen targets, maintaining diversity while ensuring stable convergence, and thereby enhancing optimization performance. A tensorized implementation further enables parallel updates of the population and simultaneous optical calculations for all solutions within each generation, achieving a 60–90× speedup over conventional frameworks, and up to 300–500× with GPU acceleration. The proposed tQGA is validated across three representative thin-film design and characterization tasks, consistently demonstrating superior accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency. These results clearly demonstrate the significant potential of tQGA as a general and efficient framework for addressing inverse problems in thin-film optics.
{"title":"Tensorized Quantum Genetic Algorithm With Selective Evolution Strategy for Thin-Film Optical Inverse Problems","authors":"Shuo Liu, Xiuguo Chen, Shiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501880","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer thin films are fundamental components of photonic and optoelectronic technologies, yet their inverse design and characterization remain limited by the trade-off between exploration of the solution space and computational cost. This paper proposes a tensorized quantum genetic algorithm (tQGA) with a selective evolution strategy, in which each individual evolves independently toward probabilistically chosen targets, maintaining diversity while ensuring stable convergence, and thereby enhancing optimization performance. A tensorized implementation further enables parallel updates of the population and simultaneous optical calculations for all solutions within each generation, achieving a 60–90× speedup over conventional frameworks, and up to 300–500× with GPU acceleration. The proposed tQGA is validated across three representative thin-film design and characterization tasks, consistently demonstrating superior accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency. These results clearly demonstrate the significant potential of tQGA as a general and efficient framework for addressing inverse problems in thin-film optics.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyajeet Patil, Rajshree Swarnkar, Jonas L. Moos, Sebastian Töpfer, Sergio Tovar-Pérez, Jorge Fuenzalida, Markus Gräfe
Position-momentum entanglement is a versatile high-dimensional resource in quantum optics. From fundamental tests of reality to applications in quantum technologies, spatial entanglement has experienced significant growth in recent years. In this review, we explore these advances, beginning with the generation of spatial entanglement, followed by various types of measurements for certifying entanglement, and concluding with different quantum-based applications. We conclude the review with a discussion and outlook of the field.
{"title":"Advances in Position-Momentum Entanglement: A Versatile Tool for Quantum Technologies","authors":"Satyajeet Patil, Rajshree Swarnkar, Jonas L. Moos, Sebastian Töpfer, Sergio Tovar-Pérez, Jorge Fuenzalida, Markus Gräfe","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501358","url":null,"abstract":"Position-momentum entanglement is a versatile high-dimensional resource in quantum optics. From fundamental tests of reality to applications in quantum technologies, spatial entanglement has experienced significant growth in recent years. In this review, we explore these advances, beginning with the generation of spatial entanglement, followed by various types of measurements for certifying entanglement, and concluding with different quantum-based applications. We conclude the review with a discussion and outlook of the field.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All‐optical switches are fundamental to high‐speed information processing, yet their operational speeds are typically constrained by intrinsic material relaxation processes. Here, we demonstrate that the temporal trajectory of an ultrafast all‐optical switch can be deterministically programmed by pump polarization within a symmetry‐broken plasmonic metasurface. Femtosecond pump‐probe measurements identify two reversible operational regimes within a single meta‐atom, spanning a sub‐picosecond fast mode of 237 fs and a picosecond‐scale slow mode of 3.05 ps. A self‐consistent multiphysics framework, which couples electromagnetic field localization, nonequilibrium electron‐lattice energy exchange, and transient Drude renormalization, reveals that pump polarization dictates the nanoscale topology of optical absorption, thereby selectively activating distinct microscopic dielectric modulation pathways. Under one polarization state, absorption is strongly confined to nanoscale tips, triggering a localized, electron‐dominated nonequilibrium response that enables switching on a sub‐picosecond timescale. In contrast, orthogonal pumping redistributes energy toward extended regions of the meta‐atom, suppressing the tip‐confined electronic channel and promoting a lattice‐assisted relaxation process. These findings establish polarization‐controlled spatial mode engineering as a general principle for programming ultrafast optical dynamics, paving the way for reconfigurable photonic devices with in situ tunable temporal functionality.
{"title":"Programmable Dual‐Mode Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching via Symmetry‐Broken Plasmonic Metasurface","authors":"Renxian Gao, Yufei Wang, Yaxin Wang, Yongjun Zhang, Jiahong Wen, Wenbin Chen, Runhong He, Ming‐De Li, Xiaoyu Zhao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502756","url":null,"abstract":"All‐optical switches are fundamental to high‐speed information processing, yet their operational speeds are typically constrained by intrinsic material relaxation processes. Here, we demonstrate that the temporal trajectory of an ultrafast all‐optical switch can be deterministically programmed by pump polarization within a symmetry‐broken plasmonic metasurface. Femtosecond pump‐probe measurements identify two reversible operational regimes within a single meta‐atom, spanning a sub‐picosecond fast mode of 237 fs and a picosecond‐scale slow mode of 3.05 ps. A self‐consistent multiphysics framework, which couples electromagnetic field localization, nonequilibrium electron‐lattice energy exchange, and transient Drude renormalization, reveals that pump polarization dictates the nanoscale topology of optical absorption, thereby selectively activating distinct microscopic dielectric modulation pathways. Under one polarization state, absorption is strongly confined to nanoscale tips, triggering a localized, electron‐dominated nonequilibrium response that enables switching on a sub‐picosecond timescale. In contrast, orthogonal pumping redistributes energy toward extended regions of the meta‐atom, suppressing the tip‐confined electronic channel and promoting a lattice‐assisted relaxation process. These findings establish polarization‐controlled spatial mode engineering as a general principle for programming ultrafast optical dynamics, paving the way for reconfigurable photonic devices with in situ tunable temporal functionality.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Xue, Yuxuan Du, Yuwei Li, Jingda Zhao, Xin Wang, Chengjun Liu, Damian Chinedu Onwudiwe, Byung Seong Bae, Mehmet ERTUĞRUL, Ying Zhu, Wei Lei, Xiaobing Zhang
Organic‐inorganic halide perovskite materials have demonstrated exceptional potential for X‐ray detection due to their high X‐ray attenuation coefficient and large mobility‐lifetime product. However, severe ion migration leads to signal current baseline drift and increased noise, limiting the imaging performance. In this work, we report a new mechanism by introducing a lattice‐matched MABr–PMMA composite polymer film, fabricated through a solution‐processed epitaxial growth method. The formation of a PN heterojunction, enabled by electron donation from the MABr component, not only provides efficient surface passivation but also effectively suppresses ion migration in MAPbBr 3 perovskite single crystals (SCs). Consequently, the X‐ray detector exhibits an ultralow baseline drift of 2.4 × 10 −6 nA cm −1 s −1 V −1 under a high electric field of 1000 V cm −1 , comparable to that of 2D perovskite SCs. It also achieves a high sensitivity of 1.46 × 10 5 µC Gyair −1 cm −2 and a low detection limit of 51.2 nGyair s −1 . Moreover, the device also demonstrates excellent stability and reliability under various demanding operational conditions, including high‐dose irradiation, high‐temperature, long‐term high biasing, and long‐term air exposure storage. In addition, the detector delivers high‐resolution and real‐time X‐ray imaging, highlighting its potential for high‐resolution integrated X‐ray imaging array applications.
有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿材料由于其高X射线衰减系数和大迁移率寿命产物，在X射线探测方面表现出了非凡的潜力。然而，严重的离子迁移导致信号电流基线漂移和噪声增加，限制了成像性能。在这项工作中，我们报告了一种新的机制，通过引入一种晶格匹配的MABr-PMMA复合聚合物薄膜，通过溶液加工外延生长方法制备。通过MABr组分的电子捐赠，形成PN异质结，不仅提供了有效的表面钝化，而且有效地抑制了mapbbr3钙钛矿单晶（SCs）中的离子迁移。因此，X射线探测器在1000 V cm−1的高电场下表现出2.4 × 10−6 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1的超低基线漂移，与2D钙钛矿SCs相当。该方法具有1.46 × 10 5µC Gyair - 1 cm - 2的高灵敏度和51.2 nGyair s - 1的低检测限。此外，该装置在各种苛刻的操作条件下也表现出优异的稳定性和可靠性，包括高剂量辐照、高温、长期高偏置和长期空气暴露储存。此外，该探测器提供高分辨率和实时X射线成像，突出了其高分辨率集成X射线成像阵列应用的潜力。
{"title":"Suppression of Ion Migration With a Composite Polymer Film in Perovskite Single‐crystal Photodetectors for Sensitive and Stable X‐Ray Imaging","authors":"Lu Xue, Yuxuan Du, Yuwei Li, Jingda Zhao, Xin Wang, Chengjun Liu, Damian Chinedu Onwudiwe, Byung Seong Bae, Mehmet ERTUĞRUL, Ying Zhu, Wei Lei, Xiaobing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501802","url":null,"abstract":"Organic‐inorganic halide perovskite materials have demonstrated exceptional potential for X‐ray detection due to their high X‐ray attenuation coefficient and large mobility‐lifetime product. However, severe ion migration leads to signal current baseline drift and increased noise, limiting the imaging performance. In this work, we report a new mechanism by introducing a lattice‐matched MABr–PMMA composite polymer film, fabricated through a solution‐processed epitaxial growth method. The formation of a PN heterojunction, enabled by electron donation from the MABr component, not only provides efficient surface passivation but also effectively suppresses ion migration in MAPbBr <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> perovskite single crystals (SCs). Consequently, the X‐ray detector exhibits an ultralow baseline drift of 2.4 × 10 <jats:sup>−6</jats:sup> nA cm <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> s <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> V <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> under a high electric field of 1000 V cm <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , comparable to that of 2D perovskite SCs. It also achieves a high sensitivity of 1.46 × 10 <jats:sup>5 </jats:sup> µC Gyair <jats:sup> −1 </jats:sup> cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> and a low detection limit of 51.2 nGyair s <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . Moreover, the device also demonstrates excellent stability and reliability under various demanding operational conditions, including high‐dose irradiation, high‐temperature, long‐term high biasing, and long‐term air exposure storage. In addition, the detector delivers high‐resolution and real‐time X‐ray imaging, highlighting its potential for high‐resolution integrated X‐ray imaging array applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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