Evgeny Zherebtsov, Anton Sdobnov, Oleksii Sieryi, Mika Kaakinen, Lauri Eklund, Teemu Myllylä, Alexander Bykov, Igor Meglinski
A comparative application of major dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based image methodologies applied to transcranial cerebral blood flow imaging is presented. In particular, the study delves into assessing capability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI), and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) in enhancing the spatial and temporal resolution of transcranial blood flow imaging. An integral part of the study is focused on the modulation of blood flow through the administration of the vasodilator drug, Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP). This pharmacological intervention facilitated a direct observation of cerebral vasculature's responsiveness to external stimuli, illuminating the physiological adaptations within the brain's microvascular architecture. Advanced LSCI processing techniques are incorporated, notably entropy and principal component analysis (PCA). Entropy is providing a quantifiable measure of the randomness and complexity within the speckle patterns of transcranial blood flow images, revealing remarkably similar outcomes with DSC approach in terms of blood flow dynamics and its quantitative evaluation. The application of PCA approach is provided a more nuanced understanding of blood flow dynamics, facilitating the identification of subtle changes induced by drug administration. This method proved instrumental in enhancing the visualization and detection of nuanced blood flow dynamics, thereby allowing for a more detailed examination of cerebral circulation alterations induced by SNP administration. The study seeks to offer a wider-ranging insight into comprehending the translating further the concept of DLS into transcrainial blood flow vizualization and explore its practical applications, considering hardware, advanced quantitative image processing, and data acquisition.
本文介绍了基于动态光散射（DLS）的主要图像方法在经颅脑血流成像中的比较应用。特别是，该研究深入评估了激光多普勒血流测量（LDF）、激光斑点对比成像（LSCI）和弥散相关光谱（DCS）在提高经颅血流成像的空间和时间分辨率方面的能力。研究的一个重要部分是通过服用血管扩张药物硝普钠（SNP）来调节血流。这种药物干预有助于直接观察脑血管对外界刺激的反应，从而揭示大脑微血管结构的生理适应性。LSCI 采用了先进的处理技术，特别是熵和主成分分析（PCA）。熵是对经颅血流图像斑点模式的随机性和复杂性的量化测量，在血流动力学及其定量评估方面揭示了与 DSC 方法极为相似的结果。PCA 方法的应用使人们对血流动态有了更细致入微的了解，有助于识别用药引起的微妙变化。事实证明，这种方法有助于增强细微血流动态的可视化和检测，从而更详细地检查 SNP 给药引起的脑循环改变。本研究试图从硬件、先进的定量图像处理和数据采集等方面，为进一步将 DLS 概念转化为跨脑膜血流可视化提供更广泛的见解，并探索其实际应用。
{"title":"Enhancing Transcranial Blood Flow Visualization with Dynamic Light Scattering Technologies: Advances in Quantitative Analysis","authors":"Evgeny Zherebtsov, Anton Sdobnov, Oleksii Sieryi, Mika Kaakinen, Lauri Eklund, Teemu Myllylä, Alexander Bykov, Igor Meglinski","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401016","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative application of major dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based image methodologies applied to transcranial cerebral blood flow imaging is presented. In particular, the study delves into assessing capability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI), and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) in enhancing the spatial and temporal resolution of transcranial blood flow imaging. An integral part of the study is focused on the modulation of blood flow through the administration of the vasodilator drug, Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP). This pharmacological intervention facilitated a direct observation of cerebral vasculature's responsiveness to external stimuli, illuminating the physiological adaptations within the brain's microvascular architecture. Advanced LSCI processing techniques are incorporated, notably entropy and principal component analysis (PCA). Entropy is providing a quantifiable measure of the randomness and complexity within the speckle patterns of transcranial blood flow images, revealing remarkably similar outcomes with DSC approach in terms of blood flow dynamics and its quantitative evaluation. The application of PCA approach is provided a more nuanced understanding of blood flow dynamics, facilitating the identification of subtle changes induced by drug administration. This method proved instrumental in enhancing the visualization and detection of nuanced blood flow dynamics, thereby allowing for a more detailed examination of cerebral circulation alterations induced by SNP administration. The study seeks to offer a wider-ranging insight into comprehending the translating further the concept of DLS into transcrainial blood flow vizualization and explore its practical applications, considering hardware, advanced quantitative image processing, and data acquisition.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scattering of waves in a complex medium is perturbed by polarizability changes or displacements of embedded targets. These perturbations can serve as perfectly non-invasive guidestars for focusing on the targets. Here, a fundamental but to-date overlooked difference between these two perturbation types is theoretically derived: the change of the scattering matrix is of rank one [two] for a polarizability change [displacement] of a point-like target; optimal strategies to perfectly focus on the target in both cases are identified accordingly. In particular, in the latter case, optimal focusing requires at least two target displacements. Furthermore, for the case of dynamic complex media additionally featuring parasitic perturbers, a non-invasive scheme to achieve optimal time-averaged power delivery to a perturbation-inducing target is established. In all cases, no assumptions about the unitarity of the system's scattering matrix or the perturbation strength are necessary. All results are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave regime using a strongly sub-unitary lossy chaotic cavity as a complex medium. The experiments highlight that the target's “structural scattering” is irrelevant [must be negligible] in the case of target polarizability changes [displacements]. The presented results are expected to find applications in communications, cybersecurity, wireless bioelectronics, flow-cytometry, and self-propelled nano-swimmers.
{"title":"Optimal Blind Focusing on Perturbation-Inducing Targets in Sub-Unitary Complex Media","authors":"Jérôme Sol, Luc Le Magoarou, Philipp del Hougne","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400619","url":null,"abstract":"The scattering of waves in a complex medium is perturbed by polarizability changes or displacements of embedded targets. These perturbations can serve as perfectly non-invasive guidestars for focusing on the targets. Here, a fundamental but to-date overlooked difference between these two perturbation types is theoretically derived: the change of the scattering matrix is of rank one [two] for a polarizability change [displacement] of a point-like target; optimal strategies to perfectly focus on the target in both cases are identified accordingly. In particular, in the latter case, optimal focusing requires at least two target displacements. Furthermore, for the case of dynamic complex media additionally featuring parasitic perturbers, a non-invasive scheme to achieve optimal time-averaged power delivery to a perturbation-inducing target is established. In all cases, no assumptions about the unitarity of the system's scattering matrix or the perturbation strength are necessary. All results are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave regime using a strongly sub-unitary lossy chaotic cavity as a complex medium. The experiments highlight that the target's “structural scattering” is irrelevant [must be negligible] in the case of target polarizability changes [displacements]. The presented results are expected to find applications in communications, cybersecurity, wireless bioelectronics, flow-cytometry, and self-propelled nano-swimmers.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent luminescence materials have been widely studied due to their excellent optical properties. However, they can only be activated by UV light; in other words, the charging method for these phosphors is limited. In fact, materials that can continuously emit light when exposed to sunlight are highly sought after for their potential to reduce energy consumption. Warm-colored persistent luminescence materials are particularly useful for information storage, security marking, and preventing counterfeiting. Nevertheless, creating effective warm-color persistent luminescence materials that are activated by sunlight remains a challenging task. To address this issue, novel daylight-activated red persistent luminescence materials, Gd3-xCax-0.02GaO6:0.02Eu2+ (x = 0.3 - 0.7) are explored. The material can be effectively activated by sunlight under all weather conditions, as well as by bright light from indoor lamps, mobile phone screens, and any form of visible light. Moreover, it possesses excellent water resistance. The process of electron trapping and release within the material is investigated through thermoluminescence experiments, photoluminescence spectra, and persistent luminescence spectra. Importantly, this phosphor has been demonstrated for various applications, including night vision marking, anti-counterfeiting, optical information storage, and positioning, among others.
{"title":"Sunlight-Activated Eu2+-Doped Red Persistent Luminescence Material for Night-Vision Signage, Anti-Counterfeiting and Location Detection","authors":"Xiaoxue Huo, Zhijun Wang, Xue Meng, Mingxin Zhou, Yu Wang, Hao Suo, Panlai Li","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401229","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent luminescence materials have been widely studied due to their excellent optical properties. However, they can only be activated by UV light; in other words, the charging method for these phosphors is limited. In fact, materials that can continuously emit light when exposed to sunlight are highly sought after for their potential to reduce energy consumption. Warm-colored persistent luminescence materials are particularly useful for information storage, security marking, and preventing counterfeiting. Nevertheless, creating effective warm-color persistent luminescence materials that are activated by sunlight remains a challenging task. To address this issue, novel daylight-activated red persistent luminescence materials, Gd<sub>3-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Ca<i><sub>x</sub></i><sub>-0.02</sub>GaO<sub>6</sub>:0.02Eu<sup>2+</sup> (<i>x</i> = 0.3 - 0.7) are explored. The material can be effectively activated by sunlight under all weather conditions, as well as by bright light from indoor lamps, mobile phone screens, and any form of visible light. Moreover, it possesses excellent water resistance. The process of electron trapping and release within the material is investigated through thermoluminescence experiments, photoluminescence spectra, and persistent luminescence spectra. Importantly, this phosphor has been demonstrated for various applications, including night vision marking, anti-counterfeiting, optical information storage, and positioning, among others.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongsheng Li, Xu Zheng, Huijie He, Philippe Boutinaud, Sanshui Xiao, Jiamin Xu, Chuanlong Wang, Yihua Hu, Fengwen Kang
Inorganic photochromic materials (i.e., in-PCMs) are developed as a research hot point in the lighting field due to their excellent optical characteristics, impressive body color modulation, etc. The aim of this work is to make a review on the developments of multi-metals in-PCMs (i.e., min-PCMs) in the past 20 years. The review is structured based on the reversible coloration, crystal hosts, doped ions, PC properties, and mechanism of min-PCMs and their applications. The synthesis methods of min-PCMs are reviewed first and then the min-PCMs are classified according to the types of the doped ions (i.e., single rare-earth (i.e., RE) ion, multi RE ions, non-RE ions, and/or the coupled arrangement of these ions). Meanwhile, the min-PCMs co-doped with RE and non-RE ions, together with RE- and/or non-RE-doped and co-doped dual crystal matrix, are also disclosed. In the 4th section, we underline the PC mechanisms and show the perspectives on how to produce the PC and obtain the related min-PCMs. After that, diverse emerging applications of min-PCMs are summarized, which include optical storage, anti-counterfeiting, bio-imaging, light detection, temperature sensing, photocatalysis, and smart windows. In the end, we conclude this review and forecast the promising opportunities and potential challenges of min-PCMs in the future.
无机光致变色材料（即in-PCMs）因其优异的光学特性、令人印象深刻的体色调制等优点而成为照明领域的研究热点。本研究旨在回顾过去 20 年中多金属 in-PCM（即 min-PCM）的发展情况。综述的结构以 min-PCMs 的可逆着色、晶体宿主、掺杂离子、PC 性能和机理及其应用为基础。首先综述了 min-PCMs 的合成方法，然后根据掺杂离子的类型（即单稀土离子、多稀土离子、非稀土离子和/或这些离子的耦合排列）对 min-PCMs 进行了分类。同时，还公开了共掺杂 RE 离子和非 RE 离子的 min-PCMs 以及掺杂和/或非掺杂 RE 离子和共掺杂的双晶基质。在第四部分，我们强调了 PC 的机理，并展示了如何生产 PC 和获得相关 min-PCM 的前景。随后，我们总结了微型多孔材料的各种新兴应用，包括光存储、防伪、生物成像、光检测、温度传感、光催化和智能窗。最后，我们对本综述进行了总结，并预测了 min-PCMs 未来的机遇和潜在挑战。
{"title":"A 20-Year Review of Inorganic Photochromic Materials: Design Consideration, Synthesis Methods, Classifications, Optical Properties, Mechanism Models, and Emerging Applications","authors":"Dongsheng Li, Xu Zheng, Huijie He, Philippe Boutinaud, Sanshui Xiao, Jiamin Xu, Chuanlong Wang, Yihua Hu, Fengwen Kang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400742","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic photochromic materials (i.e., <i>in</i>-PCMs) are developed as a research hot point in the lighting field due to their excellent optical characteristics, impressive body color modulation, etc. The aim of this work is to make a review on the developments of multi-metals <i>in</i>-PCMs (i.e., <i>min</i>-PCMs) in the past 20 years. The review is structured based on the reversible coloration, crystal hosts, doped ions, PC properties, and mechanism of <i>min</i>-PCMs and their applications. The synthesis methods of <i>min</i>-PCMs are reviewed first and then the <i>min</i>-PCMs are classified according to the types of the doped ions (i.e., single rare-earth (i.e., RE) ion, multi RE ions, non-RE ions, and/or the coupled arrangement of these ions). Meanwhile, the <i>min</i>-PCMs co-doped with RE and non-RE ions, together with RE- and/or non-RE-doped and co-doped dual crystal matrix, are also disclosed. In the 4<i>th</i> section, we underline the PC mechanisms and show the perspectives on how to produce the PC and obtain the related <i>min</i>-PCMs. After that, diverse emerging applications of <i>min</i>-PCMs are summarized, which include optical storage, anti-counterfeiting, bio-imaging, light detection, temperature sensing, photocatalysis, and smart windows. In the end, we conclude this review and forecast the promising opportunities and potential challenges of <i>min</i>-PCMs in the future.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of planar electroluminescent diodes (including polymer light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting diodes, quantum-dot light-emitting diodes, and perovskite light-emitting diodes) is causing a revolution in displays, lighting, and wearable electronic devices. Continuous advancement in the comprehension and management of charge carrier dynamics in these devices has led to several significant breakthroughs, including diodes with ultrahigh luminance, memory devices, and amplified spontaneous emission. Transient electroluminescence (TrEL) spectroscopy is a relative powerful technology to investigate charge dynamics, including transport, distribution, and storage of charge carriers, in electrically-driven planar light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The aim of this review is to revisit the principle and applications of TrEL spectroscopy in planar electroluminescent diodes, and to evaluate the reliability of various parameters extracted using this technology. A particular focus is on electroluminescence response time, charge-carrier transport and storage, and exciton species. First, the principle and equipment system of the TrEL, as well as specific attention during TrEL measurements are described in detail, following by the applications TrEL spectroscopy in planar LEDs. Further development on the TrEL technology is discussed in the third section. Finally, a summary and outlook for the TrEL are shown and challenges faced by the TrEL spectroscopy are also highlighted.
{"title":"Transient Electroluminescence Spectroscopy in Planar Electroluminescent Devices","authors":"Xulan Xue, Bingyan Zhu, Zhihui Kang, Xiaochun Chi, Hanzhuang Zhang, Aiwei Tang, Wenyu Ji","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401166","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of planar electroluminescent diodes (including polymer light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting diodes, quantum-dot light-emitting diodes, and perovskite light-emitting diodes) is causing a revolution in displays, lighting, and wearable electronic devices. Continuous advancement in the comprehension and management of charge carrier dynamics in these devices has led to several significant breakthroughs, including diodes with ultrahigh luminance, memory devices, and amplified spontaneous emission. Transient electroluminescence (TrEL) spectroscopy is a relative powerful technology to investigate charge dynamics, including transport, distribution, and storage of charge carriers, in electrically-driven planar light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The aim of this review is to revisit the principle and applications of TrEL spectroscopy in planar electroluminescent diodes, and to evaluate the reliability of various parameters extracted using this technology. A particular focus is on electroluminescence response time, charge-carrier transport and storage, and exciton species. First, the principle and equipment system of the TrEL, as well as specific attention during TrEL measurements are described in detail, following by the applications TrEL spectroscopy in planar LEDs. Further development on the TrEL technology is discussed in the third section. Finally, a summary and outlook for the TrEL are shown and challenges faced by the TrEL spectroscopy are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancing rotational measurement resolution and broadening the detectable spectral range are two critical and unresolved matters within the realm of motion perception. The rotational Doppler effect (RDE) is combined with the harmonic generation process to create a rotational measurement scheme that offers flexible detection wavelength conversion, exponential improvement of measurement resolution, and real‐time display of detection results. In the experiments, a cascaded second harmonic generation process is employed to attain a fourfold enhancement in rotational resolution and demonstrate how low‐cost silicon‐based detectors can be used for real‐time detection of infrared objects. This scheme employs a Gaussian beam within the nonlinear process to achieve high conversion efficiency, thereby enabling potential for subsequent cascade amplification. Additionally, it is fully compatible with existing RDE schemes, allowing for co‐amplification of rotational resolution at both the front‐end and back‐end. This research could offer a more precise and cost‐effective method for remote sensing detection.
{"title":"Harmonic‐Assisted Super‐Resolution Rotational Measurement","authors":"Zhenyu Guo, Jiawei Wang, Weihua Zhao, Hong Gao, Zehong Chang, Yunlong Wang, Pei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401050","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing rotational measurement resolution and broadening the detectable spectral range are two critical and unresolved matters within the realm of motion perception. The rotational Doppler effect (RDE) is combined with the harmonic generation process to create a rotational measurement scheme that offers flexible detection wavelength conversion, exponential improvement of measurement resolution, and real‐time display of detection results. In the experiments, a cascaded second harmonic generation process is employed to attain a fourfold enhancement in rotational resolution and demonstrate how low‐cost silicon‐based detectors can be used for real‐time detection of infrared objects. This scheme employs a Gaussian beam within the nonlinear process to achieve high conversion efficiency, thereby enabling potential for subsequent cascade amplification. Additionally, it is fully compatible with existing RDE schemes, allowing for co‐amplification of rotational resolution at both the front‐end and back‐end. This research could offer a more precise and cost‐effective method for remote sensing detection.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaomin Guo, Jie Yang, Peisen Yuan, Yunsheng Wang, Xianfeng Qiao, Zhen Li, Ben Zhong Tang, Dongge Ma
Heavy-metal-free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) holds great potential in the field of organic optoelectronic devices owing to low economic cost, simple preparation techniques, and high exciton utilization. However, it is still filled with challenges in realizing high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and exploring the internal physical mechanism based on these ORTP molecules. Here, a high-performance OLED induced by an unexpected interfacial spin-mixing process between the ORTP molecule and interlayers is demonstrated, and the high efficiency electroluminescence (EL) mechanism is studied through magneto–electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto–photoluminescence (MPL) measurements. The steady-state and transient PL properties imply that the interfacial effect is related to a high-lying singlet fission (HLSF) process in the ORTP molecule itself. Further, the HLSF process and the corresponding energy level position are confirmed by the incident wavelength- and temperature-dependent PL spectra and the magnetic-field-dependent transient PL. Finally, by optimizing the interfacial material adjacent to the emissive layer to utilize this interfacial spin mixing effect, a high-efficiency non-doped ORTP-OLED with external quantum efficiency of 16% and CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.49) is developed. The proposed mechanism during the EL process will give insight to produce more efficient OLEDs based on ORTP materials in the future.
{"title":"High Efficiency Non-Doped Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence by High-Lying Singlet Exciton Fission","authors":"Xiaomin Guo, Jie Yang, Peisen Yuan, Yunsheng Wang, Xianfeng Qiao, Zhen Li, Ben Zhong Tang, Dongge Ma","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401015","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy-metal-free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) holds great potential in the field of organic optoelectronic devices owing to low economic cost, simple preparation techniques, and high exciton utilization. However, it is still filled with challenges in realizing high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and exploring the internal physical mechanism based on these ORTP molecules. Here, a high-performance OLED induced by an unexpected interfacial spin-mixing process between the ORTP molecule and interlayers is demonstrated, and the high efficiency electroluminescence (EL) mechanism is studied through magneto–electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto–photoluminescence (MPL) measurements. The steady-state and transient PL properties imply that the interfacial effect is related to a high-lying singlet fission (HLSF) process in the ORTP molecule itself. Further, the HLSF process and the corresponding energy level position are confirmed by the incident wavelength- and temperature-dependent PL spectra and the magnetic-field-dependent transient PL. Finally, by optimizing the interfacial material adjacent to the emissive layer to utilize this interfacial spin mixing effect, a high-efficiency non-doped ORTP-OLED with external quantum efficiency of 16% and CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.49) is developed. The proposed mechanism during the EL process will give insight to produce more efficient OLEDs based on ORTP materials in the future.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shangsen Sun, Weiyu Tong, Qiansheng Wang, Shan Jiang, Bo Wu, Wenkai Zhang, Hongguang Zhang, Lu Xu, Jianji Dong, Xi Xiao, Xinliang Zhang
Optical switching technology is emerging as a solution to the limitations of traditional electronic switching. Combining optical switching with mode-division multiplexing effectively overcomes the limitations of expanding switching capacity solely by increasing the number of ports. This paper introduces a compact four-mode 2 × 2 optical switch and a four-mode reconfigurable non-blocking 4 × 4 optical switch matrix based on the Beneš architecture. The multimode 2 × 2 switch achieves an extinction ratio larger than 15 dB for all modes in the wavelength range of 1530–1590 nm. The multimode 4 × 4 switch matrix has an extinction ratio exceeding 9 dB for all modes and states in the C-band, with a compact size (1.46 × 0.23 mm2) and low power consumption (0–154 mW). It supports high-integrity 50 Gbaud PAM4 signal transmission with a bit error rate below the forward error correction limit. These devices pave the way for enhanced integration density and capacity in optical switching systems.
{"title":"Large-Scale High-Density Multimode Optical Switch Matrix","authors":"Shangsen Sun, Weiyu Tong, Qiansheng Wang, Shan Jiang, Bo Wu, Wenkai Zhang, Hongguang Zhang, Lu Xu, Jianji Dong, Xi Xiao, Xinliang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400930","url":null,"abstract":"Optical switching technology is emerging as a solution to the limitations of traditional electronic switching. Combining optical switching with mode-division multiplexing effectively overcomes the limitations of expanding switching capacity solely by increasing the number of ports. This paper introduces a compact four-mode 2 × 2 optical switch and a four-mode reconfigurable non-blocking 4 × 4 optical switch matrix based on the Beneš architecture. The multimode 2 × 2 switch achieves an extinction ratio larger than 15 dB for all modes in the wavelength range of 1530–1590 nm. The multimode 4 × 4 switch matrix has an extinction ratio exceeding 9 dB for all modes and states in the C-band, with a compact size (1.46 × 0.23 mm<sup>2</sup>) and low power consumption (0–154 mW). It supports high-integrity 50 Gbaud PAM4 signal transmission with a bit error rate below the forward error correction limit. These devices pave the way for enhanced integration density and capacity in optical switching systems.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julien Duboisset, Benoît Boulanger, Sophie Brasselet, Patricia Segonds, Joseph Zyss
The “field tensor” is the tensor product of the electric fields of the interacting waves during a sum- or difference-frequency generation nonlinear optical interaction. It is therefore a tensor describing light interacting with matter, the latter being characterized by the “electric susceptibility tensor.” The contracted product of these two tensors of equal rank gives the light-matter interaction energy, whether or not propagation occurs. This notion having been explicitly or implicitly present from the early pioneering studies in nonlinear optics, its practical use has led to original developments in many highly topical theoretical or experimental situations, at the microscopic as well macroscopic level throughout a variety of coherent or non-coherent processes. The aim of this review article is to rigorously explain the field tensor formalism in the context of tensor algebra and nonlinear optics in terms of a general time-space multi-convolutional development, using spherical tensors, with components expressed in the frame of a common basis set of irreducible tensors, or Cartesian tensors. A wide variety of media are considered, including biological tissues and their imaging, artificially engineered by various combinations of optical and static electric fields, with the two extremes of all-optical and purely electric poling, and also bulk single crystals.
{"title":"Nonlinear Optics Through the Field Tensor Formalism","authors":"Julien Duboisset, Benoît Boulanger, Sophie Brasselet, Patricia Segonds, Joseph Zyss","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400411","url":null,"abstract":"The “field tensor” is the tensor product of the electric fields of the interacting waves during a sum- or difference-frequency generation nonlinear optical interaction. It is therefore a tensor describing light interacting with matter, the latter being characterized by the “electric susceptibility tensor.” The contracted product of these two tensors of equal rank gives the light-matter interaction energy, whether or not propagation occurs. This notion having been explicitly or implicitly present from the early pioneering studies in nonlinear optics, its practical use has led to original developments in many highly topical theoretical or experimental situations, at the microscopic as well macroscopic level throughout a variety of coherent or non-coherent processes. The aim of this review article is to rigorously explain the field tensor formalism in the context of tensor algebra and nonlinear optics in terms of a general time-space multi-convolutional development, using spherical tensors, with components expressed in the frame of a common basis set of irreducible tensors, or Cartesian tensors. A wide variety of media are considered, including biological tissues and their imaging, artificially engineered by various combinations of optical and static electric fields, with the two extremes of all-optical and purely electric poling, and also bulk single crystals.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si Chen, Yuhan Sun, Hong Zhang, Tianping Xu, Zunyue Zhang, Qun Han, Tiegen Liu, Yi Zou, Zhenzhou Cheng
Hyperuniform disordered solids (HUDS) waveguides, a type of emerging artificial photonic bandgap (PBG) devices, are demonstrated to possess large, complete, and isotropic PBGs, being promising for developing applications in optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, and sensing. However, optical losses of HUDS waveguides are usually limited by giant light scattering from the irregular distribution of HUDS cells. Herein, HUDS waveguide devices are demonstrated with low optical losses and large PBGs by exploring a morphology-engineering and wall-network-regulation method of developing HUDS structures. The results show that the proposed device can achieve a 3.0 dB transmittance improvement for a 36-µm-long silicon HUDS waveguide. Based on the proposed HUDS structure, a waveguide-coupled HUDS-cladding nanocavity is also demonstrated with a quality factor of ≈70 at 2.250 µm wavelengths and a theoretical refractive index sensitivity of 446 nm RIU−1. The study opens an avenue to develop intriguing HUDS waveguide devices for on-chip applications.
{"title":"Mid-Infrared Hyperuniform Disordered Solids Waveguide Devices with Morphology Engineering and Wall-Network Regulation","authors":"Si Chen, Yuhan Sun, Hong Zhang, Tianping Xu, Zunyue Zhang, Qun Han, Tiegen Liu, Yi Zou, Zhenzhou Cheng","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400469","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperuniform disordered solids (HUDS) waveguides, a type of emerging artificial photonic bandgap (PBG) devices, are demonstrated to possess large, complete, and isotropic PBGs, being promising for developing applications in optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, and sensing. However, optical losses of HUDS waveguides are usually limited by giant light scattering from the irregular distribution of HUDS cells. Herein, HUDS waveguide devices are demonstrated with low optical losses and large PBGs by exploring a morphology-engineering and wall-network-regulation method of developing HUDS structures. The results show that the proposed device can achieve a 3.0 dB transmittance improvement for a 36-µm-long silicon HUDS waveguide. Based on the proposed HUDS structure, a waveguide-coupled HUDS-cladding nanocavity is also demonstrated with a quality factor of ≈70 at 2.250 µm wavelengths and a theoretical refractive index sensitivity of 446 nm RIU<sup>−1</sup>. The study opens an avenue to develop intriguing HUDS waveguide devices for on-chip applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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